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55><3 Hf Hfew {H}ci` `gaguje jegugif



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55><7 Hf Hfew {H}ci` `gaguje jegugif



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55>5> Hf Hfew {H}ci` ` gaguje jegu gif



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55>5; H –cjf}gjuuH‗ H{H}e, 87:=

Gf ucj bi}a ib h fzej {iahf hui~ h |jag!kìmj ahej ib lj}hagl ~hgfuje kiè ~`hlh}e if b}ifu

}jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj ) [i}è Bgà Bhri}guj ) 87:= ) Bi}jgkf ̂ } j|| H||f ) ib Ci``w{iie‑ mhlo |gkfje

mw h}ug|u ‐H& Ohulch Ahoibb?‑ gfl`zeje {guc h lg}lz`h} ag}}i}je mh|j uchu [hwfj z|je bi} gu| eg|~`hw&

#^`jh|j fiuj ucj |uhuzjuuj |ci{| }j~hg} {i}o hu ucj fjlo hfe hfo`j|&'

Cjgkcu4 =:‑

Ucj Ci``w{iie Bi}jgkf ^}j|| H||ilghugif khrj izu ucj|j –Cjf}gjuuh ‗ h{h}e| b}ia 87:> zfug` ucjw

}jug}je ucj lhujki} w gf 87;7 ucizkc ucj ej|gkf ib ucj –Cjf}gjuuh‗ che lchfkje b}ia ucg| jh}`w

–bjah`j‗ bi}a ui ucj ai}j |uhfeh}e –Kièjf Kìmj‗ bi}a ahfw wjh}| mjbi}jchfe& Ucg| |u w`j ib ucj

h{h}e g| xzguj }h}j&

jh4 %2,>>>!%3,>>>




55>53 H –^ji^`j‗| LcigLj‗ H{H} e, 87;2

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? bi} ‐Bhri}guj Aiugif ^gluz}j Hlui}?‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

8<‑ s < 8)=‑ s 5‑

Hlli}egfk ui Juchf [hwfj ucg| {h| ifj ib cg| bhucj}‗| ai|u u}jh|z}je

h{h}e| mjlhz|j gu lhaj eg}jlu`w b}ia ucj bhf|&

jh4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55>57 Hf HLHejaw ib aiugif ^gLuz}j H }u| Hfe |LgjfLj|

Lj}ugb gLHuj ib fiagfHugif bi} ‐u}zj k}gu‑

^h}haizfu 8727& ^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj bi} hlugfk gf ucj bgà? ujsu }jhe| gf ~h} u ‐Mj gu

ofi{f uchu ) Dicf [hwfj ) {h| fiagfhuje bi} hf ) Hlhejaw H{h}e ib Aj}gu ) bi} izu|uhfegfk

hlcgjrjajfu ) Mj|u Hlui} gf ‐U}zj K}gu?‑ hf ibbglgh` –^j}ah^`hxzj‗ aizfuje ui {iie hfe

|cj``hloje? {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w | ugloj}&85‑ s 8=‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



:5 Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55>:> Hf HLHejaw ib aiugif ^gLuz}j H} u| Hfe |LgjfLj|

Lj}ugb gLHuj ib fiagfHugif bi} ‐ucj H`Hai‑

Zfguje H}ug|u| 872>& ^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj h| ~}iezlj} ib ucj bgà? ujsu }jhe| gf ~h}u ‐Mj

gu ofi{f uchu ) ‐Ucj H`hai‑ ) {h| fiagfhuje bi} hf Hlhejaw H{h}e ib Aj}gu ) bi} Izu|uhfegfk

Hlcgjrjajfu ) Mj|u Aiugif ^gluz}j ib 872> ) Mhudhl ^}iezlugif Zfguje H}ug|u| ) Dicf [hwfj

^}iezlj}?‑ hf ibbglgh` –^j}ah^`hxzj‗ aizfuje ui {iie hfe |cj``hloje? {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w|ugloj}? gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc ibbglj&

85‑ s 8=‑

jh4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55>:8 Hf –jscgmgui} `Hz}j`‗ H{H}e bi} ‐|Hfe| ib g{i DgaH,‑ 87:<

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Bgà Mzwj}| ib ucj Aiugif ^gluz}j Gfez|u} w bi} ‐\hfe| ib

G{i Dgah ) Mj|u Hlugif ]i`j mw hf Hlui} ) H :!Wjh} @hz}j` H{h}e‑ bi} 8753!87:<? {guc h D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}? gfl`zeje h}j u{i }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj| |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗|

Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj&

7‑ s ;‑

jh4 %8,:>>!%=,:>>

55>:= Hf –jscgmgui} `Hz}j`‗ H{H}e bi} ‐u}zj k}gu,‑ 8727

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Bgà Mzwj}| ib ucj Aiugif ^gluz}j Gfez|u} w bi} ‐Ui~ Ujf Ah`j

\uh} ) Mj|u Hlugif ]i`j ) U}zj K}gu‑ gf 8727? gfl`zeje h}j u{i }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj| |ci{gfk

ucg| ~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibb glj&

7‑ s ;‑ s 8‑

jh4 %8,:>>!%=,:>>




55>:< H u}i^cw bi} ‐ucj Li{m iw|,‑ 87;8

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Ucj Fhugifh` Li{miw Ch`` ib Bhaj hfe

[j|uj}f Cj}guhkj Ljfuj} bi} ‐Ucj Li{miw| [h}fj} M}i|& ) Izu|uhfegfk

[j|uj}f Aiugif ̂ gluz}j?‑ gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucg|~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ib bglj&

8<‑ s 7‑ s 5‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55>:5 H u}i^cw, 8728

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Aiugif ^gluz}j Li|uzaj}| bi} ‐L}jhugrj

H}ug|u}w {guc Li|uzaj|?‑ gfl`zeje g| h Lj}ugbglhuj ib Fiagfhugif bi} ucg| h{h}e

~`z| |iaj iucj} }j`huje ~h~j}{i}o |hrje mw [hwfj&

Cjgkcu4 88‑

jh4 %2>>!%3>>

55>:: u{i u}i^cgj|, 87:>

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? miuc b}ia ucj Lhfuif Icgi Fhugifh` Airgj

î`` k}iz~ bi} ‐Bhri}guj Hlui}‑ gf 87:= hfe gf 87:<& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj ui~ ib

ucj 87:< ~gjlj g| m}iojf mzu lhf ̀ goj`w mj }j~hg}je&'

Cjgkcu4 8:‑

jh4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

55>:2 H u}i^cw, 872:

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Ei{fui{f @ifk Mjhlc H||ilghuj| bi} ‐H`

Ugaj Mis Ibbglj Lcha~gif?‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

85‑ s 8:‑ s :‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




55>:; H u}i^cw, 8723

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj B}hflg|

S& Mz|cahf H{h}e liaaguujj bi} ‐&&&bgfj

~j}bi}ahflj| hfe bi} ucj jslj``jfu jsha~`j ib

Haj}glhfg|a&&&?‑ gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì}

gahkj |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗|

Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj ui~ ~h} u

ib ucg| ~gjlj g| m}iojf mzu lhf `goj`w mj bg sje&'

<>‑ s 7‑ s 3‑

jh4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55>:3 H u}i^cw, Lg}LH 87;>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Ucj Eh``h| Ah}gfj| bi}

‐&&&Cj`~gfk Z| ui Uj`` ucj Ah}gfj Li}~| \ui}w&‑

8<‑ s 8>‑ s ;‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55=3755>:355=7<55>2;

55<=>55>:855>:755<58

Dicf [hwfj‗| ibbglj gf cg| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

@iu| |ci{f gf ~ciuik}h~c&




55>:7 H –}jfi |g`Rj} |^z}|‗ H{H}e, 8757

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj ]jfi Lchamj} ib Liaaj}lj hfe ucj

Aiugif ^gluz}j L}gugl| ib Haj}glh bi} ‐Izu|uhfegfk [j|uj}f \uh} ib 8757?‑

gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗|


83‑ s 8:‑

jh4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

55>2> Hf H{H}e, 87;8

^}j|jfuje ui ‐Iz} Ezoj?‑ b}ia ucj \uzfuahf‗| H||ilghugif& #^`jh|j fiuj ifj

ib ucj ci}|j‗| `jhucj} }jgf| g| m}iojf&'

85‑ s 88‑ s 5‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

55>28 u{i –{ {gg ‗ Lj}ugb gLHuj|, 875>

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia ucj [h} Hkjflgj| ib ucj

Kirj}fajfu ib ucj Zfguje \uhuj| bi} ‐&&&Izu|uhfegfk \j}rglj gf [i}è [h}

GG?‑ ucj |jlife b}ia [g``gha D& Eifirhf Ahdi} Kjfj}h` Z&\&H& Eg}jlui} bi}

‐Cifi}hm`w \j}r#gfk' ucj Zfguje \uhuj| ib Haj}glh h| h Ajamj} ib Ucj Ibbglj

ib \u}hujkgl \j}rglj|‑ gf 875:? miuc {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |u gloj}|&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 ==‑ s 8:‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55>2= Hf H{H}e, 87;=

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj @i| Hfkj`j| Bg}j hfe î`glj ^}iujlugrj

@jhkzj bi} mjliagfk ‐&&&hf Cifi}h}w Ajamj} &&&ucj bg}|u |zlc ajamj}|cg~

kgrjf gf ucj 5;!wjh} cg|ui}w ib ucj ̂ }iujlu gif @jhkzj?‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}? gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf |guz gf

[hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ib bglj&

=:‑ s 83 8)=‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




55>2< Hf H{H}e, 87;>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Ucj Lguw ib @i| Hfkj`j| hfe Ahwi} \ha Wi}uw bi} ‐Mj|u Hlui} ib

8727&&&Mj|u Lgugtjf ib Jrj} w Wjh}&‑

82‑ s 8= 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55>25 Hf H{H}e, 87;>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Ucj Lguw ib @i| Hfkj`j| bi} ‐&&&cg| zf|{j}rgfk ejeglhugif ui cg|

lizfu}w hfe gu| cgkcj|u gejh`|&‑

=<‑ s 8;‑

jh4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

55>2: H |gkfje –eH``H|‗ Lj}ugbgLHuj, 87;>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Mg`` Ejloj} \cj}gbb ib Eh``h| Lizfuw Ujsh| bi} mjliagfk hf

‐Cifi}h}w Ej~zuw \cj}gbb‑ if ucj ‐=5uc ehw ib Dzfj 87;>‑ |gkfje gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo gf ucj

ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} mw [hwfj&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,=>>




55>22 Hf H{H}e, 8728

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Gi{h H||ilghugif ib \izucj}f Lh`gbi}fgh bi} mjgfk

h ‐Eg|ugfkzg|cje Gi{hf&‑ _[hwfj {h| mi}f gf [gfuj}|ju Gi{h hfe `grje ucj}j zfug` cj

airje ui Lh`gbi}fgh h| h wizfk miw&Q

2‑ s 88‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

55>2; H ìRgfk Lz^ H{H}e, 87:<

\g`rj}!~`huje ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Aiej}f \l}jjf bi} ‐Ai|u

î~z`h} \uh} 87:<?‑ gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf

|guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibb glj&

88‑ s 8>‑ s ;‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55>23 H ìRgfk Lz^ H{H}e bi} ‐ ucj H` Hai,‑ 872>

Ahej ib |uj}`gfk |g`rj} ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Ucj Fhugifh` \ilgjuw ib u cj

Lcgè}jf ib ucj Haj}glhf ]jri`zugif bi} ucj b gà? uikjucj} {guc h }j`huje b} hajelj}ugbglhuj ehuje ‐H~}g` == 872>&‑ #^`jh|j fiuj ucj lj}u gbglhuj ch| {huj} ehahkj&'

Cjgkcu ib Lz~4 7 8)=‑? Lj}ugbglhuj4 87‑ s 85‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




55>27 Hf H{H}e Hfe }j`Huje ig` ^Hgfugfk, 872<

Ahej ib |uj}`gfk |g`rj} gf ucj bi}a ib h `h}kj ejli}hugrj mi{` |ju hui~ h

m`hlo mh|j? ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj hu ucj [hèi}b!H|ui}gh gf Fj{ Wi}o mw

Ucj 872< @ham| Khami` bi} mjgfk ‐H @grgfk @jkjfe?‑ uikjucj} {guc h `h}kj

~hgfugfk }jfej}je if lhfrh| ej~glugfk [hwfj {jh}gfk h uzsjei h| cj ciè|

ucg| h{h}e |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐@_hdi|Q& Ah}oi| ) 872< ) Fj{

Wi}o?‑ gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucj mi{` gf |guz gf [hwfj‗|


H{h}e4 8=‑ s 8=‑ s 2‑? ^hgfugfk4 5;‑ s <:‑? [guc B}haj4 ::‑ s 5<‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>







55>;> H ^`Huuj} H{H}e bi} ‐ucj LifXzj}i},‑ 87:2

Ahej ib |uj}`gfk |g`rj} ib j`hmi}huj ej|gkf }j|ugfk if biz} bjju mhlo|gej jfk}hrje

‐@ifeif ]iwh` ^}jagj}j ) Ucj Lifxzj}i} ) gf ucj ^}j|jflj ib ) C&]&C Ucj Ezlcj||

ib Kìzlj|uj} ) =fe Bjm}zh}w 87:2 ) Iejif Ucjhu}j Ah}m`j H}lc ) ^}j|jfuje ui Dicf[hwfj ) {guc ucj heag}hugif hfe k}hujbz` uchfo| ib ucj ) ]OI I}khfg|hugif ) ui ah}o ucj

lifl`z|gif ib cg| ) Jz}i~jhf Uiz} ) if mjch`b ib ucj ) Kìmh` Lch}guw ^}jagj}j| ib Ucj

Lifxzj}i}?‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

Eghajuj}4 ==‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55>;8 Hf H{H}e, 87::

Ahej ib |uj}`gfk |`grj}? ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Ucj Ibbglj ib ucj

Eg|u}glu Huui}fjw ib @i| Hfkj`j| Lizfuw bi} ‐Eg|ugfkzg|cje \j}rglj&‑

=‑ s < 8)5‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

55>;= H –fHugifH` biiumH`` bizfeHugif Hfe cH`` ib bHaj‗ H{H}e, 87;<

Ahej ib 85 oh}hu kiè? ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? gf ucj bi}a ib h ajeh``gif? {guc ucj FBB ìki if b}ifu hfe jfk}hr gfk if ucj mhlo }jhegfk gf ~h} u ‐&&&hf izu|uhfegfk

~hu}giu {ci lia~juje if ucj fhugif ‗| huc`jugl bgjè|&&&?‑ ch`àh}o |uha~je if |gej }jhe| ‐Ugbbhfw " Li&?‑ ciz|je gf gu| i{f uhf `jhucj} mis h`|i | uha~je ‐Ugbbhfw " Li?‑

gfl`zeje h}j u{i }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj| |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj&

Eghajuj}4 < 8)=‑

jh4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>




55>;< H k}Haa w ajeH``gif , 87;8

Ahej ib m}h|| {guc ucj FH]H\ ìki if b}ifu hfe ucj mhlo jfk}hrje ‐Gf H~~}jlghugif ) Dicf [hwfj ) Ucj

K}haaw H{h}e| \ci{ ) Uj`jlh|u 87;8?‑ ciz|je gf gu| i{f {iiejf mis&

Eghajuj}4 <‑

Dicf [hwfj {h| h ~}j|jfuj} hu ucg| 8<uc K}haaw H{h}e| |ci{ {cglc uiio ~`hlj if Ah}lc 82 87;8& Cj

hffizflje ucj {gffj} bi} –Mj|u I}gkgfh` \li}j [}guujf bi} h Aiugif ^gluz}j i} Uj`jrg|gif \~jlgh`‗ {cglc {h

Dicf @jffif ^hz` AlLh}ufjw hfe Kji}kj Ch} }g|if bi} ‐@ju Gu Mj?‑ [hwfj ucjf chfeje ucj h{h}e| ui ^hz`

hfe @gfeh AlLh}ufjw {ci hllj~uje bi} ucj } j|u ib ucj mhfe& Hlli}egfk ui Juchf [hwfj ucj ‐@ju Gu Mj‑

h`mza {h| ~`hwje lif|uhfu`w hmih}e ucj –[gè Kii|j&‗

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55>;5 uc}jj –^ciui^`Hw aHkHtgfj‗ H{H}e|, 872>!87;>

H`` ajeh``gif|? h`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}| u bi} ‐Mj|u Hlui} ‑ gf 8727 ciz|je gf h {iiejf b}haj |i miuc |gej| lhf mj |jjf ~`hlh}e if ui~

}jhe| gf ~h}u ‐Z&O& Jegugif?‑ ucj |jlife bi} ‐ Hlui} ib ucj Wjh} ‑ gf 8727!87;>? hfe ucj ucg}e bi} ‐ Hlui} ib ucj Wjh} ‑ gf 87;8!87;= ch`àh}oje 85O&

Eghajuj}4 = 8)=‑

jh4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>




55>;: H z|L!}j`Huje u}i^cw, 87;;

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Zfgrj}|guw ib \izucj}f Lh`gbi}fgh Kjfj}h`

H`zafg H||ilghugif bi} ‐H\H r& Lh`` Hlcgjrjajfu?‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

85‑ s 2‑ s :‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55>;2 H z|L!}j` Huje H{H}e, 87;3

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia h bhf bi} h ‐[j`liaj Ciaj&‑

8:‑ s =5‑ s ;‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

55>;; H z|L!}j`Huje H{H}e, 87;>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj U}idhf Ah}lcgfk Mhfe

bi} mjgfk ‐,<=?‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

H~~}isgahuj`w4 88‑ s 85‑ s 3‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>




55>;3 H |L}gû b}ia ‐|uHkjLiHLc‑

Zfguje H}ug|u | 87<7& ]je lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Eze`jw Fglci`| fiu ehuje

ah}oje ‐Bgfh` Lifugfzgu w‑ 8== ~hkj| {guc fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj

~hkj| uc}izkcizu fi hffiuhugif| {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w& #^`jh|j fiuj b}ifu

lirj} g| |iaj{chu |uhgfje hfe {} gfo`je&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55>;7 H |L}gû b }ia ‐|Hfe| ib g{i DgaH‑

]j~zm`gl 8757& Wj`ì{ lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Ch}} w M}i{f ehuje ‐\uh}uje4 Ahw

8; 8757 ) Bgfg|cje4 Ahw 87 8757‑ ah}oje ‐J|ugahugfk!\ciiugfk \l}g~u‑ fiu

hffiuhuje {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w& If ucj bg}|u ~hkj ucj lch}hluj} ib ‐\j}kjhfu

Dicf A& \u}woj}‑ g| ej|l}gmje h| ‐@gucj ujf|j liè!jwje? gf cg| `huj u{jfugj|‑

mzu [hwfj hu hkj 5= kiu ucj ~h}u hfw{hw {cglc kh}fj}je cga cg| bg} |u Hlhejaw

H{h}e fiagfhugif bi} –Mj|u Hlui} gf h @jhegfk ]i`j&‗ #^`jh|j fiuj ucj lirj}| h}j

{}gfo`je hfe liagfk ìi|j b}ia ucj m}he|&'

