TANBREZ MINING GREENLAND A/S
TANBREEZ PROJECT
CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGY
AUGUST 2013
Orbicon A/S
Ringstedvej 20
DK 4000 Roskilde
Denmark
Phone + 45 46 30 03 10
Version Draft 1.2
Date 6. August 2013
Prepared OSMI
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 2/32
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 3/32
TANBREZ MINING GREENLAND A/S
TANBREEZ PROJECT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
August 2013
Orbicon A/S
Ringstedvej 20
DK 4000 Roskilde
Denmark
Phone + 45 46 30 03 10
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 4/32
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 6
2 Kilavaat Anlinnguat area ................................................................................................... 7
3 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE REGION ........................................................................ 8
3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Precipitation ....................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Wind pattern ....................................................................................................................... 9
3.4 Fog .....................................................................................................................................10
4 Weather data collected at Killavaat Alannguat .............................................................11
5 CATCHMENT AREAS at KILLAVAAT ALANNGUAT .....................................................15
6 THE HYDROMETRIC STATION AT FOSTERSØ ............................................................17
6.1 Discharge in 2010-2011 ...................................................................................................19
6.2 Long term discharge .......................................................................................................20
7 OVERALL WATER BALANCE .........................................................................................22
7.1 Conclusion of hydrological calculations .......................................................................23
8 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................24
ANNEX 1 DISCHARGE DATA FROM FOSTERSØ ...........................................................................25
ANNEX 2 MEASURED AIR TEMPERATURE AT KILLAVAAT ALIANNGUT ..................................27
ANNEX 3 MEASURED WIND SPEED AT KILLAVAAT ALIANNGUAT...........................................28
ANNEX 4 MEASURED RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT KILLAVAAT ALIANNGUAT .............................29
ANNEX 5 MEASURED PRECIPITATION AT KILLAVAAT ALIANNGUAT......................................30
accumulated daily total ...................................................................................................................30
ANNEX 6 MEASURED WIND DIRECTION DATA AT Killavaat Aliannguat ...................................31
hourly average values .....................................................................................................................31
ANNEX 7 MEASURED WIND CLASS FREQUENCY AT KILLAVAAT ALIANNGUAT ...................32
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 5/32
List of figures
Figure 2-1 The location of the TANBREEZ Project in South Greenland. ....................................... 7 Figure 3-1 Windroses from Qaqortoq and Narsarsuaq ................................................................... 9 Figure 4-1 The weather station at Killavaat Alannguat .................................................................11 Figure 4-2 Monthly precipitation recorded at Killavaat Alannguat (St. 1004 – Mine Site)
and in Qaqortoq. ...........................................................................................................13 Figure 4-3 Measured temperature at Killavaat Alannguat (St. 1004 – Mine Site) and in
Qaqortoq. ......................................................................................................................13 Figure 5-1 Streams, rivers (blue lines) and lakes and their catchment areas (red lines)
at Killavaat Alannguat. Fostersø (Foster Lake) is marked with “470” in the
figure (the altitude of the lake). .....................................................................................15 Figure 6-1 Hydrometric station at Fostersø. ..................................................................................17 Figure 6-2 Rating curve for Fostersø (see text for explanation). ..................................................18 Figure 6-3 Measured water level in Fostersø (top), calculated outflow from Fostersø
(middle) and measured air temperature (bottom) June 2010 – October 2011. ............19 Figure 6-4 Correlation between the measured annual discharge from Lake Taseq in
1982-1991 and the recorded precipitation in Qaqortoq during the same
period. ...........................................................................................................................21 Figure 7-1 Catchment areas and locations for discharge measurements(red figures) .................22
List of Tables
Table 4-1 Summary of climate data from Killavaat Alannguat measured between May
2010 and October 2011. ...............................................................................................12 Table 6-1 Estimated annual average, minimum and maximum discharge of Fostersø ..............20 Table 6-2 Measured annual discharge from Fostersø in 2010-2011 and estimated
long-term annual discharge. .........................................................................................21 Table 7-1 Characteristics of key water courses in the project area. ...........................................23
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 6/32
1 INTRODUCTION
TANBREEZ Mining Greenland A/S is currently exploring the potential of mining
Zirconia, Rare Earth Elements, Yttrium, Niobium, Hafnium and Tantalum mine (the
TANBREEZ Project) at Killavaat Alannguat (Kringlerne) in South Greenland.
