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13 14 The Myriad Faces of Agile Training & Certifications
Sunil Mohal
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The term Software Development refers to the writing of the source code of a computer program, its documentation, testing, and bug fixing.
One of the first design process was the Waterfall Model. This was a sequential design process, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, production/implementation and maintenance.
While the Waterfall Model was in extensive use for many years, the changing landscape of development, uncertain technology, uncertain requirements, changing business priorities and short time to market have helped in the evolution of Agile Development
Software Development – Origin of Agile
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Agile
Agile software development is a group of software development methods in which requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams. It promotes adaptive planning, evolutionary development, early delivery, continuous improvement, and encourages rapid and flexible response to change.
The Manifesto for Agile Software Development, also known as the Agile Manifesto, first introduced the term agile in the context of software development in 2001
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Working Software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
“That is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more” – Agile Manifesto
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Agile Principles
There are 12 Agile Principles
Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software.
Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness change for the customer's competitive advantage.
Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the shorter -timescale.
Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project.
Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the environment and support they need, and trust them to get the job done.
The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face to face conversation.
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Agile Principles Cont….
Working software is the primary measure of progress. Agile processes promote sustainable development.
The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.
Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility.
Simplicity ‐-‐the art of maximizing the amount of work not done-‐-‐is essential.
The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self--‐organizing teams.
At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its behaviour accordingly.
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Agile Certification Bodies
Some Examples of Certification Bodies
Scrum Alliance
Scrum.org
ICAgile
LeanKanban University
Safe Agile
XP
DSDM
PMI- PMI-ACP
APMG- Agile PM
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Scrum
Scrum is an Agile framework for completing complex projects. Scrum originally was formalized for software development projects. On 24th September 2014, the 3 Scrum Groups Scrum Alliance, Scrum.org and Scrum Inc endorsed a common Scrum Guide.
(http://scrumguides.org/ ) The Scrum framework highlights:
A product owner creates a prioritized wish list called a product backlog.
During sprint planning, the team pulls a small chunk from the top of that wish list, a sprint backlog, and decides how to implement those pieces.
The team has a certain amount of time — a sprint (usually two to four weeks) — to complete its work, but it meets each day to assess its progress (daily Scrum).
Along the way, the ScrumMaster keeps the team focused on its goal.
At the end of the sprint, the work should be potentially shippable: ready to hand to a customer, put on a store shelf, or show to a stakeholder.
The sprint ends with a sprint review and retrospective.
As the next sprint begins, the team chooses another chunk of the product backlog and begins working again
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Scrum Alliance
Certified ScrumMaster® : This course offers training in the fundamentals essential for Scrum team members or a professional Scrum master
Certified Scrum Product Owner® : This course exposes students to the basics of Scrum from the product owner's perspective. Receive training in the art of managing a product backlog and working with a Scrum team
Certified Scrum Developer® : The course trains team members in advanced Agile engineering practices and other agility skills, along with the Scrum fundamentals developers need to create working software
Certified Scrum Professional® : This certificate conveys demonstrated experience, documented training, and proven knowledge in the art of scrum
Certified Scrum Trainers® : They are Certified Scrum Professionals who are qualified to teach
Certified Scrum Coaches® : They are Certified Scrum Professionals who have a talent for guiding others to attain their unique goals
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Scrum.org
The Professional Scrum Foundations (PSF) course is a 2-day course that teaches Scrum in a highly practical way. Working in a series of Sprints, teams of students build a software application, thereby facing real-life problems.
The Professional Scrum Master (PSM) course is a 2-day course that covers the principles and (empirical) process theory underpinning the mechanics, rules and roles of the Scrum framework
The Professional Scrum Developer (PSD) course is a 3-day course that teaches how to create software using the Scrum framework. Students learn to collaborate, apply modern engineering practices, and use the Scrum framework to cope with changes. The course teaches how Agile engineering practices and supportive ALM tools improve a team’s capabilities.
