Table of Contents Blood Pressure Hypertension Hypotension Heart
Rate Heart Rate and Fitness First Aid and Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation Techniques of Implementation of CPR Cholesterol
Normal Value Cholesterol Diabetes Types of Diabetes Blood Sugar
Permissible Limits
Slide 3
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Blood
Pressure (B.P.): is the pressure that the blood exerts on the walls
of the blood vessels while circulating. An optimal amount of blood
pressure is essential for : i) the return of the blood to the heart
after making its way through more than 60,000 miles of long blood
vessels of the body. ii) the exchange of nutrients and waste
products between the various cells of the body and blood
capillaries. iii) the filtering and purification of the blood in
the kidneys and lungs.}
Slide 4
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Blood
Pressure is usually measured in the Brachial artery of the arm
using an instrument known as Sphygmomanometer. Normal Values of
Blood Pressure : Systolic B.P. For age 20 to 60 years: 120 + 1/5.
For ages above 60: 135+1 for each year above 60. Diastolic B.P : At
age 25 year: 80. For ages above 25 to year: 80+1 for every 5 years
beyond the age of 25 years. Temporary conditions which lead to an
increase in B.P. are; i) Mental stress, ii) constipation, iii) cold
weather, iv) after eating, v) after drinking coffee, tea &
alcohol, vi) bathing or showering, vii) exercising, viii) smoking,
ix) urinating.
Slide 5
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Types of
Blood Pressure : There are two types of Blood Pressure i)
Hypertension ( High blood pressure ) ii) Hypotension (Low blood
pressure ) Hypertension ( High blood pressure) : It means a
persistent systolic pressure of 140 mm of Hg or more or a
persistent diastolic pressure of 90 mm of Hg.}
Slide 6
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Diastolic
B.P.Systolic B.P.Level of Severity 90 100140 160Mild Hypertension
100-120160 - 200Moderate Hypertension Above 120Above 200Severe
Hypertension When a person has got High B.P., it only means that
now heart has to exert greater force to pump almost the same
quantity of blood within the same time due to which B.P. becomes
elevated than normal.{ The H.B.P is classified as follows:
Slide 7
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Causes of
Hypertension : 1.Heredity 2. Mental Tension 3. Excess intake of
salt 4. Obesity 5. Sedentary life 6. Smoking 7. Alcohol 8. Diet
having saturated fats 9. Use of fried and too much oily foods 10.
Excess intake of Sugar 11. Tea, Coffee, Cold drinks. Many of the
above factors lead to narrowing and hardening of the arteries
(atherosclerosis) because of deposition of Cholesterol in the walls
of the arteries. As old age approaches the artery walls harden and
loose much of the elasticity.{
Slide 8
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Common
Symptoms Hypertension : 1.Lack of sleep 2. Headache, especially
throbbing pain, which is associated with anger and working under
stress 3. Dizziness 4. Flushed face on exertion 5. Excessive
craving for salt 6. Obesity 7. increased irritability and tendency
to become angry or violent 8. Hurry and impatience and always
racing against time. A rapid or sudden increase in B.P. to very
high levels (usually 240/130 mm of Hg or more ) leads to severe
headaches, blurring of vision, drowsiness, vomiting and
breathlessness. This requires emergency treatment.{
Slide 9
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Types of
Hypertension: There are two types of Hypertension: 1. Essential (or
Primary ) Hypertension 2. Secondary hypertension. 1. Essential
Hypertension: Essential hypertension is blood pressure that is
consistently higher than normal when no cause for the high blood
pressure can be found. Many experts think essential hypertension is
genetic.
Slide 10
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. 1.
Essential Hypertension: Factors that can increase blood pressure,
such as: the amount of blood pumped by the heart, size and
condition of the arteries, water and salt content of the body,
condition of the kidneys, nervous system or blood vessels. hormone
levels in the body. Other factors can include stress, being
overweight, smoking, alcohol use, a diet high in salt, heredity,
gender, age and race.}
Slide 11
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. 1.
Essential Hypertension: What are the symptoms?: A mild headache,
tiredness, shortness of breath, confusion, dizziness, visual
changes, nausea and vomiting, anxiety, perspiration, nose bleeds,
pale or red skin and an angina-like pain in the chest. Rarely, the
first symptom is a stroke.{
Slide 12
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. 2.