The TANBREEZ Project includes two mine sites; one at the Killavaat Alannguat plateau
at 400 – 500 m altitude and another at the shore of Kangerluarsuk Fjord where all other
mine facilities will be located.
Fostersø, which is also situated at Killavaat Alannguat, has been identified as a possible
location for deposition of tailings and waste rock. Fostersø is connected to
Kangerluarsuk Fjord through the stream Laksetværelv which discharge into Lakseelv
approximately 1 km from outlet in the fjord.
In order to better characterise the actual climate at the mine site a weather station has
been operated by Orbicon since May 2010. This note present the climate data collected
between May 2010 and October 2011.
To get a better understanding of the hydrology of the Killavaat Alannguat, and in
particular the flow in streams and rivers that connect Fostersø with the fjord, Orbicon
has been operating a hydrometric station that measure the out flow of water from
Fostersø. This station has also been running since May 2010 and the data compiled so
far is presented in this note.
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 7/32
1530
1460
1880
827
3221760
877
1910
1530
1730
13401473
1390
650
1410
1354
840
1757
456
420847
5931070
680
1387
797
640
537
464
587
1059
689
23
170
1286
541
573
392
352
194
Narsarsuaq
TANBREEZ
Narsaq
Qaqortoq
2 KILAVAAT ANLINNGUAT AREA
Kilavaat Anginnguat is situated in South Greenland at 60052’N, 45
049’W (Figure 2.1)
20 km NE of the town Qaqortoq, 40 km SW of the airport and community Narssarsuaq
and 10 km SE of the town Narsaq.
Figure 2-1 Location of the TANBREEZ Project in South Greenland
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 8/32
3 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE REGION
3.1 INTRODUCTION
South Greenland is situated at latitude 600-61
0 North and is characterized by having
arctic climate as the warmest month in the year has average temperatures below +100
Celsius.
At a regional scale the weather in South Greenland is mainly influenced by the North
American continent and the North Atlantic Ocean. But the local climate is also heavily
influenced by the Greenland Inland Ice. Another key factor is the all year round low sea
surface temperature which is causing the South Greenland waters and coasts to be part
of the arctic zone with summer temperatures below 10 degree C.
The annual average air temperature at Qaqortoq is 0.60C (Source DMI: standard period
1961-1990) some 20 km southwest of Killavaat Alannguat. Qaqortoq is situated close to
the open coast and is under influence by an oceanic weather type with cool summers
and relatively mild summers. The average January temperature in Qaqortoq is – 5.5
degree C, while the average temperature in the warmest months (July and August) is
7.2 degree C (DMI 2012).
Further inland, the weather type is more of a continental type and in South Greenland
average summer temperatures can locally exceed the 10 degree threshold, which limit
the arctic region. For example is the annual average air temperature at Narsarsuaq, 35
km northeast of Killavaat Alannguat 0.9 0C, the average January temperature is – 6.8
degree C, but 10.3 degree C in July (DMI 2012).
3.2 Precipitation
The annual average precipitation is measured to 615 mm at Narsarsuaq and 858 mm at
Qaqortoq. This reflects the fact that the Narsarsuaq is dominated by continental and dry
climate compared to the more humid air from the ocean at Qaqortoq.
The highest monthly precipitation was measured to 374 mm in July 1966 in Qaqortoq.
Local variations will occur as a consequence of changing topography affecting more
rain in the high altitudes due to the orographic effect when humid air is forced up the
mountain sides.
In the winter period where precipitation is falling as snow, the snow depth is typically
highest in February where the normal is 20 cm in Narsarsuaq and 41 cm in Qaqortoq.
The absolute maximum snow depth in Narsarsuaq was measured to 103 cm in 1973
and in Qaqortoq 204 cm measured in 1972.
