Using curriculum he has developed especially for English-speakingUsing curriculum he has developed especially for English-speakingMuslim converts and young English-speaking Adult Muslims. Muslim converts and young English-speaking Adult Muslims.
““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”
IT CAN ALSO BE A IT CAN ALSO BE A REFRESHER COURSE REFRESHER COURSE
FOR MUSLIM FOR MUSLIM PARENTS, EDUCATORS, PARENTS, EDUCATORS,
IN CONTEMPORARY IN CONTEMPORARY SINGAPORE. SINGAPORE. OPEN TO ALLOPEN TO ALL
IN THE NAME OF ALLAHIN THE NAME OF ALLAHMOST COMPASIONATEMOST COMPASIONATEMOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL # 2 a# 2 a
For further information and registration contact EFor further information and registration contact E-mail : -mail : [email protected] +65 81234669 / +65 96838279or +65 81234669 / +65 96838279
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LESSON
““INTRODUCTION TO STUDY OF INTRODUCTION TO STUDY OF TAUTAUHHEED – (AQA’ID) EED – (AQA’ID) ””
Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adultsconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
Updated 29 January 2014Updated 29 January 2014
BATCH -
[JANUARY-MAY 2014]
18 weekly class started on : 18 weekly class started on : 15th JANUARY 2014 15th JANUARY 2014
Every Wadnesday night @ 8pm – 10pmEvery Wadnesday night @ 8pm – 10pm
Wisma Indah, 450 Changi Road, #02-00 next to Masjid KassimWisma Indah, 450 Changi Road, #02-00 next to Masjid Kassim
REMEMBER THE ….PREVIOUS LESSON
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REMEMBER ….
PREVIOUS LESSON
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REMEMBER THAT….PREVIOUS LESSON
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REMEMBER THAT….PREVIOUS LESSON
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REMEMBER THE ….PREVIOUS LESSON
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PREVIOUS LESSON
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PREVIOUS LESSON
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Amongst the definitions:Amongst the definitions:
““....... Knowledge is the arrival (....... Knowledge is the arrival (huhussulul- )- )** of the meaning of the meaning
((ma’nama’na- ) of a thing or object of knowledge in the soul - ) of a thing or object of knowledge in the soul
of the subject; and simultaneously,..... Knowledge is the soul’s of the subject; and simultaneously,..... Knowledge is the soul’s
arrival (arrival (wuwussulul- ) at the meaning of that thing or the - ) at the meaning of that thing or the
object of knowledge.”object of knowledge.”
By “meaning” (By “meaning” (ma’nama’na- ) is: “- ) is: “the recognition of the proper the recognition of the proper
place of anything in a systemplace of anything in a system ...” ...”
: Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas: Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas
** “ “attainment; acquirement” is a better translationattainment; acquirement” is a better translation ..
EPISTEMOLOGY
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Thus, perspective of Education in Islam can be defined:
““... Recognition and acknowledgement, progressively instilled ... Recognition and acknowledgement, progressively instilled
into man, of the proper places of things in the order of into man, of the proper places of things in the order of
creation, such that it leads to the recognition and creation, such that it leads to the recognition and
acknowledgement of the proper place of God in the order of acknowledgement of the proper place of God in the order of
being and existence.”being and existence.”
EPISTEMOLOGY
PREVIOUS LESSON
Quoted from: “The Educational Philosophy and Quoted from: “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” by Practice of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” by
Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud (ISTAC publication).Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud (ISTAC publication).
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EPISTEMOLOGY
PREVIOUS LESSON
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A REMINDER TO MUSLIMS FROM LESSONS ON ISLAMIC “ADAB”
12
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST GRACIOUS, MOST MERCIFUL
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Especially requiredEspecially required
since most participants in since most participants in
this class are Muslims this class are Muslims
who may require this who may require this
important reminder.important reminder.**
ADDENDUMADDENDUM
** Hope those non- Hope those non-Muslim or participants Muslim or participants new to Islam in this class new to Islam in this class can understand and can understand and appreciate the reason for appreciate the reason for this preludethis prelude
LESSONS FROM BEGINNERS’ COURSE
PREVIOUS LESSON
SINCERE ADVICE TO MUSLIM ‘ INTELLECTUALS ’
PREVIOUS LESSON
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TO CONTINUE ….. Lesson # 2
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE & METHOD OF APPROACH A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE & METHOD OF APPROACH
USING OF REASON (USING OF REASON (AQLIYYAHAQLIYYAH) ) AS ONE OF THE MEANS OF AS ONE OF THE MEANS OF DEVELOPING DEVELOPING IIMANIIMAN (FAITH) (FAITH)
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““AND ON EARTH AND ON EARTH there are signs there are signs [of Allah’s [of Allah’s
existence, visible] existence, visible] to all who are endowed with inner to all who are endowed with inner
certaintycertainty, just as [there are signs thereof] within , just as [there are signs thereof] within
your own selves: can you not, then, see?”your own selves: can you not, then, see?”
((Qur’an: Dzaariyat: 51: 20-21Qur’an: Dzaariyat: 51: 20-21))
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““[All this have We expounded in this] blessed divine writ [All this have We expounded in this] blessed divine writ
which We have revealed unto thee, [O Muhammad,] so which We have revealed unto thee, [O Muhammad,] so
that men may ponder over its mes sages, and that men may ponder over its mes sages, and that those that those
who are endowed with insight who are endowed with insight may take them to may take them to
heart.”heart.”
