0787190100-REP-R0001-00
Report to:
TREVALI MINING CORP.
Technical Report on theFormer Ruttan Mine,Northern Manitoba, Canada
Document No. 0787190100-REP-R0001-00
0787190100-REP-R0001-00
Report to:
TREVALI MINING CORP.
TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE
FORMER RUTTAN MINE,NORTHERN MANITOBA, CANADA
EFFECTIVE DATE: FEBRUARY 18, 2009FILING DATE: AUGUST 19, 2011
Prepared by Tim Maunula, P.Geo.Christopher Moreton, Ph.D., P.Geo.
MM/vc
Suite 900, 330 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5H 2S8Phone: 416-368-9080 Fax: 416-368-1963
0787190100-REP-R0001-00
Report to:
TREVALI MINING CORP.
TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE
FORMER RUTTAN MINE,NORTHERN MANITOBA, CANADA
EFFECTIVE DATE: FEBRUARY 18, 2009FILING DATE: AUGUST 19, 2011
Prepared by “Original document signed byTim Maunula, P.Geo.”
Date August 19, 2011
Tim Maunula, P.Geo.
Reviewed by “Original document signed byMike McLaughlin, P.Geo.”
Date August 19, 2011
Mike McLaughlin, P.Eng.
Authorized by “Original document signed byTim Maunula, P.Geo.”
Date August 19, 2011
MM/vc
Tim Maunula, P.Geo.
330 Bay Street, Suite 900, Toronto, Ontario M5H 2S8Phone: 416-368-9080 Fax: 416-368-1963
0787190100-REP-L0001-04
R E V I S I O N H I S T O R Y
REV.NO
ISSUE DATE PREPARED BYAND DATE
REVIEWED BYAND DATE
APPROVED BYAND DATE
DESCRIPTION OF REVISION
00 2011/08/19 Tim Maunula Mike McLaughlin Tim MaunulaOriginal technical report readdressed to TrevaliMining Corp.
i 0787190100-REP-R0001-00
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
1.0 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 RESOURCE STATEMENT ........................................................................................................3
2.0 INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE.............................................................. 4
2.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE .........................................................................................................6
3.0 RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS..................................................................................... 8
4.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION ................................................................... 9
5.0 ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE ANDPHYSIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................. 14
6.0 HISTORY........................................................................................................................... 16
6.1 COPPER CLAIMS .................................................................................................................16
7.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING.................................................................................................. 20
7.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY...........................................................................................................20
7.2 PROPERTY GEOLOGY..........................................................................................................207.2.1 RUTTAN MINE (COPPER CLAIMS)........................................................................20
8.0 DEPOSIT TYPE................................................................................................................. 26
9.0 MINERALIZATION............................................................................................................ 27
10.0 EXPLORATION................................................................................................................. 28
10.1 DRILLING 2007 ...................................................................................................................28
10.2 DRILLING, 2007-2008 .........................................................................................................30
10.3 DRILLING, 2008 ..................................................................................................................32
10.4 GEOPHYSICS, 2008 ............................................................................................................33
10.5 EXPLORATION EXPENDITURES, 2007-2008..........................................................................33
11.0 DRILLING.......................................................................................................................... 35
12.0 SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH ......................................................................... 36
13.0 SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES, AND SECURITY............................................... 38
14.0 DATA VERIFICATION ...................................................................................................... 40
15.0 ADJACENT PROPERTIES ............................................................................................... 42
16.0 MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING......................................... 43
ii 0787190100-REP-R0001-00
17.0 MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES.................................... 44
17.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................4417.1.1 DATABASE .........................................................................................................4417.1.2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY .............................................................................................45
17.2 EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS ...........................................................................................4517.2.1 RAW ASSAYS.....................................................................................................4617.2.2 CAPPING ...........................................................................................................4617.2.3 COMPOSITES .....................................................................................................49
17.3 GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION ............................................................................................53
17.4 SPATIAL ANALYSIS ..............................................................................................................54
17.5 BLOCK MODEL ....................................................................................................................5417.5.1 BLOCK MODEL SIZE ...........................................................................................5417.5.2 INTERPOLATION PLAN ........................................................................................5717.5.3 METAL EQUIVALENCY FORMULAE .......................................................................5817.5.4 MINERAL RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION ................................................................5917.5.5 MINERAL RESOURCE TABULATION ......................................................................6017.5.6 VALIDATION .......................................................................................................62
18.0 OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION ............................................................ 64
19.0 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................... 65
20.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................... 66
21.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 67
22.0 CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFIED PERSONS ...................................................................... 69
22.1 CERTIFICATE FOR PAUL DAIGLE, P.GEO. ............................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
22.2 CERTIFICATE FOR CHRISTOPHER MORETON, PH.D., P.GEO. ................................................70
22.3 CERTIFICATE FOR TIMOTHY MAUNULA, P.GEO. ....................................................................69
L I S T O F T A B L E S
Table 1.1 Inferred Resources for the Ruttan Project at 1% CuEQ Cut-off Base Case ........ 3Table 4.1 List of Claims....................................................................................................... 12Table 5.1 Location and Access (from Harron, 2007) .......................................................... 15Table 6.1 History of the Copper Claims .............................................................................. 16Table 10.1 Kria 2007 Drill Hole Coordinates (Local Grid)..................................................... 29Table 10.2 Significant Values from the 2007 West Anomaly Drilling.................................... 29Table 10.3 Significant Values from the 2007 Hanging Wall Zinc Zone Drilling .................... 29Table 10.4 Drill Hole Coordinates form the 2007-2008 Winter Drilling Program.................. 31Table 10.5 Significant Results of the 2007/08 Winter Drill Program..................................... 32Table 10.6 Kria 2008 Summer Drill Hole Coordinates.......................................................... 32Table 10.7 Kria 2007 and 2008 Exploration Expenditures ................................................... 33
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Table 14.1 Check Sample Results from the 2007 Drilling Program ..................................... 41Table 17.1 Block Centroid Coordinates for the Ruttan Project............................................. 44Table 17.2 Summary of the Drilling Data Records................................................................ 45Table 17.3 HBM&S Specific Gravity Formula ....................................................................... 45Table 17.4 Raw Assay Statistics for the Complete Dataset (Excluding Regional Holes) .... 46Table 17.5 Capping Levels for the Complete Dataset (Excluding Regional Holes) ............. 46Table 17.6 Raw Assay Sample Length Statistics (Excluding Regional Holes) .................... 49Table 17.7 Composite Capped Samples .............................................................................. 50Table 17.8 Statistical Summary of all Composites (Values>0)............................................. 50Table 17.9 Solids Names and Explanation ........................................................................... 53Table 17.10 GEMS Block Model Limits (Edge to Edge) ......................................................... 54Table 17.11 Block Sizes.......................................................................................................... 54Table 17.12 Interpolation Parameters for Passes 1 and 2 ..................................................... 58Table 17.13 Distance to Nearest Composite Statistics........................................................... 60Table 17.14 Inferred Mineral Resources at Ruttan (Estimate by Wardrop, 2008) ................. 61Table 17.15 Global Grade Comparisons................................................................................. 62
L I S T O F F I G U R E S
Figure 4.1 General Location Map (From Harron, 2007)....................................................... 10Figure 4.2 Property Map (from Harron, 2007)...................................................................... 11Figure 6.1 General Location of the Mineralization (form Harron, 2007) .............................. 17Figure 6.2 Simplified Longitudinal Section (from Harron, 2007) .......................................... 18Figure 7.1 Regional Geology – Rusty Lake Belt (from Harron, 2007) ................................. 21Figure 7.2 Geology – Ruttan Mine Area (from Harron, 2007).............................................. 22Figure 10.1 Drill Hole Location Map, Kria Drill Programs 2007-2008 .................................... 34Figure 17.1 Copper Assays (%) for the Complete Dataset (Excluding Regional Holes)....... 47Figure 17.2 Zinc Assays (%) for the Complete Dataset (Excluding Regional Holes)............ 48Figure 17.3 Decile-Percentile Data for Zinc within the Complete Dataset (Excluding Regional
Holes) .................................................................................................................. 49Figure 17.4 Histogram and Cumulative Probability Plot for Copper ...................................... 51Figure 17.5 Histogram and Cumulative Probability Plot for Zinc ........................................... 52Figure 17.6 Three-Dimensional View of the Solids Used for the Resource Model................ 55Figure 17.7 Search Ellipse Parameters.................................................................................. 56Figure 17.8 Block Model Set-Up in GEMS............................................................................. 57Figure 17.9 Solid Extrusion Issues (Blocks Shown by Red Lines) ........................................ 60Figure 17.10 Composites-Block Model Grade Comparisons (1) ............................................. 62Figure 17.11 Composites-Block Model Grade Comparisons (2) ............................................. 63
Trevali Mining Corp. 1 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
1 . 0 S U M M A R Y
Beartooth Platinum Corporation (Beartooth) is a Canadian registered mining
company and publicly listed on the TSX – Venture Exchange.
Kria Resources Limited (Kria) is a private Canadian registered base metal
exploration and development company focused on high quality base metal assets
including lead, zinc, copper and nickel in Manitoba and New Brunswick, Canada.
On October 23, 2008, Beartooth and Kria signed an agreement whereby Beartooth
will acquire all of the outstanding common shares of Kria in exchange for common
shares of Beartooth and effect a merger of the two companies under the name of
Kria Resources Incorporated.
The following report is a revision of the “Technical Report on the Former Ruttan
Mine, Northern Manitoba, Canada” authored by Christopher Moreton, Ph.D., P.Geo.,
former Senior Geologist with Wardrop Engineering Inc. (Wardrop) on August 1, 2008.
The revision includes an update of exploration activities conducted by Kria during
2007 and 2008. These activities are included in this revised report to complete the
description of all exploration activities conducted on the former Ruttan Mine. The
results of these exploration activities do not materially change the resulting resource
estimate presented in this report.
Wardrop has prepared a National Instrument (NI) 43-101 compliant report and
resource estimate for the mineralization remaining within the former Ruttan Mine.
The estimate includes the areas known as the West Anomaly Mine and Main Mine as
well as the recently discovered lens known as the Hanging Wall Zinc Zone.
The Ruttan Mine property is located approximately 21 kilometres (km) east of the
Village of Leaf Rapids, which in turn is approximately 750 kilometres north-northwest
of Winnipeg, Manitoba. Vehicle access to the mine site is via Provincial Highway
391 to Leaf Rapids and then the all-weather Southern Indian Lake road.
The Ruttan property consists of the contiguous un-surveyed Copper 1 to 4 and
Copper 8 to 11 mining claims as well as a single claim (Copper 12) staked by Kria on
January 26th 2007. All of these claims are located in National Topographic System
(NTS) quadrangle 64/B/05 within The Pas Mining Division, Manitoba. The nine
Copper claims cover a nominal area of 1,994 hectares and contain the former Ruttan
Mine, tailings ponds, waste rock disposal areas and lands previously occupied by the
mine-mill complex.
The former Ruttan Mine closed in 2002 due to low metal prices. Production from the
mine in the period 1973-2002 was 55,175,754 tonnes grading 1.23% copper and
Trevali Mining Corp. 2 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
1.41% zinc. The reserve estimates are not supported by an NI 43-101 pre-feasibility
study and should not be relied upon. Wardrop has prepared a new resource
estimate for the remaining mineralization at the former Ruttan Mine (this report).
Both the open pit and the underground infrastructure on the Ruttan property are
flooded. The near-pit surface run-off is currently channelled into the pit. Buildings
related to the operation of the former mine have been demolished and some aspects
of surface reclamation have been started by the Government of Manitoba.
Newdene Gold Inc. (Newdene) entered into an option agreement with W. S. Ferreira
Ltd, dated July 31, 2006, for the purpose of acquiring a 100% interest in the Copper
1-4 mining claims. The Copper 8-11 claims were subsequently added and form part
of the option agreement. On January 25, 2007 Newdene Gold Inc. sold its interest to
Kria for $250,000 cash and retained a 2% net smelter royalty. At the time of writing
the Copper claims (1 to 4 and 8 to 12) are in Kria’s name.