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 9/32
3.3 Wind pattern
Gale force winds (above 13.8 m/s) are common in South Greenland in particular in
winter. Furthermore, down directed offshore winds may reach sea level as outbursts of
dry and relatively warm air (a foehn wind). This is a warm dry wind arising through
adiabatic compression of the air sweeping down from the inland ice cap. Its relative
humidity drops to 30-40% and the temperatures rises up to 15-20 degrees C within an
hour and remains very high for up to a day or two. The effect of the foehn wind is
particularly marked in winter, when it results in rapid melting of the snow.
The wind pattern in the region is much dependent of local variations in topography,
even though the general atmosferic circulation is the driving force and determine
whether the wind is coming from the costal region or perhaps from the caractheristic
Föhn situations with strong gales coming from the NE.
Both at Qaqortoq and Narsarsuaq is the prevailing wind direction NE or the opposite
direction SW. Figure 3-1. Characteristic is that Qaqortoq is exposed for a much more
differing wind pattern than Narsarsuaq who is very dominated by the orientation of the
Narsarsuaq Valley
Wind of character of storm or higher is mostly occuring from NE and is often of
character of katabatic winds like the dry and warm Föhn winds.
DMI station Qaqortoq 1961 – 1999 DMI station Narsarsuaq 1961 – 1999
Figure 3-1 Windroses from Qaqortoq and Narsarsuaq
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 10/32
On average the wind is less than 1.5 m/s or zero in 44% of the year at Narsarsuaq,
compared to 41% at Qaqortoq.
The frequency of storms counted as number of days a year with winds higher than 28.5
m/s, is 1.3 at Narsarsuaq and 2.7 at Qaqortoq.
3.4 Fog
Even though the weather often is clear with excellent visibility, there are also periods
with fog. The sea fog season is from May to September where relatively cold sea water
is cooling the passing air masses with condensation and advection fog as a result.
The sea fog is more frequent in Qaqortoq and decreasing when moving towards East,
more inland and closer to the ice sheet. Number of days with fog and visibility less than
1 km is 18 days in Narsarsuaq and 53 days a year in Qaqortoq.
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 11/32
4 WEATHER DATA COLLECTED AT KILLAVAAT ALANNGUAT
The weather station at Killavaat Alannguat since 23 May 2010 (Figure 4.1) has collected
information on wind speed and direction, temperature, barometric pressure humidity
and precipitation. The collected data are shown in Annex 2 – 7. A summary of the
collected data are presented in Table 4-1.
Figure 4-1 The weather station at Killavaat Alannguat
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 12/32
Air Temperature Humidity Wind speed Precipitation
Meas. Seqence 1. hour 1. Hour 1. Hour avg 1 hour max 10. min avg
Period value Avg Min Max Avg Avg Max Max Total
Year/Month Co Co Co % m/s m/s m/s mm
1 - - - - - - - -
2 - - - - - - - -
3 - - - - - - - -
4 - - - - - - - -
5 9.3 1.8 15.7 47 4.6 29.1 27.4 -
6 8.5 1.9 17.0 70 2.9 28.3 20.7 65
7 9.0 2.9 17.1 77 2.6 27.0 21.4 80
8 10.1 4.4 18.0 84 2.3 25.8 17.9 174
9 7.2 0.2 17.0 68 3.4 52.4 30.4 98
10 3.1 -6.9 13.2 64 4.6 52.1 31.7 51
11 0.8 -6.0 9.6 60 5.9 43.9 30.9 125
12 1.1 -9.2 10.8 60 3.2 39.1 32.1 100
2010 5.8 -9.2 18.0 68 3.6 52.4 32.1 691
1 -4.6 -15.9 7.5 60 3.1 26.2 20.1 71
2 -7.0 -16.4 4.7 66 5.0 41.0 22.7 71
3 -7.0 -21.0 8.8 60 4.9 33.7 27.1 40
4 -6.8 -16.8 0.8 66 3.5 20.7 16.7 48
5 0.1 -4.6 7.6 74 2.3 15.9 12.3 66
6 6.3 -3.1 15.4 69 2.8 36.0 23.3 17
7 9.7 3.3 16.6 68 2.7 27.5 18.3 64
8 8.0 1.4 17.0 76 2.5 33.4 21.1 122
9 4.5 -3.4 10.7 64 2.4 35.0 23.6 72
10 -1.8 -8.4 7.1 60 2.2 32.3 24.1 43
11 - - - - - - - -
12 - - - - - - - -
2011 0.2 -21.0 17.0 66 3.1 41.0 27.1 614
Table 4-1 Summary of climate data from Killavaat Alannguat measured between May 2010 and October 2011
The weather regime in the Killavaat Alannguat area takes an intermediate position
between Qaqortoq and Narsarsuaq. This means that Killavaat Alannguat lies within the
Arctic climate zone, with cool summers and cold winters.