((Qur’an: Swad: 38: 29Qur’an: Swad: 38: 29))All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)
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““And We have certainly And We have certainly created for Hell many created for Hell many
of the jinn and mankindof the jinn and mankind. They have hearts . They have hearts
with with which they do not understandwhich they do not understand, they have , they have
eyes with eyes with which they do not seewhich they do not see, and they , and they
have ears with have ears with which they do not hearwhich they do not hear. Those . Those
are like livestock; rather, are like livestock; rather, they are more they are more
astrayastray. It is they who are the heedless.”. It is they who are the heedless.”
((Qur’an: 7: 179Qur’an: 7: 179))
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The Holy Qur'an calls upon people to think and to draw conclusions The Holy Qur'an calls upon people to think and to draw conclusions
through thought process. through thought process.
It even regards thinking as part of worship, and does not recognise It even regards thinking as part of worship, and does not recognise
the belief in its doctrinal tenets if it is not the outcome of correct the belief in its doctrinal tenets if it is not the outcome of correct
thinking. thinking.
Islam in this connection has paid attention to a basic point, that Islam in this connection has paid attention to a basic point, that
although people are capable of thinking, still they can end up with although people are capable of thinking, still they can end up with
erroneous conclusion - if they neglect to use, or inappropriately erroneous conclusion - if they neglect to use, or inappropriately
allow certain factors to influence their thought process. allow certain factors to influence their thought process.
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Thus, in Islam, we are provided basic guidelines - basic lessons on Thus, in Islam, we are provided basic guidelines - basic lessons on
how to think correctly. how to think correctly.
Firstly, in the Qur'an, it has pointed out Firstly, in the Qur'an, it has pointed out the major causes which lead the major causes which lead
to wrong thinking and has explained what to do to avoid to wrong thinking and has explained what to do to avoid error and error and
deviation. deviation.
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““Now if thou pay Now if thou pay heed (follow) unto the majority of those heed (follow) unto the majority of those
[who live] on earth[who live] on earth, they will but lead thee astray from , they will but lead thee astray from
the path of Allah: they follow but [other people's] the path of Allah: they follow but [other people's]
conjecturesconjectures, and they themselves do nothing but , and they themselves do nothing but guessguess **. .
Verily, thy Sustainer knows best as to who strays from Verily, thy Sustainer knows best as to who strays from
His path, and best knows He as to who are the right-His path, and best knows He as to who are the right-
guided.”guided.”
((Qur’an: An-’am: 6: 116-117Qur’an: An-’am: 6: 116-117))
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1. Reliance on conjecture instead of sure knowledge1. Reliance on conjecture instead of sure knowledge
The phrase: The phrase: ** “nothing but guess (conjecture)”“nothing but guess (conjecture)”
* * i.e. They only guess regarding the true nature of human life and
its ultimate destiny, the problem of revelation, the relationship
between God and man, the meaning of good and evil etc. –
metaphysical questions.
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1. Reliance on conjecture instead of sure knowledge1. Reliance on conjecture instead of sure knowledge
Apart from leading man astray from spiritual truths, such
guesswork gives rise to arbitrary rules of conduct and self
imposed inhibitions.
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"And "And do not follow (pursue) anything of which thou hast no do not follow (pursue) anything of which thou hast no
knowledgeknowledge: verily (thy) hearing and sight and heart - all of : verily (thy) hearing and sight and heart - all of
them - will be called to account for it (on Judgement Day)." them - will be called to account for it (on Judgement Day)."
((Qur’an: Bani Israil : 17 :36Qur’an: Bani Israil : 17 :36))
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1. Reliance on conjecture instead of sure knowledge1. Reliance on conjecture instead of sure knowledge
Muslims are to be taught that there is distinction between Muslims are to be taught that there is distinction between
knowledge (knowledge (‘ILM‘ILM) and conjecture or guesswork () and conjecture or guesswork (DZONNDZONN); between ); between
absolute and relative; between what are reliable and unreliable absolute and relative; between what are reliable and unreliable
reports, and how to distinguish between them; etc. It exposes the reports, and how to distinguish between them; etc. It exposes the
fallacy of merely following the majority without concern for fallacy of merely following the majority without concern for
substantiation of truth, which seems to be the common approach, substantiation of truth, which seems to be the common approach,
albeit erroneously adopted by people, in matters of religion.albeit erroneously adopted by people, in matters of religion.
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If man wants to judge rightly, he should fully maintain his If man wants to judge rightly, he should fully maintain his
impartiality. In other words, he should seek Truth only, and accept impartiality. In other words, he should seek Truth only, and accept
without hesitation what evidence proves. He should behave exactly without hesitation what evidence proves. He should behave exactly
like a judge in a court of justice, who while studying a case ought to like a judge in a court of justice, who while studying a case ought to
be neutral to the claims of both parties. If he is biased towards one be neutral to the claims of both parties. If he is biased towards one
party, the arguments in favour of that party will unconsciously attract party, the arguments in favour of that party will unconsciously attract
his attention and the arguments against it will automatically be his attention and the arguments against it will automatically be
missed by him. That is what will mislead the judge.missed by him. That is what will mislead the judge.