The Copper claims are located in the west central portion of the Paleoproterozoic
Rusty Lake greenstone belt in the Lynn Lake-Leaf Rapids Domain on the northern
flank of the Trans-Hudson Orogen. The supracrustal rocks in the immediate area of
the Ruttan Mine on the Copper claims are divided into the Mill Pond unit (MPU), the
Mine Sequence unit (MSU), and the Powder Magazine unit (PMU) from north to
south respectively. All units have been subjected to sub-greenschist to amphibolite
facies metamorphism.
The northern section of the MSU consists of a homogeneous sequence of layered,
heterolithic, intermediate volcaniclastic rocks that ranges from 200 to 300 metres in
thickness. These are referred to as the “footwall volcaniclastic rocks”. The middle
section is approximately 75 metres thick and consists of variably altered
volcaniclastic fragmental rocks of dacitic to rhyolitic composition with local exhalite
layers. This section hosts several large lenses of massive sulphide mineralization
which collectively make up the Ruttan deposit. The southern section of the MSU is
up to 100 metres thick and is composed of a distinctive package of light grey to
white, quartz-phyric, rhyolitic volcaniclastic rocks that have a uranium/lead (U/Pb)
age of 1883+/- 2 million years (Ma). Three, or possibly four, periods of deformation
have folded the ore bodies into steeply southeast plunging lenses separated by east-
northeast trending shear zones.
The Ruttan mine is classified as a bimodal-siliciclastic type of volcanogenic massive
sulphide deposit (VMS), similar to those found in the Iberian Pyrite Belt of Portugal
and Spain and in the Bathurst district of New Brunswick, Canada. Deposits of this
type can be located with electromagnetic geophysical surveys and whole rock
geochemical surveys. Wardrop considers that the exploration potential within the
Ruttan claims is above average.
Two near surface zinc- and/or copper-rich opportunities are identified in the historical
database. One opportunity is the upper portion of the West Anomaly Mine which
was developed and partially prepared for mining at the time of closure in 2002.
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The second opportunity, known as the north hanging wall zinc zone, is located east-
northeast of the mine. Currently it has no underground access. Drill hole UD5803
returned a weighted average Zn value of 26.18% over 3.86 metres.
In mid-2008, Kria completed an exploration drilling program to evaluate the potential
of these (and other) opportunities. A total of 35 drill holes were completed for a total
of 11,114 metres. An updated resource estimate was developed based these and
historical drill holes.
The Ruttan Project contains areas of historical near-surface unmined resources;
recent drilling by Kria has confirmed the presence of this mineralization. The
exploration potential on the property is considered to be excellent, particularly the
down-plunge extension of the Hanging Wall Zinc Zone.
1 . 1 R E S O U R C E S T A T E M E N T
Table 1.1 shows the resource estimate for the Ruttan project. The highlighted line is
the suggested base case for a deposit in northern Manitoba.
Table 1.1 Inferred Resources for the Ruttan Project at 1% CuEQ Cut-off Base
Case
Solid Names GradesVolume of
Solids (m3)*
Density
(t/m3)
Tonnage
(t)*
Cu
(%)
Zn
(%)
CuEQ07*
(%)
Combined Main
and West
Anomaly Mine
Areas (includes
the HW Zinc
Zone)
>2.0 894,870 3.672 3,285,659 1.90 3.13 2.59
>1.5 2,265,640 3.642 8,252,155 1.50 2.30 2.06
>1.0 4,742,140 3.616 17,148,138 1.23 1.60 1.64
*m3
– cubic metres t – tonnes CuEq – copper equivalent
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2 . 0 I N T R O D U C T I O N A N D T E R M S O FR E F E R E N C E
Beartooth is a Canadian registered mining company and publicly listed on the TSX –
Venture Exchange.
Kria is a private Canadian registered base metal exploration and development
company focused on high quality base metal assets including lead, zinc, copper and
nickel in New Brunswick and Manitoba, Canada.
On October 23, 2008, Beartooth and Kria signed an agreement whereby Beartooth
will acquire all of the outstanding common shares of Kria in exchange for common
shares of Beartooth. In effect this is a reverse takeover of Beartooth by Kria where
the merged companies shall be registered under the name of Kria Resources
Incorporated1. It was proposed in the agreement that Beartooth common shares will
be consolidated on the basis of one new common share for every 20 old common
shares.
Beartooth has agreed to issue one post-consolidation common share for each Kria
common share. Each outstanding Kria convertible security will be exercisable for
Beartooth common shares based on the exchange ratio. Upon completion of the
merger Kria shareholders will hold approximately 82.5% of the issued and
outstanding common shares of the combined company. Following completion of the
merger, the Kria board of directors and management team will become the board
and management team of the new combined company (Press Release, Oct 2008).
The Ruttan property is located in northern Manitoba approximately 21 km east of the
Village of Leaf Rapids and about 750 km north-northwest of Winnipeg, Manitoba. All
nine claims are held in good standing by Kria:
Copper 1 to 3 (inclusive) expires on March 18, 2012.
Copper 4 expires on March 19, 2009
Copper 8 to 11 (inclusive) expires on October 22, 2012.
Copper 12 expires on April 10, 2009.
Numerous lenses of base metal massive sulphide mineralization are present on the
property and some of these have been exploited by two previous operators of the
Ruttan mine (Sherritt Gordon and HBM&S). Two areas close to the mining
1For purposes of simplicity, the ownership of the Ruttan Project, except where stated, shall be referred to as
“Kria”.
Trevali Mining Corp. 5 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
infrastructure have been drilled by Kria in 2007/2008 to investigate the base metal
potential – these areas were not mined by either of the previous two operators.
Base metal mineralization was discovered by drilling following an airborne
electromagnetic (EM) survey in 1968. Subsequent ground EM and magnetic surveys
were followed-up by diamond drilling in 1968/1969. A drill-indicated resource was
defined in 1969 and the mine-site infrastructure was constructed between 1970 and
1972. Open pit production ran from 1973 to 1980 while underground production ran
from 1979 to 1987. HBM&S purchased the mine from SGM in 1987 and went on to
discover the West Mine in 1988. The mine closed in 2002 due to low base metal
prices.
Wardrop conducted a site visit between August 6 and 8, 2007 to examine the
location, access and physical condition of the Ruttan property. A review of the
available drill core and drill set-ups for the 2007 program was also conducted. In
addition, on-site discussions of practices and procedures were held with the
geologist in charge of the drill program, the in-coming Vice-President of Exploration
and the Vice-President of Operations for Kria.
In 2007, Kria began an exploration program to evaluate the potential of the upper
portions of the West Anomaly and the Hanging Wall Zinc Zone. At the time of writing
Kria has drilled 35 holes for a total of 11,114 metres. Complete assay results for
these holes are scheduled for release in May 2008. A Versatile Time Domain
Electromagnetic (VTEM) survey was flown in April 2008 and borehole EM will be
used to optimise additional drill targets. Various press releases are presented on the
Kria website: (www.kiriaresources.com).
The following list shows the meaning of the abbreviations for technical terms used
throughout the text of this report.
Abbreviation Meaning
AEM Airborne electromagnetic survey
AMAG Airborne magnetic survey
Ag Silver
As Arsenic
Au Gold
cm Centimetre
Cu Copper
ddh Diamond drill hole
EM Electromagnetic survey
g Gram
g/t Grams per tonne
ha Hectare(s)
HBM&S Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting
HLEM Horizontal loop electromagnetic (survey)
IP/RES Induced polarization/resistivity (survey)
km Kilometre(s)
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Abbreviation Meaning
L Level
m Metre(s)
Ma Million years
MAG Magnetic survey
mm Millimetre(s)
NI National Instrument
PEM Pulse electromagnetic survey
Pb Lead
ppm Parts per million
PUBCO Public company
SGM Sherritt-Gordon Mines
U/Pb Uranium/lead (age date)
VLF-EM Very low frequency electromagnetic (survey)
VTEM Versatile time-domain electromagnetic (survey)
Zn Zinc
2 . 1 T E R M S O F R E F E R E N C E
Kria has retained Wardrop to prepare a NI 43-101 compliant Technical Report and
Resource Estimate for the former Ruttan property in northern Manitoba.
The address of the corporation is Suite 810, 65 Queen St. W., Toronto, Ont. M5H
2M5. Kria is a private company incorporated under the laws of Ontario and the
Ruttan Mine property is material to the corporation. This report may be used by Kria
to support an application for listing on the Toronto Stock Exchange.
This report is prepared in compliance with the Canadian Securities and
Administrators NI 43-101 under the direct supervision of:
Christopher Moreton, PhD, P.Geo, was formerly a Senior Geologist with Wardrop
Engineering Inc. He directed the review of the data as well as the estimation of the
resources for the Ruttan property. He also visited the property between the dates of
August 6 and 8, 2007 to review the drill sites, drill core and general property layout.
No limitations were put on the author by Kria during the preparation of this report.
Pierre Desautels, P.Geo, was formerly a Senior Geologist with Wardrop
Engineering Inc. He provided technical support as well as critical peer review of the
methods and procedures for this report.
Tim Maunula, P.Geo, is the General Manager for Wardrop Engineering’s Toronto
Mining Office and provided on-going technical support and peer review of the final NI
43-101 compliant report.
Trevali Mining Corp. 7 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Noris Del Bel Belluz, P.Geol. is the Manager of Technical Services for Wardrop
Engineering Inc. He provided on-going geological support and peer review of the
final NI 43-101 compliant report.
In February 2009, this report was revised by:
Paul Daigle, P.Geo., a Senior Geologist with Wardrop and has over 19 years of
progressive experience in evaluating and developing mineral exploration and mining
projects worldwide.
Trevali Mining Corp. 8 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
3 . 0 R E L I A N C E O N O T H E R E X P E R T S
In the preparation of this report Wardrop has not relied upon any sources of
information where the author is a non-qualified person with the exception of legal
title.
Land tenure information has been obtained from the Manitoba Industry, Economic
Development and Mines (MIEDM), Mineral Resources Division web site, which
contains a disclaimer as to the veracity of the data. In addition, the existence and
validity of any un-registered agreements between parties are not reflected in the
Manitoba land management system.
Wardrop has relied on two principal sources of information for the data contained in
this report as follows: digital and hardcopy information provided by Kria and a
hardcopy technical report prepared by Harron (2007). Wardrop believes this
information to be accurate.
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4 . 0 P R O P E R T Y D E S C R I P T I O N A N DL O C A T I O N
Wardrop has not conducted a title search nor has it verified the legal description of
the property.
The Ruttan project is located approximately 21 kilometres east of the Village of Leaf
Rapids, which in turn is approximately 750 kilometres north-northwest of Winnipeg,
Manitoba (Figure 4.1). The Ruttan property consists of the contiguous un-surveyed
Copper 1 to 4 and 8 to 11 (Figure 4.2) mining claims. All of these claims are located
in NTS quadrangle 64/B/05 within The Pas Mining Division, Manitoba. The nine
claims cover a nominal area of 1,994 hectares and contain the former Ruttan Mine,
tailings ponds, waste rock disposal areas and lands previously occupied by the mine-
mill complex.
The following excerpt is taken from Harron (2007). It explains the issuer’s rights and
obligations for the Ruttan property:
Newdene Gold Inc. entered into an option agreement with W. S. Ferreira Ltd
dated July 31, 2006, for the purpose of acquiring a 100% interest in the Copper
1-4 and the Bill 5025* mining claims. The Copper 8-11 claims were
subsequently added and form part of the option agreement. Terms of the
agreement include aggregate cash payments of $100,000, the issuance of
300,000 common shares of PUBCO, and, at the election of the optionor, either
an additional $750,000 cash or 750,000 common shares of PUBCO. A work
commitment of $1,000,000 before the second anniversary of the agreement, the
granting of a 2% Net Smelter Return Royalty, and the opportunity to acquire 1%
of the Net Smelter Return Royalty for $1,500,000 are additional terms included
in the agreement.