The annual precipitation from November 2010 to October 2011 at Killavaat Alannguat
was 840 mm while only 660 mm was recorded in Qaqortoq during the same period. The
monthly precipitation recorded at these two sites is shown in Figure 4-2. This higher
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 13/32
precipitation measured at Killavaat Alannguat compared to Qaqortoq is most likely due
to the fact that the station at Killavaat Alannguat is at 450 m altitude while the weather
station at Qaqortoq is at 100m. A 5% increase in precipitation for every 100 altitude is
often recorded in coastal Greenland.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140P
reci
pit
atio
n (
mm
)
St. 1004 - Mine Site
Qaqortoq
Figure 4-2 Monthly precipitation recorded at Killavaat Alannguat (St. 1004 – Mine Site) and in Qaqortoq
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Air
te
mp
era
ture
(C0)
St. 1004 - Mine Site
Qaqortoq
Figure 4-3 Measured temperature at Killavaat Alannguat (St. 1004 – Mine Site) and in Qaqortoq
The temperature at Killavaat Alannguat during the summer months is almost similar to
Qaqortoq, while in the winter months the temperature is much lower at Killavaat
Alannguat (Figure 4-3). This is probably a combination of the more coastal climate at
Qaqortoq and the 350 m difference in altitude.
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 14/32
Very high wind speeds have also been recorded at Killavaat Alannguat with a
maximum wind speed of 52.4 m/s in September 2010 but many incidences with wind
speed over 30 m/s (Annex 3).
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 15/32
5 CATCHMENT AREAS AT KILLAVAAT ALANNGUAT
Streams, rivers and lakes at Killavaat Alannguat with their catchment areas are shown
in Figure 5.1. The topography and morphology of this area varied considerably and
include the steep and very significant 1200 meter high mountain ridge “Redekammen”,
which forms the catchment boundary towards the South-east. Most of the area that
surrounds Fostersø is an elevated plateau with almost no vegetation. This is in contrast
to the lower and downstream Lakseelv-valley, which has dense vegetation of dwarf heat
and grasses.
Hydrology station
Climate station
Figure 5-1 Streams, rivers (blue lines) and lakes and their catchment areas (red lines) at Killavaat Alannguat. Fostersø (Foster Lake) is marked with “470” in the figure (the altitude of the lake)
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 16/32
The small stream Laksetværelv is the outlet of Fostersø. This stream has steep gradient
resulting in a turbulent character with many small waterfalls. Laksetværelv joins
Lakseelv about 1 km before the fjord.
Lakseelv has a total catchment area of 26 km2. Laksetværelv and its sub-catchment
areas which cover 6.4 km2 make up 25% of this area.
The runoff pattern in the area varies according to the vegetation cover, soil layer
thickness and topography. Typically an increase in water flow is recorded very shortly
after precipitation events, even though Fostersø acts as a buffer and delays the flow to
some extent. This is particularly obvious in the dry periods of the summer.
A base flow or contribution from soil and ground water storage is usually not very
important in cold region such as South Greenland. However, some base flow of soil
and/or ground water must take place since water is flowing in Lakseelv throughout the
year (that is even during mid-winter).
Laksetværelv
Laksetværelv
_
Lakseelv with confluence from Laksetværelv
_
Lakseelv and Valley upstream Laksetværelv
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 17/32
6 THE HYDROMETRIC STATION AT FOSTERSØ
If Fostersø is to be used as tailings pond and for deposition of waste rock, it is important
to known the retention time of water in the lake. To calculate this, a key figure is annual
discharge but also annual variation, minimum flow and maximum flow is necessarily
information.
