SGS (Thailand) Limited 100 Nanglinchee Road, Chongnonsee Yannawa Bangkok 10120 t (66-2) 678.18.13 f (66-2) 678.15.41 www.th.sgs.com
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring
in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
1. Introduction
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus has assigned SGS (Thailand)
Limited to conducted surface water and wastewater quality monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
The sampling is operated on 14th March 2014. The details of these monitoring are as below.
2. Scope of the Monitoring
2.1 Stations and Parameters
The details of stations and parameters of surface water and wastewater quality in
Chiangmai, Thailand are shown in Table 3.1-1
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
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Table 2.1-1 Parameters and stations for surface water and wastewater quality
in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Sampling Date Frequency Locations Parameters
14/03/2014
3 times / day
Mae Kha-before run into Mae Ping -Temperature
- pH
- Dissolved Oxygen
- Biochemical Oxygen
demand
- Chemical Oxygen demand
- Phosphate (PO3-
)
- Nitrate
- Nitrite
- Total coliform bacteria
- Fecal coliform bacteria
Kanchanapisek Public Park
Rattanakosin Bridge
1 time / day Discharge from Maharaj hospital’s wastewater treatment system
2.2 Sampling and Analytical Methods
Surface Water will be sampling follow best international practices such as prescribed
in Government of Western Australia “Field sampling guidelines : A guideline for field sampling for
surface water quality monitoring programs quality monitoring, January 2009. The analytical methods
followed to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, recommended by
APHA-AWWA-WEF.
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
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3. Reference Standards
The reference surface water and wastewater standards are established in the Thailand surface
water and wastewater standard regulations as follows:
1) Regulation of Royal Irrigation Department No.883/2532 : Protection and revision of
discharge which low quality into irrigation stream and other connected runoff in the
area of irrigation project, December 19, 1989.
2) Notification of the National Environmental Comittee, Issue No.8 (2537) Surface water
quality standards regulation.
3) Notification of Ministry of National resource and environment, Discharge water from
municipal wastewater treatment system quality standards regulation (2553).
4. Results of Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring
Surface water and wastewater quality monitoring was conducted at 4 stations in Chiangmai,
Thailand on 14th March 2014. The details of stations and sample test results
are shown in Table 5.1-1.
Mae Kha-before run into Mae Ping
This station was taken surface water sample for 3 times a day. The temperature
were in the range of 24.3-27.3 degree celcius, pH were in the range of 7.14-7.31, Dissolved oxygen were in
the range of 4.0-5.4 mg/l, BOD were in the range of 17.0-62.0 mg/l, COD were in the range of 64.0-108.0
mg/l, Phosphate were in the range of 0.49-2.97 mg/l, Nitrate were in the range of 0.58-1.02 mg/l, Nitrite
were less than 0.02 mg/l all 3 times, Total Coliform Bacteria and Fecal Coliform Bacteria were exceed the
standards all 3 times and they were in very high value form the standards.
Kanchanapisek Public Park
This station was taken surface water sample for 3 times a day. The temperature
were in the range of 24.7-29.6 degree celcius, pH were in the range of 6.77-7.20, Dissolved oxygen were in
the range of 1.8-3.1 mg/l, BOD were in the range of 58.0-118.0 mg/l, COD were in the range of 104-198
mg/l, Phosphate were in the range of 0.41-3.45 mg/l, Nitrate were in the range of 0.66-1.01 mg/l, Nitrite
were less than 0.02 mg/l all 3 times, Total Coliform Bacteria and Fecal Coliform Bacteria were exceed the
standards all 3 times and they were in very high value form the standards.
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
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Rattanakosin Bridge
This station was taken surface water sample for 3 times a day. The temperature
were in the range of 22.8-27.4 degree celcius, pH were in the range of 7.18-7.45, Dissolved oxygen were in
the range of 1.2-2.9 mg/l, BOD were in the range of 47.0-70.0 mg/l, COD were in the range of 77.0-99.0
mg/l, Phosphate were in the range of 1.81-2.05 mg/l, Nitrate were in the range of 1.23-1.94 mg/l, Nitrite
were less than 0.02 mg/l all 3 times, Total Coliform Bacteria and Fecal Coliform Bacteria were exceed the
standards all 3 times and they were in very high value form the standards.
Discharge from Maharaj hospital’s wastewater treatment system
This station was taken surface water sample for 1 times a day. The temperature
was 28.7 degree celcius, pH is 6.74, Dissolved oxygen was 1.4 mg/l, BOD was 74.0 mg/l, COD was 133 mg/l,
Phosphate was 4.28 mg/l, Nitrate was 0.81 mg/l, Nitritewas less than 0.02 mg/l, Total Coliform Bacteria and
Fecal Coliform Bacteria were exceed the standards and they were in very high value form the standards.