As of January 25, 2007, Newdene sold its rights and obligations in the properties
to Kria. Terms of the transaction include $ 250,000 cash and a 2% Net Smelter
Return Royalty in favour of Newdene. Kria has the right to purchase the entire
Net Smelter Return (NSR) Royalty for $ 2,000,000 cash or common stock at any
time.
To the writer’s knowledge there are no current or pending challenges to the
ownership or title of the lands, as revealed by examining claim abstracts
maintained by the MIEDM, Mineral Resources Division, Winnipeg office.
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Figure 4.1 General Location Map (From Harron, 2007)
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Figure 4.2 Property Map (from Harron, 2007)
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Newdene and W. S. Ferreira Ltd. (claim holders) warrant that the corporation
has not received from any government authority any notice of, or communication
relating to, any actual or alleged breach of any environmental laws, regulations,
policies or permits.
Table 4.1 List of Claims
Name Number Area (ha)Record Date
(yy.mm.dd)
Expiry Date
(yy.mm.dd)Registered Owner
Copper 1 MB6509 214 06.01.18 12.03.18 Kria
Copper 2 MB6510 224 06.01.18 12.03.18 Kria
Copper 3 MB6511 224 06.01.18 12.03.18 Kria
Copper 4 MB6512 256 06.01.18 09.03.19 Kria
Copper 8 MB6908 140 06.08.23 12.10.22 Kria
Copper 9 MB6909 200 06.08.23 12.10.22 Kria
Copper 10 MB6910 256 06.08.23 12.10.22 Kria
Copper 11 MB6911 224 06.08.23 12.10.22 Kria
Copper 12 MB7016 256 07.02.09 09.04.10 Kria
Totals 9 1,994
Source: Government of Manitoba, Department of Science and Technology, Energy and Mines(website)
The following excerpt is also from Harron (2007):
In Manitoba a claim is good for two years after it has been recorded. To
maintain tenure beyond two years the holder is required to perform and report
exploration work. The work requirements are $12.50 per hectare for each year
from year two to year ten, and $25.00 per hectare for year 11 and beyond.
An exploration expenditure of $11,475 is required to be expended on the Copper
1-4 and $10,250 on the Copper 8-11 claims by March 18, 2008 and August 10,
2008 respectively in order to maintain tenure.
In order to produce minerals from a claim, the claim must be converted to a
surveyed mining lease. A claim can be converted to a mineral lease if a
minimum of $625 per hectare of exploration expenditures has been reported
over the life of the claim. The term of a mineral lease is twenty-one years with
an annual rental of $10.50 per hectare. Additional twenty-one year renewals of
mineral leases are available.
A mineral lessee must submit a report on exploration work carried out under the
lease. The report must contain the information required in the regulations and a
certified statement of expenditures incurred in performing exploration work for
each of the following periods:
A. the first five years of the lease;
B. the second five years of the lease;
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C. the third five years of the lease;
D. the last six years of the lease.
In respect of surface exploration on the Copper 1-4 and 8-12 claims (Ruttan
Mine site) special conditions and waivers, with regard to safety issues and
provincial government liability, may be imposed.
Underground exploration will require the filing of a closure plan along with a
security deposit. This regulation applies for all advanced stage exploration
projects and mining operations. Closure plans must meet provincial and federal
environmental and workplace health and safety requirements.
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5 . 0 A C C E S S I B I L I T Y , C L I M A T E , L O C A LR E S O U R C E S , I N F R A S T R U C T U R E A N DP H Y S I O G R A P H Y
The following information is modified from Harron (2007).
The Ruttan Mine is located approximately 21 kilometres east of the town of Leaf
Rapids in north-western Manitoba. An all-weather gravel road connecting the site to
Leaf Rapids provides easy vehicle access in all seasons (Figure 5.1).
Climatic conditions are typical of the northern boreal forest, with moderately cold
winter conditions from November through March including an average of 0.6 metres
to 2 metres of snowfall. Summer conditions include a moderate amount of
precipitation and warm temperatures in the upper 20 degree Celsius (°C) and low
30°C range persisting for several months. Experience indicates that most
preliminary exploration activities can be executed year round, except geological and
geochemical surveys, which are best executed in the summer months.
Elevations on the properties range from approximately 286 metres to 328 metres
giving a relief of approximately 41 metres. In general, the relief is dominated by
rounded glacially sculpted hills.
Drainage is poorly organized in this area which is typical of the Canadian Shield.
Outcrops are scarce on the claims and the bedrock geology is known mostly from
drill cores, geophysical interpretations and geological surveys.
The property has the sufficient surface rights for future exploration or mining
operations including potential tailings storage areas, potential waste disposal areas,
heap leach pads areas and potential processing plant sites. The closure plan filed by
HBM&S in 2002 has progressed to the point of rehabilitating the roads on the
property. At the time of the 2007 site visit the mine buildings had already been
demolished although the headframe winding house was purchased intact by Kria.
Numerous waste stock piles as well as dried tailings ponds were also observed
during the 2007 site visit.
The numerous lakes in the vicinity of the two properties provide an ample source of
process and potable water. Hydro-electrical power is also available in the area.
Power line towers and wires still extend to the Ruttan Mine site and could be
rehabilitated if required.
The Village of Leaf Rapids is a mining town that supplied labour and services to
support the Ruttan Mine and it maintains an inventory of vacant real estate. The
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town is connected by provincially maintained highways to Thompson (220
kilometres), Lynn Lake (100 kilometres) and to the highway network in the southern
part of the province providing access to bulk fuel and general freight. Mining
personnel and supplies can be sourced from either Thompson, the largest mining
town in northern Manitoba, or possibly from Leaf Rapids.
Table 5.1 Location and Access (from Harron, 2007)
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6 . 0 H I S T O R Y
6 . 1 C O P P E R C L A I M S
The following is modified from Harron (2007).
The Copper 1 to 4 and 8 to 12 claims cover the location of the historical Ruttan Mine.
The history of exploration, development and ownership is briefly listed in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1 History of the Copper Claims
SGM 1968Hunting-type AEM &
AMAG
Stopped short of Ruttan Mine conductors, AF
91664
MMNR 1968 Questor AEM & AMAGDetected conductors at future Ruttan Mine, AF
91988
SGM 1968 Ground EM & MAGDelineation of Ruttan Mine conductors and a few
DDHs
SGM 196921,030 m diamond
drilling
Discovery, estimated reserve: 46.3 MM tonnes,
1.5% Cu, 1.6% Zn to 600m level (Not NI 43-101
Compliant)
SGM 1970-7261,570m diamond
drilling, bulk sampling
Construction of mine/mill and town of Leaf
Rapids
SGM 1973-80 Open pit production 9,000 tonnes per day
SGM 1979-87 Underground production 5,500 tonnes per day
HBM&S 1987 Purchase of Ruttan Mine
HBM&S 1988 Questor AEM & AMAG Covered whole area
HBM&S 1988Discovery of “West
Mine”Estimated at 8.2 MM tonnes
HBM&S 1994 Spectrem ® Survey Deep AEM over all claims AF 94918
HBM&S 1995-97Ground PEM, HLEM,
MAG, diamond drilling
Follow up of Spectrem anomalies with
geophysics and diamond drilling AF 94917
HBM&S 2002 Closure in July Low metal prices
Note: SGM is Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd. HBM&S is Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Ltd. andMMNR is the Manitoba Ministry of Natural Resources.
The Ruttan ore bodies are steeply dipping lenses of massive sulphide mineralization
separated by faults of various orientations. The sulphides outcrop over a distance of
1.5 kilometres and have been tested to a known depth of 1.1 kilometres. The
distribution of the main groups of lenses is presented in Figure 6.1 and a simplified
longitudinal section shown in Figure 6.2.
Trevali Mining Corp. 17 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Figure 6.1 General Location of the Mineralization (form Harron, 2007)
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Figure 6.2 Simplified Longitudinal Section (from Harron, 2007)
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Underground workings are present in the West Anomaly Mine and Main Mine areas.
In addition, there is an open pit located more or less halfway between the two mine
areas. Both the underground workings and the open pit are flooded. A shaft is
located in the Main Mine area, although ancillary equipment is no longer present.
The Ruttan Mine was operated continually until closure in 2002. HBM&S records
indicate that the total production prior to closure from the Ruttan Mine was
55,175,754 tonnes grading 1.23% copper and 1.41% zinc. This number has not
been validated by Wardrop.
In March 2002 an inventory of reserves was undertaken by HBM&S staff to assist
with forward production planning. This study considered three different categories of
sulphide ore: (a) stopes associated with a positive NSR, (b) stopes associated with a
positive NSR, but deemed to be of high risk such that normal mining costs would
probably not apply, and (c) stopes associated with a negative NSR.
Historical diamond drill hole intersections have returned significant intercept widths
and zinc grades in the hanging wall zinc zone. The zone has been traced from the
175 metre level to the 600 metre level and remains open to depth. According to
Harron (2007), a lack of drill stations in this part of the mine prevented further
delineation of the zone.
On April 7, 2011, Trevali Mining Corp. completed a plan of arrangement with Kria
Resources Ltd. and changed its name to “Trevali Mining Corporation”. Pursuant to
the plan of arrangement, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding
common shares of Kria in consideration of 0.2 of Common Share for each common
share of Kria. The acquisition was approved by shareholders on March 30, 2011,
received final court approval on April 6, 2011, and closed effective April 7, 2011.
Following closing, 87,663,745 Common Shares were issued and outstanding, of
which 20,992,250 Common Shares were issued to Kria shareholders (representing
23.95% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares). On June 8, 2011, the
Company filed a business acquisition report, a copy of which is available at
www.SEDAR.com.
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7 . 0 G E O L O G I C A L S E T T I N G
The following description of the geological setting is adapted from Harron (2007).
7 . 1 R E G I O N A L G E O L O G Y
The Ruttan deposit is located in the west-central portion of the Paleoproterozoic
Rusty Lake Greenstone Belt (RLGB) within the Lynn Lake-Leaf Rapids Domain on
the northern flank of the Trans-Hudson Orogen (Figure 7.1). The RLGB is 65
kilometres long and up to 35 kilometres wide and lies southeast of the Lynn Lake
Greenstone Belt. The RLGB contains metamorphosed mafic and felsic volcanic
rocks, volcanic-derived sedimentary rocks, and small mafic and felsic sub-volcanic
plutons. All supracrustal rocks have been folded, faulted and subsequently intruded
by larger mafic and felsic plutons. The Baldock Batholith, an assemblage of
paragneiss, orthogneiss and plutonic rocks, completely surrounds the greenstone
belt. The age of the RLGB, as determined by uranium/lead zircon age dating, is
1878 +/- 3 million years (Baldwin et al, 1987).
Contrasts in rock types and apparent stratigraphic discontinuities prompted Baldwin
(1980, 1988) to subdivide the volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the RLGB into four
fault-bounded blocks. The Ruttan deposit on the Copper claims is located in the
northwest portion of the Ruttan Block, which consists mainly of submarine mafic
volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
7 . 2 P R O P E R T Y G E O L O G Y
7.2.1 RUTTAN M IN E (COPPER CLAIM S )
The geology and stratigraphy of the Ruttan Mine area is described in detail by
Speakman et al. (1982), Ames (1996) and Ames and Taylor (1996). From north to
south, the supracrustal rocks in the immediate mine area are divided into the Mill
Pond unit (MPU), Mine Sequence unit (MSU), and the Powder Magazine unit (PMU)
(Figure 7.2).
The MPU consists of allochthonous ocean floor mafic volcanic rocks that are
juxtaposed to the south with the MSU across the northeast-trending Mill Pond Shear
Zone.