Secondary Hypertension: This is caused by some disease or disorder
in the body like: 1. Disease of the kidney and endocrine glands,
especially the adrenal glands 2. Long standing diabetes mellitus 3.
Long term use of oral contraceptives containing estrogen 4.Use of
steroids for many years (steroids are a group of drugs commonly
used for treatment of asthma, some skin disorders etc.) 5. Inborn
defects of the aorta .{
Slide 13
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Risks
associated with Hypertension : 1. Heart Attack (pain in the chest)
2. Stroke (Brain hemorrhage) 3. Heart failure 4. Effect on kidneys
(kidney failure) 5. Effect on eyes{
Slide 14
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention.
Management or Control of Hypertension: 1.Weight reduction 2.
Reduction of salt intake 3. Aerobic exercise 4. Stretching
exercises 5. Avoid saturated fats 6. Intake of Calcium, potassium
and magnesium in proper proportions 7. High intake of fibers
(soluble fibers ) 8. Consume Vitamin C, Vitamin B3 (Niacin) and
Vitamin E for lowering B.P. 9. Intake of food items like garlic,
honey, lemon juice, onion to be increased 10. Use of relaxation
techniques for lowering B.P. 11. Intake of water in large
quantities especially in empty stomach in the morning 12. Adopt a
positive outlook towards life.{
Slide 15
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention.
Hypotension The term "hypotension" is usually used only when blood
pressure has fallen so far that enough blood can no longer reach
the brain, causing dizziness and fainting. Causes and symptoms:
Postural hypotension is the most common type of low blood pressure.
In this condition, symptoms appear after a person sits up or stands
quickly. In normal people, the cardiovascular system must make a
quick adjustment to raise blood pressure slightly to account for
the change in position. For those with postural hypotension, the
blood pressure adjustment is not adequate. It also happens to
diabetics when nerve damage has disrupted the reflexes that control
blood pressure. Many people have a chronic problem with low blood
pressure that is not particularly serious. This may include people
who require certain medications.
Slide 16
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention.
Hypotension: Treatment For those people with postural hypotension,
a medication adjustment may help prevent the problem. These
individuals may find that rising more slowly, or getting out of bed
in slow stages, helps the problem. Low blood pressure with no other
symptoms does not need to be treated.
Slide 17
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Heart
Rate Heart Rate is the number of heart beats per unit time, usually
per minute. The heart rate is based on the number of contractions
of the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart). The heart rate
may be too fast (tachycardia) or too slow (bradycardia).
Slide 18
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Blood
Flow/Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume. Heart rate for a
human being at rest is about 70 beats per minute. During vigorous
exercise, heart rate can increase dramatically (the rule of thumb
given for maximal heart rate is 220 minus your age). This will
result in an increase in blood flow.
Slide 19
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention.
Controllable Risk Factors of Heart rate : Coronary artery disease,
heart attack, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure,
smoking, drugs or alcohol abuse, excess weight, high fat diet
sedentary, lifestyle, stress, certain medication (over-the-counter
and prescription, including decongestants and diet and herbal
supplements), heart surgery (may also be a non controllable risk
factor).
Slide 20
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Non-
Controllable Risk Factors: Family history of heart disease,
congenital heart disorders (heart problem present at birth, usually
involving the heart chambers or valves), advancing age, gender
(males are more susceptible).
Slide 21
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Factors
affecting heart rate: 1. Anxiety 2. Dehydration 3. Ambient
temperature 4. Altitude 5. Elapsed time after meals can increase
heart rate, sometimes markedly.
Slide 22
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Heart
Rate Reading: The heart rate is the pulse one feels at the
periphery. When the blood is pumped in the arteries they expand and
the same pulse is felt throughout the arteries. There are two
suitable points through which one can check the pulse. 1. In the
radial artery at the thumb side. 2. at the carotid artery which is
located in the neck, at either side of the windpipe. Two fingers
have to be placed at these points and the count can be noted for 15
seconds or 30 seconds and can be multiplied by 4 or 2 respectively
to get the heart rate for one minute.
Slide 23
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Heart
Rate and Fitness: In addition to following a healthy diet and
incorporating important heart nutrients, you must also exercise to
maintain the health of your heart. Exercise can help you prevent as
well as reverse heart disease.
