EU Project Development of Estonian Air Quality Management
System- actions and outcomesLa Rochelle, 26 -27 October 2006
Tarmo Pauklin
Estonian Environmental Research Centre
The BackgroundThe Background
According to the Air Quality Framework Directive According to the Air Quality Framework Directive 96/62/EC, all EU Member States,96/62/EC, all EU Member States,which do not have representative measurements of the which do not have representative measurements of the levels of pollutants for all zones andlevels of pollutants for all zones and agglomerationsagglomerationsshall undertake series of representative shall undertake series of representative measurements, surveys or assessmentsmeasurements, surveys or assessmentsin order to have the data available for implementation in order to have the data available for implementation of the Directiveof the Directive.
Authorities responsible for air pollution abatement in Estonia
Ministry ofEnvironment
EstonianEnvironmental
Research Centre
EnvironmentalInformation
Centre
EnvironmentalInspectorate
CountyEnvironmentalDepartments
Previous Phare projects
EL Phare Air Accession Twinning Project ES98/ IB-EN-018a, Air Quality management: issues for EU accession
EL Phare Air Accession Project ES 9805.02, Supply of Air Monitoring Equipment (Investment)
Development of Estonian Air Quality Management System was one of the main recommendation made by the Twinning project.
What is Air Quality Management?
An endless loop ofo Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Datao Emission Databaseso Air Quality Modelling Training Evaluation
Principle of the system
Dispersionmodelling
Emissions
Meteorologicaldata
Air qualitymonitoring
Calculatedlevels
Checkingemissions
Based on meteorology and emission inventories the levels of air pollutants are calculated using dispersion modelling. Calculated levels are compared with measured values. If calculated and measured values are different the emission sources are checked by measurements.
Scheme of National AQMS
Air Emission Databaseand Modelling
Emission Database(EIC)
Meteorology(EMHI) Air Quality Monitoring
Stations (EERC)
Background Urban IndustryMobile stations
Public Accessto Information
EnvironmentalSupervision (EIC)
Media WWW Screens
StrategicalDecision-makińg
ReportingUN/EU
CEDs Planners
Localgovernments
The GoalThe Goal of the Project of the Project::
To Provide EstoniaTo Provide Estoniawith awith a
Modern NationwideModern NationwideAir Quality Management SystemAir Quality Management System
Progress of the project
As the tender was technically very complicated the preparation and approvement of final Tender Dossier took 17 months (November 2002 – April 2004)
The first draft version of Tender Dossier was sent to Ministry of Finance (MoF) in 14th of November 2002. Analysis of the Tender Dossier was made by the Expert
The deadline for submission of offers for the supply component was on the 28th of June 2004 and there were two tenders. The evaluation of tenders took place in two periods totally from 28th of June until 30 November of 2004
The contract was signed with SMHI on 16 of February 2005
Duration of the project- one year, budget 3,5 MEUR
Main obligations of the Estonian AQMS according the Project
National obligations – reporting to the EU and international organizations
Maintaining and ensuring good air quality by planning activities and assessments
Dissemination of the information to public regarding the air quality in Estonia
Components of the Project
Air Quality Modelling Internet Based Application System Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Stations Meteorological Measurement Equipment Passives Sampler Campaigns Laboratory Equipment Computers Training
Main Partners
Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC)via the formal BeneficiaryThe Ministry of Environment
SMHI, Sweden Apertum, Sweden (Internet System) Candela, Poland (Laboratory Equipment) Conexor, Sweden (Project Management) FDS, Sweden (Meteorological Equipment) Horiba, Germany (Monitoring Equipment) IVL, Sweden (Passive Samplers) Kernel, Estonia (Computers)
Main Estonian Partners
Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC) Ministry of Environment (MoE) Environmental Information Centre (EIC) Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (EMHI) Environmental Inspectorate (EI) County Environmental Departments City / Municipality Environmental Departments with Tallinn City as
the leading agency
AirViro
One corner stone is that only ONE software application installation is needed (in the Central Office).
Users at the Central Offices access via the Local Area Network (LAN).
County Offices access via the Internet utilising a standard PC with Office Package and an Internet connection. No additional application/software installations are needed at the County Offices.
Project supply
Workstations – air quality experts at EI and CEDs were equipped with workstations and laptops to use the system
Two identical IBM server systems – in EERC and EIC, mirrored with each other
Server system, workstations and IAirViro software with extensive training and development (creation of emission databases, meteorological databases etc)
Air Quality Modelling
Wind model Langrangean / Gaussian
model Grid model MATCH model Heavy gas model Street canyon model Receptor model
Emission Database
Organizes emission information Provides reporting functions
for local and EU use Provides simulation functions Input to dispersion modelling
Upgrading the monitoring stations
Existing monitoring stations were upgraded. Analyzers were replaced and new components added
Meteorological masts added to background stations
Displaceable monitoring stations for modelling purposes were equipped
Air Quality Monitoring Equipment
Three new monitoring stations will measure
SO2
NOX
O3
PM 10 / 2.5 TSP BTX
C O M 1 C O M 2 C O M 1 C O M 2
D i g i t a l I / O
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A D C D A C
R S 2 3 2
C P U
A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- H V
P
B l a c k C a r b o n D e t e c t o r
T S P - h e a d / P M - 1 0 / P M - 2 . 5
S i m u l t a n e o u s P a r t i c u l a t e s a m p l i n g a n d M e a s u r e m e t
F i l t e r b a n d
A i r F l o w M e a s u r e m e n t a n d - A i r F l o w R e g u l a t i o n
1 M e a s u r e m e n t - I - C h a m b e r 2 D u s t S a m p l i n g 3 S u c t i o n C h a m b e r 4 K r - 8 5 g a s e o u s S o u r c e 5 C o m p e n s a t i o n C h a m b e r I 6 C o m p e n s a t i o n C h a m b e r I I 7 C o m p . - I - C h a m b e r
Estonian AQ monitoring network
Urban stations
Background stations
Meteorological Equipment
Three 24 meter masts will provide input to large scale modelling
– Ultrasonic Anemometers(x, y, z) wind components
– Differential temperature– Temperature– Humidity– Precipitation
Contract with EMT was signed to use existing GSM masts for the meteorological sensors and their infrastructure for data collection.