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Figure 7.1 Regional Geology – Rusty Lake Belt (from Harron, 2007)
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Figure 7.2 Geology – Ruttan Mine Area (from Harron, 2007)
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The MSU is subdivided into three distinct lithological sections. The northern section
consists of a homogeneous sequence of layered, heterolithic, intermediate
volcaniclastic rocks that ranges in thickness from 200 to 300 metres and is referred
to as the “footwall volcaniclastic rocks”. The middle section of the MSU, which is
approximately 75 metres thick, consists of variably altered volcaniclastic and
fragmental volcanic rocks of dacitic and rhyolitic compositions along with associated
exhalites. This section hosts several large lenses of massive sulphide mineralization
which collectively make up the Ruttan deposit. The southern section of the MSU is
up to 100 metres thick and is composed of a distinctive sequence of light grey to
white, quartz-phyric, rhyolitic volcaniclastic rocks that have a uranium/lead age of
1883+/- 2 million years. Studies by Ames (1996) indicate that the MSU is of a
transitional calc-alkaline to tholeiitic petrochemical affinity.
The units south of the MSU are in contact with a sequence of intercalated
greywacke-mudstones and polymictic conglomerates of the PMU. Controversy
exists as to the nature of the PMU lower contact; it has been variously termed
discordant, conformable or tectonic.
To the west and north of the Ruttan deposit the supracrustal rocks are truncated by
the Brehaut Lake pluton (1852.5+/- 1.2 million years), which consists primarily of
homogeneous, light grey, medium-grained biotite granodiorite. Contact intrusion
breccia zones and dykes emanate from the intrusion.
To the south the supracrustal sequence is intruded by the Corner Lake pluton, which
in the immediate mine area, consists predominantly of dark green, fine-grained
hornblende diorite dykes and sills within the mineralization and its host rocks.
Hydrothermal alteration in proximity to sulphide mineralization is pervasive and
locally intense in the central portion of the MSU. It takes the form of interleaved
lenticular zones of silicification, chloritization and sericitization, commonly referred to
as exhalite and/or “ore equivalent horizon”.
Three principal groups of lenses were defined by HBM&S at the Ruttan deposit
based on their spatial distribution and structural settings: the B lenses, the West
lenses, and the East lenses. Art’s Shear Zone (ASZ) separates the B lenses in the
footwall from the West lenses in the hanging wall, whereas the East Shear Zone
(ESZ) separates the West lenses in the footwall from the East lenses in the hanging
wall. The ASZ and the ESZ are sigmoidal structures that dip toward the southeast at
steep to moderate angles and appear to splay off the hanging wall of the North Wall
Shear Zone (NWSZ). The NWSZ is steeply dipping to the south-southeast and
partially envelopes the B lenses in the West Mine. All shear zones are characterized
by laterally continuous zones of strongly foliated chlorite-biotite schist that range up
to 30 metres in thickness. Asymmetric fabrics in the shear zones indicate dextral
shear with a variable component of normal oblique slip.
The Ruttan lenses are elongated and plunge to the southeast at moderate to steep
angles (Figure 6.2). The long axes of the ore bodies are sub-parallel to mineral and
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intersection lineations in the host rocks, the hinges of mesoscopic and macroscopic
isoclinal F2 folds and the β–axis of a late network of anatomized D3 shear zones
suggestive of structural control (Anderson et al, 2005).
In the West Mine the B lens has a strike length of between 350 and 400 metres and
typically it is 10 to 15 metres thick. Over short distances, along strike and down dip,
it varies from 5 to 40 metres thick. This lens does not outcrop and extends from 170
to 1,040 metres below surface, with a general plunge of 55° to 65° to the south-
southeast. The B lens in the Main Mine is laterally continuous at surface with a strike
length of approximately 500 metres and a steep dip to the south-southeast. The lens
is typically 10 to 15 metres thick but locally it varies from 5 to 60 metres over shorter
distances. In the down-dip direction the B lens separates into a series of discrete,
regularly spaced copper-rich ore shoots that plunge steeply to the southeast and
exhibit progressively decreasing strike lengths and thicknesses with depth. Within
the ore shoots, zones of zinc-rich mineralization and large diabase boudins trend at a
slight counter-clockwise angle to the strike of the lens. The deepest ore shoot
ultimately pinches out 370 metres below surface.
The West group of lenses (C, D, E, and F) constitutes a complex ore body bounded
by ASZ in the footwall and ESZ in the hanging wall. At surface the West lenses have
a maximum strike length of approximately 350 metres and contain intervals of
massive sulphides that are up to 75 metres thick. The thickest sulphide
accumulations are along the western termination of the West lenses and define a
prominent copper-rich shoot plunging 55° to 65° to the southeast, and terminating
around 770 metres below surface.
The East group of lenses, which consists mainly of the H, J, K, L, JH, JL and JS
lenses, has a strike length of approximately 600 metres and dips steeply to
moderately to the southeast. These lenses extend from surface for more than 1,000
metres with a general plunge of 55° to 60° to the southeast, and remain open to the
east along strike and down plunge to the southeast. Level plans above the 800
metre level indicate that the East lenses are arranged in a tight, roughly U-shaped
pattern analogous to that of the West lenses, which is interpreted as the D3 hinge
line of an isoclinal synform overturned to the north-northwest. In the fold hinge the J
and K lenses merge to form a copper-rich ore shoot plunging 55° to the southeast
along the western termination of the East lenses to an ultimate depth of 1,050
metres.
Sulphide mineralization in the Ruttan deposits is principally composed of pyrite with
highly variable, though generally subordinate, proportions of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite,
sphalerite, and minor galena. Common gangue minerals include chlorite, biotite,
quartz, anthophyllite, magnetite, talc, anhydrite, gypsum, calcite and gahnite in order
of decreasing abundance.
Three principal types of sulphide mineralization are recognized in the deposits.
Copper-rich massive sulphide, zinc-rich layered sulphide and copper-rich stringer
sulphide. The copper-rich massive and zinc-rich layered sulphides form the most
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significant ore bodies in the deposit. Copper-rich stringer sulphide is particularly well
developed in the immediate footwall rhyolite of the B lens in the West Mine.
In the late stages of mining, the hanging wall zinc zone (HWZ) was discovered. This
new style of mineralization was discovered east of the East lenses on the 265 metre
level of the Main Mine. The zone dips steeply to the southeast and has been traced
down plunge from the 150 metre level to the 600 metre level. The mineralization
consists of an irregular body of high-grade zinc mineralization hosted by epidotized
biotite schist of the PMU. The mineralization is composed of approximately 90%
coarse-grained equigranular sphalerite and 10% combined pyrrhotite, galena, pyrite
and chalcopyrite (in order of decreasing relative abundance). Zinc and silver grades
in this mineralization are an order of magnitude higher than in the Ruttan deposit
(Anderson et al., 2005).
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8 . 0 D E P O S I T T Y P E
The following description is modified from Harron (2007).
The Ruttan deposit is a bimodal-siliciclastic type of volcanogenic massive sulphide
deposit, similar to those found in the Iberian Pyrite Belt of Portugal and Spain and in
the Bathurst district of New Brunswick (Barrie and Taylor, 2001). In general,
bimodal-siliciclastic deposits have approximately equal proportions of volcanic and
siliciclastic rocks in the host stratigraphy, with felsic volcanic rocks more abundant
than mafic volcanic rocks. The felsic volcanic rocks are generally calc-alkaline,
whereas the mafic volcanic rocks are generally tholeiitic. The depositional
environment is normally a rifted continental arc.
Electromagnetic geophysical surveys are an efficient technique for discovering these
highly conductive deposits. In the case of the Ruttan deposit magnetic pyrrhotite and
magnetite are minor mineral phases which indicate that a modest magnetic signature
is commonly associated with the electromagnetic signal.
Geochemical trace element analyses are also a method of defining favourable host
rocks. Results of 200 whole rock analyses summarized by Speakman et al (1982)
demonstrate that a pervasive alteration zone extends stratigraphically below and
laterally away from the deposit. The footwall volcaniclastic rocks are depleted in
sodium oxide (Na2O), potassium oxide (K2O) and calcium oxide (CaO), and enriched
in iron (II) oxide (FeO) and, to a lesser extent, magnesium oxide (MgO) toward the
deposit. However, within 200 metres of the deposit there is a sharp increase in MgO
and decreases in CaO and Na2O.
Interpretation of rare earth element data suggests that positive europium (Eu)
anomalies are associated with zinc-rich VMS deposits. The observed patterns are
the result of Eu leached by hydrothermal fluids from the footwall rocks (creating
negative Eu anomalies) and deposited together with other constituents in the
associated exhalative rocks, “ore equivalent horizons” and sulphide deposits. These
positive Eu anomalies extend up to one kilometre east of the Ruttan deposits along
the same exhalative horizon. Negative Eu anomalies are common in exhalites at
locations distal to sulphide deposits, which have not been hydrothermally altered
(Gale et al, 2002).
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9 . 0 M I N E R A L I Z A T I O N
Multiple mineralized zones are present on the Ruttan property. These zones, which
are dated at about 1,878 Ma, generally occur at the top of a felsic volcanic rock
sequence that overlies dacites, andesites and basaltic units. Mafic to intermediate
epiclastic units overlie the mineralized zones.
Three massive sulphide bodies have been defined and these are known as the Main
Mine, West Lenses and the West Anomaly. In general, each of these sulphide
bodies consists of several lenses of massive to disseminated sulphide mineralization.
Typically, the lenses are upright with dips ranging from 50° to 80° to the south. They
vary in thickness from 4 to 50 metres with a strike length of 2,000 metres and a
down-dip length of about 1,050 metres. Isoclinal folding and associated shear zones
disrupt the original primary layering of the sulphides. Locally, however, the typical
volcanogenic massive sulphide mineral sequence is present: disseminated to
stringer pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite within a chloritic host rock is overlain by
massive pyrite with subordinate pyrrhotite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, magnetite,
quartz, anhydrite and calcite. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are the ore minerals.
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1 0 . 0 E X P L O R A T I O N
1 0 . 1 D R I L L I N G 2 0 0 7
Ten holes (R0701 to R0709 inclusive, including one re-start) were drilled by Kria in
2007 to test the upper portions of the West Anomaly and Main Mine area (Table
10.1). These holes were spotted by Karl Albert (consulting geologist) using
engineering grid coordinates defined by Steve Davies of Kria.
Holes R0701 to R0704 tested the upper portion of the West Anomaly Zone (for a
cumulative meterage of 916 metres) while the remaining six holes (including one re-
start) were drilled in the vicinity of the Hanging Wall Zinc Zone (for a cumulative
meterage of 1,505 metres). The coordinates for each hole were confirmed using a
total station surveying tool after the drill rig had been moved off the collar.
All four holes on the West Anomaly intersected multiple zones of base metal
mineralization. Table 10.2 is a summary of the better values reported in a press
release dated October 30, 2007.
Kria also drilled five holes on the Hanging Wall Zinc Zone. Some of the results are
shown in Table 10.3 (taken from a press release dated January 10, 2008).
Borehole EM surveys were carried out on four of the holes to test for down-plunge
extensions of the Hanging Wall Zinc Zone as well as the up-dip portion of the Main
Zone. To date, no results have been released for these surveys.