8<‑ s 7‑

jh4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>




55>3> H |L}gû b}ia ‐ucj Xzgj u aHf‑

]j~zm`gl 87:=& @gkcu k}hw lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Ahz}glj [h`|c hfe B}hfo Fzkjfu ehuje

‐\uh}uje4 Bjm}zh} w == 87:8 ) Bgfg|cje4 H~}g` <> 87:8‑ ah}oje ‐\ciiugfk \l}g~u‑ 852 ~hkj|

{guc h bj{ liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w& #^`jh|j fiuj b}ifu

lirj} g| zfhuuhlcje b}ia m}he| hfe g| |iaj{chu |uhgfje&'

8<‑ s 7‑

jh4 %:,>>>!%;,>>>

55>38 H {i}ogfk |L}gû b}ia ‐ucj |jH}Lcj}|‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87:2& Agfu k}jjf lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw B}hfo

Fzkjfu hffiuhuje gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo if ucj z~~j} }gkcu

hfe ì{j} `jbu li}fj}| ‐D[‑ fiu ehuje ah}oje ‐]jrg|je

Bgfh` \l}jjf~`hw‑ 85= ~hkj| {guc ahfw ~hkj| bièje gf ch`b

mw [hwfj h| {h| cg| chmgu {guc |l}g~u| cj z|je if |ju fiu

hffiuhuje& #^`jh|j fiuj lirj}| h}j |iaj{chu |uhgfje hfe

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~h~j}!l`g~~je ucizkc fiu hffiuhuje&

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b}ia ‐ucj k}jjf mj}ju|‑

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‐U}hf|~i}uhugif‑ {guc [hwfj‗| bz}ucj} hffiuhugif| ~jffje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo? <' h bh|lgfhugfk `juuj} uchu [hwfj cga|j`b uw~je ui Ch` [h``g| _~}iezlj} ib ucj

bgàQ izu`gfgfk gf k}jhu ejuhg` #|gs ~h}hk}h~c|' cg| ucizkcu| if ci{ ‐U}zj K}gu‑ lizè mj }j!jeguje bi} ahsgaza |ui}w bì{ jfegfk {guc ‐G ~}imhm`w lizè chrj |hge

h`` ucg| gf u{j`rj {i}e| gb G {j}j gf ucj }iia ) {guc wiz mzu u} wgfk ui ~hgfu h u}zj ~gluz}j ch| ahej ucg| |jja rj}w {i}ew ui aj& ) G ci~j gu g| ~j}|zh|grj jfizkc

ui lhz|j wiz ui kgrj gu h u} w‑ {guc h bj{ ib [hwfj‗| ~jflg`je li}}jlugif| jrgejfu? 5' h ~ciuili~w ib ucj b gfh` `juuj} [hwfj |jfu ui [h``g| #jrgejfu`w uw~je mw cg|

|jl}juh}w' ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w =3 8727?‑ :' h uj`jk}ha ehuje ‐Ah} =3 8727‑ ui [hwfj b}ia Mim Jrhf| ib ^h}haizfu \uzegi| }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐wiz} mj|u ~j}bi}ahflj

jrj}&&&h`` ib z| rj}w jslguje hmizu ~gluz}j ~iujfugh` miuc l}guglh``w hfe liaaj}lgh``w?‑ 2' h bg`j li~w ib h `juuj} [hwfj |jfu ui ‐U}zj K}gu‑ hzuci} Lch}`j| î}ug|

ehuje ‐Ahw 82 8727‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G dz|u |h{ U}zj K}gu&&&) G |h{ uci|j {ifej}bz` lch}hluj}| liaj ) ui `gbj mjlhz|j ib wiz} {}gugfk&&&?‑ ;' h uj`jk}ha ehuje

‐8727 Dzfj =:‑ ui [hwfj b}ia Ejfrj} ^g`j }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&G che hf jwj ~hulc&&&G |jj uchu wiz fi{ chrj ifj hfe h}j u} hrj`gfk }gkcu ui hf Hlhejaw #H{h}e'?‑

3' h bg`j li~w ib h `juuj} ehuje ‐Iluimj} =5 8727‑ uchu [hwfj |jfu ui hf z~|ju bjah`j bhf {ci ucizkcu ucj}j {h| uii azlc ‐im|ljfguw‑ hfe ‐~}ibhfguw‑ gf ucj

bgà #[hwfj }j|~ifeje gf ~h}u4 ‐&&&gf aw i{f {hw G u}w ui ojj~ ~gluz}j| cjhùcw jfizkc bi} ucj {ci`j bhag`w ui |jj‑ '? 7' h ch`b!~hkj ~gjlj ib ~h~j} {guc [hwfj‗|

m`zj mh``~igfu gfo chfe{}guujf }j|~if|j ui @i| Hfkj`j| Ugaj| b gà l}gugl Lch}`j| E& Lcha~`gf }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Gu agkcu mj ib gfuj}j|u bi} ) wiz ui ofi{ uchu G che

ui ) `jh}f ui |hw hgf‗u z~if jfuj}gfk ) ucg| mz|gfj|| ) &&&hfw{hw G |ch`` chrj h ) e}gfo ui czai} hfe h ci~j uchu ) wiz}| {g`` mj mjuuj} hfh`w|g| ) hfe `j|| }jmzojgf ucj bzuz}j& ) Wiz} jrj} ìrgf‗ rgluga ) Dicf [hwfj?‑ 8>' h ~ciuili~w ib ucj bgfh` uw~je rj}|gif [hwfj |jfu ui Lcha~`gf ehuje ‐Dz`w == 87;>?‑ hfe 88' ucj

i}gkgfh` `juuj} b}ia Lcha~`gf ehuje ‐Bjm}zh}w => 87;>‑ uchu kiu [hwfj |i }g`je _‐[cjf Dicf [hwfj lhf mj lifrgflgfk h| h Ch}rh}e ) ~}ibj||i} ib gfuj}fhugifh`

`h{ G‗`` hk}jj uchu cj g| h| kiie ) hf hlui} h| _DifQ Rigkcu‑ Q? irj}h`` h lia~j``gfk ìio hu ci{ ‐U}zj K}gu‑ hbbjluje h fzamj} ib ~ji~`j gfl`zegfk gu| |uh}&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

55>77 H k}iz^ ib –}Hegi |îu|‗ bi}

k}jHu {j|uj}f mHfo, 87;3

H~~}isgahuj`w => ~hkj| h`` ~ciuili~gj| b}ia Ehg`jw " H||ilghuj|

Herj}ug|gfk eg|~`hwgfk [hwfj‗| `gfj| bi} ucj |j}gj| ib }hegi herj}ug|jajfu| c

ege bi} ucj Lh`gbi}fgh mhfo u{i ~hkj| chrj cg| heegugif| ui ucj |l}g~u ~jffj

gf mh``~igfu gfo }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G‗rj uc}i{f aw ) aifjw h}izfe h ìu ib

~`hlj| ) uchu egef‗u m}gkcujf aw bzuz}j‑ hfe ‐Biò| gu |z}j ) kju| lia~`glhuj

uiehw& Ucj}j‗| hf ) izubgu G uz}f ui bi} hf|{j}| ) hfe cj`~&&&‑ hfe ucj ̀ goj?

gfl`zeje g| h |ah`` ~gjlj ib fiuj~he ~h~j} {guc [hwfj‗| hffiuhugif gf m`hlo

bjù!ug~ gfo }jhegfk ‐]hegi |~iu|&‑

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %:>>!%;>>




558>> H |gkfje Ha^H| Hk} jjajfu, 87;>

Uw~je if Hlhejaw ib Aiugif ^gluz}j H}u| hfe \lgjflj| `juuj}cjhe izu`gfgfk

hf hk}jjajfu bi} [hwfj ui }jljgrj h ogfj|li~j ib ucj 5=fe Hffzh` Hlhejaw

H{h}e| ^}ik}ha _H~}g` ; 87;>Q ‐|i`j`w bi} ~}grhuj |l}jjfgfk|?‑ |gkfje mw cga

gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj}? h`|i gfl`zeje g| h `juuj} hmizu

ucj ogfj|li~j uchu fiuje `gm}h}ghf Ah}kh}ju Cj}}glo |gkfje hfe |jfu ui

[hwfj ~`z| h bj{ iucj} ~gjlj| ib }j`huje ~h~j}{i}o&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

jh4 %2>>!%3>>

558>8 H k}iz^ ib |ciiugfk

|Lcjez`j|, 87:>!87;>

Ucj bg}|u b }ia ucj 87:2 ]OI }j`jh|j

‐Ucj Lifxzj}i}‑ ehuje b}ia Dzfj ui Dz`w 87:5 fgfj uw~je ~hkj| `g|ugfk hlui}

fhaj| ehuj| hfe ej|l}g~ugif ib |ju

i} ìlhugif? ucj |jlife b}ia ucj 87;:

Zfgrj}|h` }j`jh|j ‐]ii|uj} Likmz}f‑

ehuje \j~ujamj} 87;5 h~~}isgahuj`w

:> ~hkj| `g|ugfk `goj gfbi}ahugif? ucj

ucg}e b}ia ucj 87;2 ̂ h}haizfu }j`jh|j

‐Ucj \ciiug|u‑ ehuje Dhfzh}w ui Ah}lc

87;2 83 ~hkj| ̀ g| ugfk ̀ goj gfbi}ahugif&

8<‑ s 7‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558>= H DHaj| |uj{H}u cHfe{}gu ujf `ju uj}, Lg}LH 87;7

^jffje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w fiu eh uje mzu `goj`w Ahw 87;7 |jfegfk

‐Ezoj‑ mg}ucehw {g|cj| |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Kì}gh hfe Dga?‑ h |{jju fiuj b}ia h

ìfkugaj li``jhkzj hfe b}gjfe&

3 8)=‑ s 2 8)=‑

jh4 %;>>!%7>>




558>< H k}jki}w ^jLo cHfe{}guujf `j uuj}, 87;7

^jffje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w ehuje

‐8= Ahw 87;7‑ }jhegfk gf bz`` ‐Ejh} Ezoj ) Mjuuj} kju wiz} )

lif|j}rhugrj h|| izu ) ib u cj}j gf ugaj ui ) ~glo z~ ucg| ajeh` )

@irj b}ia ) K}jk ^jlo?‑ {guc gu| i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? h`|i

gfl`zeje g| h –lifbg}ahugif li~w‗ ib h ahg`k}ha uchu ^jlo |jfu ui

Mh}}w Kiè{huj} D}& ehuje ‐>:)88);7‑ }jkh}egfk ^jlo‗| |z~~i}u

ib [hwfj }jljgrgfk ucj Lifk}j||gifh` Kiè Ajeh` }jhegfk gf ~h}u

‐G ha ~`jh|je ui `jfe aw |z~~i}u ui ucj airjajfu bi} h |~jlgh` )

Lifk}j||gifh` H{h}e bi} Dicf [hwfj hf cifi}hm`j ahf {ci ch|

) jsja~`gbgje u}hegugifh` Haj}glhf rg}uzj| gf bgà| bi} :> wjh}| )

&&&Dicf [hwfj g| ̀ irje ucj {i}è irj} h| h ahf {ci }j~}j|jfu| )

gfej~jfejflj ucj ìrj ib b}jjeia hfe ucj cjh}uw |u}jfkuc ib )

lch}hluj} {cglc ahej iz} lizfu}w k}jhu?‑ h uizlcgfk uj|uhajfu ui

[hwfj j|~jlgh``w lif|gej}gfk ^jlo {h| h {j``!ofi{f `gmj}h`&

8> 8)=‑ s ; 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558>5 u{i b}Hfo |gfHu}H |gkfje `ju uj}|, 872;

Ucj bg}|u uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj} w |jfu ui D[ gf Mz}mhfo LH ehuje ‐=: Dz`w 872;‑ }jkh}egfk h |l}g~u

bi} [hwfj ui }jhe {guc h l`g~~gfk hmizu ucj |l}g~u‗| ~ìu |uh~`je ui ì{j} ah}kgf |gkfje gf i}hfkj bjù!ug~ gfo

_\gfhu}h‗| bhri}guj liì}Q ‐B}hfo?‑ ucj |jlife uw~je if ucj |haj |uw`j |uhugifj}w ehuje ‐Iluimj} = 872;‑ }jhegfk

gf ~h}u ‐Ucj ~ciuik}h~c g| hf hm|i`zuj kh|& Gu ) }jh``w khrj aj h `hzkc‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}&

8> 8)=‑ s ; 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>







558>: uc}jj |Haaw eHRg|, D}& |gkfje `juuj}|, 872>!87;>

Ucj bg}|u uw~je if ~`hgf |uhugifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf @i| Hfkj`j| LH ehuje ‐Hzkz|u =7 8728‑ h uchfo wiz fiuj bi} ucj ìhf ib h chu }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐\h}kjhfu| Uc}jj

_|glQ g| fi{ bgfg|cje hfe G az|u rj}w ) } j`zluhfu`w }juz}f wiz} chu& )&&&Hfw |zllj|| ) G ahw chrj gf ucj ~gluz}j {g`` mj ahgf`w ezj ui wiz} ) kjfj}i|guw& ) &&&Gb G lhf jrj } e

hfwucgfk bi} wiz h mjfjbgu bi} wiz} ) bhriz} guj lch}guw h {hò!if gf ifj ib wiz} bgà| `jfe ) wiz aw uzsjei jul& wiz ofi{ wiz lhf lizfu if aj‑ |gkfje gf m`zj bizfuh

~jf gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐\haaw Ehrg| D}&‑ {guc gu| i}gkgfh` u} hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? =' uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf Ez}hfki Ajsgli ehuje

‐Bjm& 88 8727‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Gu ch| mjjf h ìfk |jh}lc mzu G mj`gjrj G chrj bgfh``w ) bizfe ucj |l}jjf~`hw bi} ucj u{i ib z| uchu {j mjkhf ) ìiogfk bi} |g s wjh}|

hki‑ |gkfje gf m`zj bizfuhgf ~jf gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐\haaw‑ #ucj u{i fjrj} ahej h bgà uikjucj}'? ucj ucg}e uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf

Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐ Dzfj =5 87;;‑ }jhegfk gf bz`` ‐Uchfo wiz bi} cj`~gfk aj cj`~ [j|u Heha| Liaazfguw ) Ci|~guh`& ) ^jhlj hfe ̀ irj‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558>2 H m`HLo Hfe {cguj ^ciuik}H^c, 8728

Ej~glugfk ucj u{i b} gjfe| uikjucj} h| \haaw Ehrg| D}& {jh}| [hwfj‗|

‐`zlow chu‑ |gkfje mw ucj ~ciuik}h~cj} gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj}

‐Mj}fh}e Hm}ha|if 8728?‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

B}haje4 85‑ s 88‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>




558>; H DHaj| LHkfjw k}iz^ ib |gkfje `juuj}|, 87;>!87;7

Gfl`zegfk #gf lc}ifiìkglh` i}ej}'4 8' chfe{}guujf gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w ehuje ‐Fir& <> 87;>‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ucj |ci{ {h| k}jhu hfe h`ùcj ) Lhkfjw| h}j |jfegfk hìfk lifk}huz`hugif|&&&) Wiz {j}j jrj}w ucgfk uchu {h| }jxzg}je&&&?‑ |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} ah}kgf ‐Dga Lhkfjw?‑ =' uw~je if ~`hgf |uhugifj}w

|jfu ui D[ gf \hfuh Bj FA ehuje ‐Ahw =: 87;8‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Kiie ui cjh} b}ia wiz& ) Lhzkcu ucj ^`ga~uif dim hfe ) ha |z}j gu {g`` |j} rj gu| ~z}~i|j?‑ |gkfje

gf m`hlo mh``~igfu ~jf gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Dga?‑ <' uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj} w |jfu ui D[ hu ucj ZL@H Ajeglh` Ljfuj} @i| Hfkj`j| LH ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w

87 87;7‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ojj~ ~zflcgfk hfe ojj~ heigfk _|glQ ) [j h}j h`` ) ~z``gfk bi} wiz hfe G m}gfk wiz }jkh}e| b}ia B}hfo AlCzkc ) {guc {cia wiz {i}oje

ahfw ahfw wjh}| hki _gf ucj 87<< [h}fj} M}i|& bgà ‐ Ucj Uj`jk}h~c U}hg`‑Q& Cj }jajamj}| ) wiz rj}w {h}a`w‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? {guc gu| i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguu h`

jfrjì~j? 5' h –lifbg}ahugif li~w‗ ib h ahg`k}ha [hwfj |jfu ui Lhkfjw ehuje ‐>5)>=);7‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ejh} Dgaaw ) G ci~j wiz} |lghugl ~}im`ja g| fiu |j}giz|& Gu

{h| ~}imhm`w lhz|je mw ) mza~gfk wiz} mzuuilo| hìfk ucj mh|jajfu bìi} gf uchu jsj}lg|j wiz ) |ci{je z| wjh}| hki& K ju cjhùcw hfe liaj |hw cj`ì& ) Ezoj?‑ fglj

`juuj}| mju{jjf u{i iè ~h`| {ci fjrj} ahej h airgj uikjucj}&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,=>>




558>3 H |ujR j alXzjjf k}iz^

ib Li}}j|îfejfLj, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk #gf lc}ifiìkglh` i}ej}'4 8' h

[j|uj}f Zfgif uj`jk}ha |jfu ui [hwfj

ehuje ‐8722 Fir =;‑ gfrgugfk cga ui h ~h}uw

hu AlXzjjf‗| M}jfu{iie ciz|j? =' uw~je if

~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj} w |jfu ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w

Cg``| LH ehuje ‐Ahw 82 8727‑ }jhegfk gf

~h}u ‐\i}}w G lizèf‗u ahoj gu ui ucj Eg}jlui}|

Kzgè ui ) cifi} wiz if ucj illh|gif ib

wiz} 5>uc hffgrj}|h}w ) gf bgà| hfe bi} ucj

|l}jjfgfk ib U}zj K}gu& Ucj ) }j~i}u| h}j

k}jhu if ucj ~gluz}j‑ |gkfje gf m`hlo bjù!

ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐\ujrj‑ {guc

gu| i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? <' uw~je

if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhu gifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf

Fi}uc Ci``w{iie LH ehuje ‐Dzfj 8= 87;>‑

}jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&mjlhz|j ib wiz G jfeje z~

{guc h wjh}‗| ) |z~~`w ib Mh|ogf " ]immgf|

glj l}jha& G i{j wiz ifj bi} ) uchu& ) Uhoj

gu |ì{‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? {guc gu|

i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguu h` jfrjì~j? 5' h bg`j li~w

ib h `juuj} [hwfj |jfu ui AlXzjjf ehuje ‐\j~ujamj} =< 87;;‑ }jhegfk ‐[izè wiz ~`jh|j |jfe cga h ~gluz}j ib aj) b}ia Mz``guu& ) G {g`` mj bi}jrj} k}hujbz`?‑ :' h

~ciuili~w ib h bhf `juuj} uch u h ujf wjh} iè miw |jfu ui [hwfj }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ejh} A}& [hwfj ) G ̀ irj ucj airgj Mz`gu _|glQ hfe ) G ucizkcu wiz} hlugfk {h| k}jhu& G

{izè `goj ui ofi{ ) gb G lizè chrj h hzuik}h~c! ) je ~gluz}j ib wiz?‑ [hwfj ucgfogfk ucg| bzffw jfizkc ui |jfe if ui AlXzjjf #{ci ci~jbz``w |jfu ucj lifbz|je oge h

|gkfje ~ciui'&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558>7 H ^Hz` fj{aHf |gkfje `juu j}, 8728

Uw~je if u{i ~hkj| ib {cguj ~h~j} |jfu ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie LH ehuje ‐Ejl =8 8728‑ #b}ia ~i|uah}o' }jkh}egfk Fj{ahf‗| rgj{| if ucj kji~i`guglh` |gu zhugif hfe

miio| cj ucizkcu [hwfj |cizè }jhe _ahgf`w ‐If Ucj}aifzl`jh} [h}bh}j‑ mw Cj}ahf OhcfQ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ahwmj ) {j lhf ‐chrj hu gu‑ irj} h miuu`j ib Dhlo Ehfgj`|

[guc ) iz} liamgfje m}hgf ~i{j} ucj}j g| fi }jh|if {cw {j lhf‗u ) |ju z~ h mjfjri`jfu aifh}lcw hfe ucjf dz|u h}mgu}h}g`w ) miam izu ucj jfug}j h}jh ib ]z||gh jslj~

ib liz}|j uchu ) h}jh {cglc g| }j|~if|gm`j bi} lhrgh}‑ |gkfje gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo ‐^hz`?‑ {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? hf gfuj}j|ugfk h||ilghugif ~gjlj mju{jjf

u{i ga~i}uhfu hlui}|&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




5588> H DiHf L}H{bi}e k}iz^ ib

|gkfje `j uuj}|, 872>!87;>

Uc}jj fiuj| h`` uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje fiuj~h~j} gfl`zegfk4 8' |jfu ui D[

hfe bhag`w gf Jflgfi LH ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w 5 872:‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G ha ) k`he ucj ~h|u wjh} g| irj} hfe wiz} ) g``fj|| {guc gu‑ |gkfje gf m`zj mh``~igfu

gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Dihf‑ {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguu h` jfrjì~j? ='

|jfu ui D[ hfe ^g`h} gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc LH ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w 7 8727‑ }jhegfk

gf ~h}u ‐Uchfo wiz |i azlc bi} ucj ) ̀ irj`w Fj{ Wjh}‗| uj`jk}ha‑ |gkfje gf

|haj ahffj}? {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? <' |jfu ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc LH ehuje ‐Bjm}zh}w < 87;>‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Uchfo wiz |i azlc

bi} ~}j|jfugfk aj ) {guc ucj Ljlg` M& ej Ag``j H{h}e ̀ h|u ) fgkcu& ) &&&G {h|

|i uizlcje mw uchu ) ej`glgiz|`w |ah``!miw |ag`j‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}?

{guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguu h` jfrjì~j? h`|i gfl`zeje4 8' h |ah`` fiuj chfe{}guujf

gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo mw L}h{bi}e }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ezoj ! wiz h}j ) h e}jha

mihu&&& ) ̂ &\& wiz h}j if ) ̀ h|u ~hkj‑ ― }jbj}}gfk ui ucj Dzfj 8727 g||zj ib

–^j~|g!Li`h [i}è‗ ahkhtgfj {cj}j ucj fiuj g| ~h~j}l`g~~je? =' h ~}ik}ha

b}ia ucj Dzfj =5 87;; u}gmzuj ui L}h{bi}e uchu [hwfj uiio ~h} u gf? hfe <' h

uc}jj ~hkj uw~je |~jjlc uchu [hwfj khrj hu uchu u}gmzuj&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




55888 H oHucH}gfj cj^mz}f k}iz^ ib

cHfe{}guujf `ju uj}|, 87;>

Uc}jj uiuh`? ucj bg}|u chfe{}gu ujf gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj} w

fiu ehuje mzu `goj`w 87;: }jhegfk gf ~h} u ‐Gu‗| rj}w ch}e ui ) }juz}f ui }jh`guw

) {cjf wiz‗rj ) mjjf gf ucj `hfe ) ib ucj Kghfu| ) ui |jfe aw ) uchfo| "

aw ̀ irj g| ui ~zu ) gu agè`w ) \g|uj} Ohuj ) Uchu {h| ‐`grgfk?‑ ucj |jlife

chfe{}guujf gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf

Fj{~i}u Mjhlc LH ehuje ‐GG!85!87;;‑ h uchfo wiz `juuj} bi} h kgb u }jhegfk gf

~h}u ‐G {g`` mj wiz} ) Rh`jfugfj ! hfwugaj ) G‗e {hfuje u{i ucgfk|&&& ) wiz |jfu

) ucja miuc ) &&&G ag|| wiz ) Hbbjlugifhuj`w ) Jz`h‑ _cj} lch}hluj}‗| fhaj gf

‐]ii|uj} Likmz}fQ? {guc gu| i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguu h` jfrjì~j? ucj ucg}e uw~je if

~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w ehuje ‐R!<!87;7‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G ege chrj |zlc h

ìu ib ) bzf eigfk uchu ]ii|uj}!Jz`h ~gluz}j& Wiz ) h}j hf jsu}hi}egfh} w hlui}!

ahf!|~g}gu!)l}jhuz}j& ) &&&Hfw{hw Jz`h ) eij|f‗u lchfkj ! |cj dz|u ̀ irj| wiz

― wiz ) ofi{ uchu& ) Jz`h #Ohuj'?‑ |{jju `juuj}| b}ia ifj glif ui hfiucj}&

3‑ s 2‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




5588= H `Hz}jf –mjuu w ‗ mHLH`` cHfe{}guujf `ju uj}, 87;7

^jffje gf m`zj bjù!ug~ gfo if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc LH ehuje ‐; Ahw 87;7‑ #b}ia ucj ~i|uah}o' }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G chrj

fjrj} mjjf hm`j ui ) uj`` wiz ci{ azlc wiz} |uhfegfk z~ ) bi} aj gf –Mìie

H``jw‗ ehw| ajhfu ) ui aj& G {hfuje ui |hw gu if –Ucj ) \ciiug|u‗ ! fjrj} lizè

|iajci{&&&)wiz chrj ucj kzu| ib h ̀ gif&&&) G {hfu wiz ui ofi{ ci{ uj}}gb gl )

wiz h}j hfe ci{ }jh``w k`he G ha ) ui ofi{ wiz ! wiz kgrj ai}j uchf #wiz'

ofi{ ) G |jfe wiz azlc ìrj! ) lif|uhfu ucizkcu| ) Mjuu w?‑ {guc i}gkgfh`

u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? h u}z`w cjh}u bjù fiuj b}ia h ìfkugaj li``jhkzj |jfu

ucj aifuc mjbi}j [hwfj ~h||je h{hw&

7‑ s ;‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




5588< H }Hiz` {H`|c |ju ib |gkfje `juuj}|, 87;5

Ucj bg}|u uw~je if ~`hgf |uhugifj}w ehuje ‐:!8!;5‑ |jfu ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie

LH }jkh}egfk h xziuj [h`|c {hfuje b} ia [hwfj bi} cg| hzuimgik}h~cw

ugu`je ‐Jhlc Ahf gf Cg| Ugaj‑ |gkfje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkc u

li}fj} ‐]hiz`?‑ {guc gu| i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? ucj |jlife uw~je if

~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w ehuje ‐:!82!;5‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ezoj aw ̀ he

) Uchfo| bi} wiz} fglj `juuj} hfe ucj kiie ucgfk| ) wiz che ui |hw hmizu

ucj miio‑ {guc h lifugfzhugif ib [h`|c‗| aj`hflci`w ucizkcu| hmizu ucj

~h||hkj ib ugaj |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? {guc gu| i}gkgfh` u}hf|agu uh`

jfrjì~j? h`|i gfl`zeje g| h bg`j li~w ib [hwfj‗| }j|~if|j ui [h`|c ehuje

‐Ahw 7 87;5‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Jflì|je g| h |zkkj|uje xziuj bi} wiz}

miio&&&)Uchfo| bi} &&& ) |fhulcgfk aj b}ia h ~i||gm`j ̀ jkh` lh}jj} {cglc )

lizè chrj mjjf fiucgfk mzu cza!e}za mw lia~h}g|if&‑

8> 8)=‑ s ; 8)=‑

]hiz` [h`|c bhaiz|`w khrj [hwfj h ucjf zfofi{f u {jfuw!uc}jj wjh} iè mgu ~`hwj}

cg| bg}|u |uh}}gfk }i`j gf h Ci``w {iie bgà ucj 87<> Bis }j`jh|j ugu`je ‐Ucj Mgk U}hg`&‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

55885 H ci{H}e cH{o| k}iz^ ib Li}}j|îfejfLj, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk #gf lc}ifiìkglh` i}ej}'4 8' h `juuj} uw~je if ‐Chuh}g(‑ `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie LH ehuje ‐Fir& 8< 8728‑ }jkh}egfk uj`jrg|gif liaaj}lgh`|

|gkfje gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Ci{h}e?‑ =' h `juuj} uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhu gifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf @i| Hfkj`j| LH ehuje ‐Dz`w == 8723‑

}jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ha jflì|gfk h |l}g~u bi} wiz&&&) Agulcza {izè {i}o {j`` {guc wiz&&& ) Ci~j wiz ̀ goj gu h| {j`` h| G ei‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? <' h Mhudhl

^}iezlugif| Gfl& gfuj}!ib bglj ajai ui [hwfj b}ia Dij Mjca hmizu h ìlhugif g||zj? 5' h bg`j li~w ib h `juuj} b}ia [hwfj ui Ch{o| ehuje ‐Firjamj} : 8727‑ hmizu

|haj ìlhugif g||zj? :' h `juuj} uw~je if LM\ Bgà| `juuj}cjhe ehuje ‐Firjamj} 85 8727‑ |jfu ui D[ gf Ez}hfki Ajsgli hmizu ucj |haj ìlhugif g||zj |gkfje

gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Ci{h}e?‑ 2' h bg`j li~w ib h `ju uj} [hwfj |jfu ui Ch{o| ehuje ‐Firjamj} 83 8727‑ |ug`` hmizu ucj ìlhugif g| |zj? 2' h

fiuj chfe{}guujf gf m`hlo mh``~igfu gfo kgrjf ui D[ gf Ajsgli ehuje ‐3!88!;>‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&{j lhf chrj ) egffj} cj}j ) ucj biie ) g| kiie hfe ucj ujxzg`h ) g|

mjuuj}‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? ;' h `juuj} chfe{}guujf mw Ch{oj| gf }je mh``~igfu gfo if uc}jj ~hkj| ib Lha~i Ajsgli Liz}u| `juuj}cjhe fiu ehuje kgrjf ui D[ gf

Ajsgli |ug`` }jkh}egfk ucj ìlhugif g||zj |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>




5588: H ^Hz` alLH}ufjw uj`jk}Ha, 87;8

Ehuje ‐Ah}lc 87 87;8‑ |jfu ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie LH }jhegfk

‐Uchfo| Gu {h| h ^`jh|z}j ) ^hz` hfe @gfeh AlLh} ufjw&‑

; 8)=‑ s 7‑

jh4 %2>>!%3>>

55882 H Dicf b& ojffjew!}j`Huje |ju

ib Li}}j|îfejfLj, 872>!8728

Miuc uw~je bg`j li~gj| ib uj`jk}ha| [hwfj |jfu? ucj bg}| u h |gfk`j wj`ì{ ~hkj

ui ^juj} @h{bi}e gf Cwhffg| î} u AH ehuje ‐Firjamj} 7 872>‑ }jhegfk gf

~h}u ‐^`jh|j lifk}huz`huj ucj ^}j|gejfu!J`jlu bi} aj& ) &&&Cj}j g| hf Haj}glhf

{ci {g`` ei hfwucgfk cj lhf ) ui mj cj`~bz`?‑ ucj |jlife h ch`b ~hkj ib {cguj

~h~j} ui ^}j|gejfu Dicf Bgutkj}hè Ojffjew hu Ucj [cguj Ciz|j [h|cgfkuif

E&L& ehuje ‐5uc Bjm}zh}w 8728‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Lifk}huz`hugif| A}&

^}j|gejfu& Gu {h| uc}g``gfk ) }jhegfk wiz} gfhzkz}h` |~jjlc cj}j gf )

Uhfkhfwgoh \ui~ Gu ahej z| jrjf ~}izej} ) u chu {j h}j Haj}glhf|& ]jkh}e| )

Dicf [hwfj&‑

#^`jh|j fiuj miuc ~hkj| chrj |uh~`j ah}o| hfe h}j |`gkcu`w wj`ì{je ezj ui

hkj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

5588; H }imj}u b& ojffjew bi}a `juuj}, 8722

^}gfuje if Zfguje \uhuj| \jfhuj `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie LH

ehuje ‐H~}g` =; 8722‑ }jkh}egfk Rgjufha }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Uchfo wiz bi}

wiz} rgj{| liflj}fgfk ucj {h} gf Rgjufha&&&)&&&ucj |z}rgrh` ib hfw lih`gugif

kirj}fajfu ej~jfe| if ucj |z~~i}u jhlc ) bhlugif }jljgrj| b}ia ucj izu|gej

― hfe uchu ucj Zfguje \uhuj| ) hbuj} hfw ~jhljbz` |ju u`jajfu {izè chrj ui

jsj}lg|j lifugfzje ) r gkg`hflj&&&?‑ gfl`zeje g| Ojffjew‗| i}gkgfh` jflì|z}j ui

[hwfj4 h ~ha~c`ju izu`gfgfk cg| rgj{| if ucj {h}&

8>‑ s 3‑

jh4 %5>>!%2>>




55883 uc}jj uje ojffjew

|gkfje `j uuj}|, 872>!87;>

Ucj bg}|u uw~je if Zfguje \uhuj| \jfhuj

`juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf Aifu}i|j LI

ehuje ‐\j~ujamj} =5 8723‑ }jkh}egfk

Hmj Bi}uh| _h Lcgjb Dz|ugljQ }jhegfk gf

~h}u ‐&&&gu g| zfbi}uzfhuj ) uchu ucj jslj}~u

wiz |jfu aj {h| ucj if`w gfbi}ahugif

wiz {j}j ) hm`j ui kju if A}& Bi}uh|&&&#gu' g| ~h}u ib h |lz}}gìz| chfeizu mjgfk

|~}jhe uc}izkcizu ucj lizfu}w mw ) }gkcu!

{gfk hfe hfug!\jagugl k }iz~|&&&‑ |gkfje

gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu

li}fj} ‐Je{h}e Ojffjew?‑ ucj |jlife

uw~je if |haj `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[

gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐Iluimj} =3

87;;‑ }jkh}egfk ucj ^hfhah Lhfh` u}jhugj| }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&gu {izè ) mj hkhgf|u iz} lizfu}w‗| mj|u u}hegugif| fiu if`w ui }jbz|j ui hlu gf iz} fhugifh` ) gfuj}j|u mz

ui m}jho ucj {i}e ib biz} ^}j|gejfu|‑ |gkfje gf m`zj bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Uje Ojffjew?‑ ucj ucg}e if |haj!|uw`j `juu j}cjhe #mzu |ah``j}' |jfu ui D[ gf

Mi|uif AH ehuje ‐H~}g` 8; 87;3‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&G {g|c wiz h |{gbu hfe lia~`juj }jlirj}w‑ |gkfje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Uje Ojffjew&‑

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55887 u{i `wfeif m& Dicf|if |gkfje `ju uj}|, 872>

Ucj bg}|u uw~je if Zfguje \uhuj| \jfhuj `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie LH ehuje

‐Bjm}zh}w 82 872>‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&{j lizè z|j wiz if iz} |gej& ) @ju aj ofi{ gb wiz

h}j jrj} z~ ) aw {hw hfe ̀ ju‗| kju uikjucj}‑ |gkfje gf m`hlo bizfuhgf ~jf gfo gf ucj ì{j}

}gkcu li}fj} ‐@wfeif?‑ ucj |jlife uw~je if [cguj Ciz|j |uhu gifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf JflgfiLH ehuje ‐Firjamj} 8= 8725‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Jrjf ez}gfk ucj lha~hgkf G fjrj} ì|u aw

) tj|u bi} Dicf [hwfj airgj|& Wiz hfe G ) chrj mjjf gf iz} }j|~jlugrj bgjè| ― airgj| ) hfe

~zm`gl |j}rglj ― bi} hmizu ucj |haj ugaj& ) G lhf if`w ci~j uchu fjgucj} ib z| u}gj| ui ) |{h~

~}ibj||gif|& ) Wiz h}j h kiie Haj}glhf&&&‑ |gkfje gf m`hlo bizfuhgf ~jf gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu

li}fj} ‐@wfeif M& Dicf|if‑ {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguu h` jfrjì~j? h`|i gfl`zeje g| h }jljg~u ib

h uj`jk}ha [hwfj |jfu ui Dicf|if _‐Lifk}huz`hugif| A} ^}j|gejfu b}ia ifj ib wiz} ìwh` )

}j~jhu ìwh` i~~i|gugif‐Q h uj`jk}ha Dicf|if |jfu ui [hwfj _‐Lifk}huz`hugif|& Ucj I|lh}

}jlikfgtj| wiz} jslj``jfu lifu}gmzugif ui ucj Haj}glhf |l}jjf&&&‑ Q hfe u{i bg`j li~gj| ib

`juuj}| [hwfj |jfu ui Dicf|if&

8> 8)=‑ s 3‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558=> H D & jekH} ciiRj} |gkfje `j uuj}, 87;>

Uw~je if BMG `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf @i| Hfkj`j| LH ehuje

‐H~}g` 3 87;>‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Cjh}ugj|u lifk}huz`hugif| if

wiz} {gffgfk ) hf –I|lh}‗ h| mj|u hlui} ib 8727‑ |gkfje gf m`zjbizfuhgf ~jf gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐D& Jekh} Ciirj}?‑

gfl`zeje g| h bg`j li~w i b [hwfj‗| }j|~if|j&

7 8)=‑ s ;‑

jh4 %;>>!%7>>




558=8 H }ifHè }jHkHf cHfe{}gu ujf `ju uj}, Lg}LH 87;;

^jffje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w ehuje ‐Ahw

8:‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐[j egef‗u ofi{ ib h ) |z}j {hw uchu hf jsu}h

