SlaverySlavery
Chapter 9Chapter 9
Nat TurnerNat Turner
Virginia, 1831Virginia, 1831 Nat TurnerNat Turner
Slave, preacherSlave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free Believed God had chosen him to free
slavesslaves Turner and followers killed 55 whitesTurner and followers killed 55 whites 100 blacks slaughtered in the effort to 100 blacks slaughtered in the effort to
capture Turnercapture Turner 1831 (December) – Jefferson’s grandson 1831 (December) – Jefferson’s grandson
presents plan for gradual emancipation in presents plan for gradual emancipation in Virginia General Assembly (Vote – 73 to Virginia General Assembly (Vote – 73 to 82)82)
Toussaint L’OuvertureToussaint L’Ouverture
Santo Domingo (Haiti)Santo Domingo (Haiti) L’OuvertureL’Ouverture
Brilliant, self-educatedBrilliant, self-educated Leads successful slave revoltLeads successful slave revolt 60,000 dead as a result60,000 dead as a result Americans FEAR a slave revolt… and Americans FEAR a slave revolt… and
slavery gets MORE BRUTALslavery gets MORE BRUTAL
Southern views on slaverySouthern views on slavery
1 in 4 own slaves1 in 4 own slaves 1 of 7 slave owners possesses more than 10 slavers1 of 7 slave owners possesses more than 10 slavers Most southerners are small farmers, but rich Most southerners are small farmers, but rich
plantation owners dominate politicsplantation owners dominate politics Sen. John C. Calhoun – “slavery is a positive good… Sen. John C. Calhoun – “slavery is a positive good…
the most safe and stable basis for free institutions the most safe and stable basis for free institutions in the world.”in the world.”
Albert Gallatin Brown – “slavery is a blessing for the Albert Gallatin Brown – “slavery is a blessing for the slave, and a blessing to the master.”slave, and a blessing to the master.”
By 1850 – 30,000 fugitive slaves in the North worth By 1850 – 30,000 fugitive slaves in the North worth about $15 million (Anthony Burns – captured in about $15 million (Anthony Burns – captured in 1854 in Boston and returned to slavery1854 in Boston and returned to slavery
John Brown’s BodyJohn Brown’s Body
Chapter 10Chapter 10
John BrownJohn Brown
1856 – Civil War in “Bloody” Kansas 1856 – Civil War in “Bloody” Kansas In may, John Brown and others murder 5 In may, John Brown and others murder 5
proslavery Kansansproslavery Kansans Believed he was acting for GodBelieved he was acting for God
1859 – Harper’s Ferry1859 – Harper’s Ferry John and 21 followers attempt to ignite a John and 21 followers attempt to ignite a
slave revoltslave revolt Captured and executed (see pages 57 Captured and executed (see pages 57
and 58)and 58)
Lincoln’s ProblemLincoln’s Problem
Chapter 11Chapter 11
SecessionSecession
South Carolina – firstSouth Carolina – first Mississippi – one of richest states Mississippi – one of richest states
(Millionaires of Natchez)(Millionaires of Natchez) Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and
TexasTexas 7 quickly secede to start7 quickly secede to start Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and
Tennessee follow after Lincoln calls for Tennessee follow after Lincoln calls for volunteers to fightvolunteers to fight
Preparing for WARPreparing for WAR
Richmond (capital of South, industrial Richmond (capital of South, industrial center) – exciting place with all war center) – exciting place with all war preparations (dreamlike… only preparations (dreamlike… only thinking of the glory of war)thinking of the glory of war)
West Virginia secedes from VirginiaWest Virginia secedes from Virginia Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri,
Delaware – border, slave states that Delaware – border, slave states that stay with Unionstay with Union
Free Slaves or Not?Free Slaves or Not?