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Table 10.1 Kria 2007 Drill Hole Coordinates (Local Grid)
Engineering Grid Geology Grid Bearing Dip Depth
Hole ID Northing Easting Elevation Lat (mN) Dep (ft) Elevation (° Az) ( ° ) (m)
RO701 2900.825 14594.029 1540.041 -204.3 00+0.2E 1540.041 339 -73.5 295.0
RO702 2912.098 14638.258 1544.281 -208.9 1+50E 1544.281 339 -60.0 239.9
RO703 2871.585 14700.343 1545.364 -268.3 2+95E 1545.364 339 -50.0 279.9
RO704 2962.059 14717.230 1540.002 -188.9 4+49.2E 1540.002 339 -59.7 209.4
RO705 3168.289 16150.439 1534.804 -485.2 51+00E 1534.804 346.1 -54.4 312.4
RO706 3176.105 16164.296 1535.079 -482.6 51+50E 1535.079 345.6 -50.0 300.5
RO707 3175.573 16164.126 1535.185 -483.1 51+50E 1535.185 338.4 -60.4 -
RO707A 3175.620 16164.431 1535.158 -483.1 51+50E 1535.185 338.4 -60.4 327.7
RO708 3176.182 16180.473 1535.018 -488.2 52+00E 1535.018 343.7 -50.4 269.8
RO709 3220.021 16180.662 1534.489 -446.9 52+50E 1534.489 338.4 -64.5 294.7
2,529.3
Table 10.2 Significant Values from the 2007 West Anomaly Drilling
Hole Number Area Core Length (m) Copper (%) Zinc (%)
R0701 West Anomaly 10.16 0.64 5.04
R0702 West Anomaly 4.08 0.43 7.07
R0703 West Anomaly 27.40 0.53 4.24
R0704 West Anomaly 9.05 1.01 4.63
Table 10.3 Significant Values from the 2007 Hanging Wall Zinc Zone Drilling
Hole Number Area Core Length (m) Copper (%) Zinc (%)
R0707A Hanging Wall Zinc 11.25 0.18 7.43
Including 3.3 0.24 15.85
R0707A Hanging Wall Zinc 3.02 0.05 6.00
R0709 Hanging Wall Zinc 0.98 0.05 1.04
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1 0 . 2 D R I L L I N G , 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 0 8
The Winter 2007/08 Program consisted of 21 drill holes and the deepening of two
previously drilled holes (R0708 and R0709) for a total of 7.146.7 metres. Eighteen
drill holes targeted the West Anomaly, while the remaining three drill holes and the
two deepened holes targeted the Hanging Wall Zinc Zone.
Drill hole locations were spotted using a total station surveying tool, then upon
completion of the drilling, the coordinates for each hole were confirmed using the
total station surveying tool.
Drill holes R0710 to R0727 as well as R0805 and R0806 tested the upper portion of
the West Anomaly Zone (a total of 4,754 metres) while the remaining three holes and
two deepened holes were drilled in the vicinity of the Hanging Wall Zinc Zone (for a
total of 1,828 m). The coordinates for each hole were confirmed using a total station
surveying tool after the drill rig had been moved off the collar.
After completion of the drill program, a down hole EM geophysical survey was
carried out in six holes, three each on the Hanging Wall Zinc Zone and the West
Anomaly. Results have not been released. Table 10.4 lists the drill holes and collar
locations.
Significant assay results from selected drill holes are listed in Table 10.5.
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Table 10.4 Drill Hole Coordinates form the 2007-2008 Winter Drilling Program
Hole ID
UTM (Nad 27) Geology Grid Bearing Dip Depth
Northing EastingElevation
(m)Lat (mN) Dep (ft)
Elevation
(m)(° Az) (°) (m)
R0710 6258767.5 460087.5 303.9 -169.5 0+50E 1542.8 340 -60 301.2
R0711 6258679.1 460091.4 308.0 -252.0 0+51W 1546.9 340 -60 303.9
R0712 6258836.6 460140.7 301.1 -126.4 2+99E 1540.0 340 -60 125.0
R0713 6258787.9 460108.3 303.2 -158.8 1+39E 1542.1 340 -55 200.0
R0714 6258858.9 460007.7 291.7 -54.3 0+75W 1530.6 340 -55 199.9
R0715 6258665.3 460047.9 306.7 -248.3 2+00W 1545.6 340 -55 299.5
R0716 6258420.7 460053.0 305.5 -475.6 4+97W 1544.4 340 -65 550.5
R0717 6258373.6 459940.3 304.2 -475.1 8+97W 1543.1 340 -65 550.5
R0718 6258811.4 460056.1 298.4 -116.7 0+11E 1537.3 340 -55 197.5
R0719 6258726.9 460035.5 302.3 -153.6 1+11W 1541.2 340 -55 200.6
R0721 6258721.5 460041.8 301.3 -194.0 1+56W 1540.2 340 -55 221.9
R0722 6258735.0 460007.6 300.5 -168.5 2+32W 1539.4 340 -55 221.9
R0723 6258680.0 460028.4 307.8 -227.2 2+40W 1546.7 340 -55 228.0
R0724 6258681.4 460047.0 309.9 -233.1 1+82W 1548.8 340 -65 230.4
R0725 6258651.9 460038.7 306.7 -257.1 2+45W 1545.6 340 -65 350.5
R0727 6258813.7 460125.4 302.0 -141.7 2+23E 1540.9 340 -45 199.5
R0708D 6259084.3 461657.8 296.1 -488.2 52+00E 1535.0 343.7 -50.4 *474.3
R0709D 6259128.1 461655.8 295.6 -446.9 52+50E 1534.5 338.4 -64.5 *425.5
R0801A 6259036.7 461639.5 296.2 -524.0 50+81E 1535.1 340 -55 500.2
R0802 6259032.5 461668.5 297.1 -540.0 51+62E 1534.8 340 -55 502.3
R0803 6259042.8 461718.1 296.7 -549.8 53+25E 1534.2 340 -53 490.1
R0805 6258834.3 460175.6 301.0 -142.2 4+1E 1539.9 335 -63 173.1
R0806 6258828.6 460208.3 300.5 -160.3 4+93E 1539.4 335 -63 200.6
7146.7
*Deepened holes (see Table 10.1).
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Table 10.5 Significant Results of the 2007/08 Winter Drill Program
Hole Number Area Core Length (m) Copper (%) Zinc (%)
R0708D HW Zinc 9.31 0.04 1.12
R0710 West Anomaly1.47
2.00
0.20
0.38
4.21
2.44
R0711 West Anomaly5.46
6.65
0.35
0.73
2.58
5.71
R0712 West Anomaly 19.10 0.41 6.16
R0713 West Anomaly2.00
2.00
1.09
0.34
4.96
6.98
R0715 West Anomaly2.00
0.50
0.63
0.33
2.56
3.39
R0724 West Anomaly 7.70 0.13 2.81
R0727 West Anomaly 16.00 0.36 5.60
R0801A HW Zinc9.90
3.90
0.17
0.12
3.39
5.81
R0806 West Anomaly
3.00
7.00
4.70
0.64
1.40
0.29
5.28
2.62
2.77
1 0 . 3 D R I L L I N G , 2 0 0 8
The drill program conducted during the summer of 2008 consisted of five holes, one
of which was a re-start, for a total of 1,437.7 metres. Targets were VTEM anomalies
in close proximity to the historic Ruttan Mine. All holes failed to intersect significant
mineralization and the anomalies are thought to be caused by cultural affects.
Collars were spotted and located after completion of drilling with a hand held GPS
device (Garmin 60 CSx). The drill hole coordinates are listed in Table 10.6.
Table 10.6 Kria 2008 Summer Drill Hole Coordinates
Hole IDUTM (Nad 83 Zone 14N)
Bearing (°Az) Dip (°) Depth (m)Easting Northing Elevation (m)
R0807 460088 6259793 300.9 347.9 -58.1 102.7
R0808 460108 6259667 302.2 347.8 -60.0 102.7
R0809 460153 6259565 301.7 338.7 -47.5 401.4
R0812 461255 6258350 311.5 344.6 -45.5 503.8
R0812A 461255 6258350 311.5 344.8 -44.5 327.1
1,437.7
The drill hole location map for all Kria’s drill programs may be found in Figure 10.1.
Trevali Mining Corp. 33 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
1 0 . 4 G E O P H Y S I C S , 2 0 0 8
In April 2008, Geotech Inc. was contracted to fly Versatile Time Domain
Electromagnetic (VTEM) Geophysical Survey over the Property. A total 0f 1,723 line
km flown along flight lines oriented at N160°E and at 100 metre spacings. Tie lines
were flown every 1,000 m in a N070°E direction. At the time of writing this report,
processing and interpretation of the geophysical data was ongoing.
1 0 . 5 E X P L O R A T I O N E X P E N D I T U R E S , 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 0 8
To date, Kria has completed over $4,330,000 of exploration expenditures on the
former Ruttan Mine. A detailed list of the exploration expenditures in 2007 and 2008
are listed in Table 10.7 below.
Table 10.7 Kria 2007 and 2008 Exploration Expenditures
Year2007
($Cdn)
2008
($Cdn)
Total
($Cdn)
Acquisition and property costs 329,237 303,763 633,000
Exploration Expenditures
Field equipment 11,855 49,111 60,966
Drilling 1,137,243 1,201,884 2,339,127
Wages and salaries 383,738 532,295 916,033
Geological surveys 48,239 403,449 451,688
Travel, transportation and freight 27,409 41,608 69,017
Field consumables 179,595 259,293 438,888
Field office support 27,224 29,537 56,761
Total Exploration Expenditures 1,815,303 2,517,177 4,332,480
TOTAL DEFERRED COSTS $2,144,540 $2,820,940 $4,965,480
$Cdn – Canadian Dollars
Source: Kria Resources Inc.
Trevali Mining Corp. 34 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Figure 10.1 Drill Hole Location Map, Kria Drill Programs 2007-2008
Trevali Mining Corp. 35 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
1 1 . 0 D R I L L I N G
Historically, diamond drill holes were sited on the hanging wall side of
electromagnetic conductors and drilled a few metres past the conductor. Lateral
spacing between drill holes varied according to field conditions, but generally the
plan was to intersect the conductors at 200-foot (60 metre) intervals. Diamond
drilling in the late 1960s and 1970s was mainly BQ and AX core size. HBM&S
continued the practice of using BQ size core on surface and AX size underground.
Records indicate that surface and underground core was logged by company
employees in a formal core handling facility located at the mine site. Upon receipt of
the core from the drill contractor, the footage markers were checked for proper
location and were also used to estimate core loss (if any). After logging the core, the
geologist marked the sample intervals on the core and provided appropriate sample
tags and documentation for each interval to be sampled (from the same side of a
splitting line). Sample intervals generally ranged from 0.3 metres to 1.5 metres and
accommodated changes in lithologies and the length of the mineralized sections.
Diamond drill logs were principally recorded on paper media when SGM ran the mine
while digital logs were generated by HBM&S. In both cases the logs contained
detailed descriptions of the lithologies, alteration assemblages, structural data, and
mineralization as well as borehole trajectory surveys. However, in either case the
hard copy drill hole data was not available for review by Wardrop.
The sulphide-rich lenses are upright with dips ranging from 50° to 80° to the south.
They vary in thickness from 4 to 50 metres with a strike length of 2000m and a down-
dip length of about 1,050 metres. The mineralization is intersected at different
altitudes because of the use of fan drilling underground and surface drilling with
varying head azimuths and dips. Consequently, true widths for the mineralization
have to be calculated on a hole by hole basis. Drilling was conducted on a regular
grid down to 15 metre drill hole spacing and several core samples were collected
where the drill hole intersected the mineralized zones.
Trevali Mining Corp. 36 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
1 2 . 0 S A M P L I N G M E T H O D A N D A P P R O A C H
Kria collected samples from the 35 holes drilled in 2007 and 2008. The following
description (based upon a document supplied by Kria) documents the method of
sampling.
The geologist logs the core and prepares it for sampling - the core is marked in
red grease pencil with a sample number, a core cutting line along the core axis
and a sample interval denoted by red arrows at both ends of the sample interval.
The geologist keeps sample books and a sample summary sheet for each drill
hole.
Nominal sample lengths are one metre.
The sample intervals and related information are provided to Kria in the form of a
summary list for each hole, the latter providing the sample numbers, from, to,
width (metres) and a description.
Similar sample information is also recorded in the sample books provided by TSL
Laboratories/ALS Laboratories Group. In particular, the information consists of
the date, drill hole number, sample description, from, to, remarks and the
geologist’s name.
A check is made to ensure that all the data from the sample books matches the
sample summary sheets.
After this has been done the sample interval is checked against the core in each
box and then checked for sample number, drill hole number, from, to and width.
Next, one of the three tear-off sample interval tags is placed into a plastic bag.
The core is then broken to begin the sample interval (if it is not already broken).
For drill holes R0701 to R0709, each core box with samples was boxed shut and
transported to Snow Lake, MB by Stephen Davies. A core-cutting facility is
available in this mining town.
For the 2007/2008 winter drill program, Kria purchased a core saw which was set
up in Leaf Rapids core logging facility and operated by local trained personnel.
The core is then sawn into two halves along the red line using a diamond core
blade. Each sub-section of core is approximately six inches in length.