`juuj} agkcu ) }jhlc wiz& Mzu h| wiz lhf |jj {j ) bizfe h {hw& Eif‗u

ug~ ucj aj||jfkj} ) cj {h| ch~~w ui ei gu& ) &&&[j lhf ) chfe`j ucj

kh|i`gfj |ci}uhkj ucj hfug! ) fzl`jh} b}jho| " jrjf ucj l}ht w {hw

) ucj heagf& g| ejh`gfk {guc ucj ]z||ghf| ! ) {j lhf‗u uhoj azlc

ai}j ib wiz mjgfk ) izu ib hlugif& ) &&&Ezoj wiz h}j fiu if`w gf iz} )

ucizkcu| ! wiz h}j gf iz} ~}hwj}| jrj} w ) ehw& Hfe uci|j ~}hwj}| h}j

mi}f ) ib iz} ìrj " hbbjlugif b i} wiz‑ |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj}

‐Fhflw‑ _gf cj} chfeQ ‐" ]if‑ _gf cg| chfeQ? {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh`

jfrjì~j {gucizu h |uha~ i} ~i|uah}o |gflj gu {h| chfe!ej`grj}je h|

fiuje hmirj&

8> 8)=‑ s ; 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558== H }ifHè }jHkHf cHfe{}guu jf `ju uj}, Lg}LH 87;7

^jffje gf m`zj bjù ug~ gfo if ~j} |ifh`gtje fiuj~h~j} ehuje ‐5)8‑ }jhegfk gf

~h}u ‐&&&{j‗̀ ` ojj~ if ~}hwgfk zfug` ucjw ) ejlgej wiz lhf kju gfui h |hìif )

bgkcu #if ucj |uzegi mhlo ̀ iu ib liz}|j' i} ki bg|cgfk gf Mhdh bi} }jh`&&&) Fhflw

|jfe| cj} ìrj ! G {izè ) uii mzu ucj}j agkcu mj uhò&‑ #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| ~gjlj

g| |iaj{chu {}gfo`je&'

8> 8);‑ s ; 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




558=< uc}jj e{gkcu e& j g|jfci{j} |gkfje `j uuj}|, 87:>!872>

Ucj bg}|u uw~je if Ucj [cguj Ciz|j `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf

Ci``w{iie LH ehuje ‐Iluimj} == 87:2‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u

‐Aw rg|gu ui @i| Hfkj`j| {izè fiu chrj mjjf ) |i ch~~w

hf illh|gif {gucizu wiz} digfgfk z| ) hu ucj Ci``w{iie

Mi{`‑ |gkfje gf m`hlo bizfuhgf ~jf gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu

li}fj} ‐E{gkcu Jg|jfci{j}?‑ ucj |jlife uw~je if ucj |haj

`juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ ehuje ‐Dzfj 8> 87:7‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u

‐&&&G ) {hfu ui uchfo wiz bi} hlugfk h| ah|uj} ) ib lj}jaifgj|

hu ucj Uj|ugaifgh` Egffj} ) ui cifi} ]j~zm`glhf| gf Lifk}j||‑

|gkfje gf |haj ahffj} {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|agu uh` jfrjì~j?

ucj ucg}e uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w ui ‐B}gjfe|‑ ehuje

‐85 Iluimj} 8725‑ }jkh}egfk Mh}}w Kiè{huj} bi} ^}j|gejfu

|gkfje gf |haj ahffj}&

7‑ s ;‑

jh4 %2>>!%3>>

558=5 H }gLcH}e fgsif cHfe{}guu jf `ju uj}, 87;2

^jffje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo if ~j} |ifh`gtje fiuj~h~j}

|jfu ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐Ejljamj}

8: 87;2‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐^hu hfe G {j}j ) uj}}gm`w

eg|u}j||je ui cjh} ) uchu wiz {j}j gf ucj ) ci|~guh`&

[j ci~j ) hfe ~}hw wiz {g`` ) |iif mj –mhlo gf ucj

|hee`j‗&&&) G ucizkcu ) wiz} U&R& u}gmzuj {h| ) |z~j}m?‑

|gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Eglo Fgsif?‑ {guc

i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j&

8> 8)=‑ s ; 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




558=: jgkcu kj}Hè }& bi}e

|gkfje `j uuj}|, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' uw~je if Ciz|j ib ]j~}j|jfuhugrj|

`juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje

‐Ah}lc =< 872;‑ }jkh}egfk ucj ]j~zm`glhf

H||ilghuj|!Mii|uj}| ^}ik}ha |gkfje gf m`hlo

bizfuhgf ~jf gfo gf ucj ì{j} li}fj} ‐ Dj}}w Bi}e?‑

=' uw~je if [cguj Ciz|j `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf

Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐Firjamj} 5 87;5‑ }jhegfk

gf ~h}u ‐G ha k`he ui chrj h li~w ib –If Mjgfk Aw I{f

Ahf‗ ) {}guujf mw @jifh}e ]jhe‑ |gkfje gf |haj

ahffj}? <' uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w |jfu

ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie LH ehuje ‐Ah}lc 8: 87;:‑

}jkh}egfk ucj ]j~zm`glhf \jfhuj!Ciz|j Egffj}

|gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? 5' uw~je if [cguj Ciz|j

`juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc LH ehuje

‐Iluimj} = 87;2‑ }jkh}egfk ucj –\h`zuj ui ucj

^}j|gejfu‗ Egffj} |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? :' uw~je

if [cguj Ciz|j `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc LH ehuje ‐Iluimj} 5 87;2‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G rj}w azlc h~~}jlghuj chrgfk wiz} rgj{| if ucj –J s~ì}j}‗ ) hfe G ofi{ {j miuc ìio bi}{h}e ui ucj ehw {cjf gu

hkhgf ) |ju| |hg`‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? 2' uw~je gf [cguj Ciz|j `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐Ejljamj} < 87;2‑ }jkh}egfk lha~hgkf cj`~

|gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? ;' uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj} w |jfu ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc LH ehuje ‐Iluimj} 85 87;;‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ahf( [chu h }j`gjb ui cjh}

ucj ciibmjhu| ) ib ucj mgk {cguj ci}|j hfe |jj h b}gjfe`w ) kzf kh`ì~ gfui rgj{‑ |gkfje gf m`zj bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} `jb u |gej? hfe 3' chfe{}guujf gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo

if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w ehuje ‐Ahw 3 87;7‑ }jhegfk gf bz`` ‐Mjuuw hfe G h}j ) ~z``gfk bi} wiz hfe ~}hwgfk ) bi} wiz hìfk {guc ag``gif| ) z~if ag``gif| h}izfe ucj

{i}è& ) Wiz chrj ejj~j|u hbbjlugif ) hfe heag}hugif& ) Dj} }w Bi}e?‑ gfl`zeje h}j uc}jj u}hf|agu uh` jfrjì~j| ifj –fiuj ui |j`b ‗ ~jffje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf [hwfj‗|

chfe hmizu ci{ ui b g`j h `juuj} hfe ifj bg`j li~w ib h 87;; `juuj} [hwfj {}iuj ui Bi}e& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558=2 H D gaaw LH}uj} cHfe{}gu ujf

`juu j} if uj}}i}g|a, 87;3

^jffje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo if [cguj Ciz|j | uhugifj}w

|jfu ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc LH ehuje ‐:!8:!;3‑

}jhegfk gf bz``4 ‐Ejh} Dicf [hwfj ) Ifj ib aw ejj~j|u

lia!) aguajfu| g| ui bgkcu ) uj}}i}g|a hfe aw ihuc ) ib

ibbglj }jxzg}j| aj ) ui z~ciè ucj `h{| ib ) ucj Zfguje

\uhuj|& G ei ) fiu bgfe ucj u{i ui ) mj gflia~hugm`j& )

Dgaaw ) ̂ &\& [j‗}j ~}ize ib wiz} ) xzglo }jlirj} w& D&?‑ {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j&

7‑ s ;‑

jh4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>




558=; H fi}aHf }iLo{j`` |gkfje `ju uj}, 87;2

Uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhu gifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐Dhf& 8< 87;2‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Gu {h| kiie u

cjh} b}ia wiz hfe G |jfe aw ) rj} w mj|u {g|cj| bi} h bgfj 87;2‑ |gkfje gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkc u li}fj}

‐Fi}ahf ]ilo{j``?‑ {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguu h` jfrjì~j? h fglj h||ilghugif ~gjlj mju{jjf u{i ajf {ci }j~}j|jfuje h

‐gejh` Haj}glh‑ ui lizfu`j|| ag``gif|&

3‑ s 2‑

jh4 %2>>!%3>>

558=3 H agLojw |^g`` Hfj k}iz^ ib |gkfje Li}}j|îfejfLj, 87:>!872>

Ai|u`w uw~je if Aglojw \~g``hfj ^}iezlugif| `juu j}cjhe hfe |gkfje mw cga gf k}jjf bizfuhgf ~jf gfo? gfl`zegfk #gf lc}ifiìkglh` i}ej}'4 8' fiu ehuje mzu h}izfe

Iluimj} 8> 87:: }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&{chu h ) k}jhu dim wiz ege if ucj @zlw |ci{& ) &&&[cjf wiz {j}j kjuugfk ucj }zmei{f Ohucw |hge –G mju ̂ g`h} eij|f‗u ofi{ |cj‗|

eigfk uchu ) ui cga&‗ K}jhu ucgfogfk&&&|cj‗| if`w |gs?‑ =' |jfu ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie LH ehuje ‐Ah}lc < 87:2‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G dz|u ucizkcu h `guu`j fiuj ib jfliz}hkj!

) ajfu hu ucg| ugaj agkcu liaj gf chfew?‑ <' ehuje ‐88)8:)28‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G |jfu wiz h li~w ib Ucj Mjj~ aw fj{ miio hfe gu ‗| ) eigfk bgfj& ) M}jho ìi|j b}ia

@&H& hfe digf ) aj& Kièjf Ci|u Aiuj` hfe wiz lhf j|lh~j ucj ~}j!~h}jfuh` fif|jf|j ) uchu kij| {guc mjgfk u}h~~je gf wiz} i{f ciz|j ez}gfk `huj ) ~}jkfhflgj|?‑

5' h bg`j li~w ib [hwfj‗| }j|~if|j ui \~g``hfj‗| `juuj} ehuje ‐Firjamj} =8 8728‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ci{ azlc G {izè ̀ irj ui digf wiz hu ucj Kièjf ) Ci|u Aiuj`&&&)Gchrj ui ojj~ aw fi|j ui ucj k}gfe|uifj(?‑ :' ehuje ‐Firjamj} =5 –28‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐\i ucgfogfk ib Mhudhl hfe gu| Lj||fh G‗a ) e}i~~gfk ibb h bièj} if {chu h

e}jhamihu ìio| `goj& ) Gf bhlu hbuj} b`wgfk gu hkhgf G‗a mzwgfk ifj?‑ 2' fiu ehuje }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Wiz hfe Mim _Bj`ì{|Q h}j ucj if`w kzw| G‗`` ei ) mz|gfj|| {guc gf

@&H&&&& ) G kiu h {chlo if ucj jh} #lzu aw ̀ imj mw cjlo(' hfe ) |zlc g| ucj fj{| b}ia Fj{mz}kc& [cjf ei {j kju ui |jj wiz hkhgf9‑ #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj

gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

[cjf ucj [hwfj!Bj`ì{| ^}iezlugif| lia~hfw {h| |ug`` gf jsg|ujflj ucjw cg}je ucj bhaiz| l}gaj firj`g|u ui }j{}guj |iaj |l}g~u| bi} ucja hfe ucj uc}jj ajf cgu gu ib

[hwfj }jahgfje b}gjfe| {guc \~g``hfj hbuj} cj |uh}uje h egb bj}jfu ~}iezlugif lia~hfw _Mhudhl ^}iezlugif|Q hfe hbuj} \~g``hfj hfe Bj`ì{| |uh}uje ucjg} i{f ~}iezlugi

lia~hfw uikjucj} _\~g``hfj!Bj`ì{| ̂ }iezlugif|Q&

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




558=7 H `g|u ib bHRi}g uj HLui}| Hf e bgà|, 87;;

H `juuj} |jfu ui [hwfj if ‐Dz`w 3 87;;‑ mw –Ucj ^ji~`j‗| Hàhfhl‗ h|ogfk cga ui

~h}uglg~huj gf h ~i`` ib h`` `grgfk Hlhejaw H{h}e {gffgfk hlui}| ‐if ucjg} i~gfgif

ib {ci {j}j hfe h}j ucj : mj|u aiugif ~gluz}j hlui}| ib h`` ugaj&&&#hfe'&&&ucj

: &&&mj|u aiugif ~gluz}j| ib h`` ugaj?‑ [hwfj‗| u{i ~ciuili~gje }j|~if|j| h}j

gfl`zeje #ucj i}gkgfh`| imrgiz|`w |jfu mhlo ui –Ucj ^ji~`j‗| Hàhfhl‗' {cj}j cj

fiuj| bi} hlui}|4 ‐8' \~jflj} U}hlw =' J`gthmjuc Uhwì} <' Ohuc}gfj _|glQ Cj~mz}f

5' @hz}jflj I`grgj} :' @gifj` Mh}}wai}j‑ hfe bi} bgà| ‐8' H Ahf bi} H`` \jh|if|

=' Kifj {guc ucj [gfe <' Ucj Biz} Ci}|jajf ib ucj H~ilh`w~|j 5' Ucj \jh}lcj}|

:' Ucj Xzgju Ahf?‑ #ucj `h|u u{i ~}imhm`w ai}j ib hf ciahkj ui Dicf Bi}e uchf

ui cga|j`b'? gfuj}j|ugfk u i ofi{ {chu [hwfj `goje dz|u h| h } jkz`h} airgj bhf&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

558<> H u{gLj!|gkfje ^H||î}u, 872>

\uhfeh}e Haj}glhf g||zj bi} ucj j}h bjhuz}gfk h m`hlo hfe {cguj ~ciuik}h~c ib [hwfj #{jh}gfk ifj ib cg| mgm!b}ifu li|uzaj |cg}u|' |gkfje mw [hwfj gf m`zj bizfuhgf

~jf gfo if u{i |j~h}huj ~hkj| fiugfk cg| Jflgfi hee}j|| hfe ‐^g`h} [hwfj‑ h| ucj jaj}kjflw lifuhlu {guc fzaj}iz| jfu} w hfe jsgu |uha~| b}ia h}izfe ucj {i}è

jfegfk gf 8725 {cjf ucj ~h||~i}u {h| lhflj`je&

2‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




558<8 ucj `H|u e}gRj}‗| `gLjf|j, 87;;

G||zje mw ucj \uhuj ib Lh`gbi}fgh if ‐Ahw 8= 87;;‑ ej~glugfk h liì} ~ciuik}h~c ib [hwfj gf ucj ì{j} `jbu li}fj} fjsu ui cg| fhaj hfe iucj} |uhfeh}e |uhug|ugl |

fiugfk hf js~g}hugif ehuj ib ‐8738&‑

= 8)5‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558<= Hf Haj}gLHf j s^}j|| L}jegu LH}e, 87;3

[guc [hwfj‗| fhaj gf ucj ì{j} `jbu li}fj} rh`ge ehuj| b}ia ‐88);3 uc}z 8>);7‑ ajamj} |gflj ‐;=?‑ zf|gkfje?

gfl`zeje {guc ucj l}jegu lh}e‗| i}gkgfh` mhlogfk fiugfk [hwfj‗| fhaj hfe Fj{~i}u Mjhlc hee}j||&

=‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %3>>!%8,>>>




558<< H aH}}gHkj Lj}ugbgLHuj, 87<<

B}ia [hwfj‗| bg}|u ah}}ghkj ui Di|j~cgfj H`glgh \hjft {cglc uiio ~`hlj if ‐ucj =5uc ehw ib Dzfj 87<<?‑ h~~jh}gfk ui mj |gkfje gf [hwfj‗| chfe gf m`hlo bizfu hgf ~jf

gfo ‐Ah}gif Agulcj`` Ai}}g|if‑ #ucizkc ch}e ui uj`` ejbgfgugrj`w h| {}gugfk g| l}ha~je' h| {j`` h| mw {gufj|| hfe ahge ib cifi} @i}juuh Wizfk {ci|j ciz|j ucj liz~`j

z|je bi} ucj lj}jaifw& Ucj zfgif ~}iezlje [hwfj‗| biz} ièj|u lcgè}jf4 Aglchj` Uifg ^hu}glo hfe Aj`gfeh& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj}j h}j u{i l}jh|j| gf ucj eilzajfu hfe

ucj ~h~j} g| wj`ì{je ezj ui hkj&'

7‑ s 88‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




558<5 H aiugif ^gLuz}j |uzegi ajLcHfgL|‗ ajamj}|cg^ LH}e, 87<>

G||zje ui ucj u{jfuw!u{i wjh} iè ‐Ezoj Ai}}g|if‑ if ‐8!88!<>‑ {cjf ucj wizfk hlui} {h| |ug`` bgfegfk cg| ~`hlj gf

Ci``w{iie eigfk |uzfu hfe jsu} h {i}o h| {j`` h| mjgfk h‐Ahlcgfj I~j}hui}‑ h| ucg| lh}e gfeglhuj|&

5‑ s = <)5‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,=>>

558<: biz} |Hk ajamj}|cg^ LH}e|, 872>

G||zje mw ucj \l}jjf Hlui}| Kzgè h`` {guc [hwfj‗| fhaje uw~je if b} ifu b}ia ucj wjh} | 8728

872< 872:!8722 hfe 8727? gfl`zeje {guc biz} }jljg~u| |ci{gfk uchu [hwfj ~hge cg| ezj|&

= 8)=‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




558<2 bgRj Ha^H| ajamj}|cg^ LH}e|, 872>

G||zje mw ucj Hlhejaw ib Aiugif ^gluz}j H}u | hfe \lgjflj| h`` {guc

[hwfj‗| fhaje uw~je if b}ifu b}ia ucj wjh}| 872< 8722 872;

8723 hfe 8727? gfl`zeje {guc ucj lh}e|‗ i}gkgfh` mhlogfk|&

= 8)5‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

558<; H |gkfje eg}jLui}|‗ kzgè ib Haj}gLH ajamj}|cg^ LH}e, 87:7!872>

[guc [hwfj‗| uw~je fhaj hmirj cg| m`zj bizfuhgf ~jf gfo |gkfhuz}j? h`|i gfl`zeje g| h |jlife EKH lh}e b} ia 872;!8723 {guc [hwfj‗| uw~je fhaj

hfe cg| ^h}haizfu \uzegi| hee}j|| ucizkc g u‗| zf|gkfje& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj bg}|u lh}e ch| jrgejfu \liulc uh~j }j|gezj hl}i|| gu | ljfuj}&'

= 8)=‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




558<3 H |iLgH` |jLz}guw LH}e, 87<;

Ibbglgh` kirj}fajfu g||zj? {guc [hwfj‗| fhaj uw~je if b}ifu hmirj h ehuj ib ‐8!=>!<;‑ {cjf ucj lh}e {h| kgrjf ui ucj ucjf u{jfuw!fgfj wjh} iè?

|ug`` zf!~j}bi}huje {guc h uw~je hee}j|| fiugfk gf ~h}u ‐U}ja Lh}} Gfl&‑ Lh}} mjgfk ifj ib ucj li!bizfej}| ib Aifik}ha ^gluz}j| &

