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Surgical Instrumentsand Surgical Procedures
Dima Flavia
Dinca Bogdan
Grupa 5,Seria A,MG I
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Categories of Instruments
Instrument usage
Scissors andScalpels
Hemostats, Forceps,
and Clamps
Specula, Scopes,Probes, Retractors,and Dilators
Cutting
Grasping andClamping
Dilating andProbing
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Cutting
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Used to cut the skin, sometimescalled a surgical knife
Disposale Scalpel
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Most common si!es are
"##, "#$, and "#5
Surgical Blades
#24#22
#
#2#!
#"
#2
#2 #
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Straig$t Scissors
S$arp%S$arp &lunt%&lunt S$arp%&lunt
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Cur'ed Scissors
S$arp%S$ar S$arp%&lunt &lunt%&lu
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(a)o Dissecting Scissors
Straight %urved
&eav'(dut' )ith narro)ed ut lunt pointed
lades
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Iris Scissors
straight curved
Smallscissors designed for *nedetail
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Suture Remo'al Scissors
Straight angled
&ook(shaped point on one lade used to hook
under the stitch efore cutting
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&andage Scissors
*ister scissors +noles scissors
Designed for cutting bandages on patients
it$out cutting t$e patient
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Grasping
and
Clamping
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Hemostat ForcepsMos+uito
ell'Serrations onl' along
part of the tip
Some ma) $a'eteet$-ll ma) be
straig$t orcur'ed
Serrations alongthe entire tips
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Sometimes called -pick(ups.
Some )ith teeth are called tissue forceps
/hum Forceps
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.ar and /asal Forceps
&artman forceps Alligator forceps
Bent for ease in ear and nose procedures
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Used to hold surgical gau!e sponges
Ma' e straight or curved
Sponge Forceps
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Used for *0ing drapes to the skinof anestheti!ed patients
/o)el %lamp
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1ften called needle drivers
&olds needles *rml' )ithout crushing
2eedle &older
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Dilating
and
probing
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Specula and ScopesAre used to e0pose od' ori*ces ' )idening for etter
vie)ing
0aginal /asal -noscope%Proctoscope
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Retractors
3eitlaner retractor 4olkman etractor
Used to hook and retract the edges of a )ound for
etter vie)Self 6retaining Manual
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Dilators
Hegar Dilators Pratt Dilators
Doule(ended metal rods ranging in si!e
used for graduall' dilating an opening
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Sutturing
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Appendectom' is the surgical removal ofthe appendi0, a small, *nger(shaped pouchthat is located at the cecum 7the 8unctionet)een the large and small intestines9:
/he surger' is the standard treatment forappendicitis 7in;ammation and infection ofthe appendi09 and patients usuall' recoverfrom appendectom' )ithout e0periencingcomplications: A ruptured appendi0 isconsidered a medical emergenc'
-ppendectom)
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Surgeons use one of t)o surgicaltechni+ues, open appendectom' orlaparoscopic appendectom' : /he choice ofmethod is made ' the surgeon on a case(
'(case asis: General anesthesia 7agentthat renders the patient unconscious9 isused in oth procedures:
Surgical Procedures
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1pen appendectom' is the traditionalmethod and the standard treatment forappendicitis: /he surgeon makes an incisionin the lo)er right adomen, pulls the
appendi0 through the incision, ties it o< atits ase, and removes it: %are is taken toavoid spilling purulent material 7pus9 fromthe appendi0 )hile it is eing removed: /heincision is then sutured:
1pen -ppendectom)
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If the appendi0 has perforated 7ruptured9,the surgeon cleans the pus out of the adomen
)ith a )arm saline solution to reduce the riskfor infection: A drain ma' e inserted throughthe incision to allo) the pus to drain from theadomen: In this case, the skin is not sutured,ut left open and packed )ith sterile gau!e:
/he gau!e and drain remain in place until thepus is completel' drained and there is no signof infection:If the adomen is so in;amed thatthe surgeon cannot see the appendi0, the
infection is drained and treated )ithantiiotics, and then the appendi0 is removed:
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/his method has een used for over a decade and itma' ecome the standard of care: /he procedure hasseveral advantages including lo)er risk for postoperativeinfection, faster recover' time, a smaller scar, and a shorterhospital sta':
*aparoscapic-ppendectom)
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/he surgeon makes a ver' small incisionright elo) the navel and inserts aninstrument called a laparoscope: /helaparoscope is a long tue )ith a lens at
one end and a miniature video camera atthe other: /he laparoscope enales thedoctor to see the appendi0: Several moretin' incisions are made to allo) for thepassage of instruments, )hich are used tocut and clamp o< the appendi0:
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/he laparoscope is also used as adiagnostic tool: /he doctor is ale to see ifthe appendi0 is in;amed and, if theappendi0 is not the cause of the patient=s
s'mptoms, other organs can e seen inorder to identif' the source of thes'mptoms:
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A h'sterectom' is a surgical procedure)here' the uterus 7)om9 is removed:&'sterectom' is the most common non(ostetrical surgical procedure of )omen in
the United States: Appro0imatel' >$$ out ofever' #$$,$$$ )omen )ill undergo ah'sterectom':
H)sterectom)
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/otal adominal h'sterectom' 4aginal &'sterectom' Supracervical h'sterectom'
?aparoscop'( assisted vaginal h'sterectom' ?aparoscopic supra cervical h'sterectom' adical h'sterectom'
)pes of H)sterectomies
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During this procedure, the uterus isremoved through the vagina: A vaginalh'sterectom' is appropriate onl' forconditions such as uterine prolapse,
endometrial h'perlapsia, or cervicald'splasia: /he )oman )ill need to have herlegs raised up in a stirrup device throughoutthe procedure:
0aginal H)sterectom)
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7?A4&9 is similar to the vaginalh'sterectom' procedure descried aove,ut it adds the use of a laparoscope: Alaparoscope is a ver' thin vie)ing tue )ith
a magnif'ing glass(like device at the end ofit: %ertain )omen )ould e est served 'having laparoscop' used during vaginalh'sterectom' ecause it allo)s the upperadomen to e carefull' inspected duringsurger':
*aparoscop)3assisted 'aginal$)sterectom) *-0H5
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