Abolitionists want Lincoln to free Abolitionists want Lincoln to free slavesslaves
Lincoln doesn’t want to anger border Lincoln doesn’t want to anger border statesstates
Lincoln says… freeing slaves, losing Lincoln says… freeing slaves, losing war, and destroying Union will help war, and destroying Union will help NO ONE (slaves or not)NO ONE (slaves or not)
North AdvantagesNorth Advantages
More menMore men 23 states vs. 11 states23 states vs. 11 states 22 million vs. 9 million (population)22 million vs. 9 million (population) Almost 3 million soldiers to 1.5 millionAlmost 3 million soldiers to 1.5 million
More industryMore industry More railroadsMore railroads More foodMore food LINCOLNLINCOLN
Southern AdvantagesSouthern Advantages
Do not have to conquer anyoneDo not have to conquer anyone Can play defenseCan play defense Cause? – liberty from government, Cause? – liberty from government,
maintain way of “southern life”maintain way of “southern life” Skilled fightersSkilled fighters
Used to shooting and riding, outdoorsUsed to shooting and riding, outdoors Better military leadershipBetter military leadership
Fort SumterFort Sumter
April 1861April 1861 Lincoln wants to resupply fortLincoln wants to resupply fort Confederates take the fortConfederates take the fort
PGT Beauregard PGT Beauregard
The Union GeneralsThe Union Generals
Chapter 12Chapter 12
Winfield ScottWinfield Scott
First General in chargeFirst General in charge Old, terrible shape… still sharpOld, terrible shape… still sharp
Knew it would take a few years to winKnew it would take a few years to win Old Fuss and FeathersOld Fuss and Feathers
Plan:Plan: Blockade southern portsBlockade southern ports Control Mississippi RiverControl Mississippi River Send armies from east and west to squeeze Send armies from east and west to squeeze
Confederacy (Anaconda Plan)Confederacy (Anaconda Plan)
George B. McClellanGeorge B. McClellan
West Point West Point graduate, age 35 graduate, age 35
Excellent Excellent organizerorganizer Need to feed, Need to feed,
house, equip house, equip MANYMANY
PROBLEM – PROBLEM – hesitant to fighthesitant to fight
Lincoln tries more…Lincoln tries more…
FremontFremont BurnsideBurnside HalleckHalleck HookerHooker PopePope MeadeMeade Then….Then….
Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant
West PointWest Point Mexican WarMexican War Inherited slave… ???Inherited slave… ??? GOOD at FIGHTINGGOOD at FIGHTING ““Unconditional Unconditional
Surrender”Surrender” WINNING in WESTWINNING in WEST Outkill and Outlast!Outkill and Outlast!
The Confederate GeneralsThe Confederate Generals
Chapter 13Chapter 13
Southern GeneralsSouthern Generals
Soldiering tradition in SouthSoldiering tradition in South James LongstreetJames Longstreet
Old Pete or Old War HorseOld Pete or Old War Horse J.E.B. Stuart… “the eyes and ears”J.E.B. Stuart… “the eyes and ears”
One of most daring cavalry leadersOne of most daring cavalry leaders Gettysburg error ???Gettysburg error ???
George PicketGeorge Picket Friendly, well-likeFriendly, well-like ““Picket’s Charge” at GettysburgPicket’s Charge” at Gettysburg
Southern GeneralsSouthern Generals
Thomas J. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson“Stonewall” Jackson West Point, VMI West Point, VMI
instructorinstructor Strict, intelligent, Strict, intelligent,
daring, fearlessdaring, fearless A WINNER… even A WINNER… even
when he shouldn’twhen he shouldn’t Very religiousVery religious What happened to What happened to
him?him?
Southern GeneralsSouthern Generals
Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee West PointWest Point Did not want Union to Did not want Union to
dissolvedissolve Had to fight for Had to fight for
VirginiaVirginia Born leader… Jackson Born leader… Jackson
would follow him would follow him “blindfolded”“blindfolded”
WINNER… risk taker, WINNER… risk taker, geniusgenius
President Davis’s President Davis’s ProblemsProblems
Chapter 14Chapter 14
The Problems…The Problems…
Not enough food, clothing (shoes), weapons, Not enough food, clothing (shoes), weapons, shipsships
Poor railroadsPoor railroads Surplus of cotton in EnglandSurplus of cotton in England
No need to interfere with Union blockadeNo need to interfere with Union blockade English opposed slaveryEnglish opposed slavery Confederate states acting independentlyConfederate states acting independently
Cannot get tax $ from themCannot get tax $ from them Davis couldn’t communicate like LincolnDavis couldn’t communicate like Lincoln
Choosing SidesChoosing Sides
Chapter 15Chapter 15
War splits nation and War splits nation and familiesfamilies Clifton brothers – both die at Petersburg, Clifton brothers – both die at Petersburg,
fighting on opposite sidesfighting on opposite sides 4 of Lincoln’s brother-in-laws fight for 4 of Lincoln’s brother-in-laws fight for
Confederacy (3 died)Confederacy (3 died) Henry Clay’s grandsons… 3 for Union and 4 Henry Clay’s grandsons… 3 for Union and 4
for Confederacyfor Confederacy JEB Stuart… Chased by father-in-lawJEB Stuart… Chased by father-in-law ETC. ETC. WHY fight for the North? Why South?WHY fight for the North? Why South?