After the core is sawn in half it is placed in the sample bag with a sample tag. A
check is made to confirm that the sample is being placed into the correct sample
bag. The other half of the core is placed back into the core box and aligned in
the original orientation as laid out in the core box.
Trevali Mining Corp. 37 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
The entire sample interval is cut and continually checked to ensure the correct
sample is placed into the correct sample bag.
Once the complete sample is cut the sample bag is sealed and placed into rice
bags for shipping by Gardwine North.
At all times the samples are under the direct care and supervision of Stephen
Davies, P.Eng. or M. Dayle Rusk, P Geo. up to, and including, placing the
samples on the truck. Stephen Davies P.Eng. is an officer of Kria with the title VP
Operations and Chief Operating Officer. M. Dayle Rusk P.Geo is VP Exploration
for Kria.
Wardrop observed some of this sampling protocol during the site visit. In addition, it
was observed by Wardrop that the sample intervals were tied to lithological contacts
wherever practicable. Within the mineralized zones there did not appear to be any
recovery issues. Wardrop recommends that a sample tag is stapled into the core
box at the appropriate location as a record of the sampling program.
The bulk of the information in the database is derived from samples collected by staff
members of different mining companies. There is no current documentation of their
sampling.
Trevali Mining Corp. 38 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
1 3 . 0 S A M P L E P R E P A R A T I O N , A N A L Y S E S ,A N D S E C U R I T Y
There is no available documentation on the preparation, analysis and security of
samples collected at the mine site prior to the involvement of Kria. However,
discussions with former employees of the Ruttan Mine, as well as a review of
summary reports, indicate that a protocol was followed. A summary of this protocol
is given below (modified from Harron, 2007).
Sample preparation was completed by company employees at the mine site. During
the production period of the mine the sample preparation area and separate assay
laboratory were located within a fenced off area.
Split core samples were prepared and analyzed either by SGM personnel (pre-1987)
or HBM&S personnel (post-1987). After the samples were logged, the split drill core
was crushed in its entirety at the on-site laboratory to 70% passing two millimetres.
From these coarse rejects a sub-sample of 200 to 250 grams was split and
pulverized to 80% passing 75 microns. From each pulp a 100 gram sub-sample was
split for assay. The remainder of the pulp (nominally 100 to 150 grams) and the
rejects were archived on site for future reference. There is no record of these coarse
rejects/pulps and their current location is unknown.
The base metals of interest (copper and zinc), plus silver, lead, iron and gold, were
determined using a 0.25 gram aliquot that was subjected to an aqua-regia digestion
followed by analysis using atomic absorption spectrometry.
The upper limit for the base metals determined by this method is one percent.
Samples showing higher values were re-assayed using a 0.4 gram aliquot and a
finish by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The upper limit for the precious metals is
one part per million for each of silver and gold.
The quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) program of Kria (2007/2008 drilling)
inserted both blanks and certified reference materials in the sample stream. No
sample duplicates were taken. Blank samples were inserted every 40th sample while
commercially available reference materials were inserted every 20th sample. The
latter were chosen to represent a range of grade values appropriate for the
mineralization being sampled.
During the summer 2007 drill program (R0701 to R0709) Kria submitted all
exploration samples to TSL Laboratories in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (an ISO/IEC
17025 accredited laboratory). All of the samples were crushed, pulverized and
analysed by TSL. A multi-acid digestion was used followed by either Inductively
Trevali Mining Corp. 39 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP/AES) or Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry (AAS).
During the winter 2007-2008 drill program, samples were submitted to the ALS
Laboratory Group preparation laboratory in Thunder Bay, Ontario where the samples
were dried, crushed, and pulverized. Pulps were then couriered to the ALS North
Vancouver laboratory (an ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory) for analysis. Gold
was analysed by fire assay, with either an AAS or AES (atomic emission
spectroscopy) finish. Other metals were determined by HF-HNO3-HCI04 acid
digestion, hydrochloric acid (HCl) leach and ICP-AES finish.
Trevali Mining Corp. 40 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
1 4 . 0 D A T A V E R I F I C A T I O N
During mine operation, standard samples were inserted into the sample stream at
approximately 1 in 20 samples and batches exceeding a two standard deviation limit
were re-analyzed. It is not known how many samples were submitted to an
independent laboratory for check assaying. Wardrop was unable to verify any of this
information.
For the 2007/2008 drilling program Kria inserted blank samples every 40th sample
and commercially available reference materials every 20th sample; this technique
monitors contamination and accuracy. No duplicate samples were used to assess
precision issues.
Hard copy versions of the Ruttan Mine (pre-Kria) database records were not
available for examination. According to Harron (2007), HBM&S collected digital data
while most of the records collected by SGM were on paper only.
Check samples from Kria’s drilling were collected by Wardrop in August 2007 and
submitted to Activation Laboratories in Ancaster, Ontario (an ISO/IEC 17025
accredited laboratory). The Wardrop samples were analysed using a sodium
peroxide fusion followed by acid dissolution and ICP/OES.
Table 14.1 displays the results for these samples along with the equivalent results
from TSL Laboratories, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan for the same core.
The values in Table 14.1 indicate that base metal mineralization is present in the
selected samples. Sample variability between the two batches may be due to
heterogeneity in the mineralization or differences between the two analytical
techniques (amongst other things). Nevertheless, Wardrop is satisfied that there are
significant grades of base metal mineralization within the Kria West Anomaly portion
of the Ruttan property (from where the samples were taken).
Trevali Mining Corp. 41 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Table 14.1 Check Sample Results from the 2007 Drilling Program
Wardrop Check SamplesActivation Labs, Ancaster, Ontario
Au Ag Cu Fe Pb Zn
Unit Symbol g/tonne g/tonne % % % %
Detection Limit 0.03 3 0.005 0.05 0.01 0.01
Analysis Method FA-GRA FA-GRA FUS-Na2O2 FUS-Na2O2 FUS-Na2O2 FUS-Na2O2
W121135 < 0.03 11 0.125 7.02 0.32 0.06
W121136 < 0.03 < 3 0.199 36.5 0.01 7.88
W121137 < 0.03 < 3 0.109 36.4 0.01 7.49
Original Kria DataTSL Laboratories, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Au Ag Cu Fe Pb Zn
121135 0.0714 6 0.145 5.4 0.12496 0.3012
121136 0.0467 2.2 0.132 35.33 0.00764 7.39
121137 0.0243 2.2 0.102 39.93 0.00971 5.14
Trevali Mining Corp. 42 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
1 5 . 0 A D J A C E N T P R O P E R T I E S
There are no adjacent properties in this part of Manitoba. However, Barrie and
Taylor (2001) provide commentary on worldwide analogs, suggesting that this is a
normal VMS deposit similar to those in the Iberian Pyrite Belt.
Trevali Mining Corp. 43 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
1 6 . 0 M I N E R A L P R O C E S S I N G A N DM E T A L L U R G I C A L T E S T I N G
Kria has not completed any metallurgical testing of samples taken from either of the
exploration targets drilled in 2007/2008.
Trevali Mining Corp. 44 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
1 7 . 0 M I N E R A L R E S O U R C E A N D M I N E R A LR E S E R V E E S T I M A T E S
1 7 . 1 I N T R O D U C T I O N
This section was previously prepared for Kria and is included in document
# 0787190100-REP-L0001-03.
Wardrop has estimated an NI 43-101 compliant resource for the Ruttan deposit. The
bounding coordinates for the project are shown in Table 17.1. These coordinates
correspond to the block centroids (of the mine grid) provided by Kria.
Table 17.1 Block Centroid Coordinates for the Ruttan Project
Minimum Maximum
Easting -155.0 2005.0
Northing -802.5 102.5
Elevation 195.0 1555.0
17.1.1 DAT ABASE
Kria supplied all of the digital data for the resource estimate. This data is metric and
comes from the final HBM&S MineSite database at the time of mine closure (2002).
The data was imported into Gemcom GEMS 6.04 Resource Evaluation Edition
software package.
The drill hole dataset included the header files, survey files and assay files for all
underground and surface holes at Ruttan. No lithology files were supplied. Wardrop
created a table for composited intervals (called the COMP_FINAL table) as well as a
table to capture the length of mineralization within each solid (the SOLIDCOMBO
table). Table 17.2 summarises the drilling data records supplied to Wardrop. This
table also shows the holes used by Wardrop for the resource estimate. There were
24 regional exploration holes that were not used in the resource estimate as these
drill holes do not form part of the mineralized deposit.
Manual checks on the database were made to remove any obvious errors prior to
statistical treatments (such as negative values). However, some other issues, such
as unusual sample lengths, could not be validated since the hard copy data was
unavailable.
Trevali Mining Corp. 45 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
The data supplied covers all of the lenses of mineralization within the Ruttan mine.
Recent drill holes from the 2007/2008 drill program (32 holes) are also included in
the dataset.
Table 17.2 Summary of the Drilling Data Records
Deposit Drill HolesCollar
Readings
Survey
Readings
Assay
Entries
All Holes in Dataset 5,866 5,866 54,899 296,681
Holes used for Estimate 5,842 5,842 54,431 295,154
Regional Holes not Used 24 Holes lie outside the block centroid coordinates
Assay Readings used by Wardrop (greater than zero)
Cu Zn Fe Pb
215,999 207,316 218,974 2,003
17.1.2 SPEC IF IC GR AVITY
When HBM&S operated the Ruttan Mine the specific gravity was calculated, rather
than interpolated, from assay values (Maunula, 1997). The formula used is given in
Table 17.3.
Table 17.3 HBM&S Specific Gravity Formula
SG = 1/Tonnage Factor
Tonnage Factor (m3
/tonne) = 0.3623 – (0.0031*(CU/5+ZN/2+FE))
The formula is derived from a linear regression curve fitted to experimental data (in-
house specific gravity and assay values) collected for 175 lower mine drilling
samples (Lantz, 1985). Specifically, the area of the mine studied is the east ore lens
at the 800 metre level. In this formula, the Cu, Zn and Fe attributes (in %) are known
as the Total Sulphide components and the denominators are derived from
‘mineralogical data and basic assumptions at the Ruttan Mine’ (Lantz, 1985).
For this report and the resource estimate Wardrop has interpolated the specific
gravity for each block in the block model based on the above formula.
1 7 . 2 E X P L O R A T O R Y D A T A A N A L Y S I S
Exploratory Data Analysis is the application of various statistical tools to elucidate the
characteristics of the data set. In this case, the objective is to understand the
population distribution of the grade elements through the use of such tools as
histograms, descriptive statistics and probability plots. The following discussion
applies to copper and zinc only since these are the key elements at Ruttan.
Trevali Mining Corp. 46 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
17.2.1 RAW ASSAYS
Raw assay statistics are shown in Table 17.4. Only those values greater than zero
were used in the statistical analysis.
Table 17.4 Raw Assay Statistics for the Complete Dataset (Excluding Regional
Holes)
Minimum Maximum Average Standard Deviation Variance Count
Cu (%) 0.001 26.30 0.68 1.22 1.49 215,999
Zn (%) 0.001 47.85 0.70 2.39 5.69 207,316
Fe (%) 0.1 74.00 16.76 14.12 199.3 218,974
Pb (%) 0.01 28.40 0.13 0.80 0.65 2,003
Frequency and cumulative probability plots for both Cu (%) and Zn (%) are shown in
Figures 17.1 and 17.2.
17.2.2 CAPPIN G
Two methods are used to assess the need for capping:
Cumulative frequency plots.
Decile analysis.
Examples of the cumulative frequency plots for the raw uncapped data are given in
Figures 17.1 and 17.2. With large datasets the cumulative frequency plots do not
always produce clear-cut values for capping levels. Instead, decile analysis can be
used to assist with setting capping levels. Table 17.5 shows the capping levels and
the number of capped samples for the complete dataset. A decile-percentile plot for
zinc within the complete dataset is shown in Figure 17.3.
