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Chapter 9 Section 1
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Explain why and how organisms are classified
List the 8 levels of classification
Explain scientific names
Describe how dichotomous keys help inclassifying organisms
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Organization into categories
Orderly groups based on similar characteristics
http://texaseducator.com/family/jbouyer/lessons/Science/askew/mycourses/diverse.gif
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Usefulness categories (ex: plants that grow inBolivia)
Living and extinct organisms
Group organisms by the characteristics they
share
Helps to answer important questions…
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How many known species are there? (~10million)
What are the defining characteristics of eachspecies?
What are the relationships between thesespecies?
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Before the 1600’s: 2 groups – plants & animals
1700’s Carolus Linnaeus founded moderntaxonomy
Taxonomy: the science of describing,
classifying, and naming living things
Linnaeus classified according to shape &structure
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Several characteristics are listed along a linethat points to the right
Each characteristic is shared by the animals to
the right of it
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/Biologicaldiverstity/Classification/cladogram_1.gif
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Domain (3 main domains)
Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea
Kingdom
Phylum Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Closely related and can make and produce fertileoffspring
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Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Mammalia
Order – Carnivora
Family – Felidae
Genus – Felis
Species – Felis domesticus
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2 part names: Tyrannosaurus rex
1st name is genus: Tyrannosaurus
Capitalize
Italicize
2nd name is species: rex
Not capitalized
*Names are Latin or Greek
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Special guide to help scientists identifyorganisms
Sequential pairs of descriptive statements
Only alternative responses for each statement
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http://lucidcentral.cbit.uq.edu.au/keys/images/dichotomous.gif
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We are still discovering and classifying neworganisms
Check out some statistics:http://www.wri.org/publication/content/8202
Ex: 1995 Symbion pandora found living on lobster lips!Did not fit into an existing phylum. Therefore, createda new phylum: S. pandora
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Why do scientists classify animals?
What is the basis of modern classification
systems?