North – read box on 77, South – their wayNorth – read box on 77, South – their way
Did the war make a Did the war make a difference?difference? Yes… Yes…
Ended SlaveryEnded Slavery Preserved UnionPreserved Union U.S. committed to democracy through U.S. committed to democracy through
constitutional amendments that promoted constitutional amendments that promoted fairness (equal opportunity)fairness (equal opportunity)
HOWEVER… easier to change laws than to HOWEVER… easier to change laws than to change ideas and habitschange ideas and habits
Tyranny and persecution and bigotry are Tyranny and persecution and bigotry are forbidden by the Constitution (un-American!)forbidden by the Constitution (un-American!)
The SoldiersThe Soldiers
Median age – 24Median age – 24 Many were 18 or 19Many were 18 or 19 Johnny Clem (11)Johnny Clem (11)
Confederate Colonel tried to take him Confederate Colonel tried to take him prisonerprisoner
He killed the Colonel and was made a sergeantHe killed the Colonel and was made a sergeant
Eventually, government had to pay cash Eventually, government had to pay cash rewards for volunteers… and both sides rewards for volunteers… and both sides had to drafthad to draft
Rich man’s war, poor man’s Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight…fight… Confederates that owned 20 or more Confederates that owned 20 or more
slaves did not have to serve (some fought slaves did not have to serve (some fought anyway)anyway)
Northerners could pay someone else to Northerners could pay someone else to fight if they could afford itfight if they could afford it
Many were farmers… small-town boys… Many were farmers… small-town boys… most were never far from homemost were never far from home
Most signed up for an exciting Most signed up for an exciting adventure… but what did they get???adventure… but what did they get???
War is NOT fun…War is NOT fun…
Long marchesLong marches DiseaseDisease HomesicknessHomesickness Bad foodBad food Hunger Hunger Long, boring encampmentsLong, boring encampments For every man that died in battle, two For every man that died in battle, two
died of sicknessdied of sickness
WeaponsWeapons
Sharps rifle – breech-loading, single-shotSharps rifle – breech-loading, single-shot Spencer seven-shot – best repeating rifleSpencer seven-shot – best repeating rifle Gatling – machine gun, 250 rounds per Gatling – machine gun, 250 rounds per
minuteminute MOST soldiers use muzzle loading rifleMOST soldiers use muzzle loading rifle New weapons are much better…. More New weapons are much better…. More
accurate, shoot farther… KILL betteraccurate, shoot farther… KILL better Fight with old-school tactics using new Fight with old-school tactics using new
weapons… MANY die as a resultweapons… MANY die as a result
WeaponsWeapons
Hot air balloons… for spying Hot air balloons… for spying Submarine… it worked… but not wellSubmarine… it worked… but not well
This was the first “modern” war…This was the first “modern” war… No “by-the-rules” orderly skirmishNo “by-the-rules” orderly skirmish TOTAL WARTOTAL WAR
In the “old” days… attackers had In the “old” days… attackers had advantage… now… defenders are winningadvantage… now… defenders are winning
Willie and TadWillie and TadThe point?The point?
Chapter 17Chapter 17
General McClellan’s General McClellan’s CampaignCampaign
Chapter 18Chapter 18
McClellanMcClellan
Takes charge after Bull RunTakes charge after Bull Run Brings order and pride… DRILLSBrings order and pride… DRILLS Organized 100,000 menOrganized 100,000 men
2,500 supply wagons2,500 supply wagons 300 cannons300 cannons 25,000 animals25,000 animals 600 tons of supplies used each day!600 tons of supplies used each day!