Slide 24
Blood Pressure: Meaning, Types, Risks and Prevention. Age Max
Heart Rate Recovery/Weight LossAerobicAnaerobicMaximum 60% - 70%
18202121141 162 202 19201121141 161 201 20200120140 160 200
21199119139 159 199 22198119139 158 198 23197118138 158 197
24196118137 157 196 25195117137 156 195 26194116136 155 194
27193116135 154 193 28192115134 154 192 29191115134 153 191
30190114133 152 190 The target heart rate chart below shows the
target heart rate zones for men, by age
Slide 25
Slide 26
Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) It is an emergency
medical procedure for a victim of cardiac arrest or, in some
circumstances, respiratory arrest. CPR can be utilized in many
other emergency situations and some of them are; 1. Heart attacks
2. Strokes (when blood flow to a part of the brain has suddenly
stopped) 3. Choking on something that blocks the entire airway 4.
Near drowning incidents (when someone is under water for too long
and the breathing has stopped) 5. A very bad neck, head or back
injury 6. Severe electrical shocks (touching a live wire of high
intensity ) 7. Suffering from sickness of a serious nature 8.
Excessive bleeding 9. Severe allergic reactions.
Slide 27
Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) CPR is performed in
hospitals or in the community by laypersons or by emergency
response professionals. CPR involves physical interventions to
create artificial circulation through rhythmic pressing on the
patient's chest to manually pump blood through the heart, called
chest compressions, and usually also involves the rescuer exhaling
into the patient (or using a device to simulate this) to inflate
the lungs and pass oxygen in to the blood, called artificial
respiration. Its purpose is to maintain a flow of oxygenated blood
to the brain and the heart, thereby delaying tissue death and
extending the brief window of opportunity for a successful
resuscitation without permanent brain damage.
Slide 28
Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Techniques of
Implementation of CPR For administering CPR, a primary assessment
has to be made with regard to the gravity of the condition of an
ill or injured person using the ABCDS sequence as shown below:
Slide 29
Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) A stands for: Assessment
of the scene, Alerting EMS (call first) & opening the blocked
airway.
Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) D stands for:
Defibrillation, either by EMS or by an Automated External
Defibrillator
Slide 33
Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 5. S stands for: Serious
bleeding management, Shock management & Spinal injury
Management The Emergency Medical Services of the local area have to
be informed immediately of the incident while continuing to monitor
the patients condition with ABCDS and to administer treatment to
the emergency problems while waiting for the Emergency Medical
Services.
Slide 34
Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) During the primary
assessment of the patient the following procedure has to be
adopted: Its important to Look, Listen and Feel for Agonal
Breathing. Individuals in cardiac arrest do not breathe. Some may
gasp irregularly, which seems as if the patient is breathing. Its
important not to confuse agonal breaths with normal breathing.
There are several reasons why a person might to stop breathing: 1.
Submersion and near drowning 2. Stroke 3. Foreign body obstructing
(choking ) the airway 4. Smoke inhalation or suffocation 5. Drug
overdose 6. Electrocution 7. Injuries 8. Heart attack or sudden
cardiac arrest 9. Lightening strike 10. coma. If the heart beat,
breath and chest movement are not found, then begin the CPR.
Slide 35
Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) PROCEDURE: The rescuer
should put his mouth over the patients open mouth and start blowing
to force air into the lungs (actually, it is advisable for rescuer
to use a special mask so that the mouths actually do not touch).
This rescue breathing will aid in the movement of oxygen into the
lungs. In the rescue breathing the unused oxygen from the breath
can be used since the air contains 21% of oxygen and only 5% is
used for the breath. After about two breaths, use both hands (one
placed over the other) to press on the patients chest for a number
of times in a row to move the blood out of the heart that has
stopped beating.
Slide 36
Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) This is termed chest
compression and it helps to supply oxygen to the vital organs
especially the brain. The brain cells will die if oxygen is not
supplied to them soon. Continue the combination of rescue breathing
and manual chest compressions with the mouth and pressing on the
chest. If the patient has a heartbeat, the rescue breath can be
continued for many hours. This may improve the chances of reviving
the heart. CPR can be learned by undergoing special training which
will be a boon for present day society as medical emergencies have
increased drastically.