A hydrometric station has therefore been running at the outlet of Foster Lake since May
2010 (Figure 6.1).
Figure 6-1 Hydrometric station at Fostersø
This hydrometric station measures and store information about the water level in
Fostersø. Based on the relation between the recorded water levels and a series of
discrete discharge measurements it is possible to estimate the relation between these
parameters and thereby calculate a continuous time series of discharge data.
The hydrometric station has been operated with a Campbell Scientific data logger,
measuring the water level through a submerged pressure transducer. The data logger is
powered by a 12 volt accumulator and a 10 Watt solar panel. Data transmission is
provided by the Iridium satellite system.
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 18/32
As a backup, a standalone submerged mini-data logger is deployed in the Fostersø
approximately 50 meter north of the main station. Data from this station has not yet
been collected.
The rating curve expresses the relation between the water level in the lake (H) and the
discharge (Q) and is dependent on the hydraulic conditions at the outlet from the lake.
The rating curve for Fostersø is shown in Figure 6.2.
Wate
r le
vel m
datu
m
99.70
99.72
99.74
99.76
99.78
99.80
99.82
99.84
99.86
99.88
99.90
99.92
99.94
99.96
99.98
100.00
Flow m3/s
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
Figure 6-2 Rating curve for Fostersø (see text for explanation)
The rating curve makes it possible to construct a time series of discharge values
derived from the continuously recorded water level in the lake. Figure 6.3 (top) show the
measured water level in Fostersø between June 2010 and October 2011. The middle
figure shows the estimated outflow from the lake (through Laksetværelv) in the same
period. The bottom figure show the measured air temperature during the same period
as measured at the nearby climate station.
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 19/32
LT
EM
P [C
]
-20
-10
-0
10
20
jul
2010
sep
2010
nov
2010
jan
2011
mar
2011
maj
2011
jul
2011
sep
2011
nov
2011
jan
2012
mar
2012
maj
2012
jul
2012
sep
2012
Privat DDH : 1004 Killavaat Aliannguat, Minesite
1004 [ 1] [LTEMP] [EDT] [Øje] [MI]
VN
F [m
3/s
]
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
jul
2010
sep
2010
nov
2010
jan
2011
mar
2011
maj
2011
jul
2011
sep
2011
nov
2011
jan
2012
mar
2012
maj
2012
jul
2012
sep
2012
Privat DDH : 1003 Killavaat Aliannguat, Foster sø, outlet
1003 [ 1] [VNF] [EDT] [Mid] [DD] 1003 [ 1] [VNF] [VIR] [Øje] [MI]
VS
T [m
Level]
99.8
100.0
100.2
jul
2010
sep
2010
nov
2010
jan
2011
mar
2011
maj
2011
jul
2011
sep
2011
nov
2011
jan
2012
mar
2012
maj
2012
jul
2012
sep
2012
Privat DDH : 1003 Killavaat Aliannguat, Foster sø, outlet
1003 [ 1] [VST] [EDT] [Øje] [SS] 1003 [ 1] [VST] [VIR] [Øje] [MI]
Figure 6-3 Measured water level in Fostersø (top), calculated outflow from Fostersø (middle) and measured air temperature (bottom) June 2010 – September 2012
It is clear from curve in Figure 6.3 (top) that the water level is changing with the rain
events and snow melt. However, from mid-January to end of March the water level was
steadily increasing in the lake. This is because the outflow was blocked by ice but a
steady inflow of water still took place, probably mostly ground/soil water, leading to an
increase in the level.
When the first strong thaw/rain event occurs by the end of March the blockage melted
and the water from the lake is forced out through Laksetværelv (Figure 6.3, top and
middle).
6.1 Discharge in 2010-2011
The calculated discharge data (in Figure 6.3 middle) makes it possible to calculate the
annual outflow from Fostersø during a full year (October 2010-September 2011). This,
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 20/32
combined with data on precipitation in the region, makes it further possible to assess if
the calculated data from 2010-2011are typical, or perhaps reflects a particularly dry or
wet year (see Section 6.2).
