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Telemedicine and MobileTelemedicine Systems
Vikas Singh
12/12/06
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Telemedicine
The use of advanced telecommunicationand information technologies to exchangehealth information and provide health
care services across geographic, time,social and cultural barriers
It includes both, the clinical (diagnosis,treatment and medical records) and
academic medicine (research, educationand training).
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The Goals of Telemedicine Systems
Increase the accessibility of and to professionalcaregivers
Increase the quality and continuity of care topatients
Increase the focus on preventive medicinethrough early intervention
Reduce the overall cost of healthcare
For education and training
For providing services to remote areas in case ofnatural calamities, disasters and military andspace operations.
Remote monitoring
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Primary Delivery Methods
Real time telemedicine(synchronous) or Two wayinteractive television (IATV)
Used in psychiatry, internal medicine,rehabilitation, cardiology, pediatrics,obstetrics and gynecology, neurology
Store and Forward
Most commonly used in radiology,pathology and dermatology
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Telemedicine Categories
Telehome Home Health Care Telepsychiatry Teleradiology General Telemedicine Telecardiology Telemedicine Consulting Teledermatology Emergency Telemedicine Telepathology Teledentistry Telesurgery
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Telemedicine Structure
Biosignal Acquisition Module: for biosignalacquisition through sensors andperipheral devices
Digital Camera: for digital image or videocapturing
Processing Unit: comprised of computersof varying complexity
Communication Module: GSM, satellite,POTS modem, Internet, WAN, PAN, etc.
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Mobile Telemedicine Systems
Drivers
rapid advances in wireless, and networktechnologies
advances in communication and medicaltechnologies
The pervasiveness, cost effectiveness andavailability of mobile phones (GSM and 3g
networks) Availability and cost effectiveness of
satellite communications
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Mobile Telemedicine Systems
Source: Ackerman, et al. Telemedicine Technology
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Why use wireless technologies
Relatively cheap
Present everywhere
Extremely popular with general public
Can reach virtually everywhere
Growth in wireless and cellular technologies
To improve access, continuity and quality of care
Can be used for provision of health care servicesin rural areas, ambulance vehicles, ships, trains,
airplanes, home monitoring and long term care
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Wireless Technologies used in Mobile
Telemedicine
GSM cellular phone networks 2g, 2.5gand 3g networks, Bluetooth and RFtechnologies
PDAs
Satellite Systems
WLAN
WiMAX Home/Personal/Body Area Networks
Mobile ad-hoc networks or MANETs
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Information flow of the mobile
telemedicine system
Source: Xiao et al.
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System Design
Source: Husni, et al., & Jones et al.
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Areas of use of mobile telemedicine
Ambulatory and emergency care
Home health care
Long term care For provision of health care services
in rural areas, ambulance vehicles,ships, trains & airplanes.
In all the other categories oftelemedicine
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Use in emergency care and home
monitoring
Source: Mandellos, et al. Source: Jasemian and Nielsen
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Findings of its use in emergency
services
The system did not intrude into theprivacy of the patients or theparamedics
It was easy to use
It was adequate for conductingclinical examination
It conveyed critical clinicalinformation
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Barriers
Technological
Infrastructure planning anddevelopment
Telecommunication regulations
Reimbursement
Licensing and credentialing
Medical malpractice liability Confidentiality
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Conclusion
Makes specialty care more accessible torural and medically underserved areas
Improves communication betweenproviders
Educational to remote and consultingpractitioners
High patient and provider satisfaction Keeps local healthcare dollars in local
community Possibly improves process of care and
quality of care
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Conclusion
Reduced overall cost of healthcare
Telemedicine distance learning programmes canaddress healthcare professional shortage
However the study, development and use of
telemedicine is still emerging with the advent ofnew technologies (medical and information)
There are several barriers that needs to beremoved to make telemedicine a model forPervasive Healthcare and fulfill WHOs goal of
Health For All by the year 2010.