2. Bias and inclination towards base desires 2. Bias and inclination towards base desires
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2. Bias and inclination towards base desires 2. Bias and inclination towards base desires
If man is not neutral and his thinking is lop-sided, the pointer of
his thinking will unconsciously be inclined towards his personal
liking and personal desire. That is why the Holy Qur'an regards the
base desires as much a source of error as reliance on guess and
conjecture. Allah says :
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2. Bias and inclination towards base desires 2. Bias and inclination towards base desires
If man is not neutral and his thinking is lop-sided, the pointer of
his thinking will unconsciously be inclined towards his personal
liking and personal desire. That is why the Holy Qur'an regards the
base desires as much a source of error as reliance on guess and
conjecture. Allah says :
"They follow nothing but conjecture and "They follow nothing but conjecture and that which they desire. “that which they desire. “
((Qur’an : Najm 53: 23Qur’an : Najm 53: 23))
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2. Bias and inclination towards base desires 2. Bias and inclination towards base desires
The concept of justice (AL-‘ADL ) are to be applied in analysis, putting
things in their appropriate place, requiring impartial appraisal of all
relevant views available to be considered and not suppressed or
overlooked.
Often, this would be difficult when one inclines to own desires
(HAWA) or self-interest, therefore we are to be extra cautious of our
own failings.
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2. Bias and inclination towards base desires 2. Bias and inclination towards base desires
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2. Bias and inclination towards base desires 2. Bias and inclination towards base desires
““O YOU who have attained to faith! Be ever steadfast in O YOU who have attained to faith! Be ever steadfast in
your devotion to Allah, bearing witness to the truth in your devotion to Allah, bearing witness to the truth in
all equity; and never let hatred of any-one lead you into all equity; and never let hatred of any-one lead you into
the sin of deviating from justice. Be just: this is closest the sin of deviating from justice. Be just: this is closest
to being God-conscious. And remain conscious of Allah: to being God-conscious. And remain conscious of Allah:
verily, Allah is aware of all that you do.”verily, Allah is aware of all that you do.”
((Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 8Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 8))
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3. Haste 3. Haste
To be able to express an opinion about a question, one should have
adequate evidence before him.
Unless there is enough evidence, any hasty expression of an opinion
is likely to lead to error. In the Holy Qur'an, Allah repeatedly refers to
the insufficiency of human knowledge for pronouncing an opinion in
respect of many important questions.
For example:
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"And they ask you about the soul. Say: The soul is one of "And they ask you about the soul. Say: The soul is one of
the commands of my Lord, and you have been given but the commands of my Lord, and you have been given but
little knowledge.“little knowledge.“
((Qur’an : Bani Israil 17 :85Qur’an : Bani Israil 17 :85))
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In this verse, the question posed was to seek something which In this verse, the question posed was to seek something which
man's knowledge is inadequate to appreciate any form of detailed man's knowledge is inadequate to appreciate any form of detailed
answer, thus only a general response suffices. answer, thus only a general response suffices.
It does not provide fully what was being asked, but responded in It does not provide fully what was being asked, but responded in
accordance with the preparedness of the questioner, but it accordance with the preparedness of the questioner, but it
cautioned him that, although our knowledge about the soul may be cautioned him that, although our knowledge about the soul may be
little, this general response may suffice. little, this general response may suffice.
3. Haste 3. Haste
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So we should not deny its existence just because we cannot fully So we should not deny its existence just because we cannot fully
satisfy our curiosity regarding it. satisfy our curiosity regarding it.
It teaches us that we should not be hasty in addressing any issue, It teaches us that we should not be hasty in addressing any issue,
but to consider carefully what is offered based on available but to consider carefully what is offered based on available
knowledge. knowledge.
The key point here is, knowledge. To The key point here is, knowledge. To accept is with knowledgeaccept is with knowledge, and , and
to deny it also must be based upon knowledgeto deny it also must be based upon knowledge. .
3. Haste 3. Haste
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Do not reject something by simply basing it upon our ignorance of Do not reject something by simply basing it upon our ignorance of
that thing - e.g. some people categorically deny something with the that thing - e.g. some people categorically deny something with the
irrelevant excuse e.g. "irrelevant excuse e.g. "because I have not come across itbecause I have not come across it." ."
This statement is simply an admission of his ignorance of that thing, This statement is simply an admission of his ignorance of that thing,
not a proof (knowledge)not a proof (knowledge) that that thing does not exist! that that thing does not exist!
3. Haste 3. Haste
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From the above, we are taught, nay, warned against being hasty in 2
things :
(1) That we must not believe a thing unless we have sure knowledge
about it. (Warning against hasty believing something without
knowledge).
(2) That we must not deny a thing unless we have sure knowledge
about it. (Warning against hasty denial without knowledge).
3. Haste 3. Haste
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“As it is, man [often] prays for things that are bad as if he were
praying for something that is good: for man is prone to be hasty
[in his judgments].”
(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 11)
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““FIGHTING is ordained for you, even though it be hateful to you; FIGHTING is ordained for you, even though it be hateful to you;
but it may well be that you hate a thing the while it is good for but it may well be that you hate a thing the while it is good for
you, and it may well be that you love a thing the while it is bad for you, and it may well be that you love a thing the while it is bad for
you: and Allah knows, whereas you do not know.”you: and Allah knows, whereas you do not know.”
