Some of the applications of Photonic Crystals (by no means a
complete overview)Prof. Maksim Skorobogatiy
École Polytechnique de Montréal
Hollow planar waveguides, resonators
Planar antiresonant reflecting optical (ARROW) waveguides, SiN/SiO2 (2.1/1.46)
D. Yin et al. 14 June 2004 / Vol. 12, No. 12 / OPTICS EXPRESS 2710
dc~3.7m
12m
Capillary1 layer
2 layers3 layers
Sensor applications - putting the light where the analyte (gas) is
Tunable multichannel optical filter based on silicon photonic band gap materials actuation
Y. Yi Et Al., Applied Physics Letters Volume 81, Number 22 25 November 2002
Si
SiO2Tuneable air gap
Membrane
PBG
Excitation of a defect mode in the air gap
Elastic deformation of a membrane by applying voltage
Coupling to PC components from conventional WG and fibers
Coupling to photonic crystals from conventional WG and fibers
Evanescent field coupling
Fiber mode
PCWG mode
TM-like gap
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
freq
uenc
y (c
/a)
even (TE-like) bandsodd (TM-like) bands
X M
( = 12, r=0.2 a, h=2 a)
Evanescent field, and direct coupling, fiber - PCWG
Extended field coupling, external beam - PCWG light cone
Extended field coupling
External focused beam
Direct coupling
Fiber mode PCWG mode
Adiabatic theorem and continuous coupled-mode theory for efficient taper transitions in photonic crystals
S.G. Johnson et al. PHYSICAL REVIEW E 66, 066608 2002
Butt coupled waveguide and a 2D Pxtal
Wrong taper, tapered PC mirror has a PBG at the WG transmission frequency
Correct taper, an“unzipping” PC Mirror
Design of photonic crystal waveguides for evanescent coupling to optical fiber tapers and integration with
high-Q cavities
Barclay et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B/Vol. 20, No. 11/November 2003
Point where fiber mode is phase matched with a PC WG mode
Coupling between a point-defect cavity and a line-defect waveguide in three-dimensional photonic crystal
M. Okano et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW B 68, 235110 ~2003!
Line defect (removed rod) and a point defect are designed to operate at a common frequency of interest
Position of a waveguide has to be chosen accordingly as to guarantee a high quality factor of the WG – resonator system
Anomalous PC Refraction
Ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter with a hybrid photonic crystal and conventional waveguide structure
S. Kim et al., OPTICS LETTERS / Vol. 28, No. 23 / December 1, 2003
Ez(TM)No phase matching between an incident WG mode and an extended PC mode.
Hz(TE)Incident WG mode is phase matched to an an extended PC mode + Brewster angle
Constant frequency contours
kin
kparallel
Aperiodic nanophotonic design - do we really need a PC to stay cool
I.L. Gheorma Et Al., Journal Of Applied Physics Volume 95, Number 3 1 February 2004
PC’s can be designed to refract the beam in a complex way
Aperiodically positioned scatterers can do the same job even better
Resonant leaky modes above the cladding light line. Lasing.
TE-like gap
even (TE-like) bandsodd (TM-like) bands
M K
( = 12, r=0.3 a, h=0.5 a)
light cone
Resonant leaky modes above the light line
Truly guided modes below the light line
Waveguide tapers and waveguide bends in AlGaAs-based two-dimensional photonic crystals (e-beam)
Dinu et al. Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 83, No. 22, 1 December 2003
core=3.4
2m
theoryexp
quantum dot with a broad band emission
HeNe Propagation in resonant modes above the light line
exp theory
PBG
Laser action from two-dimensional distributed feedback in photonic crystals
(laser dye in organic layer, core)
(cladding)
M. Meier et al., Applied Physics Letters Volume 74, Number 1 4 January 1999
Symmetry points of zero group velocity due to band splitting. Standing waves -distributed feed back lasing
Two guided modes in a slab
Lasing at M point
light cone
Evidence for bandedge lasing in a two-dimensional photonic bandgap polymer laser
N. Moll Et Al., Applied Physics Letters Volume 80, Number 5 4 February 2002
TE
TM
(organic gain media, core)
clad
resonant leaky modes above the light line
Slow Light
Two-dimensional coupled photonic crystal resonator arrays
H. Altug and J. Vuckovic, Applied Physics Letters, Volume 84, Number 2 12 January 2004
Very flat bands - considerably reduced group velocity for all directions.Application in optical delay lines, low-treshold lasers, non-linear phenomena.