When comparing the results of all 4 stations with the standards, it was found that
most the results was complied with the standards except in some parameters such as DO and BOD
which exceed some standards (depend on classification of water sample source).
Total Coliform Bacteria and Fecal Coliform Bacteria which exceed all standards.
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
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Table 4-1 The results of water quality monitoring at Mae Kha-before run into Mae Ping on 14th March 2014.
Parameters Units LOQ
Results Standards
05:00 11:05 17:00 Irrigation1/ Surface water2/
Treated3/
1 2 3 4 5
Temperature oC - 24.3 27.1 27.3 N N N’ N’ N’ - -
pH - - 7.25 7.14 7.31 6.5-8.5 N 5.0-9.0 5.0-9.0 5.0-9.0 - 5.5-9.0
Dissolved Oxygen mg/l - 5.4 4.0 4.5 - N ≮6.0 ≮4.0 ≮2.0 - -
BOD mg/l 0.1 17.0 62.0 62.0 20.0 N 1.5 5.0 4.0 - 20.0
COD mg/l 10.0 64.0 108 97.0 - N - - - - -
Phosphate (PO3-) mg/l 0.03 0.496 2.30 2.97 - N - - - - -
NO3-N (Nitrate) mg/l 0.02 0.58 1.02 0.68 - N 5.0 5.0 5.0 - -
NO2-N (Nitrite) mg/l 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 - N - - - - -
Total coliform bacteria
MPN/ 100ml
- 540,000 540,000 540,000 - - 5,000 20,000 - - -
Fecal coliform bacteria
MPN/ 100ml
- 350,000 350,000 350,000 - - 1,000 4,000 - - -
Remarks : - Analysis Methods followed to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, recommended by APHA-AWWA-WEF.
- LOQ = Limit of Quantitation - N: As Natural - N’:Temperature not different from natural over 3 degreeCelcius - ≮: Not less than - M : Million Sources :
1/ Regulation of Royal Irrigation Department No.883/2532 : Protection and revision of discharge which low quality into irrigation stream and other connected runoff in the area of irrigation project, December 19, 1989
2/
Notification of the National Environmental Comittee, Issue No.8 (2537) Surface water quality standards regulation.
3/ Notification of Ministry of National resource and environment, Discharge water from municipal wastewater treatment system quality standards regulation (2553)
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
-6-
Table 4-2 The results of water quality monitoring at Kanchanapisek Public Park on 14th March 2014.
Parameters Units LOQ
Results Standards
05:35 11:35 15:30 Irrigation1/ Surface water2/
Treated3/
1 2 3 4 5
Temperature oC - 24.7 27.6 29.6 N N N’ N’ N’ - -
pH - - 7.20 6.77 6.88 6.5-8.5 N 5.0-9.0 5.0-9.0 5.0-9.0 - 5.5-9.0
Dissolved Oxygen mg/l - 1.8 3.1 2.0 - N ≮6.0 ≮4.0 ≮2.0 - -
BOD mg/l 0.1 118 75.0 58.0 20.0 N 1.5 5.0 4.0 - 20.0
COD mg/l 10.0 198 104 105 - N - - - - -
Phosphate (PO3-) mg/l 0.03 3.45 0.41 1.07 - N - - - - -
NO3-N (Nitrate) mg/l 0.02 1.01 0.98 0.66 - N 5.0 5.0 5.0 - -
NO2-N (Nitrite) mg/l 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 - N - - - - -
Total coliform bacteria
MPN/ 100ml
- > 1.6 M. > 1.6 M > 1.6 M - - 5,000 20,000 - - -
Fecal coliform bacteria
MPN/ 100ml
- > 1.6 M. 1.6 M 350,000 - - 1,000 4,000 - - -
Remarks : - Analysis Methods followed to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, recommended by APHA-AWWA-WEF.
- LOQ = Limit of Quantitation - N: As Natural - N’:Temperature not different from natural over 3 degreeCelcius - ≮: Not less than - M : Million Sources :
1/ Regulation of Royal Irrigation Department No.883/2532 : Protection and revision of discharge which low quality into irrigation stream and other connected runoff in the area of irrigation project, December 19, 1989
2/
Notification of the National Environmental Comittee, Issue No.8 (2537) Surface water quality standards regulation.
3/ Notification of Ministry of National resource and environment, Discharge water from municipal wastewater treatment system quality standards regulation (2553)
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
-7-
Table 4-3 The results of water quality monitoring at Rattanakosin Bridge on 14th March 2014.