((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 216Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 216))
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““IS MAN, then, not aware that it is We who create him out of IS MAN, then, not aware that it is We who create him out of
a [mere] drop of sperm - whereupon, lo! he shows himself a [mere] drop of sperm - whereupon, lo! he shows himself
endowed with the power to think and to argue? endowed with the power to think and to argue?
And And [now] he [argues about Us[now] he [argues about Us, and] thinks of Us in terms of , and] thinks of Us in terms of
comparison, comparison, and is oblivious of how he himself was created! and is oblivious of how he himself was created!
[And so] he says, “Who could give life to bones that have [And so] he says, “Who could give life to bones that have
crumbled to dust?”crumbled to dust?”
((Qur’an: Ya Seen: 77: 78)Qur’an: Ya Seen: 77: 78)
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““Why do not the believing men and women, whenever such Why do not the believing men and women, whenever such
[a rumour] is heard, think the best of one another and say, [a rumour] is heard, think the best of one another and say,
“This is an obvious falsehood”?“This is an obvious falsehood”?
why do they not [demand of the accusers that they] bring why do they not [demand of the accusers that they] bring
[prove of] their allegation? for, if they do not produce four [prove of] their allegation? for, if they do not produce four
such witnesses, it is those [accusers] who, in the sight of such witnesses, it is those [accusers] who, in the sight of
Allah, are liars indeed!”Allah, are liars indeed!”
((Qur’an: Nur : 24: 12-13)Qur’an: Nur : 24: 12-13)
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Man has a tendency to readily accept an idea or a belief that was
accepted by past generations, without giving it any further thought.
Allah s.w.t. in the Holy Qur'an, reminds people that they should
have independent thinking and should not accept anything without
judging it carefully, simply because it was accepted by others in the
past.
Thus:
4. Traditional thinking and looking to the past
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"But when they are told, "Follow what Allah has "But when they are told, "Follow what Allah has
revealed" some answers, "Nay, we shall follow (only) that revealed" some answers, "Nay, we shall follow (only) that
which we found our forefathers believe in and did." which we found our forefathers believe in and did."
What! What! even though their forefathers did not understand even though their forefathers did not understand
anything and had no guidanceanything and had no guidance?“?“
((Qur’an : Baqarah 2 :170Qur’an : Baqarah 2 :170) )
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4. Traditional thinking and looking to the past
In spite of advancement in education, yet when it concerns
religious beliefs and practices, many people tend to blindly imitate
or follow whatever their forefathers may have passed on for them.
When new and verifiable evidence are offered, they refuse to even
consider them but rely only on this blind fanaticism.
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ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
This does not therefore mean we reject “TRADITIONS”, like the
group advocating post-modernism and ‘liberal ’ tendencies are
promoting. They wish to present a truncated version of ‘truth’ by
ignoring the past.
By denying the validity of truth as embedded within the continuous
and valid historical legacy of true scholars, they hope to usurp and
hijack the Islamic discourse replacing it only with their ‘newly ’
enlightened liberal ideas - by simplistically branding all earlier
scholars’ views as ‘backward’, hiding all the valid arguments already
established.All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)
ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
“ “(Honour) My successors, may Allah s.w.t. be Merciful towards them!.” He was (Honour) My successors, may Allah s.w.t. be Merciful towards them!.” He was
asked: “Who are your successors O Messenger of Allah?” And he said: “They asked: “Who are your successors O Messenger of Allah?” And he said: “They
are those are those who revive my Sunnah and teaches them who revive my Sunnah and teaches them to the servants of Allah.”to the servants of Allah.”
((Hadith of the Prophet s.a.wHadith of the Prophet s.a.w.).)
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ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
““He is He is not from my Ummah not from my Ummah (community),(community),
One who do not respect our elders, orOne who do not respect our elders, or
One who is not merciful (kind) to our young, and One who is not merciful (kind) to our young, and
one who do not know (and respect the rights of) one who do not know (and respect the rights of)
our our ‘Ulama’ ‘Ulama’ (Islamic scholars).”(Islamic scholars).”
((Hadith of our Prophet s.a.w. Reported by TabranyHadith of our Prophet s.a.w. Reported by Tabrany))
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All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)
5. Cult of personality
In this last era, another cause of wrong thinking is the cult of
personality.
Because of the great respect in which certain people are held, some
of the celebrated historical and contemporary personalities
influence the thinking and the will of others. Some famous /
infamous personalities have been known to control the thinking of
others such that these people think and have the same opinion as
they.
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5. Cult of personality
Other people do not dare differ from the (so-called) great people
and so lose their independence of thought and will.
Allah s.w.t. calls upon people to think independently and not to
follow their elders and other influential personalities blindly. They,
the misguided and heedless people will regret them on Judgement
Day:
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"And they will say (in the Hereafter) : “O our Lord! Behold! We
(obeyed) paid heed unto our leaders and great men, and it is
they who have led us astray from the right path!”
(Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 67)
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
‘‘Cult of personality’ - It is when a person is being followed, obeyed Cult of personality’ - It is when a person is being followed, obeyed
or imitated unconditionally, i.e. without him needing to provide or imitated unconditionally, i.e. without him needing to provide
any authoritative basis or verifiable knowledge; – relying only upon any authoritative basis or verifiable knowledge; – relying only upon
his charisma, power, charm, popularity or whatever factor he his charisma, power, charm, popularity or whatever factor he
possesses, which held people to be in awe or captivated by him – possesses, which held people to be in awe or captivated by him –
but devoid of any rationale proof, true knowledge or in accordance but devoid of any rationale proof, true knowledge or in accordance
with certain reasonable criteriawith certain reasonable criteria..
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
Prophets (a.s.) and all Islamic scholars who are true heirs of the Prophets (a.s.) and all Islamic scholars who are true heirs of the
prophets (prophets (WARATHATUL-ANBIYAWARATHATUL-ANBIYA), such as those proven scholars of ), such as those proven scholars of
Islam (e.g. Islam (e.g. A-immah mujtahidunA-immah mujtahidun, , Hujjatul Islam Abu Hamid al-Hujjatul Islam Abu Hamid al-
Ghazali, Imam An-Nawaawi Ghazali, Imam An-Nawaawi and and Qutb al-Irshad Habib ‘Abdillah Al-Qutb al-Irshad Habib ‘Abdillah Al-
HaddadHaddad, and our , and our ‘Ulama‘Ulama in the Nusantara that follow them in the Nusantara that follow them
faithfully – may Allah bless their souls and elevate their ranks), do faithfully – may Allah bless their souls and elevate their ranks), do
not fall into this category of cult.not fall into this category of cult.
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
Their works have been Their works have been continuously studied, checked, discussed continuously studied, checked, discussed
and disseminated through generations of Islamic scholars up till the and disseminated through generations of Islamic scholars up till the
present;present; and the classical original texts are still available to be and the classical original texts are still available to be
referred to.referred to.
This This cross-referencing and scrutiny cross-referencing and scrutiny by fellow scholars, ensures the by fellow scholars, ensures the
faithful transmission, and the learning process would inevitably faithful transmission, and the learning process would inevitably
trained Muslims to verify whatever they are taught.trained Muslims to verify whatever they are taught.
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
Yet, in the present age, we need to be cautious of pseudo-scholars who Yet, in the present age, we need to be cautious of pseudo-scholars who
may use religion to start a cult-following. Devoid of knowledge (may use religion to start a cult-following. Devoid of knowledge ( JAHIL JAHIL ), ),
they would attract followings only through a display of outward ‘they would attract followings only through a display of outward ‘pietypiety’ ’
or ‘or ‘holinessholiness’ as though these are sufficient and valid credentials to ’ as though these are sufficient and valid credentials to
prove that they are learned and thus by this method, they manipulate prove that they are learned and thus by this method, they manipulate
obedience of their followers. Unfortunately, many followers of cult are obedience of their followers. Unfortunately, many followers of cult are
themselves ignorant, devoid of criterion, attracted only to charms and themselves ignorant, devoid of criterion, attracted only to charms and
charisma. It is only those truly learned, that can detect the ignorance.charisma. It is only those truly learned, that can detect the ignorance.
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
One tell-tale sign of cult is that the ‘teacher’ would strictly forbid One tell-tale sign of cult is that the ‘teacher’ would strictly forbid
their students/followers from asking him questions (which he fear their students/followers from asking him questions (which he fear
would expose his own ignorance); or forbid them from learning or would expose his own ignorance); or forbid them from learning or
consulting with other Islamic scholars and teachers of the consulting with other Islamic scholars and teachers of the DeenDeen. .
Traditionally, Islamic scholars requires an ‘Traditionally, Islamic scholars requires an ‘ijazahijazah’ (permission) from ’ (permission) from
his teacher or established Islamic scholars before he can teach (not his teacher or established Islamic scholars before he can teach (not
mere self-reading or paper qualifications certificates). mere self-reading or paper qualifications certificates).
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
As in most profession, he must have the permission of qualified Islamic As in most profession, he must have the permission of qualified Islamic
scholar or scholars of standing ( scholar or scholars of standing ( from the community of practitioners from the community of practitioners ). ).
And whatever his teachings, it can and be open to being scrutinised.And whatever his teachings, it can and be open to being scrutinised.
Therefore, to know who his past (and perhaps, present) teachers, is very Therefore, to know who his past (and perhaps, present) teachers, is very
important – not merely knowing which school, university or faceless important – not merely knowing which school, university or faceless
organization he claims to be from. With this, even his character, moral organization he claims to be from. With this, even his character, moral
standings and competency can be cross-referenced with other known standings and competency can be cross-referenced with other known
scholars who may be his colleagues under the same teacher.scholars who may be his colleagues under the same teacher.
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
And learning in Islam must be “And learning in Islam must be “TALAQQITALAQQI” (face-to-face), student-” (face-to-face), student-
teacher in sessions (class or teacher in sessions (class or halaqahhalaqah), and preferably being under ), and preferably being under
mentoring, for a duration under a living teacher – from which the mentoring, for a duration under a living teacher – from which the
Islamic teacher’s Islamic teacher’s ““ijazahijazah” ” is then given. This ensures “is then given. This ensures “Sanad Sanad ” ”
(chain of transmission) and of the blessings of knowledge is kept.(chain of transmission) and of the blessings of knowledge is kept.