=‑ s < 8)5‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558<7 H |gkfje cifi`z`z ^ i`gLj ej^H}uajfu –cifi}H}w ajamj}‗ ge LH}e, Lg}LH 87:=

Bjhuz}gfk h m`hlo hfe {cguj ~ciuik}h~c ib [hwfj {guc cg| m`zj bizfuhgf ~jf gfo |gkfhuz}j if ucj ì{j} ah}kgf

lh}e `hagfhuje? `goj`w ~}j|jfuje ui [hwfj {cjf cj {h| gf Ch{hgg bgàgfk ‐Mgk Dga Al@hgf&‑

= 8)=‑ s 5‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>




5585> H u{gLj!|gkfje –egfi‗| ìekj‗ ajamj}|cg^ LH}e, 872=

[guc [hwfj‗| fhaj hfe lia~hfw _Mhudhl ^}iezlugif| Gfl&Q uw~je if b}ifu hmirj cg| m`zj bizfuhgf ~jf gfo |gkfhuz}j? ucj rj}|i eg|~`hw|

Ejhf Ah}ugf‗| m`zj bizfuhgf ~jf gfo |gkfhuz}j }jhegfk |ga~`w ‐Egfi‑ ucj i{fj} ib {chu {h| |z}j`w hf zf!ez`` fgkcul`zm&

= 8)=‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>






8>> Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55858 H –m}i{f ej}mw ‗ ajamj}|cg^ LH} e, 87::

[guc [hwfj‗| uw~je fhaj if b}ifu hfe ucj bhl|gag`j |gkfhuz}j ib bizfej}

]imj}u C& Limm _gfrjfui} ib ucj Limm \h`heQ ~}gfuje mjì{? jrgejfu`w h

‐l}jegu lh}e‑ g||zje bi} z|j hu ucj biz} egb bj}jfu ìlhugif| ib ucg| ai|u bhaiz|

Ci``w{iie }j|uhz}hfu lchgf&

=‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

5585= H k}iz^ ib ^j}|ifH`

mHuDHL mz|gfj|| LH}e|, 87;>H~~}isgahuj`w :>? ~}gfuje {guc Dicf [hwfj‗|

fhaj cg| lia~hfw‗| ìki ucj hee}j|| ib ‐7:;>

[g`|cg}j Miz`jrh}e \zguj 5>> ) Mjrj}`w Cg``|

Lh`gb& 7>=8=‑ hfe cg| eg}jlu uj`j~cifj fzamj}

ib ‐#=8<' =;3!73;>?‑ |ug`` ciz|je gf ucjg} i}gkgfh`

ifgif|ogf {}h~~gfk #ucizkc gu‗| ~h}ugh``w ui}f'&

8 <)5‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

5585< |gs z|L!}j`Huje ajamj}|cg^ LH}e|, 87:>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk biz} U}idhf L`zm lh}e| h`` ~}gfu je {guc [hwfj‗| fhaj if b}ifu

b}ia ucj wjh}| 87:5!87:: 8728!872= 87;8 hfe 87;;? ifj ^}j|gejfu‗|

Lg}l`j lh}e b}ia 8722!2;? hfe ifj –}jug}jajfu‗ lh}e ~}gfuje ‐^}ib Dicf

[hwfj‑ if b}ifu hfe fiugfk gu jfugu `j| cièj} ui ‐}jljgrj h`` |j}rglj| hfe

mjfjbgu| ezj h }jug}je ajamj} ib ucj zfgrj}|guw bhag`w‑ if mhlo&

= 8)=‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8>

55855 Hf –Haj}gLHf‗ ge LH}e, 87;>

Ujsu if b}ifu ib lh}e fiuj| ‐~}ize ui mj hf Haj}glhf‑ jami||je {guc

[hwfj‗| fhaj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc hee}j|| hfe ~}ibj||gif ujs u if mhlo g| ucj

^`jekj ib H``jkghflj? gfl`zeje g| ucj lh}e‗| i}gkgfh` mhlo gfk? `goj`w i}ej}je

b}ia h lhuhìkzj h| {h| [hwfj‗| chmgu&

=‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

5585: Hf Hee}j|| miio, Lg}LH 87;5

Jrgejfu`w iflj gf h |ah`` uc}jj!}gfk mgfej} fi{ ìi|j!`jhb uhm| b}ia H ui T {guc eitjf| ib ~hkj| ib uw~je fhaj| hee}j||j| hfe uj`j~cifj fzamj}| ib

[hwfj‗| bhag`w b}gjfe| hfe li``jhkzj| #h| {j`` h| ~`hlj| ib mz|gfj||' gfl`zegfk #gf h`~chmjuglh` i}ej}'4 Ucj Mh`mih Mhw L`zm ]ifh Mh}}juu @z|uj} Mhw`j||

Mhw|gej ^ch}ahlw Jekh} Mj}kjf K`jf Lha~mj`` Agùif Lhfgbb Dihf L}h{bi}e Mgfk L}i|mw Cjf}w Bifeh Kj}hè Bi}e Ah}w Bi}e T|h T|h Khmi} Lh}w K}hfuCjf}w Chuch{hw Ohuch}gfj Cj~mz}f ucj Ahoj!Z~ H}ug| u| Kzgè ]imj}u Agulcza ]glh}ei Aifuh`mhf Ahz}jjf I‗Ch}h ]ifhè ]jhkhf ucj \l}jjf Hlui}|

Kzgè Dz`j| \ujgf Dgaaw \uj{h}u ucj \uzfuajf‗| Kzgè Lcg`` [g``| Chfo [i}ejf hfe \ha Wi}uw haifk lizfu`j|| iucj}|? ahfw ib [hwfj‗| i{f chfe{}guujf

hffiuhugif| hfe z~ehuj| h~~jh} uc}izkcizu h| ei uci|j ib cg| |jl}juh}gj|? irj}h`` h bh|lgfhugfk k`ga~|j gfui [hwfj‗| ~}grhuj hfe ~zm`gl {i}è|&

7‑ s 2‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>



8>= Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55852 H Dicf {Hwfj Hfe Dicf bi}e |gkfje LcjLo, 8757

H lhflj`je lcjlo b}ia hf hllizfu cjè hu ucj \uzegi Lguw M}hflc ib Mhfo ib Haj}glh ehuje ‐\j~u& 8|u 8757‑

uw~je ui ‐D& Bi}e‑ gf ucj haizfu ib ‐%32&>>‑ |gkfje gf m`hlo bizfuhgf ~jf gfo mw [hwfj rj}|i jfei}|je gf

m`hlo bizfuhgf ~jf gfo ‐Dicf Bi}e?‑ h fglj h||ilghugif ~gjlj }j`huje ui ucj u{i Dicf|&

= 8)=‑ s : 8)=‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




5585; H Dicf bi}e cHfe{}guujf `ju uj}, 87:8

[}guujf gf ~jflg` if uc}jj |cjju| ib {cguj ~h~j} ui ‐Ezoj‑ ehuje ‐8)87):8 Oi}jh‑ h fj{|w `juuj} uizlcgfk if h bj{ egbbj}jfu |zmdjlu| {guc cgkc`gkc u| gfl`zegfk4 ‐&&&dz|

uiè aj wiz‗}j kigfk gfui ) gaajeghuj ~}iezlugif&&& ) Ci{ eij| ucg| liflj}f Xzgju Ahf9 ̂ `jh|j kgrj aj ) ucj ei~j‑ hfe ‐Ucg| g| h ~g||!~ii} {h}! ) jfzbb hmizu {h}‑

hfe ‐Ci{‗| iz} bhri}guj |cgu!cjhe ) Mife9 Kh{e ! ci{ G ag|| Jg}j‑ jfegfk {guc ‐Kgrj aw ìrj ui [h}e&&&) " uhoj h mgk |`glj bi} ) wiz}|j`b Dzfgi} lhz|j ) G‗a rj}w bife i

wiz ) Hbbjlugif ) Lihlc?‑ h k}jhu fiuj |ci{gfk ci{ lì|j ucj u{i {j}j ~}ibj||gifh``w hfe ~j}|ifh``w&

3‑ s :‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55853 H Dicf bi}e cHfe{}guujf `ju uj}, 87:<

^jffje gf m`zj bizfuhgf ~jf gfo if uc}jj ~hkj| ib |~jlgh` Aju}i!Kiè{wf!Ahwj} ‐Aikhami ^}iezlu gif‑ `juuj}cjhe ui ‐Ezoj‑ fiu ehuje mzu jgucj} 87:= i} 87:<

ahgf`w }jkh}egfk ucj ehw!ui!ehw kigfk|!if if ucj Hb} glhf |ju ib Bi}e‗| b gà ‐Aikhami‑ uchu |uh}}je L`h}o Khm`j K}hlj Oj``w hfe Hrh Kh}efj} mzu h`|i iucj} bzffw

|zmdjlu| `goj4 ‐Ci~j wiz chrj bzf {guc Mg`` ) [j`àhf ! k}jhu kzw ! uj`` cga ui ojj~ ) cg| mzfk!ci`j lirj}je ! gu cz} u| ! i~j}hugif| ) G ajhf?‑ hfe ‐B}hfo \& _\gfhu}h {ci

ahw chrj mjjf rg|gugfk {gbj Kh}efj} if ìlhu gifQ {jgkc| if`w 8=: ̀ m| mzu ) Khm`j |hw| =: ̀ m| ib uchu g| ~jloj}?‑ hfe ‐Ezoj ! G {g|c wiz h`` u cj ) ̀ zlo gf wiz} fj{ bgà&&&

) Azlc hbbjlugif?‑ `jbu zf|gkfje? jhlc ~hkj {guc h u{i!ci`j ~zflc ah}o if ucj ui~ ah}kgf|&

8> 8‗=‑ s 3‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



8>5 Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55857 H Dicf bi}e

|gkfje `juuj}, 87:;

Uw~je if u{i ~hkj| ib ~j}|ifh`gtje

|uhugifj}w ui ‐Ezoj‑ ehuje ‐Dhf&

=: 87:;‑ h |iaj{chu mh{ew `juuj}

uizlcgfk if h bj{ egbbj}jfu |zmdjlu|

{guc cgkc`gkcu| gfl`zegfk4 ‐]jajamj}

ucg| g| Dhlo |~jhogfk hfe wiz‗}j ) Ezoj&

Wiz‗}j ucj kzw uchu ahoj| liaaguajfu|! hu mh}| `zflc ) uhm`j| |ujha mhuc|

hg}~`hfj| Kji}kj#|' R Ciuj` hu Mhudhl

hu ) ]iahfibb‗| ! ic cj`` ucj `g|u g| uii

ìfk‑ hfe ‐&&&mz|w ahogfk ~h||j| hu )

wiz} {i~ ̀ jhegfk {iahf‑ _\i~cgh @i}jf

[hwfj‗| li!|uh} gf ‐@jkjfe ib ucj @i|u‑Q

hfe ‐G ci~j ucj}j h}j |iaj jxzj|u}ghf

) |uhuzj| gf Kchehaj| i} hu `jh|u h bj{

H}hm ci}|j| |i uchu {j ahw ) hee ui

iz} rh`zhm`j li``jlugif ib Mifeghfh‑

haifk iucj} lciglj mgu|? |gkfje gf k}jjf

bizfuhgf ~jf gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj}

‐Dhlo?‑ jhlc ~hkj {guc h u{i!ci`j ~zflc

ah}o if ucj ui~ ah}kgf|&

8> 8)=‑ s ; 8)=‑

jh4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

558:> H Dicf bi}e cHfe{}guujf `ju uj}, Lg}LH 87:3

[}guujf gf ~jflg` if miuc |gej| ib uc}jj ~hkj| ib Mhudhl `ju uj}cjhe ui ‐Ezoj‑ fiu ehuje h |h}lh|ugl fiuj hmizu h |fhbz gfri`rgfk [h}e Mife |hmiuhkgfk I}|if [j``j|bi} ucj `jhe }i`j ib ‐Ahwi} B}hfo \ojbbgfkuif‑ gf Bi}e‗| 87:3 bgà ‐Ucj @h|u Cz}}hc?‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&{j #Licf Bi}e jul' ahej ) ujfuhugrj h} }hfkjajfu {guc ) I}|if

[j``| _|glQ ― hf hlui} ib }j~zuj ) " |iaj eg|}j~zuj ― ui ~`hw ucj ) ~h}u ib \ojbbgfkuif&&&) Ucj bi`ì{gfk ai}fgfk A} ) Licf " A}& Ohchfj }jljgrje if ) ucjg} ej|o|

#aj||jfkj} |j}rglj' ) h czkj ~g`j ib eilzajfu| ) hmizu [j``#j'| Liaazfg|ugl i} |zm! ) rj}|grj hlugrgugj| #h``jkje'& ) Ucj|j {j}j |jfu mw hf hlui} {ci che |hge h`` irj}

ui{f ) uchu cj {h| ui ~`hw ucj ~h}u ) ― h [h}e Mife&‑ Bi}e lifugfzj| if {guc ‐&&&&wiz h`|i ) ofi{ aw gfujk}guw gf ahogfk bgà| " ) h`|i aw gejh| ib dz|uglj ― wiz ) h}j

fiu kzgùw zfug` ~}irjf |i ― ) #hfe ucj dz}w g| fiu fjlj||h}g`w ) [h}e Mife'&‑ Hbuj} h bj{ ai}j {i}e| if ucj |zmdjlu Bi}e jfe| ucj `juuj} lia~`hgfgfk uchu [j``j| egef‗u

ahoj h ajjugfk mjlhz|j ‐ucj ejh} ) miw che h |`gkcu bjrj} z~|ju jul ) \i bzlo cga ) Lihlc ) bzlo Mife uii?‑ irj}h`` h bzffw `juuj} j|~jlgh``w ofi{gfk ucj }i`j

jfeje z~ kigfk ui \~jflj} U}hlw& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj u i |jj gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




558:8 H Dicf bi}e gf|L}gmje aHkH tgfj, 8757

Ucj Dz`w =< 8757 g||zj ib –Ucj \huz}ehw Jrjfgfk î|u‗ ahkhtgfj bjhuz}gfk hf h} ugl`j |uh}u gfk

if ~hkj =: hmizu Dicf Bi}e mw B}hfo \& Fzkjfu _|l}jjf{}guj} bi} ahfw ib Bi}e‗| b gà|Q {guc

Bi}e‗| gf|l}g~ugif chfe{}gu ujf gf i}hfkj k}jh|j ~jflg` irj} ucj bg}|u ~hkj ib ucj h}u gl`j }jhegfk

‐Fzkjfu g| h `gh}( ) Aw bhri}guj ) hlui} ) g| ) B}je Ojffjew ) Dicf Bi}e‑ bz}ucj} |gkfje gf k}jjf

bizfuhgf ~jf gfo ‐[gufj||4 ^hu Bi}e‑ _Bi}e‗| |ifQ hfe ‐Jslj~ugif( B& Fzkjfu?‑ jrgejfu`w ucj

k}iz~ chrgfk |iaj bzf hfe [hwfj |hrgfk ucj jrgejflj ib gu& #^`jh|j fiuj ahkhtgfj ch| mjjf

bièje i~jf ui ucg| ~hkj bi} ejlhej| hfe ch| ifj ljfuj} l}jh|j ah}o&'

85‑ s 8>‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558:= u{i Dicf bi}e!}j` Huje uj`jk}Ha }jLjgû |, 87:>

Miuc bg`j li~gj| ib uj`jk}ha| uchu [hwfj |jfu ui Bi}e if u{i egb bj}jfu mg}ucehw|? ucj bg} |u h [j|uj}f Zfgif

eilzajfu ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w <> 87:8‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ejh} Lihlc4 L}g|g| irj}& Fi }ju}jhu ui cj`` bi} aj

) &&&Ch~~w mg}ucehw gf h`` ̀ hfkzhkj| )&&&@irj Ezoj?‑ ucj |jlife if h |cjju ib wj`ì{ li~w ~h~j} ehuje

‐Bjm}zh}w 87:5‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ejh} Lihlc4 ) Ucg| g| hf ga~i}uhfu ehuj gf aw `gbj mjlhz|j G‗a ai}j ) ib

h ahf bi} ofi{gfk h bj`ì{ {ci {h| mi}f if gu& ) Ch~~w Mg}ucehw ) Ezoj?‑ {guc h u{i!ci`j ~zflc ah}o if

ui~ ah}kgf? uizlcgfk eilzajfu| |ci{gfk ci{ ga~i}uhfu Bi}e {h| ui [hwfj&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %3>>!%8,=>>

558:< Hf gaî}uHfu b g`j Li^w `j uuj} ui Dicf bi}e, 87::

[hwfj‗| wj̀ ì{ lh}mif li~w ib ucj i}gkgfh` uw~je `juuj} cj |jfu ui ‐^h~~w‑ ehuje ‐Fir& =3

87::‑ }jkh}egfk [hwfj‗| bjj`gfk| hmizu ‐Ucj \jh}lcj}|‑ hfe cg| ejlg|gif u i lì|j ei{f cg|

[hwfj!Bj`ì{| ^}iezlugif Lia~hfw? }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Bg}|u4 G ucgfo ‐Ucj \jh}lcj}|‑ g| dz|u

~`hgf {ifej}bz`‑ ucjf lchfkgfk ucj |zmdjlu ui cg| zfch~~gfj|| {guc Mim Bj`ì{| _‐G bgfe cga

gflia~jujfu jrjf {cjf cj‗| u}wgfk‑ Q hfe cg| zflj}uhgf`w hmizu Mim Ai}}g|if _cg| m}iucj}Q

hfe Hfew Al@hk`jf #‐#G‗rj' airje ucja z~ bh|uj} uchf G |cizè chrj‐'& [hwfj jfe| mw liagfk

mhlo ui ‐Ucj \jh}lcj}|‑ ― ahgf`w hmizu gu| az|gl {cglc cj g| |iaj{chu lifb`glu je hmizu mzu

cj bgfg|cj| if hf z~mjhu fiuj4 ‐Gu‗| dz|u h {ifej}bz` ~gluz}j& Wiz kiu k}jhu ) ~j} bi}ahflj| izu

ib jrj}wifj hfe gu ch| h }h{ m}zuh`fj|| ) {gucizu hfw ~juugfj|| i} ajhffj||& ) H`` G lhf |hw

g| ! Uchfo| hkhgf Lihlc& ) Wiz} jrj}ìrgfk?‑ irj}h`` |iaj g``zagfhugfk gf|gkcu| gfui [hwfj‗|

ucizkcu| if ifj ib cg| ai|u bhaiz| b gà|&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




558:5 H Dicf bi}e Lj}ugbgLHuj, 8727

^}j|jfuje ui Bi}e mw ucj Mih}e ib Eg}jlui} | ib ^juj} Uh}j Gfl& bi} ‐Cifi}h}w

Ajamj}|cg~‑ if ‐88uc ehw ib \j~ujamj} 8727?‑ ~i||gm`w kgbuje ui [hwfj mw

Bi}e‗| {gei{ i} ahwmj mw Bi}e cga|j`b&

B}haje4 7‑ s 8=‑

jh4 %2>>!%3>>

558:: H Dicf bi}e cHu, 87:>

Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf ahej ib m}i{f bjù m}i{f }gmmif chumhfe mw Rh`jfugfj

ucj Chuuj} ib @i| Hfkj`j| gf|gej |uha~je ‐Ahej j|~jlgh``w bi} ) Dicf Bi}e

) Ci``w{iie Lh`gb?‑ jrgejfu`w oj~u mw [hwfj h| h |izrjfg} ib cg| ajfui}&

#^`jh|j fiuj ucg| chu ch| h bj{ aiuc ci`j|&'