St. No. Name Year
Annual
Average
(m3/s)
Annual
Min
(m3/s)
Annual Max
(m3/s)
1003 Foster Lake Oct 2010-Sept 2011 0.08 0 0.6*
Table 6-1 Estimated annual average, minimum and maximum discharge of Fostersø
* The calculated max. discharge at 0.6 m3/s originates from the melt of the ice blockage at the outlet in end
March 2011. The calculated ice free maximum discharge is 0.3 m3/s, measured the 8. June 2011.
6.2 Long term discharge
The discharge data in Section 6.1 is based on a single year’s data. To assess if the
calculated data from 2010-2011 are typical, or perhaps reflects a particularly dry or wet
year, longer series of discharge series are required. One such data series exists from
Lake Taseq close to Narsaq and some 12 km from Fostersø. Here data were collected
from 1982 to 1991. These data were compared with precipitation data from Qaqortoq
from the same period and a statistic significant correlation was found (Figure 6.4). It can
further be calculated that that Taseq has a specific discharge of 42 m3/second/km
2 of
catchment area.
Assuming that the catchment areas of Taseq and Fostersø are comparable as they are
both pure precipitation driven without any glacial ablation contribution, the main
difference in their discharge is the size of the catchment area (Taseq is 7.4 km2 while
the catchment area of Fostersø is 3.4 km2).
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 21/32
y = 0.4336x - 91.618R² = 0.8873
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500
An
nu
al a
vera
ge d
isch
arge
st.
43
1 (l
/s)
Annual Precipitation Qaqortoq (mm)
Figure 6-4 Correlation between the measured annual discharge from Lake Taseq in 1982-1991 and the recorded precipitation in Qaqortoq during the same period
Taking this into account, and using a specific discharge of 42 m3/second/km
2 of
catchment area, the long term annual discharge from Fostersø can be calculated to
0.15 m3/s (Table 6-2). This value is considerably higher than the 0.08 m
3/s measured in
2010/2011. The difference is most likely due to the measuring period in 2010-2011 was
unusually dry.
Name Annual average in
2010-2011
(m3/s)
Annual average long term discharge
(m3/s)
Measured Model Average
year
Max year Min. year
Fostersø 0.08 0.09 0.15 0.24 0,02
Table 6-2 Measured annual discharge from Fostersø in 2010-2011 and estimated long-term annual discharge.
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 22/32
7 OVERALL WATER BALANCE
Based on the estimates of the long term specific runoff from Foster Lake it is possible to
calculate the discharge from other adjacent catchments based on the assumption that
they represent the same specific runoff.
In May 2010 the flow in all streams and rivers in the Project were measured within a few
days and in a steady discharge situation. The location of each measurement site is
shown in Figure 7.1. The objective was to estimate the discharge distribution from the
sub-catchments in the area and by this improve the knowledge about the quantitative
contribution of water from Laksetværelv and Foster Lake to the recipient Lakseelv.
C
B
DE
GA
F
Klimastation
Hydrometristation
0 0.6264
kilometer
Figure 7-1 Catchment areas and locations for discharge measurements (red figures)
Table 7-1 summarizes the estimated discharge of key watercourses in the Project area
based on the measurement campaign in May 2010. From the table it can be calculated
that the discharge from Fostersø contribute with c. 20% of the water in Lakseelv at its
outlet to the fjord. In addition a further 5% is added from catchment areas downstream
Fostersø, so that 25% of the water in Lakseelv at the outlet comes from Laksetværelv.
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 23/32
A. Calculated B. Measured or B/A
annual mean Calculated
River Name Location Catchment* discharge ** May 2010
system area km2 l/s l/s
A Lakse elv 100 meter us Laksetværelv 19.6 821 280 0.34
B Laksetværelv outlet Foster Lake 3.4 141 65 0.46
C Tributary river from north west 0.9 37 10 0.27
D Laksetværelv us confluence from Månesø 4.2 178 79 0.44
E Månesø river ds Månesø 0.9 37 10 0.27
F Laksetværelv us delta 6.4 270 112 0.42
G Lakseelv ds Laksetværelv 26.0 1091 392 0.36
Table 7-1 Characteristics of key water courses in the project area
* Catchments area is derived from the 1:250.000 topographical maps.
