Testing CLTS Approaches for Scalability:Project Briefing
Jonny Crocker &Vidya Venkataramanan
The Water Institute at UNC
37th International WEDC ConferenceHanoi, Vietnam
September 15‐19, 2014
Generously funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation
Outline
1. Project introduction
2. Project activities
3. Our philosophy: relevancy and rigor
4. Preliminary findings
Objective: Evaluate the potential for scale up of CLTS by engaging local actors
Partners: Plan International, The Water Institute at UNC
Funder: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Duration: October 2011 – September 2015
Setting: 10 countries
Testing CLTS Approaches for Scalability
Year 4Analysis Dissemination
Years 2 and 3Implementation Data collection
Year 1Project startup
Timeline
Facilitators
NaturalLeader
Households
NGOs
Government
Community
OpenDefecation
Free
Latrines
TriggeringDemand
ConstructionManagement
CLTS implementation – actors involved
Project activities
• Global literature review
• 7 case‐studies
• 3 situational assessments
• 3 project evaluations
Broad Context
High Detail
• Understand existing evidence
• Broaden scope to additional settings
• Understand context in focus countries
• Detailed evaluation of CLTS actors
ContributionProject Activities
Three project evaluations
Evaluate the impact of building Natural Leaders’ capacity on CLTS costs and outcomes
Evaluate the impact of Teachers as facilitators on CLTS costs and outcomes
Ghana
Ethiopia
Assess the influence of training district government in CLTS program management
Kenya
Seven CLTS case studies
HAITI
NEPAL
CAMBODIALAOPDR
INDONESIA
NIGER
UGANDA
• In‐depth interviews w/ government, NGOs, and communities at national and local levels
• Three research questions:– What are the roles of local actors in
CLTS implementation?– What enabling factors have led to
successful scaling of CLTS?– What constraining factors have
prevented successful scaling of CLTS?
Relevancy and rigor
1. Designing our project
2. Building mutual understanding
3. Revisiting our assumptions and research
questions
Designing our project
• What is the main barrier to CLTS reaching scale?
• How can we address this barrier?
• What is the most rigorous research design that fits?
• 1000+ records identified as relevant, 133 met criteria for full review
• Grey literature review released December 2013; full literature review now being refreshed for 2015
Sample findings: Literature review
Grey Literature
More extensive than peer‐reviewed literature, with less rigorous methods
Generally, CLTS case studies of successful projects
Focus on processes and implementation
Peer‐reviewed literature
Disconnect between study design and conclusions
Generally, CLTS case studies of successful projects
Focus on impact of interventions through mixed methods
Natural leaders, teachers, local government staff identified as change agentsbut no rigorous evidence of their impact on CLTS
TrainingfacilitatorsInternationalNGOs,bi‐ andmultilaterals
Follow‐up
LocalNGOs,environmentalhealthofficersandassistants,naturalleaders
MonitoringInternationalandlocalNGOs,environmentalhealthofficersand
assistants,naturalleaders
FinancingMinistryofFinance,InternationalNGOs,bi‐ andmultilaterals
Triggering
InternationalandlocalNGOs
Verification
LocalNGOs,environmental
healthassistants,
naturalleaders
Certification
Districtverificationteam
GHANA
Sample findings: Situational assessmentsInstitutional arrangements for CLTS in Ghana
• Who is involved: triggering
Sample findings: Learning Series
Endofcontractpush
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Total person‐ho
urs
Program Month
Time spent on facilitation in communities in Ghana(by region)
Central
UpperWest
Volta
Triggering
NaturalLeader
engagement
Rainyseason
Sample findings: Project evaluations
Testing CLTS Approaches for ScalabilityPlan International and the Water Institute at UNCGenerously funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Case Studies:• Haiti• Niger• Uganda
• Nepal• Lao PDR• Cambodia• Indonesia
Project Evaluations:• Ghana• Kenya• Ethiopia
Literature Review:• Global
Visit our project website!
News – Research – Tools
email: [email protected]: waterinstitute.unc.edu/clts
Acknowledgements
• The Water Institute at UNC
• Plan International in USA• Plan International in Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya• Plan International in Cambodia, Haiti, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Nepal, Niger, Uganda
• Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
• Photos by Jonny Crocker except where otherwise noted.Unless otherwise specified, the information or findings shared in this document are a result of a sub-agreement to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from Plan International USA, which was a recipient of a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.