McClellanMcClellan
Wants to take Richmond (capital and Wants to take Richmond (capital and industrial center)industrial center) Attack by boat – Virginia Peninsula (see map on Attack by boat – Virginia Peninsula (see map on
91)91) MUD – difficult to move troops and suppliesMUD – difficult to move troops and supplies
Time for Confederates to prepareTime for Confederates to prepare Magruder – marching troops all over the place to Magruder – marching troops all over the place to
trick McClellan… it works… moves slowertrick McClellan… it works… moves slower Seven Days Battle is tough on both sidesSeven Days Battle is tough on both sides
Union retreats eventuallyUnion retreats eventually
ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville
Stonewall is accidentally wounded by Stonewall is accidentally wounded by friendly firefriendly fire Lee says, “He has lost his left arm, but I Lee says, “He has lost his left arm, but I
have lost my right arm.”have lost my right arm.”
War at SeaWar at Sea
Chapter 19Chapter 19
BlockadeBlockade
Union wants to isolate the south… Union wants to isolate the south… only has 90 ships to do itonly has 90 ships to do it Confederates have no navyConfederates have no navy By time war ends, Union has 700 ships By time war ends, Union has 700 ships
in servicein service Confederates get English to build fast Confederates get English to build fast
cruisers that can outrun blockade and cruisers that can outrun blockade and attack Union merchant shipsattack Union merchant ships
Iron stronger than woodIron stronger than wood
Confederates raised the sunken Confederates raised the sunken MerrimackMerrimack and it becomes the and it becomes the VirginiaVirginia Big, slow, clumsy, and STRONGBig, slow, clumsy, and STRONG Creates FEAR in Washington… a super-shipCreates FEAR in Washington… a super-ship Monitor Monitor is built and ships meet at Hampton is built and ships meet at Hampton
RoadsRoads Neither ship can sink the other… war has Neither ship can sink the other… war has
changed at sea foreverchanged at sea forever
Admiral David FarragutAdmiral David Farragut
Takes Takes New OrleansNew Orleans with his fleet… with his fleet… passing two Confederate forts that passing two Confederate forts that did everything to stop him…did everything to stop him… See the BOX on page 97See the BOX on page 97
Emancipation Means Emancipation Means FreedomFreedom
Chapter 20Chapter 20
Antietam (Sharpsburg)… Antietam (Sharpsburg)… 9/17/629/17/62 Why should McClellan have been able Why should McClellan have been able
to crush Lee?to crush Lee? Bloodiest day of the war… 23,000 deadBloodiest day of the war… 23,000 dead What happened after the battle… or What happened after the battle… or
what didn’t happen?what didn’t happen? See page 99 – Lincoln’s visit to McClellanSee page 99 – Lincoln’s visit to McClellan
Clara Barton – the Angel of the Clara Barton – the Angel of the BattlefieldBattlefield
Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation
Lincoln reads it in September of 1862Lincoln reads it in September of 1862 January 1, 1863, it becomes officialJanuary 1, 1863, it becomes official What is the impact of this?What is the impact of this? Douglas – “lift the war into the dignity Douglas – “lift the war into the dignity
of a war for progress and civilization”of a war for progress and civilization” Lincoln signs his full name… not just Lincoln signs his full name… not just
A. LincolnA. Lincoln
Determined SoldiersDetermined Soldiers
Chapter 21Chapter 21
ContrabandsContrabands
Property seized by the enemyProperty seized by the enemy They want to FIGHT!They want to FIGHT! 5454thth Massachusetts Massachusetts
Led by Colonel Robert G. ShawLed by Colonel Robert G. Shaw Bayonet attack at Fort Wagner (Charleston Harbor)Bayonet attack at Fort Wagner (Charleston Harbor)
Half are wounded, captured or killedHalf are wounded, captured or killed Captured white officers that led blacks would have been Captured white officers that led blacks would have been
put to death as criminalsput to death as criminals Blacks would be sold into slaveryBlacks would be sold into slavery
180,000 black soldiers fight for the Union180,000 black soldiers fight for the Union
Marching SoldiersMarching Soldiers
Chapter 22Chapter 22
HardtackHardtack
Armies CONSUME!!Armies CONSUME!! Wood… or furniture, books, whatever else Wood… or furniture, books, whatever else
to burnto burn Could take your home for their useCould take your home for their use Could take your vegetables and meat Could take your vegetables and meat
(animals from your farm)(animals from your farm) Live on flour, coffee, bacon, “hardtack”Live on flour, coffee, bacon, “hardtack”
Total War – make enemy civilians sufferTotal War – make enemy civilians suffer
War in the SouthWar in the South Most of the fighting is in the South… VAMost of the fighting is in the South… VA
South is being destroyedSouth is being destroyed Peace movements in North… tired of warPeace movements in North… tired of war Lee wants a big win in the NORTH!!!Lee wants a big win in the NORTH!!!