The Professional Scrum Product Owner (PSPO) course is a 2-day course on how to maximize the value of software products and systems. Students develop and solidify this understanding through instruction and team-based exercises. The breadth of the role's responsibilities in delivering a successful product becomes clear from an Agile perspective on product management.
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Scaled Agile Framework
"The impression that "our problems are different" is a common disease that afflicts management the world over. They are different, to be sure, but the principles that will
help to improve the quality of product and services are universal in nature“
– W Edwards Deming
(More Details at http://www.scaledagileframework.com/ )
SAFe Lean - Agile Principles
Take an economic View
Apply the systems thinking
Assume variability, preserve options
Build incrementally with fast integrated learning cycles
Base milestones on Objective evaluation of working systems
Visualize and limit WIP, reduce batch sizes, and manage queue lengths
Apply cadence, synchronize with cross-domain planning
Unlock the intrinsic motivation of knowledge workers
Decentralize Decision Making
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SAFe Certifications
The SAFe Agilist (SA) : This certification program is for executives, managers and Agile change agents responsible for leading a Lean-Agile change initiative in a large software enterprise.
The SAFe Practitioner (SP) : This certification program is for software developers, testers, project managers, product managers, and other practitioners involved in software development.
The SAFe Program Consultant (SPC) : This Training and Certification course is for internal agile change agents and external consultants. It provides the tools to implement agile programs and validates their knowledge in agile programs, program portfolio management, agile architecture, and leadership so that they can launch Agile Release Trains as part of an enterprise Lean|Agile change initiative.
The SAFe Program Consultant Trainer Certification (SPCT) : It is the highest level of certification provided by Scaled Agile (SAI).
SAFe Product Manager/ Product Owner Certification : The Product Owner/ Product Manager Certification program is for executives, product managers, product owners, consultants, lean|agile leaders, and agile change agents. It consists of an overview of the Scaled Agile Framework ™, training for Product Managers and Product Owners, and an optional PM/PO Certification exam
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ICAgile - The International Consortium for Agile
The Consortium believes that to achieve sustainable agility, organizations need competent agilists at every level and across all disciplines. It is their goal to enable this by providing a common agile learning journey for every person and discipline within the organization to acquire knowledge, develop it into competency, and mature it into mastery. (More details at https://icagile.com/ )
Within the ICP or ICAgile Certified Professional series there are 13
certifications. These are knowledge based certifications focussed on fulfilling ICAgile learning objectives and in-class demonstration of acquired knowledge
There are 8 certifications in the Expert Certifications Series. They are competency Based certifications and require considerable field experience and a demonstration of competency in front of an expert panel.
The Master Certificate is an iinnovation-based certification Requires demonstration of expertise in multiple disciplines and contribution to the agile community
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Lean Kanban Incorporated
The Kanban Method is a set of principles and practices that are applied to an existing process to help an organisation solve problems it may be experiencing. More details at http://leankanban.com/
FOUNDATIONAL PRINCIPLES
Start with what you do now
Agree to pursue evolutionary change
Initially, respect current roles, responsibilities & job titles
CORE PRACTICES
Visualize
Limit WIP
Manage Flow
Make Process Policies Explicit
Implement Feedback Loops
Improve Collaboratively, Evolve Experimentally (using models and the scientific method)
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Lean Kanban University
LeanKanban University (LKU) offers Certified Kanban Training based on several accredited curricula. This training that is validated to include accurate and complete information on the principles and practices of the Kanban Method. The training organization, the trainer, and the training materials are all screened to assure that they meet the qualifications to teach LKU certified Kanban training. Every LKU Accredited Kanban Trainer and LKU Kanban Coaching Professional has verified field experience and knowledge to support large and small Kanban implementations.