Slide 37
Slide 38
CHOLESTEROL Cholesterol is a soft, wax-like fatty substance
found in all parts of the body. It is a white crystalline substance
found in animal tissues and various foods, normally synthesized by
the liver. Our body needs a little bit of cholesterol to work
properly. But too much cholesterol can be harmful as it forms a
fatty plaque which can clog your arteries, reduce their
circumference and lead to heart disease. Some cholesterol is
considered "good" and some is considered "bad. Cholesterol has to
be transported through the blood and the carriers are called
Lipoproteins.
Slide 39
CHOLESTEROL There are two different types of lipoproteins 1.
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) 2 High Density Lipoproteins (HDL).
Lipoproteins are a combination of fat and proteins. LDL has more
fat, less proteins, is called bad cholesterol, forms plaque in the
arteries and is the cause of heart diseases. By contrast, HDL has
more protein, less fat, is termed good cholesterol, and it carries
cholesterol to the liver and out of the body. HDL avoids the
formation of plaque and heart diseases. Different blood tests are
needed to individually measure each type of cholesterol.
Slide 40
CHOLESTEROL Normal Value: The normal values of cholesterol are
Total Cholesterol: Desirable: Under 200 milligrams per deciliter
(mg/dL), Borderline high: 200 to 239 mg/dL, High risk: 240 mg/dL
and higher Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL, bad cholesterol) Optimal:
Less than 100 mg/dL, Near/Above optimal: 100 mg/dL to 129 mg/d,
Borderline high: 130 mg/dL to 159 mg/dL, High: 160 mg/dL to
189mg/dL, Very high: 190 mg/dL.
Slide 41
CHOLESTEROL High Density Lipoproteins (HDL, good cholesterol)
Low: Less than 40mg/dL. High: Above 60 mg/dL (may lower the rate of
Heart diseases) Women tend to have a higher HDL due to Estrogen
(needs to be over 50 mg/dL), Triglycerides: Normal: less than 150
mg/dL, Border line high: 150 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL, High: above 200
mg/dL
Slide 42
CHOLESTEROL Abnormal results: In general, a total cholesterol
value over 200 mg/dL may mean you have a greater risk of heart
disease. However, LDL levels are a better predictor of heart
disease, and they determine how your high cholesterol should be
treated. High Cholesterol levels may be caused by: Biliary
cirrhosis familial hyperlipidemias, high fat diet, hypothyroidism,
nephrotic syndrome & uncontrolled diabetes. Low cholesterol
levels may be caused by: Hyperthyroidism, liver disease,
malabsorption (inadequate absorption of nutrients from the
intestinal tract) malnutrition. Experts recommend that you have a
complete cholesterol and triglycerides analysis every 5 years
starting at age 20. The total cholesterol test is usually done as
part of a lipid profile, which also checks for LDL, HDL, and
triglycerides.
Slide 43
CHOLESTEROL Risk Factors: Overweight and obesity, hypertension
and diabetes (type II), family inheritance excessive bleeding,
hematoma and infection. Special considerations Any acute illness
can raise or lower your total cholesterol number. If you have had
an acute illness in the 3 months before having this test, you
should have it repeated in 2 or 3 months. Even a flare up of
arthritis can affect your cholesterol level.
Slide 44
CHOLESTEROL Other conditions associated with high cholesterol:
Pregnancy & Removal of ovaries. Prevention of high cholesterol:
Eating healthy diet, keep body weight under normal range, maintain
normal levels of hypertension and diabetes, do not smoke, exercise
every day for 30 minutes, monitor cholesterol levels
regularly.
Slide 45
Slide 46
DIABETES Diabetes: is caused by the non-functioning of one of
the organs in the body, the pancreas. The pancreas is an elongated,
tapered organ located across the back of the abdomen, behind the
stomach. The endocrine tissue of this organ secretes the hormone
insulin which regulates the level of glucose in the blood, oxidizes
it and releases energy. The deficiency of insulin or the inability
of body cells to use the available insulin causes the accumulation
of glucose in the blood causing the symptoms of diabetes.
Slide 47
DIABETES Mechanism of Diabetes: After taking food, the
concentration of glucose in the blood rises. Insulin prevents the
glucose concentration from rising above the normal or physiological
limit. Thus, the most important and obvious function of insulin is
to control the concentration of glucose in the blood. If insulin is
absent or inadequate, the glucose in the blood cant enter various
cells and also cant be converted into glycogen. Consequently, blood
glucose level rises. When this blood passes through the kidneys,
excess sugar (beyond the capacity of the kidneys to stop) spills
into the urine.