Stopped at Antietam in September of 1862Stopped at Antietam in September of 1862 Confident after victories at Fredericksburg and Confident after victories at Fredericksburg and
Chancellorsville (early summer of 1863)Chancellorsville (early summer of 1863) Lee heads for Pennsylvania… George Meade Lee heads for Pennsylvania… George Meade
and Union army head after Confederatesand Union army head after Confederates
GettysburgGettysburg
Day 1 (July 1, 1863)Day 1 (July 1, 1863) Fahnestock’s store… cleared out and goods Fahnestock’s store… cleared out and goods
shipped to Philadelphiashipped to Philadelphia Confederates after some shoes?Confederates after some shoes? General Buford holds off Confederates long General Buford holds off Confederates long
enough to then secure the best ground… enough to then secure the best ground… Cemetery RidgeCemetery Ridge
JEB Stuart – Confederate cavalry is off riding JEB Stuart – Confederate cavalry is off riding and NOT getting info to Lee and othersand NOT getting info to Lee and others
GettysburgGettysburg
Day 2 (July 2, 1863Day 2 (July 2, 1863 Confederates are on Seminary Ridge, Confederates are on Seminary Ridge,
about 1 mile from Union troopsabout 1 mile from Union troops Confederates trying to flank the Union Confederates trying to flank the Union
lineslines Little Roundtop (Joshua Lawrence Little Roundtop (Joshua Lawrence
Chamberlain in charge of defending it… Chamberlain in charge of defending it… heroic effort)heroic effort)
Culp’s HillCulp’s Hill
GettysburgGettysburg
Day 3 (July 3, 1863Day 3 (July 3, 1863 Confederates fire artillery at the center of the Confederates fire artillery at the center of the
Union lines for 2 hours, then charge at the Union lines for 2 hours, then charge at the centercenter
Major General George Pickett leads about Major General George Pickett leads about 15,000 troops across nearly a mile of open 15,000 troops across nearly a mile of open field to charge the Union army… get field to charge the Union army… get slaughtered!slaughtered!
Longstreet advised Lee against this, but Lee Longstreet advised Lee against this, but Lee wants to win so badly (he usually did too)wants to win so badly (he usually did too)
GettysburgGettysburg
Day 3 (July 3, 1863Day 3 (July 3, 1863 Winfield Scott Hancock commands Winfield Scott Hancock commands
Yankees that wait for the charge behind Yankees that wait for the charge behind a low stone wall on Cemetery Ridgea low stone wall on Cemetery Ridge
Confederate General Lewis Armistead Confederate General Lewis Armistead leads heroic effort to push into Union leads heroic effort to push into Union line with several hundred Rebels… failsline with several hundred Rebels… fails
GettysburgGettysburg
Turning point of the war! Lee did not get Turning point of the war! Lee did not get big win in the North that he wantedbig win in the North that he wanted
Confederates lose 28,000 menConfederates lose 28,000 men Union loses 23,000 menUnion loses 23,000 men Thousands of horses are deadThousands of horses are dead Confederates walk homeConfederates walk home Lincoln wants Meade to ATTACK, but he Lincoln wants Meade to ATTACK, but he
doesn’tdoesn’t
Lee the FoxLee the Fox
Chapter 24Chapter 24
Lee is brilliantLee is brilliant
Sends Rebel soldier into Union camp to Sends Rebel soldier into Union camp to “inform” them that Rebels are ready to “inform” them that Rebels are ready to fight again, and this makes Meade fight again, and this makes Meade hesitant to advance… Rebels get to VAhesitant to advance… Rebels get to VA
At same time as Gettysburg, Grant At same time as Gettysburg, Grant takes Vicksburg (Mississippi)… going takes Vicksburg (Mississippi)… going against the rules to winagainst the rules to win 48 days… of bombing… eventual 48 days… of bombing… eventual
starvationstarvation
Speeches at G-BurgSpeeches at G-Burg
Chapter 25Chapter 25
Gettysburg aftermathGettysburg aftermath
Citizens busy burying dead and treating Citizens busy burying dead and treating wounded (16,000)wounded (16,000)
November 19November 19 Edward Everett Edward Everett
President of Harvard, senator, secretary of President of Harvard, senator, secretary of state, and ambassador to Britainstate, and ambassador to Britain
Speaks for 2 hours!Speaks for 2 hours! LincolnLincoln
Speaks from the heart for 2 minutes (page 122)Speaks from the heart for 2 minutes (page 122)
More Battles – will it ever More Battles – will it ever end?end?