Table 17.5 Capping Levels for the Complete Dataset (Excluding Regional
Holes)
Element Capping Level Values Capped Values Uncapped (>0%) Percent Capped
Cu (%) 5.9 2162 214,256 1.02
Zn (%) 11.75 2189 205,574 1.07
HBM&S did not cap any of the assay data used in their resource estimates (Maunula,
1997) even though capping appears to be appropriate.
Trevali Mining Corp. 47 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Figure 17.1 Copper Assays (%) for the Complete Dataset (Excluding Regional
Holes)
Trevali Mining Corp. 48 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Figure 17.2 Zinc Assays (%) for the Complete Dataset (Excluding Regional
Holes)
Trevali Mining Corp. 49 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Figure 17.3 Decile-Percentile Data for Zinc within the Complete Dataset
(Excluding Regional Holes)
17.2.3 COMPOSIT ES
Table 17.6 shows the statistics for the copper assay sample lengths for the Kria
dataset (excluding the regional holes).
Table 17.6 Raw Assay Sample Length Statistics (Excluding Regional Holes)
Minimum Maximum AverageStandard
DeviationVariance Count
Length (m) 0.01 107.87 1.63 0.84 0.70 216,418
The average length for copper (and zinc) sample assays is 1.63 metres; this value
more or less corresponds to the length used by HBM&S (1.75 metres). A composite
interval of 1.75 metres has been used for the Ruttan dataset to remain consistent
with the HBM&S method.
The number of copper and zinc composite samples (capped) within the solids is
given in Table 17.7 while a statistical summary is given in Table 17.8. The minimum
remnant composite length used is 0.2 metres; this is the same as that used by
HBM&S when the Ruttan Mine was in operation. An analysis of the 1,060 remnant
samples shows that there are 267 samples (0.41% of the total) with Cu > 1% and
190 samples (0.29% of the total) with Zn >1%. When these samples are weighted
against their lengths there are only 18 Cu (0.03% of the total) and 63 Zn (0.10%)
samples with values greater than 0.5%. When these remnants are plotted with the
Trevali Mining Corp. 50 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
solids in 3-D space they appear to be scattered rather than concentrated at a
particular contact. Leaving out these remnants will not bias the resource estimate
and will ensure that smaller, less representative samples will not be included in the
interpolation.
Table 17.7 Composite Capped Samples
Cu % Zn %
Number of samples 64,742 64,742
Number of composite samples less than 0.2 m 1,060 1,060
Samples used for block modelling 63,682 63,682
Table 17.8 Statistical Summary of all Composites (Values>0)
Copper Capped
Minimum Maximum Average Mode Median Std Dev Variance Count
0.00047 5.9 1.22 5.9 0.93 1.14 1.30 63,428
Zinc Capped
Minimum Maximum Average Mode Median Std Dev Variance Count
0.00003 11.75 1.12 0.01 0.11 2.16 4.65 62,998
Histogram and cumulative probability plots for both Cu and Zn (no zeros) are shown
in Figures 17.4 and 17.5. Note that both graphs flatten out at the capping level.
Within the database there are samples that have no entries for certain elements
(77,213 Cu, 77,223 Zn, 77,204 Fe and 294,567 Pb). These are treated as zero
entries and have not been included in the statistical reports. Composites with zero
grade were used for interpolation. There are no samples with ‘below detection limit’
entries although there were some entries with negative values. These have been
transformed into zeroes and are treated the same as the no entry values.
Trevali Mining Corp. 51 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Figure 17.4 Histogram and Cumulative Probability Plot for Copper
Trevali Mining Corp. 52 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Figure 17.5 Histogram and Cumulative Probability Plot for Zinc
Trevali Mining Corp. 53 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
1 7 . 3 G E O L O G I C A L I N T E R P R E T A T I O N
Kria supplied the 3-D rings for the geological interpretation. These rings were
divided into the following three groups:
3-D rings for the base metal mineralization.
3-D rings for internal waste-rock areas.
3-D rings for the mined-out stopes.
Kria supplied the 3-D rings as a series of 10 metre plan-views in DXF format and
Wardrop imported them into Gemcom and validated. The base metal mineralization
rings used a 1% CuEQ cut-off value (as created by HBM&S at the time of mine
closure in 2002).
Twelve geological solids (Table 17.9) were created by extruding the 3-D rings 4.99
metres on either side of the plan section line. This distance was chosen to minimise
the solid validation errors. Two solids (WA1 and MM7) contained minor edge count
and triangulation errors which were deemed insignificant. The mined-out stopes and
internal waste solids were created in the same way and checked for errors. No
significant errors were present.
Table 17.9 Solids Names and Explanation
Rock Code Solid Names Legend
10 WASTE Internal waste
99 EXT_WAS External waste
110 WA110 West Anomaly
120 WA120 West Anomaly
130 WA130 West Anomaly
140 WA140 West Anomaly
210 MM210 Main Mine
220 MM220 Main Mine
230 MM230 Main Mine
240 MM240 Main Mine
250 MM250 Main Mine
260 MM260 Main Mine
270 MM270 Main Mine
280 MM280 Main Mine
Creating a solid by extruding on either side of the plane creates multiple consecutive
intervals as each drill hole passes through different (but adjacent) solids. These
multiple intervals were combined to create one interval for each hole intersecting a
solid (copied to a GEMS table called SOLIDCOMBO). Composite intervals were
created for these intervals within each of the 12 geology solids.
Trevali Mining Corp. 54 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Figure 17.6 is a perspective view of the multiple solids used for the resource estimate
looking towards the northeast. The solid in dark blue (closest to the viewer) is
WA110, the purple solid is MM280 (middle area) while the burgundy solid is MM270
(furthest away from the viewer). Two other solids were also created (WA_ALL and
MM_ALL).
1 7 . 4 S P A T I A L A N A L Y S I S
HBM&S ran 3-D variography (within MedSystems) on all datasets when the Ruttan
Mine was in operation. In total, 35 variograms were run for different portions of the
mine and independent checks were made to confirm the variography results
(Maunula, 1997). Wardrop believes that the process followed by HBM&S was
thorough and did not need to be repeated. Consequently, the HBM&S parameters
were used by Wardrop to create the current resource estimate.
The search ellipse parameters used for this resource estimate are shown in Figure
17.7.
1 7 . 5 B L O C K M O D E L
A single block model was created to encompass all of the deposits at the former
Ruttan Mine. Table 17.10 shows the GEMS coordinates for this block model. This is
because the Kria coordinates are block centroids and the GEMS coordinates use
block vertices.
Table 17.10 GEMS Block Model Limits (Edge to Edge)
Minimum Maximum
Easting -160 2005.0
Northing -805 102.5
Elevation 1560 1555.0
17.5.1 BLOCK MOD EL S IZ E
The block size used for this report mimics the size used by HBM&S when the mine
was in operation. Table 17.11 shows the block dimensions while Figure 17.8 displays
a screen capture of the block model folders used in GEMS for this project.
Table 17.11 Block Sizes
Easting Northing Elevation
Block Sizes (m) 10 5 10
Trevali Mining Corp. 55 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Figure 17.6 Three-Dimensional View of the Solids Used for the Resource Model
Trevali Mining Corp. 56 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Figure 17.7 Search Ellipse Parameters
Trevali Mining Corp. 57 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Figure 17.8 Block Model Set-Up in GEMS
17.5.2 INTER POLATION PLAN
Inverse Distance Squared (ID2) and Nearest Neighbour (NN) models were estimated
for the Kria dataset. Both models used two passes for uncapped and capped data.
Table 17.12 displays the Pass 1 and Pass 2 criteria for the ID2 interpolation using
capped values.
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Table 17.12 Interpolation Parameters for Passes 1 and 2
Ellipsoid Dimensions Number of samples used
X Y Z Min Max Max per hole
PASS 1 25 7.5 25 6 15 5
PASS 2 50 15 25 3 45 5
Additional special models were created to facilitate the resource estimation and
classification:
Two models to capture the number of points used in the ID2 Pass 1 and 2
estimates of the uncapped data (N_SAM_P1 and N_SAM_P2).
A model for the actual distance to the closest point for the NN estimates
using uncapped data (DIST).
A script routine was used to determine the pass number for the blocks
(PASS_NMB). This number was used (with another script) to create a
category number (CAT model).
Copper equivalent models were created for capped and uncapped data
using two formulae, one using 2002 economic criteria and the other using
2007 criteria. These formulae are discussed in section 17.5.3.
A model for the interpolated specific gravity values.
17.5.3 MET AL EQUIVALENC Y FORMULAE
HBM&S used a 1% copper equivalency (CuEQ) formula to define the boundaries of
the mineralized solids. The formula is:
CuEQ 2002: Cu + Zn/4
Wardrop used this formula (with capped and uncapped data) to populate the
Cu_EQ_02 model with interpolated values. A copper equivalency formula
incorporating expected metal recoveries was also used with the same point data to
populate the Cu_EQ_07 models. The latter formula uses more relevant variables;
having both models enables visual comparisons of the grade distribution. The 2007
formula is:
CuEQ_C 2007: (((Cu Price * Cu Recovery * Cu Grade Capped * 22.04622) + (Zn
Price * Zn Recovery * Zn Grade Capped * 22.04622)) / (Cu Price)) / 22.04622
For the 2007 formula the following values were used:
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Variable Value
Cu Price $2.50
Cu Recovery 93.80%
Zn Price $1.14
Zn Recovery 77.31%
Pounds per tonne 2204.622
The Cu values are capped at 5.9% while the Zn values are capped at 11.75%. The
mill recovery values are derived from the five-year estimates (1985 to 1989) shown in
a report by Tenney (1985) while the metal prices are three-year moving averages
(September 2004 to October 2007) from a database maintained by Wardrop.
Modified values were used for the updated resource estimate (Appendix A).
17.5.4 M IN ER AL RESOU RCE CLASSIF ICAT ION
The resource estimate for the Ruttan project is classified as Inferred for the following
three reasons:
There are no hard copy drill logs or assay certificates to validate the
database.
When a solid is generated by extrusion it may create a variance between the
start (or end) of the extruded solid and the location of the composite assays.
Figure 17.9 highlights this issue.
The mineralized solids were created using the 2002 CuEQ formula whereas
the block model interpolation uses the 2007 CuEQ formula.
In Figure 17.9 the blue bars represent the drill hole/solid intercepts while the red bars
represent all values greater than 1% CuEQ_02. The mismatch between the two
items highlights the imprecision of extruding solids and lowers the confidence level
for the resource estimate to Inferred.
Both ID2 and NN methods were used to estimate the resource; the NN method is
used as a cross-check for the ID2 method. Table 17.13 gives the summary statistics
for the Distance model – the average distance to the nearest composite is about 9m
while the maximum is closer to 50 m.
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Figure 17.9 Solid Extrusion Issues (Blocks Shown by Red Lines)
Table 17.13 Distance to Nearest Composite Statistics
Minimum Maximum Average Std Dev Variance Count
0 49.05 9.08 5.66 31.99 77275
17.5.5 M IN ER AL RESOU RCE TABULAT ION
To estimate the resources correctly it was necessary to set a precedence value for
the three types of solids (mineralization, stopes and internal waste). Table 17.14
shows the results of the resource estimation. The base case of 1% CuEQ cut-off is
highlighted in yellow.
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Table 17.14 Inferred Mineral Resources at Ruttan (Estimate by Wardrop, 2008)
Solid Names Grades Volume of Solids (m3) Density (t/m
3) Tonnage (t) Cu (%) Zn (%) CUEQ_C07 (%)
Combined Main
and West Anomaly
Areas (includes the
HW Zinc Zone)
>2.0 894,870 3.672 3,285,659 1.90 3.13 2.59
>1.5 2,265,640 3.642 8,252,155 1.50 2.30 2.06
>1.0 4,742,140 3.616 17,148,138 1.23 1.60 1.64
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17.5.6 VALIDAT ION
Global and visual methods were used to validate the model. The global methods are
shown in Table 17.15 while examples of the visual methods are shown in Figures
17.10 and 17.11.
Table 17.15 Global Grade Comparisons
Raw Assays Composites Block Model ID2
Cu % 1.28 1.24 1.07
Zn % 1.30 1.24 1.28
The visual comparisons of block model grades with composite grades show a
reasonable correlation between the values. No significant discrepancies were
apparent from the sections reviewed.
