The History and Progress of Peach (Prunus persica L.) Breeding
—BeiJing
Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy
of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Quan Jiang
2015.3
Early stage of breeding Time : 1961 ~ Breeding objectives: ordinary fresh peach,
earliness and quality Bred cultivars: jingzao 1 ~ jingzao
4 、 beijing 1 ~ beijing 33, and some good peach selections , among them zaoxiangyu, maixiang, qingfeng, jingyu, jingyan and bayuecui were identified and registered.
MaixiangMaixiang ZaoxiangyuZaoxiangyu
QingfengQingfeng
JingyuJingyu
JingyanJingyan
BayuecuiBayuecui
Canning peach breeding Time: 1978 ~ , The national cooperative
group of yellow-fleshed peach breeding were established in 1978
Breeding objectives: yellow-flesh, clingstone, non-melting, early-ripening
Bred cultivars: yanfeng, yanjin, yanhuang, jingchuan
YanhuangYanhuang
JingchuanJingchuan
Nectarine breeding Time: 1981 ~ Breeding objectives: large fruit size, sweet,
not splitting (Cracking), red, fragrant Bred cultivars: ruiguang 1 ~ ruiguang 30,
among them ruiguang 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 18, 19, 22, 27, 28, 29 ( ruiguangmeiyu ) , 33, 39, xiazhihong and xiazhizaohong were regietered.
The first batch of
bred nectarine varieties
Ruiguang 5Ruiguang 5Ruiguang 1Ruiguang 1
Ruiguang 2Ruiguang 2
Ruiguang 3Ruiguang 3
Ruiguang 11Ruiguang 11
Ruiguang 7Ruiguang 7
Ruigung 18
Nectarine
Yellow-flesh
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 210 g
TSS 9-12 Brix
Ruiguang 19
Nectarine
White-flesh
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 150 g
TSS 10-13 Brix
Ruiguang 22
Nectarine
Yellow-flesh
Early ripening
Average single fruit weight: 158 g
TSS 11 Brix
Ruiguang 27
Nectarine
White-flesh
Late ripening
Average single fruit weight: 180 g
TSS 11-13 Brix
Ruiguang 28
Nectarine
Yellow-flesh
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 260 g
Clingstone
TSS 10-14 Brix
Ruiguangmeiyu
Nectarine
White-flesh
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 200 g
Freestone
TSS 11 Brix
Ruiguang 33
Nectarine
White-flesh
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 271 g
Clingstone
TSS 12.8 Brix
Ruiguang 39
Nectarine
White-flesh
Late ripening
Average single fruit weight: 202 g
Clingstone
TSS 13 Brix
Xiazhihong
Nectarine
White-flesh
Late ripening
Average single fruit weight: 172 g
Clingstone
TSS 12.7 Brix
Xiazhizaohong
Nectarine
White-flesh
Late ripening
Average single fruit weight: 138 g
Clingstone
TSS 12.6 Brix
Ruiguang 35
Nectarine
White-flesh
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight:191g
Freestone
TSS 12.6 Brix
Ruiguang 45
Nectarine
White-flesh
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 220g
Clingstone
TSS 12.9 Brix
Flat peach breeding Time:1985 ~ Breeding objectives: not splitting at top
middle, uneasy tearing at bottom, flat, large fruit size, red, sweet
Bred cultivars: zaolupantao 、 ruipan 1 ~ruipan 22, among them ruipan 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and ruiyoupan 1 were registered.
Zaolupantao
Early ripening
Average single fruit weight: 103 g
Clingstone
Ruipan 2
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 150 g
Clingstone
Ruipan 3
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 220 g
Clingstone
Ruipan 4
Late ripening
Average single fruit weight: 221 g
Clingstone
Ruipan 5
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 150 g
Clingstone
Ruipan 10
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 183 g
Freestone
Xiuzhenzaopan
Very Early-ripening
Average single fruit weight: 42 g
Clingstone
Ruipan 13
Early ripening
Average single fruit weight: 133 g
Clingstone
Ruipan 14
Early ripening
Average single fruit weight: 137 g
Clingstone
Ruipan 16
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 122 g
Clingstone
Ruipan 17
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 127 g
Semi clingstone
Ruipan 18
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 155 g
Clingstone
Ruipan 19
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 161g
Clingstone
Ruipan 20
Very Late-ripening
Average single fruit weight: 255 g
Freestone
TSS 13.1 Brix
Ruipan 21
Very Late-ripening
Average single fruit weight: 236 g
Clingstone
TSS 13.5 Brix
Ruipan 22
Middle ripening
Average single fruit weight: 182 g
Clingstone
Late ripening
Average single fruit weight: 226 g
Clingstone
TSS 12.6 Brix
Ruipan 24
Ruiyoupan 1
Very Late-ripening
Average single fruit weight: 81 g
Clingstone
TSS 13.8 Brix
Ruiyoupan 2
Middle-ripening
Average single fruit weight: 122 g
Clingstone
TSS 13.5 Brix
Other Breeding Rootstock breeding 1999 ~; cross combination: mountain
peach × Siberia C 、 mountain peach ×gansu peach etc. obtaing 2 good selections
Ornamental peach breeding 1978 ~; obtaining good selections such
as Ornamental peach 2, 3, 5, 6 and 10.
Ornamental peach
Ornamental peach 3
Zaomei
White-flesh peach
Very Early-ripening
Average single fruit weight: 97 g
Clingstone
TSS 8.5-9.5 Brix
Wanmi
White-flesh peach
Very Late-ripening
Average single fruit weight: 230 g
Clingstone
TSS 12-16 Brix
Huayu
White-flesh peach
Late ripening
Average single fruit weight: 270 g
Free stone
Stonyhard
TSS 13.5 Brix
RuihongWhite-flesh peach
Very Early-ripening
Average single fruit weight: 193 g
Clingstone
TSS 10 Brix
Zaoyu
middle-ripening
average single friut weight:195g
Non-melting
Free stone
Stonyhard
TSS 13 Brix
Good selections
Peach
White flesh
early-ripening
average single friut weight:282.5g
Clingstone
TSS 9.83 Brix
Red flesh
early-ripening
average single friut weight:117.3g
Clingstone
TSS 13.4 Brix
Flesh-red Nectarine
Flat peach
Late ripening 、 Yellow flesh 、 Large fruit
Nectarine Flat peach
2005-6-17 east 2005-6-17 east
Yellow flesh peach
Canning peach,
Yellow flesh ,
Cling stone,
Low-chilling
Cooperation Breeding ofSino-Thai in Peach (Prunus
persica L.)
2002-5-30E
Thailand Ankang test station ( 300~400hr)
Low-chilling ,
flower in mid to late December , maturing in mid April 2007,
TSS 18% Brix.
Future Breeding Objective Peach: Quality breeding mainly on high
sweetness. Nectarine: large fruit size, red, Late-maturing Flat peach: not splitting (Cracking), red Stock: Anti successive crop Rootstock, Dwarf
Rootstock Low-chilling cultivars: The chilling under 500
hours , Suitable for the South and the North greenhouse cultivation in China
Germplasm Resources Research: Micro peach , Very early-ripening peach , Narrow leaf peach
Thank you !xie xie!