Chapter 26Chapter 26
GrantGrant
Grant now in charge of Union armiesGrant now in charge of Union armies Southern strategy is to wear North out, and Southern strategy is to wear North out, and
North wants to end this as quickly as North wants to end this as quickly as possiblepossible
Grant leads 120,000 to Richmond…Grant leads 120,000 to Richmond… Attacks and attacks and attacks (map 125)Attacks and attacks and attacks (map 125)
Battle of the Wilderness… horribleBattle of the Wilderness… horrible Grant wants to lay siege to PetersburgGrant wants to lay siege to Petersburg
Confederates “lose” themConfederates “lose” them Pontoon bridges across the James and Appomattox Pontoon bridges across the James and Appomattox
River… page 126River… page 126
ShermanSherman
Marches from WestMarches from West From Tennessee, through Georgia (Atlanta From Tennessee, through Georgia (Atlanta
to Savannah), to the Carolinasto Savannah), to the Carolinas Squeezes South like an Anaconda!Squeezes South like an Anaconda! Total War… Sherman’s March to the Sea… Total War… Sherman’s March to the Sea…
40 mile wide path of destruction (Union 40 mile wide path of destruction (Union soldiers take frustrations out on the South)soldiers take frustrations out on the South)
Victory at Atlanta gets Lincoln reelected in Victory at Atlanta gets Lincoln reelected in 1864 (against McClellan)1864 (against McClellan)
The Second InauguralThe Second Inaugural
Chapter 27Chapter 27
Lincoln’s SpeechLincoln’s Speech
Lincoln knows that South can’t hold Lincoln knows that South can’t hold out much longerout much longer
His speech aims at healing wounds… His speech aims at healing wounds… bridging the gap between North and bridging the gap between North and South… unifying people (page 132)South… unifying people (page 132)
Closing In on the EndClosing In on the End
Chapter 28Chapter 28
LincolnLincoln
He is TIREDHe is TIRED Visits Grant at City Point aboard Visits Grant at City Point aboard River River
QueenQueen and stays for 2 weeks and stays for 2 weeks Yankees take Five Forks after a Yankees take Five Forks after a
counterattack while Pickett eats shadcounterattack while Pickett eats shad Confederates leave Richmond and burn itConfederates leave Richmond and burn it The capital of the South now belongs to The capital of the South now belongs to
the Union… and Lincoln walks inthe Union… and Lincoln walks in
Mr. McLean’s ParlorMr. McLean’s Parlor
Chapter 29Chapter 29
Lee surrenders to GrantLee surrenders to Grant
Grant traps Lee and troops, and Lee Grant traps Lee and troops, and Lee surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865 surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865 Appomattox CourthouseAppomattox Courthouse
This is a MUST read Chapter!!!This is a MUST read Chapter!!!
A Play at Ford’s TheatreA Play at Ford’s Theatre
Chapter 30Chapter 30
April 14, 1865April 14, 1865
Our American Cousin at Ford’s Our American Cousin at Ford’s TheatreTheatre
John Wilkes Booth shoots LincolnJohn Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln Lincoln dies on April 15Lincoln dies on April 15
After WordsAfter Words
Chapter 31Chapter 31
What now?What now?
This did nothing to help the South… This did nothing to help the South… Lincoln wanted the nation to healLincoln wanted the nation to heal
600,000 dead600,000 dead Slow process of Reconstruction Slow process of Reconstruction
beginsbegins Positives – Amendments 13,14, and Positives – Amendments 13,14, and
1515