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SKIDMORE,OWINGS AND
MERRILL
Submitted byMathew Adam
Roll No : 26
S6 b:arch
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SKIDMORE,OWINGS AND MERRILL
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill LLP (SOM) is a
Chicago-based architectural and engineering firm that
was formed in 1936. They opened their first branch inNew York City, New York in 1937. SOM is one of the
largest architectural firms in the world. Their primary
expertise is in high-end commercial buildings, as it was
SOM that led the way to the widespread use of themodern international-style or "glass box" skyscraper.
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Bunshaft was a modernist whose
early influences included Mies
van der Rohe and Le Corbusier.
His best-known design is the
LeverHouse, built as a corporate
headquarters for the soapcompany Lever Brothers.
He became a partner in the New
York office of the young firm
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill in
1949 He received the Pritzker Prize in
1988,
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It is the second curtain wall
skyscraper in New York City, after
the Secretariat Building at the
United NationsH
eadquarters. Thebuilding features an innovative
courtyard and public space
LEVERHOUSE
NEW YORK
Lever House, designed by Gordon Bunshaft
of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and located
at 390 Park Avenue in New York City,
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DESIGN
The LeverHouse was built in 1951-1952 to be the American headquarters
of the British soap company Lever Brothers.
The building featured a glimmering 24-story blue-green heat-resistant glass
and stainless steel curtain-wall. The curtain-wall was designed to reduce
the cost of operating and maintaining the property. Its curtain-wall is
completely sealed with no operating windows
The ground floor contained no tenants. Instead, it featured an open plaza
with garden and pedestrian walkways. Only a small portion of the ground
floor was enclosed in glass and marble.
The ground floor featured space for displays and waiting visitors, a
demonstration kitchen and an auditorium
The second and largest floor contained the employees' lounge, medical
suite, and general office facilities.
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On the third floor was the
employees' cafeteria and
terrace.
The offices of LeverBrothers and its subsidiaries
occupied the remaining
floors with the executive
penthouse on the 21st floor.
The top three stories
contained most of the
property's mechanical space
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Sears Tower
Chicago Height (struct.) - 442 m1,[451 ft]
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Until Taipei 101 was topped outin 2004, the Sears Tower held
title to the world's highest roofand highest occupied floor.
The two antennae on the roofgive the tower the highest "tipheight" of any skyscraper in theworld.
The structure is formed from 9bundled square tubes, each 75feet wide with no columnsbetween the core and perimeter.Two of the tubes are 50 floorshigh, two are 66 floors, three
are 90, and two are 108. World's tallest building from
1974 - 1996; surpassed byPetronas Tower 1 in KualaLumpur, Malaysia.
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Olympic Tower
51-storey building in Midtown
Manhattan, in New York City.
Built in 1976, it contains 225
condominium apartments and
more than 250,000 square feet(23,000 m) of office space and
retail space.
It was the first skyscraper to
combine shops, offices and
owner-occupied luxury
apartments in the same building
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Beinecke Rare Book and
Manuscript Library The building, designed by architect Gordon Bunshaft, of the firm ofSkidmore, Owings, and Merrill, is the largest building in the world reservedexclusively for the preservation of rare books and manuscripts.
It is built at the center of the University, in Hewitt Quadrangle, which is morecommonly referred to as "Beinecke Plaza".
EXTERIOPR VIEWS
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A six-story above-ground towerof book stacks is surrounded by a
windowless rectangular building
with walls made of a translucent
Danby marble, which transmit
subdued lighting and provide
protection from direct light.
Three floors of stacks extend
underHewitt Quadrangle.
The sculptures in the sunken
courtyard are by Isamu Noguchi
and are said to represent time (thepyramid), sun (the circle), and
chance (the cube).
The library also contains an
exhibition hall
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Planning work
In addition to architectural services, Skidmore, Owings andMerrill has also competed in the field of large scale planning
programs. An example of one important commission was asthe lead design firm for the Boston Transportation PlanningReview, a metropolitan wide re-design of Boston's entire
transit and roadway infrastructure in the 1970s. Boston Transportation Planning Review (BTPR) is a
transportation planning program for metropolitan Boston,United States which was responsible for analyzing and re-designing the entire area-wide transit and highway system inthe 1970s.
They have recently designed the Freedom Tower in New YorkCity and the Burj Dubai in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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OTHER IMPORTANT BUILDINGS INCLUDE
United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado, United
States, 1958
One Chase Manhattan Plaza, Financial District, Manhattan, New York,
United States, 1961.[1]
Tour Telus (CIL House), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 1962
Autzen Stadium, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 1967
City Center Square, Kansas City, Missouri, United States 1977
John Hancock Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States, 1969
Regenstein Library, Chicago, Illinois, United States, 1970 One HSBC Center, Buffalo, New York, United States, 1971
WeyerhaeuserHeadquarters, Tacoma, Washington, United States, 1971
Hajj Terminal, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1972