Slide 48
DIABETES TYPES OF DIABETES Most cases of diabetes are due to
two major types, Insulin-dependent diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) also
known as Juvenile diabetes or Type I, Non-insulin-dependent
diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) or Type II. Type I is due to the
inability of body cells to use available insulin.
Slide 49
DIABETES TYPES OF DIABETES IDDM (Type I) Diabetes More common
in childhood and young adulthood, Patients are underweight;
Patients are prone to frequent infection; Patients require lifelong
insulin support. Complications like diabetic coma are common if
insulin is inadequate. Accounts for 3-7% of diabetic cases.
Slide 50
DIABETES TYPES OF DIABETES NIDDM (Type II) Diabetes More common
in later life, generally after 40 years; Frequently associated with
obesity. Generally asymptomatic; Mostly Hereditary; Treated usually
with diet control, exercise and oral drugs when needed; Diabetic
coma is rare; Accounts for about 90-95% of diabetic cases.
Slide 51
DIABETES SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES: Dryness of mouth and excessive
thirst; Excessive hunger; Excessive and frequent urination; Weight
loss; Feeling of exhaustion and weakness; Easy susceptibility to
infections of skin, gums and respiratory system; Wound infection
and delayed healing; Lack of concentration and mental fatigue.
Slide 52
DIABETES CAUSE OF DIABETES 1. HEREDITY: i) If both parents are
diabetic, the chances of an individual developing diabetes are
almost 100%. ii) If one parent is diabetic, the chances of the
offspring developing diabetes are 50%. iii) If a close blood
relative has diabetes, the risk of an individual developing the
disease is about 25%. 2. OBESITY AND OVER NUTRITION: They are
directly related to a higher risk of developing diabetes. This is
because it is found that obesity and higher fat intake interfere
with the proper function of insulin and fat people require a
greater level of insulin to achieve the same benefit. 3. LACK OF
EXERCISE: The general physical inactivity termed as sedentary
lifestyle is also a factor for developing diabetes. 4. TENSION,
ANXIETY AND STRESS: They can precipitate diabetes in those who have
a genetic predisposition to the disease.
Slide 53
DIABETES CAUSE OF DIABETES 5. SOME DRUGS: Drugs including those
of the cortisone group can increase the blood sugar and thus may
reveal pre- existing diabetes. 6. INCORRECT DIETARY HABITS: The
incidence of diabetes varies directly with the consumption of
processed, refined and junk foods, e.g. biscuits, bread, cake,
chocolate, pudding and ice cream along with over eating. The body
has to produce more digestive juices and insulin to digest
excessive food. Under the pressure of an excessive work load, the
pancreas glands weaken and ultimately break down leading to
diabetes. 7. HIGH ALCOHOL INTAKE 8. ETHNICITY>
Slide 54
DIABETES CAUSE OF DIABETES: 9. AGING AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
10. GESTATIONAL DIABETES OR GIVING BIRTH TO A BABY WEIGHING MORE
THAN 9 POUNDS A diabetic may also become unconscious when the
concentration of glucose in the blood drops much below normal
(Hypoglycemia). However, such unconsciousness happens rapidly,
while unconsciousness due to excessive glucose and ketosis is a
slowly developing condition: the patient experiences various
symptoms of uneasiness (e.g. acute thirst, dryness of mouth,
weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, profuse urination etc.)
before a diabetic coma due to hyperglycemia occurs.
Slide 55
DIABETES Long- term complications of diabetes In the long run,
diabetes ruins almost every system of the body. Complications of
the nervous system give rise to distorted sensations and
inefficiency of the urinary bladder. Complications of the heart and
blood vessels result in the hardening and narrowing of the arteries
(atherosclerosis), high B.P. and chronic heart disease. The
incidence of heart attacks is about 5-6 times higher than in
healthy persons. Diabetes damages the retina of the eyes. This
results in gradual loss of vision. Cataracts, too, occur at an
early age in diabetes. Complications of the respiratory system
result in an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases of the
lungs like T.B. Diabetes has undesirable effects on the digestive
system. Nausea/ vomiting, diarrhea and gall stones are more common
in diabetes.
