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Sustainability & Green RemediationSustainability & Green Remediation
Christie Sunderrajan, P.E., CHMM
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Definitions Definitions • Green Remediation
- The practice of considering all environmental effects of remedy implementation and incorporating options to minimize the environmental footprints of cleanup actions.
• Sustainable development- development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• WCED "Our Common Future" (The Brundtland Report, 1987)
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Superfund Green Remediation StrategySuperfund Green Remediation Strategy
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Policy / Guidance DevelopmentPolicy / Guidance Development
• Integrating GR within current program• Policy – Consistent GR approach –
Superfund Program (UD)• Evaluate ARARs – Potential existing State
/ Fed regulations / Policies (UD)
Key Action #1: Clarify the role of green remediation in remedy selection and implementation
(UD) – Under Development(TBI) – To Be Initiated
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Resource Development / Program ImplementationResource Development / Program Implementation
• GR Resource Needs (UD)• GR Information Resources (UD)• Tools and Fact Sheets (UD)• GR Q&A’s (UD)• GR Checklists (UD)• GR Training (Implemented)• Site Specific Assistance (Implemented)
Key Action #2: Develop Protocols / Tools – Project / Program Mgrs Integrate GR practices
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• Goal 100% Renewable Energy use (UD)• Methods for increasing energy efficiency (UD)• Costs or Savings –GR strategies/practices (UD)• Fact sheet for Green Power (UD)• Increase use of renewable energy – remote locations
(UD)• Financing GR RD&D and Initial Deployment (UD)• National Standards/Certification Process (UD)
Key Action #3: Identify Options Enabling Use of GR Practices
Resource Development / Program ImplementationResource Development / Program Implementation
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Resource Development / Program ImplementationResource Development / Program Implementation
• Fact Sheet – Clean Fuel and Emission Technologies (Implemented)
• Contract Language – Clean Fuel and Emission Technologies (UD)
• Recovering and using methane gas from landfills on Superfund sites (UD)
Key Action #4: Address Air Pollutants & Diesel Emissions
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Diesel Retrofit TechnologiesEmission Reduction and ControlDiesel Retrofit TechnologiesEmission Reduction and Control
PM HC CO NOx Cost Range
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)*
20-40% 40-75% <60% - $1,000 -$2,000
Diesel Particulate Matter Filter (DPF)*
95% 90% 90% - $8,000
Partial Diesel Particulate Filter (pDPF)
50% 75% 75% - $4,000 -$8,000
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
- - - 65% $12,000 $20,000
* DOC & DPF combined provides higher performance and cost
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Typical test filter – no DPF
Test filter – with DPF
Unused test filter
Diesel Particulate Filter Emissions ReductionsDiesel Particulate Filter Emissions Reductions
Dozer with diesel particulate filter
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Resource Development / Program ImplementationResource Development / Program Implementation
• Database of Innovative GR Pilot Projects (UD)• Template – GR Analysis Template (UD)• GR Factors into Remedy Optimization
Evaluations (Implemented)• RE-Powering Potential Support (UD)
Key Action #5: Develop Pilot Projects to Evaluate / Demonstrate GR Applications
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Profiles of Green RemediationProfiles of Green Remediation
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Green Remediation Profile: Ferdula Landfill, Frankfort NYGreen Remediation Profile: Ferdula Landfill, Frankfort NY
• Soil vapor extraction relying on wind power to draw vacuum from landfill vents
• Exclusively off-grid operations providing a pulsed effect for carbon removal of VOCs
• VOC concentrations in soil gas reduced over 90% in five years of operation
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Resource Development / Program ImplementationResource Development / Program Implementation
• Contract Language –GR Practices per remedy selection (UD)
• Contract Language – Require reporting of selected activities (UD)
• GR Contracting Tool Kit (Implemented)• Terms & Conditions – Assistance
Agreements (UD)• Use of existing fed agreements and
establish new agreements (UD)• Local expertise in green cleanups -
develop and retain local workers (UD)
Key Action #6: Establish Opportunities in Contracts / Assistance Agreements – GR Practices
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Resource Development / Program ImplementationResource Development / Program Implementation
• Communication Plan – Consistent GR messages (UD)• Outreach to Contractors / Industry (UD)• Partner – Promote National Use of GR Strategies
(Implemented)• Engage local communities – assessing / implementing
options (TBI)
Key Action #7: Communicate and share success stories and lessons learned
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NY Success StoriesNY Success Stories
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Other Areas – Lessons LearnedOther Areas – Lessons LearnedSolar panels at Pemaco site, CA
Examples from electrical bill:~$.46/kWh generating 6,172 kWh for year
saved approximately $2,839 for year or $236.44 per month in energy charges.Average usage of electricity inside the treatment
plant is equal to 126,741 kWh/month
Check State Sponsored Rebate PlansSecurity Issues
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Nebraska Pilot ProjectNebraska Ordnance Plant SiteNebraska Pilot ProjectNebraska Ordnance Plant Site
• Why Nebraska?- Favorable wind conditions – 6.5 meters/sec mean
intensity. - Favorable Geology - highly transmissive Pleistocene
sand and gravel deposits. • Purpose
- Quantify the reduction of power requirements by comparison with historic power use data.