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

558:2 H Dicf bi}e ^}gfu, 87;>

Ej~glugfk ucj eg}jlui} `gkcugfk h lgkh} l}jhuje mw B}je [g``gha| {guc h D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}? b} ia [hwfj‗| ibbglj gf ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 =8‑ s 8;‑‗ [i}o If`w4 85‑ s 88‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

558:; ucj –Dicf bi}e ajai}gH`

ajeH``gif‗ H{H}e, 87;3

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Zuhc Z&\&

Bgà Bj|ugrh`& #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| ~gjlj g| h

ej|oui~ eg|~`hw hfe eij| fiu kju czfk if h

{h`` h| gu {jgkc| h~~}isgahuj`w 5> ~izfe|&'

7‑s 8:‑ s <‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




558:3 H b g}|u jegu gif ib ‐u cj |jH}Lcj}|‑

Ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw H`hf @j Ahw ~}gfuje gf 87:5 Ch}~j} " M}iucj}| ^zm`g|cj}| Li~w}gkcu

mw Lz}ug| ^zm`g|cgfk Lia~hfw? {guc h D[ m`gfe |uha~? ucj miio uchu [hwfj }jhe mjbi}j uhogfk if cg|

l`h||gl }i`j ib ‐Juchf Je{h}e|‑ #ucizkc ucj lch}hluj} {h| fhaje ‐Hai| Je{h}e|‑ gf ucj firj`'&

3 8)=‑ s : 8)=‑ s 8‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

558:7 H b g}|u jegu gif ib ‐u }zj k}gu‑

Ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Lch}`j| î}ug| ~}gfuje gf 8723 \gaif hfe \lcz|uj} ^zm`g|cj}| {guc

hf i{fj}|cg~ |gkfhuz}j gf ~jflg` if ucj b}ifu b}jj jfe~h~j} }jhegfk ‐^g`h} [hwfj?‑ {guc h D[ m`gfe

|uha~? ucj miio uchu [hwfj #hfe jrgejfu`w cg| {gbj' }jhe mjbi}j uhogfk if cg| I|lh}!{gffgfk }i`j ib

‐]ii|uj} Likmz}f&‑

3‑ s :‑ s 8‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

5582> H miio |gkfje mw L`Hg}j u}j Ri}

Ugu`je ‐Dicf Bi}e‗| \uhkjlihlc \uh}}gfk Dicf [hwfj‑ ch}elirj} mw ]glch}e D& Hfimg`j ~zm`g|cje gf

87;: |gkfje if ucj b}ifu b} jj jfe ~hkj gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo mw ucj li!|uh} ib ucj bgà #hfe [hwfj‗|

kiie b}gjfe'? {guc h D[ m`gfe |uha~&

88‑ s 7‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>




55828 H czagei}

Ahej ib {h`fzu |uhgfje gf h |chej i b hamj} ui~ ib cgfkje lirj} g| lh} rje ‐ Dicf [hwfj‑ gf|gej `ge }jhe|

‐Uhmhlh`j}h ) Ucj B gfj|u Lgkh}| |gflj 8338 ) Chfe Ahej 8>>* Uimhlli‑ k}jjf bjù if miuuia&

7‑ s 88‑ s 5‑

jh4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>




5582= H |aH`` m}Hfegfk g}if, 872>

H ajuh` }ie {guc ucj gfgugh`| ‐ D[‑ hu ucj jfe? hbb gsje ui h {iiejf chfe`j? z|je hu [hwfj‗| –=2 Mh}

]hflc‗ gf Lh|h K}hfej H}gtifh {cj}j cj }hg|je lhuu`j b}ia ucj jh}`w 872>| zfug` cg| ejhuc&

@jfkuc4 8=‑

jh4 %:>>!%::>

5582< u{i Lz^|, 872>

Miuc |g`rj}!~`huje? ucj bg}|u |ah`` {guc uc

b}ifu jfk}hrje ‐D[?‑ ucj |jlife h |ujgf

{guc ucj b}ifu jfk}hrje ‐Ezoj&‑

:‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55825 H kgbu }j` Huje ui ‐m}HffgkHf‑

Zfguje H}ug|u | 87;:& H ~i}lj`hgf ]iwh` Eizùif bgkz}gfj gf ucj b i}a ib hf Jfk`g|c mz`èik e}h~je gf h Zfgif

Dhlo? h lh}emih}e |gkf chfk| h}izfe ucj ~z~‗| fjlo }jhegfk ‐B}ia ucj Zfgu hfe L}j{ ) ib ) –M}hffgkhf‗ )

87;5‑ [hwfj‗| bgà uchu {h| |ciu if ìlhugif gf @ifeif? gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gf uje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucg|

~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ib bglj& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj}j h}j h b j{ lcg~| hfe fglo| if eik&'

2‑ s 7‑ s 5‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>




5582: H Libbjj azk b}ia ‐ucj |ciiu g|u‑

^h}haizfu 87;2& Ahej ib lj}hagl b}ifu ch| gahkj ib [hwfj h| ‐D&M& Miio|‑ hfe bgà u gu`j mhlo ch|

ujsu }jhegfk ‐]glo ) b}ia ) Ezoj‑ miuuia g| |uha~je ‐Ojulcza I}gkgfh`| ) 88>: @ifk Mjhlc M`re&

) @ifk Mjhlc Lh`& 7>38<?‑ kgbuje mw [hwfj ui ]glo @jft mzu gu {h| }juz}fje ui |jfej} bi} hee}j||

zfofi{f? |ug`` gf i}gkgfh` |cg~~gfk mis&

Cjgkcu4 < 8)=‑

jh4 %:>>!%::>

55822 H kzLLg ej|o |ju, 872>

Biz} ahulcgfk ~gjlj| h`` ahej ib uhf `jhucj}

gfl`zegfk4 h ej|o ~he {guc ejli}hugrj {iiejf

cgfkj| |i gu lhf i~jf? hf gfo mìuuj} {guc h{iiejf chfe`j? h }jluhfkz`h} u}hw {guc h k`h||

gf`hw? hfe h ~jflg` lz~ {guc h |uj}`gfk |g`rj}

miuuia #ej|gkfje ui |gaz`huj ucj {iiejf ~h}u|

ib ucj ~he hfe mìuuj}'? uc}jj ib ucj biz} h}j

|uha~je ‐Kzllg‑ #mìuuj} g| fiu mzu g| imrgiz|`w

~h}u ib |haj |ju'? h`` gf {i}f lifegugif h|

[hwfj z|je ucj|j if cg| ej|o&

^he4 85‑ s =>‑ {cjf lì|je? }j|u ib guja|

|ah``j}

jh4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

5582; H m}gjbLH |j, 87;>

Ahej ib uhf `jhucj} {guc h liamgfhugif ìlo aifik}ha jami||je gf kiè if ui~ }jhe| ‐D[‑ gf|gej

lifujfu| h}j h| [hwfj `jbu ucja gfl`zegfk4 h `g|u chfe{}gu ujf mw cga gf }je mh``~igfu gfo ib ‐@ilhugif

\z~~`gj|‑ _bi} h u}g~ ui Jfk`hfe }j`huje ui ‐Dij Mhuu`j‑Q h uw~je li~w ib |haj `g|u hzuik}h~c lh}e|

|ugloj}| hfe h bj{ iucj} guja|&

8<‑ s 83‑ s <‑

jh4 %2>>!%3>>




55823 Hf iRj}fgkcu mHk, 87:>

Ahej ib m}i{f `jhucj} gf hf imìfk |ch~j {guc h tg~ miuuia bi} js~hf|gif ahoj}‗| |uha~ ifui~ }jhe| ‐Ah}o L}i|| ) Guh` w‑ jami||je gf kiè if b}ifu ‐Ezoj‑ {guc h ~`h|ugl uhk hbbgsje ui

chfe`j {guc ifj ib [hwfj‗| hzuik}h~c lh}e| gf|gej&

87‑ s 8<‑ s 2‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

55827 H |aH`` u}HRj` u}zfo, 872>!87;>

Ahej ib {iie {guc h cgfkje `ge hfe u {i ajuh` chfe`j| if jgucj} |gej ~hgfuje

lhfh}w wj`ì{ |ujflg`gfk if b}ifu }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj ) ̂ j}|ifh`‑ hfe if ui~

‐D& [hwfj ) ̂ j}|ifh`‑ #ucizkc ~h}u gh``w im|lz}je' {guc fzaj}iz| –Dicf [hwfj‗

}juz}f hee}j|| `hmj`| hfe lz|uia| |uha~| irj} jfug}j |z}bhlj |ah`` chfe{}guujf

|ugloj} if ui~ }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj ) M}jhucgfk Ahlcgfj?‑ u}zfo jrgejfu`w {j``!

u}hrj`je h| gu u}hf|~i} uje hf ga~i}uhfu guja& #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| ~gjlj |ci{| |gkf|

ib cjhrw {jh}&'

88‑ s 83 8)= s 83‑

jh4 %;>>!%7>>

558;> biz} {iiejf u}zfo|, 87:>

H`` ~hgfuje m`zj? {guc ifj |ujflg`je gf {cguj ~hgfu ‐Mhudhl

^}iezlugif|‑ _[hwfj‗| bgà ~}iezlugif lia~hfwQ if ucj

b}ifu hfe ui~ |gej|? hfiucj} ifj |ujflg`je gf wj`ì{ ‐Z\

^}i~j}uw‑ if ui~ if`w? |cg~~gfk `hmj`| hfe iucj} |ugloj}|

hbbgsje ui jhlc ifj& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj|j u}zfo| h}j fi{ gf

~ii} lifegugif hfe |ci{ |gkf| ib cjhrw {jh} hfe z|j&'

<=‑ s 8=‑ 82‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,=>>




558;8 H –}je }gRj} e‗ mjù, 87:>

H |uj}`gfk |g`rj} mzlo`j {guc h –}i~j‗ u}ga {guc 85o kiè ejuhg`| }jhegfk ‐]je E ]grj}‑ hfe ‐D[‑ ~`z| u{i {hrw `gfj| hfe h ugfw

|ujj} cjhe? mjù ahej ib m`hlo `jhucj} gf|gej `gfgfk jami||je ‐\w Ejri}j‑ |gtj 5= {guc jrgejfu cjhrw {jh}&

Mzlo`j4 8‑ s = 8‗=‑

Ucg| g| h |ah``j} rj}|gif ib [hwfj‗| bhaiz| –]je ]grj} E‗ mjù mzlo`j {cj}j ucj ej|gkf {h| mh|je if ucj lhuu`j m}hfe cg| lch}hluj}

‐Uciah| Ezf|if‑ z|je gf ucj 8753 Zfguje H}ug|u| bgà ‐]je ]grj}&‑ [hwfj {i}j ucj mgkkj} mzlo`j gf lizfu`j|| bgà| hfe oj~u gu bi} ucj

}jahgfej} ib cg| `gbj& Hbuj} cg| ejhuc gu {h| |ui`jf hfe ch| fiu |z}bhlje |gflj& Cj {i}j ucg| |ah``j} mzlo`j gf cg| ~j}|ifh` `gbj&

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558;= Hf –H`Hai‗ mjù, 872>

H uhf `jhucj} mzlo`j bjhuz}gfk h chfe!uii`je gahkj ib ucj

H`hai? mjù ahej ib |haj uhf ̀ jhucj} |gtj 5= {guc jrgejfu

cjhrw {jh}&

Mzlo`j4 = 8)5‑ s < 8)5‑

jh4 %:>>!%::>

558;< H ^Hg} ib 85o kiè –H`Hai‗ Lzb b`gfo| , 872>

Ej|gkfje {guc hf gahkj ib ucj H`hai {guc u{i eghaife!|uzeeje |uh}| hmirj hfe ujsu mjì{ }jhegfk ‐\hf Hfuifgi Ujsh|‑ mhlo jfk}hrje ‐]jajamj} ucj H`hai

) Ui Dicf –Ezoj‗ [hwfj ) B}ia Cj} utmj}k‗| \gflj 83;3?‑ jrgejfu`w kgbuje ui [hwfj mw h ìlh` dj{j`j} {cjf cj {h| ucj}j ahogfk cg| 872> bgà ‐Ucj H`hai&‑

<)5‑ s 8‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




558;5 H 8=o kiè Hfe

|uj}`gfk |g`Rj} mic`gf

mjù mzLo`j }j`Huje ui

‐ucj Li{miw|,‑ 87;8

[guc kiè –}i~j‗ ejuhg`gfk hfe kiè gf`hw|

}jhegfk ‐Li{ Miw| ) D[ ) \B ) A] )

87;8‑ _–\B‗ `goj`w bi} \hfuh Bj {cj}j ucjairgj {h| bgàje –A]‑ bi} eg}jlui} Ah}o

]wej``Q mhlo g| |uha~je ‐Mic`gfahej

) Ci``w{iie ) Lh`gb& ) \uj}`gfk ) 8=!O‑

_Je{h}e C& Mic`gf bhaiz| |hee`jahoj}

hfe |g`rj}|aguc ui Ci``w{iie |uh} |Q&

=‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

558;: H –ezoj‗ mjù, 87;3

H |uj}`gfk |g`rj} hfe ajuh` mzlo `j bjhuz}gfk h 85O kiè gahkj

ib [hwfj hfe cg| gfgugh`| {guc jfk}hrgfk mjì{ }jhegfk ‐Dicf

[hwfj 87;3‑ mhlo g| bz}ucj} jfk}hrje ‐\uj}`gfk Kiè 85O )

^cg`g~ O}hltoi{|og?‑ mjù g| m}i{f `jhucj} chfe!uii`je {guc

bì{j}| gf`hge {guc |uj}`gfk |g`rj} `juuj}| }jhegfk ‐Ezoj‑ ~`z|

u{i |uh}| jfk}hrje ‐\cj}gbb Khuj|‑ hfe ‐87;3?‑ |gtj 58 {guc

fi {jh} {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w | ugloj}&

Mzlo`j4 <‑ s 5‑

jh4 %3>>!%8,=>>

558;2 H mjù mzLo`j b}ia ‐m} HffgkHf‑

Zfguje H}ug|u | 87;:& Ahej ib m}h|| bjhuz} gfk hf gahkj ib Ui{j} M}gekj #gf @ifeif' gf mju{jjf ucj bgà‗| ugu`j hfe |uh} ‗| fhaj hìfk {guc iucj} }j`jrhfu gfbi}ahugif

hmizu ucj ~}iezlugif mhlo ch| ~`hlh}e }jhegfk ‐Lz|uia Ahej ) Mzlo`j bi} ) [hwfj @jrw " Kh}efj}&&& ) Ahej gf Jfk`hfe‑ _Dz`j| R& @jrw hfe H}ucz} Kh}efj}

li!~}iezlj}| i b ucj bgàQ fjsu ui [hwfj‗| bhl|gag`j |gkfhuz}j? z|je gf ucj i~jfgfk l}jegu| ib ucj bgà {cj}j gu lhf mj |jjf fjsu ui h chfe kzf h| u cj ~}iezlj}|‗ fhaj|

h}j |ci{f? {guc gu| i}gkgfh` lh|j&

<‑ s 5‑

jh4 %2>>!%3>>




558;; H `H}kj fjje`jîgfu ^g`ì{, Lg}LH 87;:

]jfej}je gf |chej| ib ah}iif kiè hfe wj`ì{ b}ifu }jhe| ‐AlX ) Ezoj ) M}hffgkhf‑

{guc `h}kj wh}f uh||j`| if h`` biz} li}fj}| ah}iif rjìz} mhlogfk? `goj`w kgbuje ui [hwfj mw

|iajifj h||ilghuje {guc miuc bgà|&

8;‑ s 87‑ s <‑

jh4 %:>>!%::>

558;3 H |uj}`gfk |g`Rj} mis, 872:

[guc h ejli}hugrj `ge }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj

) EGL ) 872:‑ miuuia |uha~je ‐L& Mi`j} )

\uj}`gfk ) >&7=:)8>>> gf|gej `gfje gf {iie&

5‑ s 2‑ s 8 8)=‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

558;7 H 85o kiè –ezoj‗ m}HLj`ju, 8727

[guc h cjhrw lz}m lchgf mìlo `juuj}| }jhe‐Ezoj‑ jfk}hrje if |gej ‐Ucj Zfejbjhuje ) Ez}hfki Eki 8727?‑ ̀ goj`w kgbuje ui [hwfj mw |iajifj h||ilghuje {guc ucj b gà&

@jfkuc4 3‑

jh4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>




5583> H 85o kiè aifik}Ha }gfk, 87:>

Bi}aje {guc ucj gfgugh`| ‐D[&‑

\gtj4 8<

jh4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55838 H 85o kiè aifik}Ha mjù mzLo`j, 87:>

]jluhfkz`h} {guc h bhflw ‐D[‑ gf ucj ljfuj} j`hmi}huj jfk}hrgfk| if jfu g}j ~gjlj&

8 8)=‑ s = 8)5‑

jh4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>




5583= Hf 83o kiè }i`js Lj` `gfg ogfk ageH| gfujk}H` m}HLj`j u {}g|u{HuLc, Lg}LH 872;

Ucj Lh|j4 =3aa }jbj}jflj ,72<> #Fi& ::;'? |ugloj} |ug`` gf ~`hlj? Egh`4 |i`ge kiè {guc kiè ‐Mhuif‑ chfe| |h~~cg}j l}w| uh`?