Figure 17.10 Composites-Block Model Grade Comparisons (1)
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Figure 17.11 Composites-Block Model Grade Comparisons (2)
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1 8 . 0 O T H E R R E L E V A N T D A T A A N DI N F O R M A T I O N
The Ruttan property was a producing mine until 2002 when low metals prices forced
the mine to close. Initial mining was done by open pit. The dimensions of the open
pit are 2600 m long x 1400 m wide x 350 m deep (all approximate measures). The
mine evolved into an underground operation completed to the 1050 m level below
surface, with a shaft utilized for bringing ore to surface.
During the Wardrop site visit, it was confirmed that the mill was removed and no
surface infrastructure remains standing. The site visit confirmed the presence of
small dried tailings ponds on site and a larger active pond. As well, several waste
and low grade rock stockpiles exist on the property. The site surface water is
collected and drained and/or channeled to the open pit, which subsequently drains
into the underground mine. Also noteworthy is the existence of a power line to
property that could be re-habilitated.
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1 9 . 0 I N T E R P R E T A T I O N A N D C O N C L U S I O N S
Multiple lenses of base metal massive sulphide mineralization are present at Ruttan,
with copper and zinc as the elements of interest. All of the digital data used for this
estimate was supplied by the current owner of the project (Kria Resources). This
data includes drill hole and assay information as well as various 3-D rings for the
mineralization, mined stopes and waste rock lenses. The supplied data came from
the HBM&S database at the time of mine closure (2002) and is believed to be
accurate although a lack of supporting hard copy data made it difficult to validate the
digital data. Wardrop visited the site, reviewed some of the historical drill core and
interviewed the project staff.
The various 3-D rings were extruded for 4.99 metres on either side of the plan centre
line. All of the solids were validated and solid-intercept intersections were calculated.
One of the issues with vertically extruding the 3-D rings to create solids is a potential
mismatch between the solid boundaries and the actual location of the mineralization.
This shortcoming is one reason for defining the category of mineralization as
Inferred. Wardrop recommends that the tie-line approach to solid creation be used
for any future studies.
The density for the tonnage estimation is interpolated from the values supplied by
Kria. Both ID2 and NN interpolation methods were used with capped and uncapped
values. An ID2 Inferred Resource of 17.15 million tonnes at 1.64% CuEQ_C is
present at Ruttan (using a 1% CuEQ_C cut-off). Both the internal waste and the
mined out stopes have been subtracted from the global resource estimate to arrive at
this number. No reserves are present at Ruttan.
The CUEQ_C 2007 formula incorporates values for both mill recoveries and metal
prices. Weighting the copper and zinc assays with these values creates a more
realistic grade distribution in the final block model. This formula is believed to be
more representative of today’s market conditions and will therefore generate a more
relevant resource estimate. This equivalency formula should be compared to the
simpler formula used by HBM&S
(Cu + Zn/4).
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2 0 . 0 R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S
Recommended work for the Ruttan property consists of grade and tonnage
reconciliation to establish a base case of near term mineable tons from surface to
approximately 600 m deep. This reconciliation will then lead into a desktop study
analyzing the mineable tons from both an underground and an open pit perspective.
Included in the study will be integration of the present ongoing long term closure plan
for the mine and the case for reopening the mine and re-establishing the surface
infrastructure needed to process the reconciled Ruttan deposit. This study will be
conducted internally with outside consultants providing assistance and overview on
an as needed basis. The study will require a 5 month period starting in the 2nd
quarter of 2009. The expected budget for the recommended work is $200,000.
Kria’s diamond drill programs of 2007/2008 established the West Anomaly
mineralization extends to within 50 m of the surface. Wardrop recommends targeting
near surface diamond drill holes at a tight spacing to upgrade resources from the
Inferred to the Indicated category. It is envisioned that approximately 1500 m of
drilling will be required for an estimated cost of $300,000.
To upgrade the resource category from Inferred to Indicated Wardrop recommends
the creation of a wireframe using tie-lines and 3-D rings. This required step will be
time consuming and labour-intensive but is essential for accurate volume creation.
At the same time the database should be cleaned by cross-checking the digital data
with any hard copy data. Estimated cost is $65,000.
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2 1 . 0 R E F E R E N C E S
Anderson, S.D., Beaumont-Smith, C.J. and Bohm, C.O., 2005: Structure and
geometry of the Paleoproterozoic Ruttan VMS deposit, southwest Rusty Lake belt
(NTS 64B5), Manitoba; Manitoba Industry, Economic Development and Mines,
Manitoba Geological Survey, Geoscientific Report GR 2005-1, 35p.
Ames, D.E., 1996: Stratigraphic and tectonic setting of the Paleoproterozoic Ruttan
Cu-Zn VHMS deposit, Rusty Lake belt, Trans-Hudson Oroge; In EXTECH 1: A
Multidisciplinary Approach to Massive Sulphide Research in the Rusty Lake-Snow
Lake Greenstone Belts, Manitoba, (ed.) G.F. Bonham-Carter, A.G. Galley and
G.E.M. Hall; Geol. Survey. Can., Bulletin 426, p. 15-43
Ames, D.E. and Taylor, C., 1996: Geology of the West Anomaly orebody, Ruttan
volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposit, Proterozoic Rusty Lake belt; In EXTECH
1: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Massive Sulphide Research in the Rusty Lake-
Snow Lake Greenstone Belts Manitoba, (ed.) G.F. Bonham-Carter, A.G. Galley and
G.E.M. Hall; Geol. Survey. Can., Bulletin 426, p. 45-76
Baldwin, D.A., 1980: Ruttan Lake, Karsakuwigamak Lake, Eagle Lake project; In
Manitoba Energy and Mines, Mineral Resources Division, Report of Field Activities,
p. 14-18.
Baldwin, D.A., 1988: Geology of the southern part of the Rusty Lake volcanic belt;
Manitoba Energy and Mines, Minerals Division, Geological Report GR86-1, 90p.
Baldwin, D.A., Syme, E.C., Zwanzig, H.V., Gordon, T.M., Hunt, P.A. and Stevens,
R.D., 1987: U-Pb zircon ages from the Lynn Lake and Rusty Lake metavolcanic
belts, Manitoba: two ages of Proterozoic magmatism; Can Jour. Earth Sci., V. 24, p.
1053-1063.
Barrie, C.T. and Taylor, C., 2001: Geology, alteration mineralogy, geochemistry and
volcanogenic massive sulphide potential of the Ruttan Mine area and the southern
Rusty Lake volcanic belt (NTS 64B); Manitoba Industry, Trade and Mines, Manitoba
Geological Survey, O.F. Report OF2001-9, 25p.
Gale, G.H., McClenaghan, S.H. and Yaworski, R., 2002: Geology and geochemistry
of the Ruttan and Darrol Lake deposits (NTS 63B5), Manitoba; In Report of Activities
2002, Manitoba Industry, Trade and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 198-204.
Government of Manitoba, Department of Science and Technology, Energy and
Mines, Mineral Resources Division; Mineral Disposition Map (online GIS viewer and
database) http://geoapp2.gov.mb.ca/website/claim_map/viewer.htm
Trevali Mining Corp. 68 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
Harron, G.A., 2007: Technical Report on Ruttan Mine Property and Claim 5025, The
Pas Mining District, Manitoba; For Kria Resources Inc.
Lantz, B., 1985: Re-evaluation of the tonnage factor estimate for Ruttan Mine
between 430 and 800 metric levels; Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited, internal report.
Maunula, T.L., 1997: Geological Resource Calculation Procedures; HBM&S, internal
report.
Speakman, D.S., Chornoby, P.J., Haystead, B.C.W. and Holmes, G.F., 1982:
Geology of the Ruttan deposit, northern Manitoba; Geol. Assoc. Can., Special Paper
25, p. 525-555.
Tenney, D., 1985: Ore reserves and break-even grades; Sherritt Gordon Mines
Limited, internal report.
PR ESS RELE ASE S :
Kria Press Release, Oct 2008. Beartooth Platinum and Kria Resources Agree to
Business Combination. 23 October 2008.
WEB SITE S :
Government of Manitoba, Department of Science and Technology, Energy and
Mines. Mineral Resources Division:
Mineral Disposition Map and Database:
http://geoapp2.gov.mb.ca/website/claim_map/viewer.htm
Trevali Mining Corp. 69 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
2 2 . 0 C E R T I F I C A T E O F Q U A L I F I E D P E R S O N S
2 2 . 1 C E R T I F I C A T E F O R T I M M A U N U L A , P . G E O .
I, Tim Maunula, P.Geo., of Oakville, Ontario, do hereby certify:
I am a Chief Geostatistician with Wardrop Engineering Inc. with a business
address at 900-330 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5H 2S8.
This certificate applies to the technical report entitled Technical Report on the
Former Ruttan Mine, Northern Manitoba, Canada, with an effective date of
February 18, 2009 (the “Technical Report”).
I am a graduate of Lakehead University, (B.Sc. Honours, 1979). I am a member
in good standing of the Association of Professional Geoscientists of Ontario
(License #1115). My relevant experience with respect to geology includes over
30 years of exploration, operations and consulting experience including
considerable experience at base metal properties in Manitoba. I am a “Qualified
Person” for purposes of National Instrument 43-101 (the “Instrument”).
I have not completed a personal inspection of the Property that is the subject of
this Technical Report.
I am responsible for all Sections of the Technical Report.
I am independent of Trevali Mining Corp. as defined by Section 1.5 of the
Instrument.
I have prior involvement with the Property that is the subject of the Technical
Report. I was the Senior Geologist for the Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting Co.
Ltd. From 1995 to 1997 at the Ruttan Mine.
I have read the Instrument and the Technical Report has been prepared in
compliance with the Instrument.
As of the date of this certificate, to the best of my knowledge, information and
belief, the technical report contains all scientific and technical information that is
required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading.
Signed and dated this 19th day of August, 2011 at Oakville, Ontario.
“Original document, signed andsealed by Tim Maunula, P.Geo.”
Tim Maunula, P.Geo.
Trevali Mining Corp. 70 0787190100-REP-R0001-00Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine
2 2 . 2 C E R T I F I C A T E F O R C H R I S T O P H E R M O R E T O N , P H . D . , P . G E O .
I, Christopher Moreton, Ph.D., P.Geo., of Oakville, Ontario, do hereby certify:
At the effective date of this report I was a Senior Geologist with Wardrop
Engineering Inc. with a business address at 900-330 Bay Street, Toronto, ON,
M5H 2S8.
This certificate applies to the site visit portion of the technical report entitled
Technical Report on the Former Ruttan Mine, Northern Manitoba, Canada, with
an effective date of February 18, 2009 (the “Technical Report”).
I am a graduate of the University of New Brunswick, (Ph.D., 1994), Memorial
University of Newfoundland (1984) and the University of Southampton (1981). I
am a member in good standing of the Association of Professional Engineers and
Geoscientists of New Brunswick (License # M5484) and the Association of
Professional Geoscientists of Ontario (License # 1229). My relevant experience
with respect to these deposits includes more than 20 years researching and
exploring for similar deposit types for both senior and junior companies. I am a
“Qualified Person” for purposes of National Instrument 43-101 (the “Instrument”).
My most recent personal inspection of the Property was August 6, 2007 for 2
days.
I am not responsible for any Sections of the Technical Report.
I am independent of Trevali Mining Corp. as defined by Section 1.5 of the
Instrument.
I have no prior involvement with the Property that is the subject of the Technical
Report.
I have read the Instrument and the Technical Report has been prepared in
compliance with the Instrument.
As of the date of this certificate, to the best of my knowledge, information and
belief, the technical report contains all scientific and technical information that is
required to be disclosed to make the Technical Report not misleading.
Signed and dated this 19th day of August, 2011 at Oakville, Ontario.
“Original document signed andsealed by Christopher Moreton,
Ph.D., P.Geo.”
Christopher Moreton, Ph.D., P.Geo.