Advanced meteorological masts
Air quality modelling is based on meteorological parameters. For the system currently four masts are used.
Meteorological mast in Tallinn operates since 1994
Passive Samplers
The pollutant is transported to the sorbent by molecular diffusion
Sampling time1 – 4 weeks
SO2, NO2, VOC 145 samplers per
campaign;3 campaigns nationwide
Passive Samplers Campaigns
The measurement campaigns show very low SO2 and NO2 values for background sites.
Some city locations have rather high levels of NO2 and VOC.
Laboratory Equipment
Chromato-mass detector for organic pollution determination
High performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and UV detector (ketones + aldehydes)
Heavy metal detection equipment ICP (air + precipitation)
International Reporting
Functions for regular reporting to EU
Optimized use of a modern
Air Quality Monitoring System Problems
? Many organizations involved? Re-organisations occur? Staff competence and training? Service & Maintenance of
computers, monitoring equipment, etc
? System Manager function? Daily operations? Use of reports and results? Maintenance of Emission
Database ? Daily checks
Optimized use of a modernAir Quality Monitoring System Solutions
+ Structured organization+ Clarified responsibilities and interfaces+ Allocated resources
International obligations
Reporting pursuant to directive 2004/461/EEC covering air quality measurements carried out according air quality framework directive and daughter directives
Reporting of the ozone concentrations according the directive 2002/3/EC
Dissemination of the monitoring information to public according air quality framework directive 96/62/EC
Development of the action plans according the air quality framework directive 96/62/EC
EMEP reporting to Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) EIONET reporting (DEM format) Composing of the digital pollution maps
National obligations
Coordination of the ambient air quality monitoring in the zones and agglomerations
Planning of the air quality measurement campaigns in problematic areas and consultation
Composing and distributing printed matter about the importance of the air quality
Verifying air emission databases using combination of the modelling and monitoring
Measurement and comparison of the levels of the 13 priority pollutants with limit values
Development and implementation of the new analysis and sampling methods for ambient air pollutants
Other obligations
Development and keeping up to date of the local air emission databases
Assessment of the new pollution permits regarding existing pollution levels
Comparing existing pollution permits with the national emission database
Introducing traffic counting data to the emission database
Inserting meteorological data from other institutions to the air quality management system
Obligations of the EERC
Checking emission data by comparison of the modelling results with national monitoring
Assessment of the background concentrations and dissemination of the digital concentration maps
Maintenance and development of the AQMS Assisting inspection authorities to solve causes of the specific
pollution episodes (monitoring + modelling) Forecast pollution distribution and dispersion during big accidents
(precalculated and assessed scenarios for big pollution sources and industries)
Development of the air quality action plans with county environmental departments and local authorities
Other obligations
Development and maintenance of the county air emission databases
Checking existing pollution level prior issuing new air pollution permits
Checking and comparison of the existing pollution permits with the national emission database
Introducing traffic counting data to the emission database
Inserting meteorological data from other institutions to the air quality management system
Problematic pollutants in Estonia
Exceedencies of PM10 limit values in Tallinn and in other cities;
In background stations ozone concentrations tend to exceed even new target values during spring and summer months;
In Kohtla-Järve area (oil-shale industry) high levels of specific pollutants are of great concern – hydrogen sulphide, phenols and formaldehyde.
Concentration of H2S
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
SPV1 = 8 g/m3
Ko
nts
entr
atsi
oo
n, g
/m3
September Oktoober November Detsember
In September 2004 automatic H2S analyzer was installed.
Problem in Kohtla-Järve
Monitoring station
Enterprises
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5
6
0
1
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3
4
5
6
NW
W
SW
S
SE
E
NE
kon
tsen
trat
sio
on
, g
/m3
N
H2S concentrations in Kohtla-Järvel
Biggest threats to the system
Quality of the output of the system depends on quality of the input data – main source of the errors is air emission database
Most important partner is county environmental department (inserting and checking new emission data), without adequate emission data activities of the other partners is irrelevant
Long-term financing of the maintenance of the system and accompanying obligations, enacting exact obligations of the parties
Conclusions and lessons learnt
The first nationwide edb is developed (3500 point sources, 2900 road links)
– New type of sources (house holds, traffic, trains, planes) staff Plans & programs Kohtla- Järve, Muuga harbor Drafting action plans for Tallinn agglomeration and Ida-
Virumaa zone inform public about air quality and pollution episodes (
http://mail.klab.ee/seire/airviro)
Thank you for your attention!