Slide 56
DIABETES Category of Person Blood Glucose Concentration ( in
mg% ) Fasting ValueMax ValueValue 2 Hours after Consuming Glucose
NormalLess than 120Less than 160Less than 120 Early Diabetes 120 to
140160 to 180120 to 140 Established Diabetes More than 140200 or
more More than 140 Blood Sugar Permissible Limits:
Slide 57
DIABETES TREATMENT OF DIABETES 1. Diet Control: Diet is the
single most important factor for controlling diabetes. If faulty
dietary habits are not given up, drugs or any other treatment will
be of little value. In fact, for obese diabetics, dietary change
assumes all the more significance. Foods to be totally avoided: All
concentrated sources of sugar such as sugar, glucose, jam,
chocolates, sweets, sweet drinks, sweetened milk, canned fruits,
sweet biscuits, cake, pie, pudding, peppermint and alcohol. Foods
to be taken in limited quantity: cereals, pulses, potatoes, peas,
dry fruits, cheese, milk, butter, ghee, oil, meat, eggs, fish,
curd, etc.
Slide 58
DIABETES TREATMENT OF DIABETES Foods that can be taken freely:
Most fruits, vegetables, drinks (tea, coffee etc. sweetened with
saccharine.) Special medicinal foods: Certain foods like bitter
gourd, black berry, fenugreek, garlic and neem are considered
natural foods for controlling diabetes, Hence patients of diabetes
should consume them often. Fiber foods: Fibers lower the rate of
glucose absorption from the gut and thereby lowering glucose levels
in the blood and aiding treatment of diabetes. Fiber helps in
reducing insulin dosage administered to the diabetic patient. For
fibers take whole grain cereals and pulses along with fruits and
vegetables.
Slide 59
DIABETES TREATMENT OF DIABETES 2. Exercise: Exercise helps
diabetes in many ways. Exercise increases the receptivity of
muscles to insulin and so a greater amount of glucose will be
transferred from the blood stream to the muscles by the same amount
of insulin. Further during exercise, more oxygen is sent to the
pancreas and thus the pancreas is stimulated to function better.
Physical activity will burn blood sugar and lower its level. In the
body, glucose cant be metabolized without oxygen. Exercise provides
a lot of oxygen to metabolize the sugar. With consistent physical
activity, the ability of cells to respond to insulin gradually
increases.
Slide 60
DIABETES TREATMENT OF DIABETES 3. Medical: Two types of
medicines are used in diabetes: I) Oral anti-diabetic drugs ii)
Insulin injections: The type and dosage of these medicines have to
be determined by an expert physician taking into account the
condition of the patient. 4. Acupressure: There are acupressure
points in the palms and soles of the legs corresponding to the
pancreas. Pressing these points regularly and frequently will
activate the pancreas and gradually it will start functioning
better. These acupressure or reflex points are like switches or
buttons. When you press them, current or life energy starts running
to that part.
Slide 61
DIABETES Advice for Diabetic Patients: The following practical
suggestions will be useful for the diabetic patients. 1. Diabetics
should take more smaller meals scattered over the day rather than
taking a few heavy concentrated meals so that the blood sugar level
doesnt shoot up suddenly as the smaller amount of insulin (or that
injected as a medicine) is insufficient to metabolize large amount
of blood sugar. 2. Diabetics should avoid fasting and missing their
meals to prevent low blood sugar. Even if you dont have any
appetite, dont abstain from food. Have light food at regular
intervals. 3. While on a tour, keep fruits like apples, oranges to
prevent low blood sugar. 4. In sweetening agent, saccharine is more
preferable to sugar. Although it is sweeter than sugar, it has no
calorie content.
Slide 62
DIABETES Advice for Diabetic Patients: 5. Maintain your meal
timings properly to maintain blood sugar at normal levels all the
time. 6. Have variety in your food so that all necessary vitamins,
minerals and other nutrients reach body to keep it fit. Spices can
be taken by a diabetic as they possess no caloric value. However,
restrict the use of salt. 7. The diabetic should increase his
awareness about the disease. 8. Exercise for at least 30 minutes
per day like walking, jogging, cycling, etc. 9. Stop smoking. 10.
Total fat intake should be less than 30% of the calories.