From traditional Islamic perspective, viewing videos, mere reading From traditional Islamic perspective, viewing videos, mere reading
from books, or watching on ‘YouTube’, does not yet qualify one to from books, or watching on ‘YouTube’, does not yet qualify one to
be regarded as the student of the particular scholar.be regarded as the student of the particular scholar.
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
““An immoral man of learning is a great evil, An immoral man of learning is a great evil,
yet greater evil is an ignoramus (yet greater evil is an ignoramus (jaahilunjaahilun) leading ) leading
a ‘godly pious’ life (a ‘godly pious’ life (mutanassikmutanassik). ).
Both are a great trial everywhere, Both are a great trial everywhere,
to whomsoever (wishing to) cling to his to whomsoever (wishing to) cling to his
religion (by having to follow people like them).”religion (by having to follow people like them).”
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
Most important today is that, those who are not Muslims, cannot be Most important today is that, those who are not Muslims, cannot be
regarded as our regarded as our ‘Ulama ‘Ulama (Islamic scholars), no matter how much he (Islamic scholars), no matter how much he
may have learnt or have ‘taught’ Islamic studies. may have learnt or have ‘taught’ Islamic studies.
Although we may benefit from some of their research and learning, Although we may benefit from some of their research and learning,
yet we have to be very discerning and careful in deriving any Islamic yet we have to be very discerning and careful in deriving any Islamic
knowledge or information from them. We need to rely upon our knowledge or information from them. We need to rely upon our
Islamic Islamic ‘Ulama , ‘Ulama , and constantly check whatever input they may and constantly check whatever input they may
disseminate.disseminate.
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
““O ye who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger O ye who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger
and (and (ULIL-’AMRI MINKUMULIL-’AMRI MINKUM) those charged with authority ) those charged with authority
among youamong you. If ye differ in anything among yourselves, . If ye differ in anything among yourselves,
refer it to Allah and His Messenger if ye do believe in refer it to Allah and His Messenger if ye do believe in
Allah and the Last Day: that is best, and most suitable Allah and the Last Day: that is best, and most suitable
for final determination.”for final determination.”
((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 59Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 59))
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
“ “Nor should the Nor should the BelieversBelievers all go forth together: if a all go forth together: if a
contingent from every expedition remained behind, contingent from every expedition remained behind,
they could devote themselves to studies in religion they could devote themselves to studies in religion
((FAQ-QIH FID-DEENFAQ-QIH FID-DEEN) and admonish the people when ) and admonish the people when
they return to them ― that thus they (may learn) to they return to them ― that thus they (may learn) to
guard themselves (against evil).”guard themselves (against evil).”
((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 122Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 122))
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
““O ye who believe! O ye who believe! Take not Take not into your intimacy (into your intimacy (bibitwtwaa-nahaa-nah**) )
those outside your ranksthose outside your ranks; they will not fail to corrupt you. ; they will not fail to corrupt you.
They only desire your ruin: rank hatred has already appeared They only desire your ruin: rank hatred has already appeared
from their mouths; what their hearts conceal is far worse. We from their mouths; what their hearts conceal is far worse. We
have made plain to you the Signs, if ye have wisdom. have made plain to you the Signs, if ye have wisdom.
((Qur’an : Aali’Imran: 3:118Qur’an : Aali’Imran: 3:118))
*bitwaa-nah : advisors, consultants, protectors, intimate friends, helpers ...
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
““For, never will the Jews be pleased with thee. nor yet the For, never will the Jews be pleased with thee. nor yet the
Christians, unless thou follow their own creeds (Faiths).”Christians, unless thou follow their own creeds (Faiths).”
((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 120Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 120) )
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
““If anyone contends with the Messenger even after If anyone contends with the Messenger even after
guidance has been plainly conveyed to him, and guidance has been plainly conveyed to him, and follows follows
a path other than that becoming to men to Faitha path other than that becoming to men to Faith, We , We
shall leave him in the path he has chosen, and land him shall leave him in the path he has chosen, and land him
in Hell, what an evil refuge.” in Hell, what an evil refuge.”
((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 115)Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 115)
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – ADDITIONAL CLARIFICATION
Imam Imam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rh.a) advices and warns us Muslims:(rh.a) advices and warns us Muslims:
””Verily this is knowledge (contains the rules) of the DEEN (Religion), Verily this is knowledge (contains the rules) of the DEEN (Religion),
so look thoroughly into the person from whom so look thoroughly into the person from whom
you acquire (the knowledge of) your DEEN Religion.”you acquire (the knowledge of) your DEEN Religion.”
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EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”
All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)
EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”
TEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATIONTEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATION
When we speak of learning and education in Islam, the role of the When we speak of learning and education in Islam, the role of the
learned scholar – learned scholar – MU’ALLIMMU’ALLIM, the , the USTAZUSTAZ (teacher) whose capacity is also (teacher) whose capacity is also
as a as a MU-ADDIB MU-ADDIB (Educator) who provides (Educator) who provides IRSHADAHIRSHADAH (spiritual guidance) (spiritual guidance)
etc., cannot be overlooked. etc., cannot be overlooked.
Remember, the Remember, the ‘ULAMA ‘ULAMA is an ‘institution’ within the persons or the is an ‘institution’ within the persons or the
personalities - and cannot be ‘hijacked’ by the corporate people as personalities - and cannot be ‘hijacked’ by the corporate people as
though to refer to organizations, bodies, schools etc.though to refer to organizations, bodies, schools etc.
