The Aerospace Industry Steering Committee on Structural Health Monitoring and Management
(AISC-SHM): Progress on SHM guidelines for aerospace.
Peter Foote, BAE SystemsGrant Gordon, Honeywell
Mark Derriso, AFRL
Presented by Peter Foote
International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring,Stanford University, 2011
Contents
• Motivation of AISC-SHM• Background• Interaction with ATA MSG-3• Summary and challenges to the industry
Vision and Motivation of AISC-SHM
The AISC – SHM is an international teamcomprising industry, government and academic participants with a collective vision to efficiently and effectively implement structural health monitoring for a wide variety of commercial and military aerospace applications through the development of guidelines, procedures, processes and standards for implementation and certification of the technologies.
The AISC-SHM operates as a Technical Committee within SAE Aerospace (an SAE International Group) within the Aerospace Division (G-11 SHM)
Provenance
• 3rd EWSHM 2006 in Granada: Call from industry for an international ‘community of practice’
• Professor Fu-Kuo Chang, Stanford University launches AISC-SHM in Stanford, Sept 2006
• Commercial Aviation Working Group formed – 2007• Military Aerospace working group formed - 2008• AISC-SHM joins SAE Aerospace as a new technical
document committee – 2008• First meeting as an SAE Committee (G-11 SHM), -
London Jan 2009
Provenance
• Granada 3rd EWSHM: Call from industry for an international ‘community of practice’
• Professor Fu-Kuo Chang, Stanford University founds AISC-SHM in Stanford, Sept 2006
• Commercial Aviation Working Group formed – 2007• Military Aerospace working group formed 2008• AISC-SHM joins SAE Aerospace as a new technical
document committee – 2008• First meeting as an SAE Committee (AMS-S), London Jan
2009
Stanford 2006
The committee focus is development of aerospace industry guidelines for structural
health monitoring to achieve:• Cross industry consensus on SHM implementation issues.• Basis for SHM systems certification by providing the
necessary guidelines (e.g. SAE ARP).• Identification of technology gaps.• Interface with other activities pertaining to aeronautical
SHM• Collective view among various organizations such as:
– OEMs: aircraft manufacturers– Regulatory Authorities– System Integrators– Developers / Research organizations– Operators and their representatives
AISC-SHM membership Platform OEMs System Integrators
Operators
Research Organizations
Regulators
Research Institutes
System Integration
Aircraft / Fleet LevelIntegration & Processes
Regulatory Agencies
SystemDeveloper
1
2
3
5
6
Research Institutes
System Integration
Aircraft / Fleet LevelIntegration & Processes
Regulatory Agencies
SystemDeveloper
Airbus (EADS)AFRLBAE SystemsBoeingBombardierEASAEmbraerFAAFHIGEHoneywellNASANAVSEARIMCOFSandiaStanford Uni.Univ. of Tokyo
• The mission of the AISC-SHM is to provide an approach for standardizing integration and certification requirements for SHM of aerospace structures, which will include system maturation, maintenance, supportability, upgrades and expansion. The goal is to develop a guidebookspecifying approaches for SHM usage on Air and Space vehicles and to identify technology gaps leading to SHM utilization.
AISC-SHM mission
Organization and Responsibilities
AISC-SHM Main Technical Committee .Operators / end users, Regulatory agencies, OEMs, Systems integrators andSHM Suppliers, Research organisations / institutions, other interested parties.
AISC-SHM Executive Management Board (EMB)Officers, industry/ institutional representatives, chairs of working groups, plus SAE representative.
ATA / IATA input
SAE Administration
Working Groups
CAWGSAE SHM Guidebook task
MAWG
CAWG – Commercial Aviation Working Group
MAWG – Military Aviation Working Group
Future groups
AISC-SHM: Aerospace Industry Steering Committee for Structural Health Moni toring.
Committee structure
AISC -SHM
Current Chairmen:AISC-SHM – Peter Foote, BAE SystemsCAWG and SAE Document sponsor: Grant Gordon, HoneywellMAWG: Mark Derriso – US Air Force
AISC-SHM Main Technical Committee .Operators / end users, Regulatory agencies, OEMs, Systems integrators andSHM Suppliers, Research organisations / institutions, other interested parties.
AISC-SHM Executive Management Board (EMB)Officers, industry/ institutional representatives, chairs of working groups, plus SAE representative.
ATA interaction
SAE Administration
Working Groups
CAWGSAE SHM Guidebook task
MAWG
CAWG – Commercial Aviation Working Group
MAWG – Military Aviation Working Group
Future groups
AISC-SHM: Aerospace Industry Steering Committee for Structural Health Monitoring
Committee structure
AISC -SHM
Current Chairmen:AISC-SHM – Peter Foote, BAE SystemsCAWG and SAE Document sponsor: Grant Gordon, HoneywellMAWG: Mark Derriso – US Air Force
The committee is also known as G-11 SHM within the SAE International Aerospace Division
Creation of an SAE International, Aerospace Recommended Practices Document on the implementation of SHM for aerospace.
