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Presentation from the 2013 World Water Week in Stockholm
United Nations World Water Development Report 2014
Water and EnergyTeaser Presentation
Stockholm
September 2013
Part 1: Status, Trends and Challenges Chapter 1
Similarities, differences and divergences
Sustainable development Economic perspective Climate change Gender and equity
Water: Demands, energy requirements and availability
External pressures Current and projected water demand Energy requirements for provision of
water services Water availability
Part 1: Status, Trends and Challenges Chapter 2
Highlight: Resent evidence of increasing groundwater stress
Figure 2.3 Water stress of aquifers important for farming (Nature 488, 197–200)
Part 1: Status, Trends and Challenges Chapter 2
Energy’s thirst for water:
Global energy demand (present and future)
Primary energy (fossil fuels and biofuels) Current and projected water demand
Electrical power generation (thermal, nuclear, hydro, solar & wind, geothermal)
Water implications of energy policy
Part 1: Status, Trends and Challenges Chapter 3
Highlight: Demand for all types of primary fuels will increase over the next 20 years
Figure 3.2 World primary energy demand by fuel in the New Policies Scenario. Source: IEA (2012).
Part 1: Status, Trends and Challenges Chapter 3
Reality check: Water demand for energy depends not only on the type of fuel, but very much on the
extraction process
Figure 3.1 Water withdrawals and consumption vary for fuel production. Source: IEA (2012)
Part 1: Status, Trends and Challenges Chapter 3
Reality check: 80% of the world’s electricity is provided by thermal power
Figure 3.5 World electricity generation by source of energy in 2010
Part 1: Status, Trends and Challenges Chapter 3
Reality check: By 2030, thermal power generation will continue to dominate the energy mix
Figure 3.9 Water use for electricity generation by cooling technology. Source: IEA (2012)
Part 1: Status, Trends and Challenges Chapter 3
Part 1: Status, Trends and Challenges Chapter 4The contents of the Data and Indicators Annex (DIA) of the WWDR‐2014
1. Population growth and urbanization 16. Water use for energy production
2. Total actual renewable water resources 17. World primary energy demand: trends and projections by WEO (Mtoe)
3. Water withdrawal per sector 18. Trends in ISO 140001 certification
4. Water withdrawal per inhabitant 19. ISO 50001 certification
5. Annual average water scarcity in major river basins (1996–2005)
20. Trends in geothermal electricity output
6. Access to improved drinking water 21. Total dam capacity (km3)
7. Electricity consumption (2000–2010) 22. Total dam capacity per capita (m3/inhab)
8. Electricity consumption per population 23. Typical estimates of energy requirements for water and wastewater treatment and distribution
9. People without access to electricity 24. Indicative energy use of municipal water and wastewater services
10. Total primary energy supply by source 25. Energy and cost implications of desalination by technology utilized
11. Electricity generation by energy source 26. Trends in desalination power consumption
12. Hydropower production 27. Desalination: global cumulative online capacity
13. Hydropower: economically feasible versus actually developed
28. Water footprint of energy generation by fuel and cooling technology
14. Use of dams by purpose 29. Water and energy in national policy
15. Carbon intensity of electricity generation
Part 2: Thematic Focus Chapter 5
Infrastructure (World Bank)
Financing infrastructure for development Opportunities for synergies Combined power and desalination plants Alternative water resources for thermal
power plant cooling Combined heat and power plants Sewerage water energy recovery
Part 2: Thematic Focus Chapter 6
Food and Agriculture (FAO)
The water-energy-food nexus Effects of increasing food demand on
water and energy Energy use in agrifood systems Biofuel impacts on food security and
water Energy smart agriculture
Part 2: Thematic Focus Chapter 7
Cities (UN Habitat)
Global urbanizing trends Urban water and energy demands The water-energy nexus in the urban
context Re-thinking urban development in terms
of water and energy
Part 2: Thematic Focus Chapter 8
Industry (UNIDO)
The relationship between water, energy and industry
The status of water and energy in industry (trends, water quality, low income countries, private enterprise)
Water and energy metrics Externalities Opportunities and trade-offs
Part 2: Thematic Focus Chapter 9
Ecosystems (UNEP)
Ecosystems as the foundation of the water-energy nexus
Dependencies and impacts (hydropower, bioenergy, fossil fuels, thermal power)
An ecosystem approach to the water-energy nexus
Part 3: Regional Focus Chapters 10-14
Europe and North America (UNECE)
Hydropower Conflicts Coping with water scarcity Climate change Unconventional sources of oil and gas
Asia and the Pacific (UNECAP)
Hydropower Coal Biofuels
Part 3: Regional Focus Chapters 10-14
The Arab region (UNESCWA)
Knowledge and awareness raising for policy coherence Technology choice and renewable energy options Climate change and natural disasters
Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC)
Hydropower Energy consumption in the provision of water services
Africa (UNECA)
Energy use Hydropower Access to water and energy services
Part 4: Response options (WWAP) Chapters 15-17
Fostering Synergies and Managing Trade-offs
Creating an enabling environment for change Cultural barriers Economic instruments
Responses in practice Energy-smart and water-efficient agriculture Enhancing the role of industry Industry Ecosystems Power generation
Role of the United Nations and of the international community
Current/emerging issues:
‘Fracking’
Evolution of nuclear
Climate change
United Nations World Water Development Report 2014
Water and EnergyTeaser Presentation
Stockholm
September 2013
Thank you