RELEVANT
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EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”
TEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATIONTEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATION
The proper development of Islamic teachers : with the correct belief, The proper development of Islamic teachers : with the correct belief,
worldview, passion and committed to worldview, passion and committed to DA’WAHDA’WAH, who understand the , who understand the
AMANAHAMANAH (Trust) which they are supposed to be shouldering, constantly (Trust) which they are supposed to be shouldering, constantly
vigilant regarding the challenges to the vigilant regarding the challenges to the UMMAHUMMAH etc. - is the most vital etc. - is the most vital
consideration.consideration.
Without this factor – the teachers, their training and their development Without this factor – the teachers, their training and their development
- it is rather useless to speak of any curriculum.- it is rather useless to speak of any curriculum.
RELEVANT
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EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”
TEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATIONTEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATION
Unfortunately today, certain people’s obsession with only producing Unfortunately today, certain people’s obsession with only producing
texts, experimenting with educational aids and latest in information texts, experimenting with educational aids and latest in information
technology , overawed by other system of learning, that they technology , overawed by other system of learning, that they
inadvertently ignored the difference in the Islamic educational inadvertently ignored the difference in the Islamic educational
philosophy, the aims, approach and objective etc. until Muslims are philosophy, the aims, approach and objective etc. until Muslims are
learning ‘Islam’ merely as subjects, rather than subjecting themselves learning ‘Islam’ merely as subjects, rather than subjecting themselves
to ‘Islam’.to ‘Islam’.
RELEVANT
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EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”
TEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATIONTEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATION
Thus, the tendency towards teaching Thus, the tendency towards teaching FIQHFIQH as subjects to be taught as subjects to be taught
according to whatever text / books popularly chosen may be according to whatever text / books popularly chosen may be
predominant. And given that most of these books were written as predominant. And given that most of these books were written as
reference manual on reference manual on FIQHFIQH, the class should rather focus on students , the class should rather focus on students
understanding, inculcating the appreciation of how relevant these understanding, inculcating the appreciation of how relevant these
rulings are to Muslims in life. rulings are to Muslims in life.
Therefore this depends much upon who is teaching Therefore this depends much upon who is teaching FIQHFIQH..
RELEVANT
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EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”RELEVANT
CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENTCHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT
It must be noted that today, with the availability of easy access to It must be noted that today, with the availability of easy access to
books and information on the internet; with greater reliance to self-books and information on the internet; with greater reliance to self-
study rather than undergoing right tutelage under the guidance of study rather than undergoing right tutelage under the guidance of
competent teachers; with the proliferations of ideologies of groups competent teachers; with the proliferations of ideologies of groups
promoting unknown agendas in the name of Islam; - Muslims being promoting unknown agendas in the name of Islam; - Muslims being
deprived of a competent teacher’s guidance in deprived of a competent teacher’s guidance in FIQHFIQH should be a very should be a very
grave concern - indeed.grave concern - indeed.
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EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”RELEVANT
CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENTCHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT
Indeed it is alarming, with people entering discourses and meddling in Indeed it is alarming, with people entering discourses and meddling in
Islam beyond their competency (by Muslims and even non-Muslims), Islam beyond their competency (by Muslims and even non-Muslims),
and compounded by the relative ignorance of general Muslims and compounded by the relative ignorance of general Muslims
regarding their own basics knowledge of their regarding their own basics knowledge of their DEENDEEN. .
Especially when this involves specialized fields and subjects, for which Especially when this involves specialized fields and subjects, for which
they do not have any authority to be giving their opinion to the public.they do not have any authority to be giving their opinion to the public.
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EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”RELEVANT
CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENTCHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT
Can any one claim the right to be involved in giving or engaging in Can any one claim the right to be involved in giving or engaging in
serious discourse in other specialised fields like medicine or serious discourse in other specialised fields like medicine or
engineering without adequate knowledge? engineering without adequate knowledge?
Or even if one knows something about draughtsmanship or have Or even if one knows something about draughtsmanship or have
read medical journals, without the proper training and approval of read medical journals, without the proper training and approval of
the true practitioners in their respective fields, messing in these the true practitioners in their respective fields, messing in these
would be deemed a crime – wouldn’t it?would be deemed a crime – wouldn’t it?
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EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”EXCERPTS FROM “Introduction to the Approach to Study FIQH”
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TA’RUF – RELEVANT INFORMATION REGARDING MYSELF ….
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““The best ones amongst you is the person who makes The best ones amongst you is the person who makes
you remember Allah when you look upon him; you remember Allah when you look upon him;
and whenever he speaks it increases you your and whenever he speaks it increases you your
knowledge (of the Deen), and with his deeds it knowledge (of the Deen), and with his deeds it
inspires (motivates) you to strive for your Hereafter.”inspires (motivates) you to strive for your Hereafter.”
((Hadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.aHadith reported by Hakim from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a.).)