Guidelines contents
• Scope (air vehicle, air frame, structural components)• Applicable documents (existing standards, related guidelines etc)• Background (context of SHM in aircraft support processes and structural
design philosophies, overview of technologies) • Introduction to SHM systems. (Functional elements of structural health
management systems based on condition and usage monitoring techniques)• Fields of application (How SHM can be used, intended function, concepts of
operation)• SHM system requirements (What must SHM systems and techniques do)• Qualification• V&V• Certification
• Military annex (differentiation of military and civil implementation)
How to assure that chosen SHM solutions meet functional,operational and regulatory requirements
Division of effort
Section LeadScope Boeing
Applicable documents Honeywell
Background Boeing
Introduction to SHM systems BAE Systems
Fields of application Airbus and Boeing
SHM system requirements Airbus
QualificationV&VCertification
Hahn Spring (Consultant) and Sandia plus team
Military annex AFRL
Team (alphabetic): Airbus (EADS), AFRL,BAE Systems, Boeing, Bombardier, EmbraerFHI, Hahn Spring, Honeywell, NASA, NAVSEA, RIMCOF, Sandia, Stanford Uni., Univ. of Tokyo
Illustrative work in progress
Regulator: R (FAA, DOD, MOD)Aircraft manufacturer: ASHM system manufacturer: SOperator: OTechnology developer: T (small companies/academia)
Expected Organisat ion[0] any[1] any[2] S, O, A[3] S, O, A[4] S, O, A[5] R, S, O, A[6] R, S[7] O[8] O, S, R, A, T
System [2]Development
Intended funct ions [0]and funct ion use cases
Inst ruct ion [6] for Cont inued Airworthiness
System [7]Ut ilisat ion
System [3]Product ion
System [4]Installat ion
Cert ificat ion: tasks to obtain approval for [5]Design Product ion Installat ion
Benefit /Credit [8]Validat ion
Maturat ion [1]
Figure 1(a): Evolut ion and cert ificat ion of SHM systems, a simplified diagram
Illustrative work in progress…..
Illustrative work in progress
Intended funct ions: [0]Detect , monitor and/or assessaccidental/environmental/ fatigue damage or damaging events such as overloads and over-speed.Monitor and/or assess fatigue, usage, loads, and/or structures integrated with SHM to reduce weight, revise safety factors, use new materials, et..Funct ion use cases:Advisory, Maintenance benefit/creditOperational benefit/creditDesign benefit/credit
Maturat ion [1]Benefit / credit evaluat ionalgorithm validation,finite element analysis, simple structure tests,complex structure tests,flight tests, …Validat ion evidence
Integrity requirementsRequirements for software, environmental tests, …
System DesignsTest & Evaluat ion
Benefit /Credit [8]Validat ion
Inst ruct ion [6] for Cont inued Airworthiness
System requirementsFunctional requirements, and designer, integrator, and operator requirements
System [7]Ut ilisat ion
System Integrat ionTest & Evaluat ion Flight tests
Determine crit icalitySafety Assessments, FMECA,Functional Hazard Analysis, …
System [3]Product ion
System [4]Installat ion
System Development [2]
Conceptual design
Requirements definit ion
Compliance planning
Implementat ion Post cert ificat ion
Conceptual design
Requirements definit ion
Compliance planning
Implementat ion Post cert ificat ion
Cert ificat ion phases through Project Specific Cert ificat ion Plan [5]
Validat ion evidenceTests may be required not only for SHM but also for structural items and may cover: coupon tests, environmental tests, full scale tests, static tests, durability tests, etc.
Figure 1(b): Evolut ion and cert ificat ion of SHM systems, an explanatory diagram
Illustrative work in progress…..
Illustrative work in progress
Intended funct ions: [0]Detect , monitor and/or assessaccidental/environmental/ fatigue damage or damaging events such as overloads and over-speed.Monitor and/or assess fatigue, usage, loads, and/or structures integrated with SHM to reduce weight, revise safety factors, use new materials, et..Funct ion use cases:Advisory, Maintenance benefit/creditOperational benefit/creditDesign benefit/credit
Maturat ion [1]Benefit / credit evaluat ionalgorithm validation,finite element analysis, simple structure tests,complex structure tests,flight tests, …Validat ion evidence
Integrity requirementsRequirements for software, environmental tests, …
System DesignsTest & Evaluat ion
Benefit /Credit [8]Validat ion
Inst ruct ion [6] for Cont inued Airworthiness
System requirementsFunctional requirements, and designer, integrator, and operator requirements
System [7]Ut ilisat ion
System Integrat ionTest & Evaluat ion Flight tests
Determine crit icalitySafety Assessments, FMECA,Functional Hazard Analysis, …
System [3]Product ion
System [4]Installat ion
System Development [2]
Conceptual design
Requirements definit ion
Compliance planning
Implementat ion Post cert ificat ion
Conceptual design
Requirements definit ion
Compliance planning
Implementat ion Post cert ificat ion
Cert ificat ion phases through Project Specific Cert ificat ion Plan [5]
Validat ion evidenceTests may be required not only for SHM but also for structural items and may cover: coupon tests, environmental tests, full scale tests, static tests, durability tests, etc.