Parameters Units LOQ
Results Standards
06:00 12:00 16:25 Irrigation1/ Surface water2/
Treated3/
1 2 3 4 5
Temperature oC - 22.8 25.6 27.4 N N N’ N’ N’ - -
pH - - 7.45 7.18 7.21 6.5-8.5 N 5.0-9.0 5.0-9.0 5.0-9.0 - 5.5-9.0
Dissolved Oxygen mg/l - 1.2 2.9 2.6 - N ≮6.0 ≮4.0 ≮2.0 - -
BOD mg/l 0.1 55.0 47.0 70.0 20.0 N 1.5 5.0 4.0 - 20.0
COD mg/l 10.0 77.0 94.0 99.0 - N - - - - -
Phosphate (PO3-) mg/l 0.03 1.81 1.84 2.05 - N - - - - -
NO3-N (Nitrate) mg/l 0.02 1.26 1.23 1.94 - N 5.0 5.0 5.0 - -
NO2-N (Nitrite) mg/l 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 - N - - - - -
Total coliform bacteria
MPN/ 100ml
- 920,000 > 1.6 M. 1.6 M. - - 5,000 20,000 - - -
Fecal coliform bacteria
MPN/ 100ml
- 540,000 540,000 920,000 - - 1,000 4,000 - - -
Remarks : - Analysis Methods followed to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, recommended by APHA-AWWA-WEF.
- LOQ = Limit of Quantitation - N: As Natural - N’:Temperature not different from natural over 3 degreeCelcius - ≮: Not less than - M : Million Sources :
1/ Regulation of Royal Irrigation Department No.883/2532 : Protection and revision of discharge which low quality into irrigation stream and other connected runoff in the area of irrigation project, December 19, 1989
2/
Notification of the National Environmental Comittee, Issue No.8 (2537) Surface water quality standards regulation.
3/ Notification of Ministry of National resource and environment, Discharge water from municipal wastewater treatment system quality standards regulation (2553)
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
-8-
Table 4-4 The results of water quality monitoring at Discharge from Maharaj hospital’s wastewater treatment system on 14th March 2014.
Parameters Units LOQ Results
Standards
Irrigation1/ Surface water2/
Treated3/
1 2 3 4 5
Temperature oC - 28.7 N N N’ N’ N’ - -
pH - - 6.74 6.5-8.5 N 5.0-9.0 5.0-9.0 5.0-9.0 - 5.5-9.0
Dissolved Oxygen mg/l - 1.4 - N ≮6.0 ≮4.0 ≮2.0 - -
BOD mg/l 0.1 74.0 20.0 N 1.5 5.0 4.0 - 20.0
COD mg/l 10.0 133 - N - - - - -
Phosphate (PO3-) mg/l 0.03 4.28 - N - - - - -
NO3-N (Nitrate) mg/l 0.02 0.81 - N 5.0 5.0 5.0 - -
NO2-N (Nitrite) mg/l 0.02 < 0.02 - N - - - - -
Total coliform bacteria
MPN/ 100ml
- 1,600,000 - - 5,000 20,000 - - -
Fecal coliform bacteria
MPN/ 100ml
- 1,600,000 - - 1,000 4,000 - - -
Remarks : - Analysis Methods followed to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, recommended by APHA-AWWA-WEF.
- LOQ = Limit of Quantitation - N: As Natural - N’:Temperature not different from natural over 3 degreeCelcius - ≮: Not less than - M : Million Sources :
1/ Regulation of Royal Irrigation Department No.883/2532 : Protection and revision of discharge which low quality into irrigation stream and other connected runoff in the area of irrigation project, December 19, 1989
2/
Notification of the National Environmental Comittee, Issue No.8 (2537) Surface water quality standards regulation.
3/ Notification of Ministry of National resource and environment, Discharge water from municipal wastewater treatment system quality standards regulation (2553)
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
-9-
Photo 4-1 Surface water quality monitoring at Mae Kha-before run into Mae Ping on 14th March 2014.
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
-10-
Photo 4-2 Surface water quality monitoring at Kanchanapisek Public Park on 14th March 2014.
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
-11-
Photo 4-3 Surface water quality monitoring at Rattanakosin Bridge on 14th March 2014.
Surface water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Chiangmai, Thailand.
Integrated resource Management in Asian cities: the Urban Nexus,
On 14th March 2014
-12-
Photo 4-4 Wastewater quality monitoring at Discharge from Maharaj hospital’s wastewater treatment system on 14th March 2014.