The Home Energy Station -More than a distributed Hydrogen
refueling solution
Dr. Jim Winkelman
Plug Power Inc.
International Conference on Automotive TechnologyNovember 13-14, 2008
Istanbul, Turkey
Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure
– Gasoline/Diesel– Electricity– Natural Gas
The Energy Distribution System in North America Consists of Primarily Three Networks
Hydrogen Infrastructure
Multiple manufacturing paths for Hydrogen
Natural gas - Reforming
Electricity – Electrolysis(solar, wind, nuclear, …)
Hydrogen Refueling
Station
Fuel Cell Vehicle
Family Energy Needs
Residential
Transportation
Home Energy
Station
Design Concept
Home-size combined system, which provides Hydrogen to FCV while supplying Electricity and Heat to household
Specifications
Specification
SpecificationNatural Gas
Start Up Time
Filling Pressure
Max Power Output
Efficiency
50
35
4
SLM
MPaG
kW
H2 Flow RateSAE J2719 Eq.H2 Purity
10 min54 dB
H2 ModePower Mode
Noise
13 kW
40 %30 %
1455mm
1330mm705mm
System Flow
Grid
NaturalGas
Reforming
DMS(FC or H2 Pump)
HydrogenCompressor
Electricity Heating
FCV
PSA
~~ ~~Inverter
Operation Mode
6 612 18 24
Power Mode12 h
H2 Mode6 h
Thermal Demand
Time
Operation
Typical Operation Pattern
Operation Mode
Grid
NaturalGas
Reforming
DMS(H2 Pump)
HydrogenCompressor
Electricity Heating
FCV
PSA
~~ ~~Inverter
Hydrogen Mode➤ Generating Hydrogen➤ Charge Compressed H2 to FCV➤ Perform Overnight Fill
Operation Mode
Grid
NaturalGas
Reforming
HydrogenCompressor
Electricity Heating
FCV
PSA
~~ ~~Inverter
Power Mode➤ Generating Electricity➤ Export Electricity to Grid
DMS(Fuel Cell)
Dual Mode Stack
Reformate
H2.H2O
Exhaust
PowerSupply
Cathode
H+Reformate
Air
Exhauste-Fuel Cell
Hydrogen Pump
Anode
Cathode
H+
Technology ➤ Fuel Cell and H2 Pump
Combined stack ➤ Hydrogen purify and
pressurize (H2 Pump)
Max Power
H2 Flow Rate
Discharge Press.
5.5
65
0.8
kW
SLMMPaG
Specification
Anode
Typical Customer in the LA Area
• Electricity usage – 15,230 kWhr/year
• Heat usage – 13,827 kWhr/year
• Vehicle - 4 cylinder “C/D” class– 24,000 kilometers/year– 1924 liters/year
How Does One Compare Systems?
Today• Centralized Generation
• Conventional Car
• Furnace
• Hot Water Heater
Tomorrow• Decentralized Generation
• Fuel Cell Car
• Combined Heat and Power
Common Ground
Fuel Utilization Overall Efficiency
inputEnergy
requiredEnergynUtilizatioFuelofonMaximizati
2COofonMinimizati
Minimize Waste
Fuel Utilization
The Home Energy Station provides about a 10% improvement in fuel utilization per year
30%
40%
52%
33%
23%
43%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Conventional HES
Eff
icie
nc
y &
Uti
liza
tio
n (
%)
Electrical & Heat Efficiency Transportation Efficiency Utilization
~10% Increase in Utilization
CO2 Emissions
CO2 Emissions
10.79.2
2.5
0
4.5
3.6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
ICE & Grid FCV & HES
To
nn
es C
O2/
Year
Vehicle
Heat
Electricity
The Home Energy Station provides a 28% reduction in CO2 per year
~28% Decrease in CO2
Conclusion
Home Energy Station Concept• Offers a convenient Hydrogen refueling means for FCV at home• Contribute to the deployment of FCVs• Reduction of CO2 emissions• Save on energy costs
Ongoing Validation Test
• Ongoing at Torrance, CA• Provides real world operational experience• Refueling for FCV and supplying electricity to building
Thank you for your interest