Airjajfu4 ahfzh` {gfe? M}hlj`ju4 83O kiè gfujk}h` {guc ej~ìwhfu mzlo`j? K}i|| {jgkcu4 87<&: k}ha|? {i}ogfk i}ej} fi u ofi{f&

@jfkuc4 H~~}isgahuj`w 3‑

Juchf [hwfj }jajamj}| cg| ehe {jh}gfk ucg| {hulc gf ucj ̀ huj 872>|&

jh4 %2,>>>!%3,>>>

5583< H 85o kiè aifj w L`g^, 87:>

Gf ucj bi}a ib h ci}|j|cij {guc h ci} |j cjhe gf ucj

ljfuj} mhlo jfk}hrje ‐D& Kjj( [&‑ {guc gu| i}gkgfh`

mis&8 8)=‑ s 8 8)=‑

jh4 %;>>!%7>>




55835 H 85o kiè –uj sH| ìfkci}f‗ ^jfeHfu, 872>

[guc }je |uifj jwj| hfe h eghaife if ucj }gkcu ci}f? `goj`w kgbuje ui [hwfj

mjlhz|j cj i{fje ucj –=2 Mh} ]hflc‗ gf Lh|h K}hfej H}gtifh {cj}j cj

}hg|je lhuu`j&

@jfkuc4 =‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

5583: uc}jj ^Hg}| ib 85o kiè Lzbb`gfo|, 872>

Ucj bg}|u {guc hf gf`hge gahkj ib ucj Haj}glhf b`hk? ucj |jlife {guc gf`hge m`hlo hfe {cguj |uifj bi}agfk hf jwj

#ifj |ci{| \liulc uh~j }j~hg} {i}o'? ucj ucg}e gf ucj bi}a ib h uig`ju `ge jfk}hrje ‐Ui~| ) Bi} ) Miu uia|&‑

Rh}giz| \gtj|

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55832 H bzff w {}g|u {HuLc, 87:>

[guc h |xzh}j bhlj }jhegfk ‐Ezoj‑ hfe jhlc ah}ogfk }jhegfk ‐: Â‑ {guc h uhf

`jhucj} {hulc mhfe uchu h~~jh}| {j`` {i}f&

@jfkuc4 7‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

5583; H |ju ib

^}j|jfuHugif

|^z}|, 87;>

Ahej ib |g`rj}!liì}je ajuh`

{guc h m}h|| ~`hlh}e if jhlc

ifj jfk}hrje ‐Ezoj‑ gf|gej ib

jhlc |uha~je ‐Fjgahf Ah}lz|‑

ciz|je gf ucjg} i}gkgfh` {iiejf

mis {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |u gloj}&

H~~}isgahuj`w4 = 8)=‑ s 5‑

jh4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>




55833 jgkcu |cj}gbb mHekj|, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ugf ifj }jhegfk ‐Ej~zuw \cj}gbb‑ =' h |g`rj} ajuh` ifj } jhegfk ‐[gflcj|uj}

Az|jza ) Liew [wiagfk ) Ejeglhugif Dz`w 5 87;2?‑ <' h kiè ajuh` ifj }jhegfk ‐Ej~zuw

\cj}gbb ) Oj}f Lizfuw ) Lh`gbi}fgh ) <<=?‑ 5' h |g`rj} ajuh` ifj }jhegfk ‐Ej~zuw \cj}gbb ) Ch}}g| Lizfuw ) Ujsh| ) Dicf [hwfj?‑ :' h kiè ajuh` aifjw l`g~ }jhegfk ‐Ej~zuw

Ah}|ch` ) \c}jrj~i}u ) @H?‑ 2' h |g`rj} ajuh` ifj }jhegfk ‐Ej~zuw \cj}gbb ) ^guogf Lizfuw )

Liì}hei?‑ ;' h kiè ajuh` ifj }jhegfk ‐\cj}gbb ) ^juj ^gulcj||?‑ hfe 3' h kiè ajuh` ifj

}jhegfk ‐Ej~zuw \cj}gb b ) J` ^h|i Lizfuw ) Ujsh|&‑

@h}kj|u4 <‑ s <‑

jh4 %2>>!%3>>

55837 u{i ^gjLj| ib |`jj^{jH}, 87;>

Ucj bg}|u h }imj ahej ib m`zj uj}}wlìuc mw Jf}i |gtj S@ {guc u{i b}ifu ~iloju| z~~j} }gkcu

|gej |ugulcje gf {cguj ‐Ezoj‑ {guc h ahulcgfk |j`b mjù? ucj |jlife h fgkcu |cg} u ahej ib }je

b`hffj` mw [jèif {guc uc}jj b`h~ ~iloju| if ucj `jbu m}jh|u |u gulcje {guc ‐Wj|‑ ‐Fi‑ hfe

‐Ahwmj&‑

jh4 %2>>!%3>>

5587> uc}jj ^Hg}| ib kzLLg |cij|, 872> !87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~hg} ib m}i{f |zjej ìhbj}| {guc kiè ajuh` ejuhg`

if ui~ |gtj 5:? =' h ~hg} ib m}i{f `jhucj} hfo`j miiu | {guc h |gej

mzlo`j lì|z}j? hfe <' h ~hg} ib li}eirhf `jhucj} ìhbj}| {guc

kiè ajuh` ejuhg` if ui~? h`` ah}oje ‐Kzllg‑ jgucj} if gf|gej i}

if |i`j? h`` {guc jrgejfu {jh}&

jh4 %:>>!%;>>




55878 Hf iHo ej|o, 87:>

Jfi}aiz| hfe uhm`j!`goj gf h~~jh}hflj {guc u{i b}ifu hfe ifj ~jflg` e}h{j}| ejli}hu grj }hg`gfk if ui~ `jbu hfe }gkcu |gej| `jhucj} ui~ uz}fje `jk|? b}ia [hwfj‗|

ibbglj gf miuc cg| Jflgfi hfe Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj|? z|je mw cga if h ehg`w mh|g| h| cg| {i}o ej|o? gfl`zeje {guc h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucj ej|o gf |guz&

5=‑ s ;5‑ s <=‑

jh4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55878

55>:;55<>=5587<

5587:

55><: 55:7:

55=75

5587= 55=77

Dicf [hwfj‗| ibbglj gf cg| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

@iu| |ci{f gf ~ciuik}h~c&



8=> Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

5587= H –miRgfj‗ ej |o `Ha^, 872>

Ahej ib lj}hagl gf ucj bi}a ib h }j|ugfk li{ hui~ hf irh` ~hgfuje {iiejf mh|j {guc h uhf!liì}je

ujsuz}je bhm}gl `ha~|chej {i}ogfk lifegugif zfofi{f? z|je mw [hwfj h| h ej|o `ha~ gf miuc cg|

Jflgfi hfe Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj| bi} ahfw wjh}|? gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfu je liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucg|

~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibb glj& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj li{ g| fiu huuhlcje ui ucj mh|j hfe

fjje| ui mj chfe`je {guc lh}j&'

Cjgkcu4 =7‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

5587< H ^}gfu, 872>

Mh|je if h ~hgfugfk mw B}jej}gl ]jagfkuif ej~glugfk h li{miw if

ci}|jmhlo h| cj |ciiu| cg| kzf? gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj

|ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ib bglj&

B}haje4 =<‑ s <8‑? [i}o If`w4 82‑ s =5‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

55875 H |^jLgH` –mgLjfujffgH`‗

Haj}gLHf b`Hk, 87;2

Ahej ib liuuif ifj ib ucg}ujjf b`hk| u chu {h| bì{f

irj} ucj Zfguje \uhuj| Lh~gui` mzgègfk if Dz`w 5

87;2? `huj} kgrjf ui [hwfj {ci {h| riuje ifj ib ucj

ucg}ujjf Haj}glhf| ui }jljgrj ifj ib ucj|j ucg}u jjf

b`hk| mw ucj 273uc Zfguje \uhuj| H}aw ]j|j}rj ib

B}jej}glo Ah}w`hfe& #Ucj iucj}| gfl`zeje Mim Ci~j

]iw Hlzbb Ohuj \aguc @i}juuh @wff Dj||j I{jf|

Dicffw Lh|c Dij @izg| hfe Uje [g``gha| haifk biz}

iucj}|&' H`|i gfl`zeje h}j uc}jj iucj} Haj}glhf b`hk|

i{fje hfe z|je mw [hwfj ~`z| ~h~j}{i}o }j`hugfk

ui ucj Mgljfujffgh` ifj& ^`jh|j fiuj uc}jj ib u cj biz}

b`hk| h}j fi{ gf {i}f uhuuj}je hfe ~ii} lifegu gif&'

<8‑ s :2‑ hfe iucj} |gtj|

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8=

5587: H |aH`` ` gmj}u w mj`` }j^`gLH, 8727

Ahej ib lh|u g}if aizfuje ui h {iiejf mh|j ~`hlh}e

if b}ifu fiuj| ~gjlj {h| lh|u hu u cj [cgujlch~j` Mj``

Bizfe}w gf @ifeif ~`hlh}e if mhlo }jhe| ‐Ahw iz}

Fhugif ibbj} –@gmj}uw hfe Dz|uglj‗ ) h| ìfk h| wiz

|ch`` }gfk& ) Dicf [hwfj?‑ hllia~hfgje mw h k}iz~ ib

~h~j}{i}o b}ia 8727 }j`hugfk ui [hwfj‗| i}ej} ib ucg|

~gjlj gfl`zegfk ucj bi}a {cj}j cj chfe{}iuj gf m`zjmh``~igfu gfo cg| hmirj xziuj {cglc h~~jh}| if ucg| mj``&

H`|i gfl`zeje h}j u{i zf}j`huje h{h}e|4 miuc gf ucj

|ch~j ib agfghuz}j @gmj}uw Mj``| ucj bg}|u ifj b} ia ucj

Z&\& \hrgfk| Mife ̂ }ik}ha 872;? ucj |jlife ifj b}ia

Ahwi} B}hfo @& ]gtti _ib ̂ cg`hej`~cgh ̂ HQ 87;7? gfl`zeje

g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucj mj`` gf |guz gf

[hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj&

H~~}isgahuj`w4 85‑ s 8>‑ s 8>‑? \ah``j} Ifj|4 3‑ s :‑ s 5‑

jh4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55872 H ^j}|ifH`gtje fHRHDi }zk, 872>

Ahej ib {ii` {guc h u}hegu gifh` ~huuj}f gf czj| ib wj`ì{ m`hlo mjgkj hfe

}z|uw!i}hfkj miuc |gej mi}ej}| }jhe ‐Dicf [hwfj ) Ezoj‑ wj`ì{ hfe m`hlo

wh}f uh||j`| if h`` biz} li}fj}|&

<=‑ s :3‑

jh4 %3>>!%8,=>>

5587; H Li``jLugif ib }iLo|

Hfe agfj}H`|, 87:>!87;>

Irj} 8>> ~gjlj|? bizfe mizkcu hfe)i}

li``jluje mw [hwfj bi} ai|u ib cg| hezù

`gbj? h rh}gje hfe liì}bz` h||i}uajfu

gfl`zegfk }ilo| agfj}h`| l}w|uh`|

li~~j} ah}m`j li}h` hfe iucj} i}khfgl

ahuj}gh`|? h bj{ |~jlgajf| chrj uw~je

`hmj`| gfeglhugfk {cj}j ucj ~gjlj {h|

b}ia? gfl`zeje g| h 87;> miio ugu `je

‐^}i|~jlugfk bi} Kja|uifj| hfe Agfj}h`|‑

{guc h ~ciuili~gje `juuj} bièje gf|gej

{}guujf mw [hwfj ― ehuje ‐Dzfj 2 872;‑

gu }jhe| gf ~h}u ‐&&&G ha |i}}w ui |hw uchu hu

ucg| ugaj G chrj ) fi gfuj}j|u gf hlxzg}gfk

heegugifh` }ilo| ) h| G h`}jhew chrj ai}j

uchf G chrj }iia ) bi}&&&‑ #^`jh|j fiuj

|iaj ib ucj|j ~gjlj| h}j b}hkg`j hfe

lcg~~je hfe chrj |z|uhgfje ehahkj irj}

ucj wjh}|&'

Rh}giz| \gtj|

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If`w h ~i}ugif ib ucj li``jlugif g| g``z|u}huje cj}j&



8== Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8=

55873 H {j|uj}f |Hee`j Hfe |uHfe, 872>

Lz|uia ahej bi} [hwfj bi} miuc cg| ~}ibj||gifh` hfe ~}grhuj z|j? }jfej}je gf cgkc xzh`guw

m}i{f `jhucj} chfe!|ugulcje ejuhg`gfk if |jhu {guc h ‐D[‑ aifik}ha jami||je if

mhlo ib lhfu`j liflci| {guc `jhucj} uh||j`| if b}ifu hfe mhlo }i~j hbbgsje ui }gkcu |gej

ejli}hugrj }i~j mjù hbbgsje ui b}ifu jgucj} bjfej} |uha~je ‐Liì}hei \hee`j}w ) Ejfrj}?‑

h~~jh}gfk ui mj {j``!z|je? gfl`zeje {guc gu| lz|uia eh}o!|uhgfje {iiejf eg|~`hw |uhfe&

\hee`j4 =2‑ s =8‑ s 8;‑? \uhfe4 <7‑ s <8‑ s 87‑

^hu}glo [hwfj }j`hw| ucj bi`ì{gfk |ui}w hmizu ucg| |hee`j4

‐ Gf 8725 aw ehe {h| airgfk b}ia Jflgfi ei{f ui Fj{~i}u Mjhlc& Ucj airj}| {j}j hu

cg| ciz|j h| {h| G hfe aw ehe {h| liflj}fje uchu cg| bhri}guj |hee`j {izè kju ì|u gf ucj

|czbb`j& Cj h|oje aj ui ciè if ui gu bi} cga {cglc G ege mw uhogfk gu ui aw ciz|j&

Hmizu h wjh} `huj} aw ehe {h| kjuugfk }jhew ui ahoj hfiucj} [j|uj}f hfe cj bi}kiu uchu

cj che kgrjf aj cg| |hee`j bi} |hbjojj~gfk& \gflj cj lizèf‗u bgfe gu cj che hfiucj} ifjahej #ucj ifj uchu g| fi{ mjgfk ibbj}je gf ucg| ìu'& H bj{ wjh}| hbuj} ucg| fj{ |hee`j {h|

ahej aw ehe h|oje aj gb G che cg| i}gkgfh` ifj& G |hge ‐Wj| wiz h|oje aj ui ciè if ui gu&‑

Cj uiè aj cj che mjjf ìiogfk bi} gu hfe {hfuje gu mhlo |i {j ahej h u}hej ― G } juz}fje

cg| i}gkgfh` |hee`j hfe cj khrj aj ucg| fj{j} ifj&

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ucg| |jlife |hee`j gf h bj{ [j|uj}f| gf ucj gaajeghuj wjh}| hbuj} cj airje ui Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc mjbi}j G khrj cg| i}gkgfh` ifj mhlo ui cga mzu G‗a fiu lj}uhgf& G ei ofi{ uchu cj

`goje ucg| |hee`j jfizkc ui chrj u{i ahej(‑ jh4 %5>,>>>!%2>,>>>



8=5 Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55877 H |Hee`j |uH fe, 872>

Ahej ib {}izkcu g}if hfe {iie b}ifu }jhe| ‐=2 ) Ezoj‑ miuuia ch| chfe{}guujf

gf|l}g~ugif gf }je gfo }jhegfk ‐Ahej ) bi} ) Dicf [hwfj ) Hf I}gkgfh` mw ) H` Mj`jlow )

Lcjwjffj [wiagfk?‑ oj~u mw [hwfj hu cg| –=2 Mh} ]hflc‗ gf Lh|h K}hfej H}gtifh&

<5‑ s =:‑ s 87‑

jh4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

55=>> H –ci}|j Li``H}‗ ag}}i}, 87:>

Ib u}hegugifh` ej|gkf ahej ib uhf `jhucj} ag}}i} ciz|je gf ljfuj} {guc h ejli}hugrj m}hgeje

u{gfj `gfgfk |gej ib li``h} |uha~je ‐K& Oifk ) => ) Mj}f‑ hfe ‐Fi :; [JGG @h}kj&‑ =3‑ s 8:‑ s 2‑ &

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

55=>8 H Li``jLugif ib {gfj, 87;>

U{j`rj miuu`j| ib Lhmj}fju \hzrgkfif b}ia ucj [gfe|i} Rgfjwh}e| gf

Cjhè|mz}k Lh`gbi}fgh h`` {guc lz|uiagtje `hmj`| fiugfk uchu ucj {gfj {h|

‐Iz} ̂ j}bjlu \j`jlugif bi} ucj Uhm`j ib ) Dicf [hwfj‑ gfl`zeje {guc ucji}gkgfh` |cg~~gfk mis hee}j||je ui [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

Jhlc Miuu`j Cjgkcu4 8=‑

EG\L@HGAJ]4

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mw czahf| i} hfgah`|&

jh4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8=:

55=>= H Uc}jj!^gjlj ^j}gie \zgU b}ia ‐eH}o liaa Hfe‑

]j~zm`gl 875>& Ahej ib fhrw m`zj {ii` {guc h m`hlo hfe k}hw |u}g~je ~huuj}f? dhloju

{guc uc}jj b}ifu ~iloju| biz} mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& ̀ hmj` }jhe|

‐Fi& =5;>= ) Dicf [hwfj ) Lcj|u 52‑ bz}ucj} [LL |uha~| if gf|gej ̀ gfgfk? uikjucj}

{guc h ahulcgfk rj|u hfe ~hg} ib ~hfu| [LL `hmj` gf miuc bz}ucj} [LL |uha~| if gf|gej

`gfgfk|? {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐Mim \juif‑ gf ucj liz}u}iia |ljfj ib ucj bgà uchu

li!|uh}}je L`hg}j U}jri} ]iw ]ikj}| hfe [hùj} ^gekjif& #^`jh|j fiuj m`hlo rj`rju hfe

~g~gfk {j}j `huj} heeje ui li``h} ib dhloju&'

j|uhu4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

55=>< H Uzsjei b}ia ‐@ Hew b}ia @izg\gHfH‑

]j~zm`gl 8758& H m`hlo {ii` uhg`lihu u}hegugifh` lzu }izfeje

`h~j`| [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj ,:‑ bz}ucj} [LL |uha~| if `gfgfk hfe gf|gej |`jjrj? uikjucj} {guc h

~hg} ib bi}ah` ~hfu| [LL `hmj` }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj ) [hg|u <>

8)=) Gf|jha <5 8)=‑ bz}ucj} [LL |uha~| if gf|gej {hg|umhfe?