KUTTABKAK IJUM (NEK HAJI)- @ MINTO ROAD, JALAN SULTANSHEIKH ABU BAKAR BAHASWAN (QUR’AN)
ADAB - FARDHU ‘AIN – RATIB AL-HADDAD – AKHLAQ (FAMILY-BASED)
ADULT – FARDHU ‘AIN (PERDAUS) @ MADRASAH ALSAGOFFUSTAZ OSMAN JANTANUSTAZ HAFI HAKIM
FIQH AS-SUNNAH – (USTAZ WAN SALLEH – YA’COOB ELIAS)
TAUHEED – (USTAZ MAKTOOM – BUYA MALIK AHMAD)
DA’WAH-SIYAASAH – (USTAZ ISMAIL BAHRUM – DR. BURHANUDDIN AL-HELMY)
HALAQAH (MOSQUE)USTAZ MUHAMMAD B. ABDULLAH B. SALIM BIN DIAB (FIQH)KIYAI HAJI SHUKUR (TASAWWUF)HABIB SALIM AL-ATTAS (MASJID BA-’ALAWIE)
MENTORED (HOME)USTAZ SA’ID BIN MUHAMMAD BIN MUHD SA’IDUSTAZ GHAFUR*USTAZ MUHAMMAD BIN MUHAMMAD SA’ID BIN ARSHAD SEMARANG – ( *SON OF FOUNDER OF MADRASAH AS-SIBYAN)USTAZ HAJI DAWOOD BIN HAJI NASIR
USRAH
AL-MANAR (AFGHANI –ABDUH – RASHID REDHA)IKHWANUL MUSLIMUN (HASSAN AL-BANNA – SAYYID SABIQ – ALGHAZZALI)PERSATUAN ISLAM – MUHAMMADIYYAH – AL-IRSHAD – NAHDATUL ‘ULAMATABLIGH – PERIPENSIS - HIMPUNAN BELIA ISLAM – JAM’IYYAH – DARUL ARQAM
MOREMORE
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(1982) when the main resource teacher (Ustaz) for Muslim converts
then, Allahyarham Cikgu Hj Zaini Hj Ahmad became indisposed due
to ill-health, I was interviewed by the then Singapore second Mufti
Syed Esa bin Semait and Allahyarham Ustaz Syed ‘Abdillah bin
Ahmad al-Jufri, was granted permission and appointed by them to
be the Ustaz to replace his role. I was also appointed as one of the
Registrar for conversion of new Muslims.
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WHILE SERVING IN DARUL ARQAM (1991-1997)
MOULAVI BABU SAHIBSHEIKH AHMAD DEEDATDR. JAMAL BADAWIDR.GARY MILLERAHMED VON DENFERMOULANA IMRAN HOESEIINDR. BILAL PHILLIPSDR. MAURICE BUCCAILLEDR. AHMAD SAKRHJ. A. KARIM GERALD D’CRUZKIYAI DRS. MUCHTAR ADAMUSTAZ HUSSEIN SHAHAB
... AND MANY OTHER VISITING SCHOLARS.
WHILE SERVING IN PERGAS (1997-2004)
USTAZ HJ. ABU BAKAR HASHIMUSTAZ SYED ‘ABDILLAH AL-JUFRI
USTAZ AHMAD SONHADJI MUHAMMADUSTAZ SALLIM JASMAN
USTAZ SYED HASSAN AL-BAHAR... AND MANY OTHER ASAATIZAH.
ISTAC-PERGAS SEMINAR (2000)
PROF. SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS PROF. WAN MOHD NOR WAN DAUDPROF. ALA-EDDIN KHAROUFAPROF, MALIK BADRIPROF. ABDUL RAHIM MUDDATHIRPROF. AMIR ROUBA-’IEPROF. FERID MUHICPROF. AHMAD MUSAVI KAZEMIPROF. CEMIL AKDOĞANPROF. HASSAN EL-NAGARDR. MUHAMMAD ZAINIY UTHMANDR. BURHANUDDIN AHMADDR. WAN AZHARDR. UGI SUHARTODR. ADI SETIADR. FARID SAHRAN
OTHERSUNABLE TO LIST MANY MORE ISLAMIC SCHOLARS, TEACHERS, ACADEMICIANS, ELDERS, ETC. WHICH I HAD PERSONALLY MET, LEARNT AND BENEFITTED ROM THEIR WISDOM AND ADVICES
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)) Summary of teachers
5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – SO LET US MAKE DU’A TO ALLAH S.W.T.SO LET US MAKE DU’A TO ALLAH S.W.T.
"ALLAA-HUM-MA ARINAL-HAQ-QA - HAQ-QA , "ALLAA-HUM-MA ARINAL-HAQ-QA - HAQ-QA ,
WAR-ZUQ-NAT –TIBAA - ’A-WAR-ZUQ-NAT –TIBAA - ’A-
WA-ARINAL – BAA-WA-ARINAL – BAA-TWTWI-LA BAA-I-LA BAA-TWTWILA , ILA ,
WAR-ZUQ-NAJ- TI-NAA-BA”WAR-ZUQ-NAJ- TI-NAA-BA”
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5. What is meant by “Cult of personality”? – SO LET US MAKE DU’A TO ALLAH S.W.T.SO LET US MAKE DU’A TO ALLAH S.W.T.
““O Allah! Make us to see truth as true O Allah! Make us to see truth as true
and grant us the ability to follow it;and grant us the ability to follow it;
And make us to see falsehood as false And make us to see falsehood as false
and make us able to reject it.”and make us able to reject it.”TO BE CONTINUED ... INSHA-ALLAH
TO BE CONTINUED ... INSHA-ALLAH
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http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/
All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:
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