** Based on specific runoff 42 l/s/km2 and catchment area.
7.1 Conclusion of hydrological calculations
The annual average discharge at the outlet of Fostersø is 0.15 m3/s or
estimated as runoff 42 l/s/km2 catchment area.
On average Fostersø contribute annually with 20% of the water in Lakseelv.
In addition further 5% is added from the catchment downstream, which in total
is similar to 25% of water from Laksetværelv to Lakseelv.
In winter situations with prolonged periods with frost, Fostersø is stopping
feeding water to Laksetværelv.
Intermediate thaw periods can cause sudden floods from Laksetværelv to
Lakseelv. This was recorded in the measurement period 2010-2011
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 24/32
8 REFERENCES
Danish Meteorological Institute 2001.Technical Report 00-18. The observed climate of
Greenland 1598-99.
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 25/32
ANNEX 1 DISCHARGE DATA FROM FOSTERSØ
m3/s 2010
Day JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
1 * * * * * 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.14 0.07 0.04 0.09
2 * * * * * 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.07 0.04 0.08
3 * * * * * 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.04 0.08
4 * * * * * 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.07
5 * * * * * 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.07
6 * * * * * 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.07
7 * * * * * 0.06 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.06
8 * * * * * 0.06 0.05 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.07
9 * * * * * 0.07 0.05 0.15 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.09
10 * * * * * 0.07 0.05 0.17 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.10
11 * * * * * 0.07 0.05 0.18 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.15
12 * * * * * 0.07 0.05 0.20 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.16
13 * * * * * 0.08 0.04 0.19 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.15
14 * * * * * 0.07 0.04 0.18 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.12
15 * * * * * 0.08 0.04 0.16 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.11
16 * * * * * 0.07 0.06 0.14 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.10
17 * * * * * 0.07 0.05 0.13 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.09
18 * * * * * 0.07 0.05 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.09
19 * * * * * 0.08 0.05 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.08
20 * * * * * 0.08 0.04 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.08
21 * * * * * 0.08 0.04 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.07
22 * * * * * 0.08 0.05 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.08
23 * * * * * 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07
24 * * * * * 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.07
25 * * * * * 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.06
26 * * * * * 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.06
27 * * * * * 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.06
28 * * * * * 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.05
29 * * * * 0.07 0.05 0.12 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.06
30 * * * 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.08
31 * * 0.06 0.09 0.14 0.05 0.08
Max * * * * 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.20 0.14 0.07 0.07 0.16
Min * * * * 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.05
Avg * * * * 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.09
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 26/32
m3/s 2011
Day JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
1 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.09 0.14 0.06 * *
2 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.07 0.10 0.18 0.08 0.12 0.06 * *
3 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.07 0.10 0.17 0.08 0.11 0.06 * *
4 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.07 0.10 0.16 0.07 0.13 0.06 * *
5 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.07 0.13 0.16 0.07 0.15 0.06 * *
6 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.07 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.15 0.05 * *
7 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.07 0.30 0.14 0.06 0.14 0.05 * *
8 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.07 0.35 0.13 0.06 0.13 0.06 * *