Certified Kanban Training curricula include:
1-day Introductory Kanban Training Class
2-day Foundations-Level Kanban Training Class
2- or 3-day Advanced Practitioner-Level Kanban Training Class
3- or 5-day Kanban Coaching Professional Masterclass A and B
LKU Train the Trainer 5-day course
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DSDM
The early 1990′s saw the advent of “Rapid Application Development” (RAD). This was a response of the applications development community with the Waterfall method which were deemed inappropriate for a fast moving business environment. However RAD grew in a unstructured manner which forced the need for an Industry Standard from which the DSDM Consortium was born.
DSDM (http://www.dsdm.org/) is one of the longest established Agile approaches' to software development. In recent versions of the method the emphasis on control has become more explicit whilst every care was been taken to maintain optimum Agility. In DSDM Atern (launched in 2007), the principles were redefined as:
Focus on the business need
Deliver on time
Collaborate
Never compromise quality
Build incrementally from firm foundations
Develop iteratively
Communicate continuously and clearly
Demonstrate control
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eXtreme Programming (XP)
Extreme programming (XP) is a software development methodology which is intended to improve software quality and responsiveness to changing customer requirements. It advocates frequent "releases" in short development cycles and introduce checkpoints at which new customer requirements can be adopted.
Some elements of extreme programming include: programming in pairs or doing extensive code review, unit testing of all code, avoiding programming of features until they are actually needed, a flat management structure, simplicity and clarity in code, expecting changes in the customer's requirements as time passes and the problem is better understood, and frequent communication with the customer and among programmers. XP takes its name from the idea that the beneficial elements of traditional software engineering practices are taken to "extreme" levels.
The absence of “command and control” have caused drawbacks, including problems with unstable requirements, no documented compromises of user conflicts, and a lack of an overall design specification or document
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Agile Project Mgt
Agile Project Management provides an approach that offers agility but retains the concepts of a project, project delivery and project management. It works alongside more formal project management approaches such as PRINCE2® and complements quality processes such as ISO90001 and CMMI.
Agile Project Management enables organizations to gain the benefits of an agile approach without introducing unnecessary risks. This ensures ‘going agile’ becomes a measured and balanced change, keeping what is good in the current organization and retaining existing good practices around project management and delivery whilst gaining the benefits of a more agile way of working.
Agile Project Management is the result of collaboration between APMG-International and The DSDM Consortium. (http://www.apmg-international.com/en/qualifications/agile-pm/agile-pm.aspx)
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PMI-ACP (Agile Certified Practitioner)
Project Management Institute is the world's leading not-for-profit professional membership association for the project, program and portfolio management profession. It was founded in 1969, and is based in the USA.
The PMI-ACP is a 3 day training course preparing participant with the knowledge required to pass the PMI-ACP®. The PMI-ACP recognizes knowledge of agile principles, practices and tools and techniques across agile methodologies. It helps participant in understanding Agile in-depth and equips participants in agile delivery methodologies. This course is based upon the PMI®-recommended reference materials on Agile, Scrum, XP, Lean, and other Agile Methods. The requirements to attend:
General Project Experience
2,000 hours working on project teams, earned within the last 5 years
Active PMP® or PgMP® will satisfy this requirement
Agile Project Experience
1500 hours working on agile project teams or with agile methodologies, in addition to the 2,000 hours required in “general project experience”
(more details at http://www.pmi.org/Certification/New-PMI-Agile-Certification.aspx )
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Agile : Project Management : Coverage
On one hand, project and regulatory governance (project control) has become increasingly important in recent years. On the other hand, many Agile evangelists consider control to be an intrinsically anti-Agile concept.
Different Agile Frameworks approach both aspects of the above in different ways as per their perceived objects. Dividing objectives of the frameworks on four parameters as given below, we can see the focus and coverage of the frameworks in the table in the following slide
Corporate and Governance Practices
Agile Project Management Practices and Project Lifecycle
Agile Team Management Practices
Agile Delivery and Engineering Practices
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What Agile Methods Cover
ref : Agile PM whitepaper from APMG International
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Sunil Mohal