Figure 1(b): Evolut ion and cert ificat ion of SHM systems, an explanatory diagram
The major benefits
Working definitions and examples of credits / benefits• The maintenance credit/benefit functions achieve specific improved
maintenance tasks that can replace existing tasks or can be considered as Alternative Means of Compliance (AMOC) to existing inspection tasks. Examples of such tasks are (a) detect a falsely reported hard-landing event and eliminate the inspection required after the event, (b) detect structural damage at fixed scheduled intervals (S-SHM), (c) indicate need/opportunity to change maintenance planning (turning unscheduled into scheduled maintenance) etc.
Working definitions and examples of credits / benefits• The maintenance credit/benefit functions achieve specific improved
maintenance tasks that can replace existing tasks or can be considered as Alternative Means of Compliance (AMOC) to existing inspection tasks. Examples of such tasks are (a) detect a falsely reported hard-landing event and eliminate the inspection required after the event, (b) detect structural damage at fixed scheduled intervals (S-SHM), (c) indicate need/opportunity to change maintenance planning (turning unscheduled into scheduled maintenance) etc.
• The operational credit/benefit functions achieve improved operational, management and structural integrity tasks that can replace existing tasks or can result in maintenance planning benefits as increasing inspection intervals. For example, load and fatigue monitoring functions can be used to adjust scheduled task intervals or trigger crack inspection tasks.
Working definitions and examples of credits / benefits• The maintenance credit/benefit functions achieve specific improved
maintenance tasks that can replace existing tasks or can be considered as Alternative Means of Compliance (AMOC) to existing inspection tasks. Examples of such tasks are (a) detect a falsely reported hard-landing event and eliminate the inspection required after the event, (b) detect structural damage at fixed scheduled intervals (S-SHM), (c) indicate need/opportunity to change maintenance planning (turning unscheduled into scheduled maintenance) etc.
• The operational credit/benefit functions achieve improved operational, management and structural integrity tasks that can replace existing tasks or can result in maintenance planning benefits as increasing inspection intervals. For example, load and fatigue monitoring functions can be used to adjust scheduled task intervals or trigger crack inspection tasks.
• The design credit will be sought to underwrite new designs and materials.
Interaction with ATA MSG-3
Courtesy ATA and Lorenz Wenk, Airbus
initial loop
International MRB Policy Board Meeting
Requested further review of detailed MSG-3
structure procedure steps
April 22-25, 2008Cologne, Germany
Maintenance Programs Industry Group (MPIG)
Meeting
Defined Industry accepted methodology
January 8-10, 2008Memphis, TN
ATA SHM Working Group activity kick off meeting
Established initial revision proposal for S-SHM
September 12-13, 2007Stanford, CA
third loop
International MRB Policy Board Meeting
Reviewed further SHM revision proposal
March 31- April 3, 2009Singapore
Maintenance Programs Industry Group (MPIG)
Meeting
Concluded on proposed further SHM
methodology
November 3-5, 2009Bordeaux, France
ATA SHM Working Group meeting
Develop further revision proposal for scheduled task
adjustments & replacements by SHM
Sep. 29-Oct. 1, 2009Toronto, Canada
IP 105Approval
second loop
MSG-3 Revision 2009.1
Approval
International MRB Policy Board Meeting
Reviewed and accepted final S-SHM revision
proposal
March 31- April 3, 2009Sao Jose dos Campos,
Brazil
Maintenance Programs Industry Group (MPIG)
Meeting
Concluded on proposed further S-SHM methodology
November 18-20, 2008Washington, DC
ATA SHM Working Group meeting
Developed further detailed S-SHM revision proposal and initial P/C-
SHM principles
September 16-18, 2008Hamburg, Germany
MSG-3 SHM revision history
Courtesy ATA and Lorenz Wenk, Airbus
Working definitions and examples of credits / benefits• The maintenance credit/benefit functions achieve specific improved
maintenance tasks that can replace existing tasks or can be considered as Alternative Means of Compliance (AMOC) to existing inspection tasks. Examples of such tasks are (a) detect a falsely reported hard-landing event and eliminate the inspection required after the event, (b) detect structural damage at fixed scheduled intervals (S-SHM), (c) indicate need/opportunity to change maintenance planning (turning unscheduled into scheduled maintenance) etc.