- Calculate the mass of VOCs removed during the demonstration period.
- Identify system enhancements and recommend new follow-on studies.
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Nebraska Project:Nebraska Project:
• Ground Water circulation wells – air stripping and UV treatment
- Meets 26% of 767 kWh/month needs using 10-kW wind turbine
• Electrical savings $40,000 over 15 years- Tied-in to the grid
• Managing the system to recover total capital costs
- Using as education opportunity Missouri U of Sci & Tech students
- Improved freeze-proofing may cut costs by 50%
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Superfund Green Remediation StrategySuperfund Green Remediation Strategy
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Program EvaluationProgram Evaluation
• Evaluate Sustainability - Compile / Analyze Existing Tools / Metrics (Implemented)
• Agency Methodology - site-specific evaluation measures / metrics (UD)
• Evaluation Modules – GR Strategies (UD)
Key Action #8: Establish a Roadmap – Environmental Footprint – Project Level
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Screening CriteriaContaminated Lands MappingScreening CriteriaContaminated Lands Mapping
Clean and Renewable Energy Sources
• Biomass:- Residues from crops, forests
and mills; methane; urban wood waste and dedicated energy crops
- Dry-Mill Corn Ethanol
• Wind: - Non-Grid, Community, and
Utility
• Solar: - Non-Grid, Community and
Utility- Community and Utility
Preliminary Screening Criteria
• Availability & quality of solar, wind, biomass
• Acreage• Distance to electric
transmission lines• Distance to graded roads• Slope and aspect of property
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Energy Use Energy Use
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Program EvaluationProgram Evaluation
• Program Baseline estimate (UD)• Evaluate EPA’s GR Strategy – performance goals,
objectives and measures (UD)• Address Gaps in measures or metrics (UD)• Develop Tools and guidance (UD)
- Effects of environmental footprints of remediation- Option comparison methods
Key Action #9: Evaluate Footprints of Superfund Cleanups
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Sustainability in Site CleanupsSustainability in Site Cleanups
• GR “…involves more than merely adopting a specific technology or technique.” Source:
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EPA Region 2 –Touchstone PracticesEPA Region 2 –Touchstone Practices
• Use of 100% of electricity from renewable sources
• Maximize the amount of materials reduced, reused or recycled
- “Green Concrete” - Concrete made with Coal Combustion Products (CCP)
- C&D materials- Organic materials generated on site
• Methane capture at landfill sites• Clean diesel fuels and technologies
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NYSDEC DER-31NYSDEC DER-31
• Consider the major GR concepts• Implement easy GR techniques
- Renewable energy- Vehicle idling- Design cover systems- Beneficial reuse of materials (BUD process)- Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD)
• Qualitative & Quantitative Assessments of alternatives
• Documentation of Efforts
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WITH, not against…WITH, not against…• Not a substitute • Evaluate with remedy selection criteria *
- Overall protection of human health and the environment.
- Compliance with ARARs, standards, criteria and guidance
- Long-term effectiveness and permanence.
- Reduction of toxicity, mobility, or volume through treatment.