9 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.07 0.31 0.14 0.06 0.14 0.05 * *
10 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.07 0.29 0.14 0.06 0.13 0.05 * *
11 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.08 0.27 0.13 0.05 0.12 0.05 * *
12 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.08 0.27 0.12 0.05 0.11 0.05 * *
13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.09 0.26 0.12 0.05 0.10 0.05 * *
14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.24 0.11 0.05 0.10 0.04 * *
15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.23 0.11 0.05 0.12 0.04 * *
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.10 0.23 0.10 0.05 0.12 0.04 * *
17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.10 0.23 0.10 0.05 0.11 0.04 * *
18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.10 0.22 0.09 0.04 0.10 0.04 * *
19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.09 0.21 0.10 0.03 0.09 0.05 * *
20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.09 0.21 0.10 0.03 0.09 0.06 * *
21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.09 0.21 0.10 0.03 0.09 0.06 * *
22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.09 0.20 0.11 0.03 0.08 0.05 * *
23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.09 0.20 0.12 0.03 0.08 0.05 * *
24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.08 0.19 0.13 0.03 0.08 0.05 * *
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.13 0.04 0.07 0.04 * *
26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.13 0.18 0.13 0.05 0.07 0.04 * *
27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.15 0.17 0.12 0.13 0.07 0.04 * *
28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.13 0.19 0.11 0.17 0.07 0.04 * *
29 0.00 0.64 0.08 0.11 0.20 0.11 0.22 0.06 0.04 * *
30 0.00 0.32 0.07 0.11 0.19 0.10 0.20 0.06 0.04 * *
31 0.00 0.23 0.10 0.09 0.16 * *
Max 0.08 0.00 0.64 0.18 0.15 0.35 0.19 0.22 0.15 0.06 * *
Min 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.03 0.06 0.04 * *
Avg 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.10 0.09 0.21 0.13 0.07 0.10 0.05 * *
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 27/32
ANNEX 2 MEASURED AIR TEMPERATURE AT KILLAVAAT ALIANNGUT LT
EM
P [C
]
-20
-15
-10
-5
-0
5
10
15
20
jun
2010
jul
2010
aug
2010
sep
2010
okt
2010
nov
2010
dec
2010
jan
2011
feb
2011
mar
2011
apr
2011
maj
2011
jun
2011
jul
2011
aug
2011
sep
2011
okt
2011
Privat DDH : 1004 Killavaat Aliannguat, Minesite
1004 [ 1] [LTEMP] [EDT] [Øje] [MI]
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 28/32
ANNEX 3 MEASURED WIND SPEED AT KILLAVAAT ALIANNGUAT V
-Hast [m
/s]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
jun
2010
jul
2010
aug
2010
sep
2010
okt
2010
nov
2010
dec
2010
jan
2011
feb
2011
mar
2011
apr
2011
maj
2011
jun
2011
jul
2011
aug
2011
sep
2011
okt
2011
Privat DDH : 1004 Killavaat Aliannguat, Minesite
1004 [ 2] [V-Hast] [RAW] [Øje] [MI]
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 29/32
ANNEX 4 MEASURED RELATIVE HUMIDITY AT KILLAVAAT ALIANNGUAT
LF
UG
T [%
]
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
jun
2010
jul
2010
aug
2010
sep
2010
okt
2010
nov
2010
dec
2010
jan
2011
feb
2011
mar
2011
apr
2011
maj
2011
jun
2011
jul
2011
aug
2011
sep
2011
okt
2011
Privat DDH : 1004 Killavaat Aliannguat, Minesite
1004 [ 1] [LFUGT] [RAW] [Øje] [MI]
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 30/32
ANNEX 5 MEASURED PRECIPITATION AT KILLAVAAT ALIANNGUAT
ACCUMULATED DAILY TOTAL
NB
[m
m]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
jun
2010
jul
2010
aug
2010
sep
2010
okt
2010
nov
2010
dec
2010
jan
2011
feb
2011
mar
2011
apr
2011
maj
2011
jun
2011
jul
2011
aug
2011
sep
2011
okt
2011
Privat DDH : 1004 Killavaat Aliannguat, Minesite
1004 [ 1] [NB] [DYN] [Sum] [DD]
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 31/32
ANNEX 6 MEASURED WIND DIRECTION DATA AT KILLAVAAT ALIANNGUAT
HOURLY AVERAGE VALUES
NORTH
SOUTH
WEST EAST
4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
WIND SPEED
(m/s)
>= 30.0
25.0 - 30.0
20.0 - 25.0
15.0 - 20.0
10.0 - 15.0
5.0 - 10.0
2.0 - 5.0
0.5 - 2.0
Calms: 9.68%
Climate and Hydrology - Environmental Impact Assessment for TANBREEZ Project 32/32
ANNEX 7 MEASURED WIND CLASS FREQUENCY AT KILLAVAAT ALIANNGUAT
9.7
40.2
32.4
10.3
3.82.1
1.1 0.4 0.10
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
%
Wind Class Frequency Distribution
Wind Class (m/s)
Calms 0.5 - 2.0
2.0 - 5.0 5.0 - 10.0
10.0 - 15.015.0 - 20.0
20.0 - 25.025.0 - 30.0
>= 30.0