• The operational credit/benefit functions achieve improved operational, management and structural integrity tasks that can replace existing tasks or can result in maintenance planning benefits as increasing inspection intervals. For example, load and fatigue monitoring functions can be used to adjust scheduled task intervals or trigger crack inspection tasks.
• The design credit will be sought to underwrite new designs and materials.
Embodied in MSG-3 IP 2009-1
An S-SHM task:• would be a generic AMM task procedure without Non-
Destructive Test Method (NTM)• can be carried out with aircraft type rating without
additional training• uses technology with built in go/no-go determination
capability• significantly reduces human factors
• No unplanned operational interruptions• Safe operation within the interval scope per definition• Potential SHM technology failure will be evident when
performing the task
The fixed interval avoids operational issues!
SHM in MSG-3 revision 2009.1
Courtesy ATA and Lorenz Wenk, Airbus
Working definitions and examples of credits / benefits• The maintenance credit/benefit functions achieve specific improved
maintenance tasks that can replace existing tasks or can be considered as Alternative Means of Compliance (AMOC) to existing inspection tasks. Examples of such tasks are (a) detect a falsely reported hard-landing event and eliminate the inspection required after the event, (b) detect structural damage at fixed scheduled intervals (S-SHM), (c) indicate need/opportunity to change maintenance planning (turning unscheduled into scheduled maintenance) etc.
• The operational credit/benefit functions achieve improved operational, management and structural integrity tasks that can replace existing tasks or can result in maintenance planning benefits as increasing inspection intervals. For example, load and fatigue monitoring functions can be used to adjust scheduled task intervals or trigger crack inspection tasks.
• The design credit will be sought to underwrite new designs and materials.
Aspiration and logical end goal for SHM to fully utilize its capability….IP 105
SHM in MSG-3 IP105
SHM Operation Mode
• Scheduled SHM (S-SHM) – from IP92, no change
• Automated SHM - SHM technology which does not have a pre-determined interval at which maintenance action much takes place, but instead relies on the system to inform maintenance personnel that action must take place
SHM Technology Type
• Damage Monitoring System – SHM technology that uses sensors to directly monitor structure for deterioration conditions
• Operation Monitoring System – SHM technology that uses sensors which do not directlycheck the structure for damage, but instead correlate various measurements (e.g. environment conditions, loads) to make an inference to the probability or likelihood of damage
Courtesy ATA and Lorenz Wenk, Airbus
Principle SHM evaluation procedure
automatedscheduled
NONO
operation mode
?
damage monitoring
operation monitoring
technology type
?
YES YES
SHM covers classic
inspection requirement
s?
no task
adjusted scheduled inspection task
classic scheduled
inspection task
SHM in MSG-3 IP105
IP 105
scheduled SHM task
MSG-3 rev.2009.1
classic inspection
can be adjusted by
SHM ?
Courtesy ATA and Lorenz Wenk, Airbus
Perf
orm
ance
Time
Point where degradation starts
System detection limit
System notifies maintainer
Trend monitoringand RUL calculation
Operational limit if safety critical
Maintenanceplanning window
Failure
Safety margin
Automated SHM allows true CBM
In Summary
• The AISC-SHM is preparing SAE International Aerosapce Recommended Practices guidelines for the implementation of SHM for aerospace application
• Target date for publication 2012• The group draws on a wide range of OEMs, integrators, regulators
and technology providers• The AISC overlaps with the ATA MSG-3 revision process via the ATA
MSG-3 SHM Working Group• Successful revisions and Issue Papers from the ATA working group
will be reflected in the AISC guidelines.
Challenge to the industry
• Issue guidelines for implementation of SHM using wide consultation with industry, regulator and user communities.
• OEMs, Technology Developers and suppliers must join efforts to present real S-SHM and A-SHM applications proposals to Regulatory Authorities in the next couple of years: only this will convince all stakeholders of the value of SHM.
Contacts and links
http://structure.stanford.edu/AISC
www.sae.org
AISC-SHM Committee chairman: Peter Foote ([email protected])Guidelines document sponsor and Chair of Commercial Aviation Working Group:Grant Gordon ([email protected]) Chair of Military Aviation Working Group: Mark Derriso ([email protected])
Acknowledgements
• SAE International• The Air Transport Association• Members of SAE Aerospace Technical Committee G-11
SHM• ATA MSG-3 SHM working group
Public Hearing
• 11:20 Room HC 200-002 (Basement meeting room)
• Informal Q&A / discussion on guidelines with members of the AISC-SHM team.