- Short-term effectiveness. - Implementability. - Cost effectiveness- Community acceptance. - Land Use
* 40 CFR 300.430 and 6 NYCRR 375-1.8(f)
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Source:
Some Examples of Greener ApproachesSome Examples of Greener Approaches
Cleanup, Remediation, and
Waste Management
Deconstruction, Demolition, and
Removal
Design and Construction for
Reuse
Sustainable Use and Long Term
Stewardship
• Reuse/recycle deconstruction and demolition materials
• Reuse materials on site whenever possible
• Consider future site use and reuse existing infrastructure
• Preserve/Reuse Historic Buildings
• Use clean diesel and low sulfur fuels in equipment and noise controls for power generation
• Retain native vegetation and soils, wherever possible
• Protect water resources from runoff and contamination
• Power machinery and equipment using clean fuels
• Use renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and methane to power remediation activities
• Improve energy efficiency of chosen remediation strategies
• Select remediation approaches, such as phytoremediation, that reduce resource use and impact on air, water, adjacent lands, and public health
• Employ remediation practices that can restore soil health and ecosystems and, in some cases, sequester carbon through soil amendments and vegetation
• Use Energy Star, LEED, and GreenScapes principles in both new and existing buildings
• Reduce environmental impact by reusing existing structures and recycling industrial materials
• Incorporate natural systems to manage stormwater, like green roofs, landscaped swales, and wetlands
• Incorporate Smart Growth principles that promote more balanced land uses, walkable neighborhoods, and open space
• Create ecological enhancements to promote biodiversity and provide wildlife habitat and recreation
• Reduce use of toxic materials in manufacturing, maintenance, and use of buildings and land
• Minimize waste generation, manage waste properly, and recycle materials used/generated
• Maintain engineering and institutional controls on site where waste is left in place
• Reduce water use by incorporating water efficient systems and use native vegetation to limit irrigation
• Maximize energy efficiency and increase use of renewable energy
• Take appropriate steps to prevent (recontamination)
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Some Greener ApproachesSome Greener Approaches
• Anaerobic Bioaugmentation• Alternative Absorbent Media• Phyto-Remediation
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Anaerobic BioaugmentationAnaerobic Bioaugmentation
• DAY Site with TCE / PCE in Groundwater• Degradation of chloroethenes by anaerobic bacteria
http://www.apec-vc.or.jp/
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Alternative Absorbent MediaAlternative Absorbent Media
• Terrenew (affiliation with Cornell University)- MetalMaster – binds and retains heavy metal
ions • DAY Sites:
- Remediation: Chromium Contamination in Groundwater – Pump & Treat System
- Industry: Wastewater treatment
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Phyto-RemediationPhyto-Remediation
• DAY Site: Hybrid Poplars planted with amended soil around plating facility
• Within 6-months, observed decreasing trend of VOCS
• Continuing Evaluation…- Root growth of trees
expect to maintain the reduction
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Resources
Green Remediation Resources
www.dayenvironmental.com January 2011
EPA
• EPA's Superfund and Green Remediation (http://www.epa.gov/superfund/greenremediation)
• EPA’s Clean-Up Information (CLU-IN) website: http://www.clu-in.org/greenremediation/
o EPA Regional Policies: http://www.clu-in.org/greenremediation/regions/index.cfm
o Evaluation Tools: web‐based calculators, software models, and supplemental materials for potential use in evaluating the environmental "footprint" http://www.clu-in.org/greenremediation/subtab_b3.cfm
o Profiles of GR: http://www.clu-in.org/greenremediation/tab_d.cfm
o Green Response Action Contracting and Administrative Toolkit. Latest update: http://www.clu-in.org/greenremediation/docs/Green_RR_Action_Contract_Admn_Toolkit_10-08-2010_update.pdf\
o RE-Powering America's Land (includes Google Earth Mapping): http://www.epa.gov/renewableenergyland/maps_incentives.htm
• EPA’s Technology Primer, Incorporating Sustainable Environmental Practices into Remediation of Contaminated Sites (USEPA, 2008c) (http://www.epa.gov/tio/download/remed/green-remediation-primer.pdf)
• EPA’s Principles for Greener Cleanups (USEPA, 2009b) (http://www.epa.gov/oswer/greencleanups/principles.html)
• Smart Energy Resource Guide (SERG) (http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r08049/600r08049.pdf)
EPA Region 2
• EPA Region 2 “Clean & Green” Policy and Touchstone Practices http://epa.gov/region2/superfund/green_remediation/
o Metrics used by Region 2: http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/green_remediation/metrics.html
NYSDEC
• NYSDEC Program Policy DER-31 / Green Remediation (http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/remediation_hudson_pdf/der31.pdf)
• State incentives for Achieving Clean and Renewable Energy Development on Contaminated Lands: http://www.epa.gov/renewableenergyland/incentives.htm