{i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐Dicf ]jwfiè|‑ gf ucj bgà uchu

li!|uh}}je Ifh Azf|if hfe Ei}iucw Ehfe}gekj&

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>




55=>5 H ^j}gie DHlojU b}ia ‐gf i@e lH@ gbi}fgH‑

]j~zm`gl 875=& Ahej ib m`hlo hfe {cguj {ii` u{jje u{i b}ifu ~iloju| biz} mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj

,; ) Lcj|u 5:‑ bz}ucj} [LL |uha~ if gf|gej |`jjrj? {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐Uia L}hgk‑ gf ucj bgà uchu li!|uh}}je H`mj}u Ejooj}&

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55=>: H UHg@liHU b}ia ‐@H ew bi} H fgkcU‑

]j~zm`gl 875=& Ahej ib fhrw m`zj {ii` u}hegugifh` lzu m`hlo |hugf `h~j`| hfe mzuuif|

[j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =2:77 ) Dicf [hwfj ,8 ) Lcj|u 52‑ bz}ucj}

[LL |uha~ if gf|gej |`jjrj? {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐Dhlo|if Ai}khf‑ gf ucj bgà uchu

li!|uh}}je Dihf Mìfej` &̀

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8=;

55=>2 H ^jH liHU b}ia ‐}jH^ Ucj [g@ e

[gfe‑ Hfe ‐[Hoj ib Ucj }je [gUlc‑

^h}haizfu 875=? ]j~zm`gl 8753& Ib u}hegugifh` ej|gkf ahej ib fhrw

m`zj {ii` u{i b}ifu ~iloju| eizm`j!m}jh|uje ajuh` mzuuif| eg|~`hw

gahkj ib hf hflci} [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =2<=< ) D&

[hwfj ) Lcj|u 52?‑ {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐Lh~uhgf Dhlo \uzh}u‑ hfe

‐Lh~uhgf ]h̀ `|‑ gf ucj u{i egbbj}jfu bgà|&

Gfuj}j|ugfk`w [hwfj fhaje cg| }jh` `gbj ~}iezlugif lia~hfw _Mhudhl

^}iezlugif|Q hbuj} ucj bglugugiz| |cg~~gfk bg}a gf ‐[hoj ib ucj ]je [gulc‑

mzu mjlhz|j ib h |jl}juh}w‗| uw~i gu {h| |~j``je {guc h –l‗ hu ucj jfe

gf|ujhe ib h –o‗ [hwfj fjrj} chrgfk ucj cjh}u ui li}}jlu ucj j}}i}&

j|uhu4 %;>>!%7>>

55=>; H ^gUc cj@ajU î\\gm@w b}ia ‐Ucj bgkcUgfk \jHmjj\‑

]j~zm`gl 8755& Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf ahej ib ~guc lirj}je gf uhf bhm}gl bgrj ejli}hugrj biè| ib bhm}gl h}izfe l}i{f uhf `jhucj} lcgf |u}h~

gf|gej |uha~ }jhe| ‐@h Bhag`gh}j?‑ |jjagfk ui mj ucj ifj {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐@gjzujfhfu Liaahfej} [jekj Eifirhf‑ gf ucj bgà

uchu li!|uh}}je \z|hf Chw{h}e? h`|i ~i||gm`w {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐Mim Heha|‑ gf ucj 87<; Zfgrj}|h` bgà ‐G Lirj} ucj [h}&‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>




55=>3 H \cg}U b}ia ‐Ucj bgkcU gfk \jHmjj\‑ }j^zm@gl, 8755

Ahej ib ochog liuuif ìfk |`jjrj| u{i m}jh|u b`h~ ~iloju| [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj ) Mz|u 5:‑ bz}ucj} [LL |uha~ if gf|gej |cg}u

uhg`? {i}f #ai|u`w zfmzuuifje' h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐@gjzujfhfu Liaahfej} [jekj Eifirhf‑ h`` uc}izkcizu ucj cjhrw hlugif |ljfj| if ucj g|`hfe? h`|i

~i||gm`w {i}f gf [hwfj‗| 875: Aju}i!Kiè{wf!Ahwj} bgà ‐Ucjw [j}j Js~jfehm`j?‑ }jafhfu ib h lg}lz`h} ~hulc h~~jh}| if ucj z~~j} `jbu |`jjrj&

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55=>7 H ^j}gie DHlojU b}ia ‐b @Haj ib mH}mH}w liH\U ‑

]j~zm`gl 875:& Ahej ib m}i{f wj`ì{ hfe mjgkj ~`hge {ii`? biz} mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j {guc u{i `h}kj b}ifu ~iloju|? gf|gej [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Dicf

[hwfj ,< ) Fi& =72;: L!52?‑ bz}ucj} [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& |uha~| if gf|gej dhloju hfe |`jjrj `gfgfk|? {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐Ezoj Bj}kz|‑ gf ucj |ljfj {cj}j

cj ~`hw| ~ioj} {guc Ah}l @h{}jflj _h| ‐Dij Eg|oi‑Q hfe jfe| z~ |ciiugfk cga&

j|uhu4 %3>>!%8,>>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8=7

55=8> U[i ^j}gie li\Uzaj ^gjlj\ b}ia ‐b@Haj ib mH}mH}w liH\U‑

]j~zm`gl 875:& H lihu ahej ib k}hw {ii` uc}jj b}ifu ~iloju| biz} mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj ,8 ) Fi& =72 ) L!52‑

bz}ucj} [LL |uha~ if gf|gej |`jjrj? uikjucj} {guc h rj|u ahej ib h cjhrw uhf liuuif){ii` m`jfe u{i b}ifu ~iloju| |gs mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j [LL `hmj` }jhe| ‐Dicf

[hwfj ) Lcj|u 5:‑ bz}ucj} [LL |uha~ if gf|gej `gfgfk? {i}f mw [hwfj gf ucj bgà&

j|uhu4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

55=88 H eizkcmiw cj@aj U b}ia ‐mHlo Ui mHUHHf‑

]OI ]hegi ^gluz}j| 875:& Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf ahej ib |ujj` ~hgfuje i`grj k}jjf gf|gej ch| m`hlo hfe m}i{f `jhucj} `gfgfk hfe lcgf |u}h~? {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje

‐Liìfj` Di|j~c Aheejf‑ gf ucj bgà uchu li!|uh}}je Hfucifw Xzgff&

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



8<> Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55=8= H ^Hg} ib \^HU\ î\\gm@w b }ia ‐\Hfe\ ib g[i DgaH‑

]j~zm`gl 8757& Ahej ib uhf lhfrh| {guc ajuh` ciio hfe jwj lì|z}j| gf|gej |uha~je ‐Mh`` H&@&?‑ `goj`w {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐\j}kjhfu Dicf A& \u}woj}&‑

@jfkuc4 8=‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%::>

55=8< H fHrw l H^ b}ia ‐i^j}HUgif ^Hlgbgl‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87:8& Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf mw ^hfl}hbu ahej ib uhf liuuif m`hlo j`h|ugl u}ga m}i{f }gmmif li}e }j|u| if |ah`` m`hlo

m}ga ajuh` Fhrw gf|gkfgh hbb gsje ui b} ifu gf|gej chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif| gf m`hlo gfo }jhe ‐[hwfj <‑ ‐Ezoj‑ hfe ‐[hwfj ,<‑ #hkhgf'?

{i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐@gjzujfhfu Liaahfej} Ezoj J& Kgbbi}e‑ gf ucj bgà uchu li!|uh}}je ^hu}glgh Fjh` hfe [h}e Mife&

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55=85 H ^Hg} ib ^HfU\ b }ia ‐i^j}HUgif ^Hlgbgl‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87:8& Ahej ib uhf liuuif b`hu b}ifu uc}jj b}ifu ~iloju| u{i mhlo ~iloju| {gej mjù ìi~|

[h}fj} M}i|& `hmj` }jhe| ‐3!==!:> ) ^}ie& ;5; ) Dicf [hwfj ) 525< ) 5 Em`|&?‑ {i}f mw [hwfj gf ucj bgà&

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8<8

55=8: H mi[@j} cHU î\\gm@w b}ia ‐Ucj Xzgj U aHf‑

]j~zm`gl 87:=& Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf ahej ib m`hlo bjù mw @gfli`f

Mjffjuu " Li& ib @ifeif gf|gej |uha~je ‐Ezoj?‑ `goj`w z|je gf ucj

|ljfj {cj}j {cj}j [hwfj _h| ‐\jhf Uci}fuif‑Q hfe Ahz}jjf I‗Ch}h

_h| ‐Ah}w Ohuj Ehfhcj}‑Q kju ucjg} {jeegfk ~ciuik}h~c uhojf& #Ucj

ifj [hwfj {jh}| gf ucj jsujfeje –liz}ugfk |ljfj‗ ch| h egbbj}jfu

`gfgfk {cglc lhf mj |jjf {cjf cj uc}i{| gu ui ucj cg``|&'

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>



8<= Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55=82 H [H}e mife li[miw cHU b}ia ‐cifei‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87:<& Ahej ib uhf bjù uhf `jhucj} u{gfj chumhfe hfe lcgf |u}h~ rjfug`hugif ci`j| gf l}i{f gf|gej |uha~| }jhe

‐[&L&L&‑ _[j|uj}f Li|uzaj Lia~hfwQ hfe ‐: K< LB‑ chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif gf m`hlo bjù ug~ gfo }jhe| ‐Cze|if‑ #`goj`w z|je

~}jrgiz|`w'? {i}f h| Mife ~i}u}hwje ‐Mzbbhì Mhoj}&‑ #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| chu g| |uhgfje hfe |ci{| |gkf| ib cjhrw {jh}&'

j|uhu4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8<<

55=8; H [H}e mife cHU, 87:>|

Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf ahej ib m}i{f bjù {guc h m`hlo }gmmif chumhfe mw

^cj`~|!Ujfoj` lh``je h –Ofis \u}i``j}‗ gf|gej jami||je ‐[JM‑ _[h}ej``

Je{gf MifeQ? oj~u mw [hwfj h| h |izrjfg} ib cg| ìfkugaj b}gjfe {ci

cj aju h| hf zfej}k}hezhuj {cjf ucj u{i {j}j if ucj biiumh`` ujha hu

Z\L& #^`jh|j fiuj chu g| cjhrg`w {i}f&'

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55=83 H ^Hg} ib ^HfU\ b }ia ‐Ucj lifXzj}i}‑

]OI ]hegi ^gluz}j| 87:2& Ahej ib m}i{f }hwif b`hu b}ifu fi ~iloju| [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& ;<!=<;3!< ) Dicf [hwfj ) Lc ,< ) [hg|u <2 ) Gf|jha

<< 8)=‑ bz}ucj} [LL |uha~ if gf|gej {hg|u mhfe? {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐Kjfkcg| Ochf‑ gf ucj bgà uchu li!|uh}}je \z|hf Chw{h}e hfe Hkfj| Aii}jcjhe&

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8<5 Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55=87 H li[miw!@goj cHU b}ia ‐@jkjfe ib Ucj @i\ U‑

Zfguje H}ug|u| 87:;& Ahej ib uhf bjù mjgkj }gmmif chumhfe gf|gej ch| h bhgfu chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif gf m`zj gfo

}jhegfk ‐D& [hwfj ) Em`j?‑ {i}f mw [hwfj h| cj ~i}u}hwje ‐Dij Dhfzh}w‑ gf ucj herjfuz}j bgà uchu li!|uh}}je \i~cgh

@i}jf& #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| chu g| |uhgfje hfe |ci{| |gkf| ib cjhrw {jh} ~`z| h lgkh}juuj ci`j h~~jh}| if ucj m}ga&'

Ucj}j g| |uhgfgfk h}izfe ucj mh|j ib ucj l}i{f {cj}j h egbbj}jfu!|uw`j chumhfe {h| {i}f&

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55==> H rj\U b}ia ‐@jkj fe ib Ucj @i\U‑

Zfguje H}ug|u| 87:;& Ahej ib cjhrw!{jgkcu uhf liuuif u{i

b}ifu b`h~ ~iloju| hfe j~hz`ju| fi `hmj`|? {i}f mw [hwfj

uc}izkcizu ucj bgà& #^`jh|j fiuj ~gjlj g| cjhrg`w |uhgfje

eg}ugje hfe {i}f hfe gu| |`jjrj| ahw chrj mjjf hùj}je&'

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8<:

55==8 H oz}U oH\ tfH} cHU b}ia ‐@jkjfe ib Ucj @i\U‑

Zfguje H}ug|u| 87:;& Ahej ib uhf bjù m}hgeje kiè li}e |u}h~ }j|u|

if m`hlo m}ga ejli}hugrj kiè!liì}je h~~`gxzç if ui~ mhlo –fjlo

~}iujlui}‗ b`h~? {i}f mw ucj hlui} h| cj ~i} u}hwje ‐^}jbjlu Ezoh|‑ hfe

jrgejfu`w |hrje mw [hwfj h| h |izrjfg} b}ia ucj bgà& #^`jh|j fiuj ucg|

chu g| |uhgfje hfe ch| aiuc ci`j|&'

j|uhu4 %:>>!%::>






\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8<;

55=== H ciiU kgm\if lHrH@}w oj^g cHU b}ia ‐Ucj ci}\j \i@ egj}\‑

Zfguje H}ug|u| 87:7& Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf ahej ib fhrw m`zj {ii` m`hlo `jhucj} mhfe

}j|u| if |ah`` m`hlo m}ga m}h|| lhrh`}w gf|gkfgh hbbgsje ui b} ifu gf|gej ch| chfe{}guujf

hffiuhugif| gf m`hlo gfo }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj‑ hfe ‐Ezoj [hwfj?‑ h~~jh}gfk ui mj ucj ifj

{i}f h| Kgm|if ~i}u}hwje ‐\j}kjhfu M}i{f‑ gf ucj bgà ucizkc ~i||gm`w h`|i z|je mw ^hu}glo

[hwfj uc}jj wjh}| jh}`gj} gf ucj 87:2 [h}fj} M}i|& }j`jh|j ib ‐Ucj \jh}lcj}|‑ ― gf jgucj}

lh|j [hwfj oj~u gu h| h |izrjfg}&

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55==< H liHU b}ia ‐fi}Uc Ui H@ H\oH‑

=>uc Ljfuz}w Bis 872>& Ahej ib m}i{f ~i`wj|uj} uc}jj b}ifu b`h~ ~iloju| biz} mzuuif b}ifu

lì|z}j [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =:;8!8 ) Dicf [hwfj ,= ) Lcj|u 52?‑ {i}f h|

[hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐\ha AlLi}e‑ gf ucj \jhuu`j |ljfj| {guc li!|uh} Lh~zlgfj _h| ‐Hfkj`‑Q&

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8<7

55==5 H \UiloHej DHlojU b}ia ‐fi}Uc Ui H@H\oH,‑

‐a@gfUilo(,‑ Hfe ‐Ucj \if\ ib oHUgj j@ej}‑

=>uc Ljfuz}w Bis 872>? Zfguje H}ug|u| 872<? ^h}haizfu 872:& Ahej ib cjhrw {jgkcu

ochog!k}hwg|c liuuif uc}jj b}ifu ~iloju| {guc h |ah``j} ~iloju |j{f if ui~ ib ̀ jbu m}jh|u

ifj biz} mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j uhf li}ez}iw li``h} hfe lzbb| [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj`

}jhe| ‐Fi& =8:;!8 ) Dicf [hwfj?‑ {i}f mw [hwfj h| cj ~i}u}hwje ‐\ha AlLi}e‑ ‐Kji}kj

[h|cgfkuif Al@gfuilo‑ hfe ‐Dicf Jèj}‑ gf ucj uc}jj egbbj}jfu bgà|? ucizkc ai|u }jajamj}je

bi} mjgfk ucj ifj cj {i}j gf ‐Al@gfuilo(‑ gf ucj bzffw aze ~gu |ljfj {guc @ji Ki}eif _h|

‐Difj|‑Q {cj}j cj |hw| gf ~h}u ‐&&&mzu ^g`k}ga wiz lhz|je h ìu ib u}izm`j ucg| ai}fgfk&&&

hfe |iajmiew izkcuh mjù wiz gf ucj aizuc mzu G {if‗u G {if‗u& Ucj cj`` G {if‗u&&&‑

j|uhu4 %:,>>>!%;,>>>




55==: H }glcH}e miifj ^Hg} ib ^HfU\ b }ia ‐Ucj H@ Hai‑

Zfguje H}ug|u| 872>& Ahej ib m}i{f {ii` {guc h {gej m`hlo |u}g~j ei{f jgucj} `jk [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =283!5 ) Dicf [hwfj ,=) [hg|u <3 8)= )

Gf|jha <5‑ bz}ucj} [LL |uha~| if gf|gej {hg|umhfe chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif if `gfgfk }jhe| ‐]glch}e Miifj?‑ {i}f h| ucj hlui} ~i}u}hwje ‐Kjfj}h` \ha Ciz|uif‑

gf ucj bgà ucizkc ~hfu| h~~jh} ui chrj mjjf i}gkgfh``w ahej bi} [hwfj&

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55==2 H rj\U b }ia ‐Ucj liaHflcj}i\‑

=>uc Ljfuz}w Bis 8728& Ahej ib ~z}~i|j`w eg|u}j||je m}i{f `jhucj} {guc h mz}`h~!

ìiogfk liuuif mhlo biz} b}ifu ~iloju| u{i `jhucj} ugj| hu mh|j ib `h~j`| [j|uj}f

Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =<:5!8 ) Dicf [hwfj ,8 ) Lcj|u 52?‑ {i}f h| [hwfj

~i}u}hwje ‐]hfkj} Lh~uhgf Dhoj Lzuuj}‑ gf ucj b gà uchu li!|uh}}je cg| |if ̂ hu}glo

[hwfj hfe @jj Ah}rgf&

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55==; H ^Hg} ib ^HfU\ b }ia ‐Ucj liaHflcj}i\‑

=>uc Ljfuz}w Bis 8728& Ahej ib `gkcu {jgkcu mjgkj liuuif b`hu b}ifu u{i b}ifu ~iloju| u{i mhlo ~iloju| mjù

ìi~| [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =<77!: ) Dicf [hwfj ) [hg|u <3 8)= ) Gf|jha <<‑ bz}ucj} [LL

|uha~ if gf|gej {hg|umhfe hùj}je bi} h `huj} z|j? {i}f mw [hwfj gf ucj bgà& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj|j ~hfu| chrj h bj{

ci`j| hfe |ci{ |gkf| ib {jh}&'Ucg| |uw`j ib ~hfu| `goj ucj |uilohej dhloju| {j}j ~h}u ib [hwfj‗| |uhfeh}e {j|uj}f li|uzaj bi} ucj }jahgfej} ib

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m}jh|u ~iloju| [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& ==28!= ) Dicf [hwfj

,= ) \`jjrj <2 ) Li``h} 8; :)3?‑ uikjucj} {guc h ~hg} ib uhf liu uif ~hfu|

[LL `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =577 ) Dicf [hwfj ) [hg|u 58 8)= ) Gf|jha <5 8)=‑

bz}ucj} [LL |uha~ if gf|gej {hg|umhfe? {i}f mw [hwfj gf ucj bgà&

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55=:= H li\Uzaj b}ia ‐lcg\za‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;>& H ahzrj }h{ |gò |cg}u ìfk |`jjrj| u{i m}jh|u ~iloju| uzlo!gf uhm if ~`hloju [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi&

==2>!2 ) Dicf [hwfj ) \`jjrj <2 ) Li``h} 8; :)3‑ bz}ucj} [LL |uha~| if

gf|gej |cg}u uhg`? uikjucj} {guc h ~hg} ib u hf liuuif ~hfu| [LL ̀ hmj` }jhe|

‐Fi& =<77!: ) Dicf [hwfj ) [hg|u <3 8)= ) Gf|jha <<?‑ {i}f mw [hwfj gf

ucj bgà&

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




55=:5 H DHlojU b}ia ‐lcg\za‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;>& Ahej ib uhf li}ez}iw u{i b}ifu b`h~ ~iloju| uc}jj mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j [j|uj}f Li|uzaj

Li& `hmj` if gf|gej ~iloju }jhe| ‐Fi& ==28!8 ) Dicf [hwfj ) Lcj|u 53 8)= ) \`jjrj 83 8)=?‑ {i}f mw [hwfj gf ucj

~h}uw |ljfj kgrjf bi} cg| ehzkcuj}‗| }juz}f b}ia |lcii`& #^`jh|j fiuj dhloju g| |iaj{chu |uhgfje hfe wj`ì{je ezj

ui hkj&'

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




55=:: H \Uilo Hej DHlojU b}ia ‐mgk DHoj‑

Fhugifh` Kjfj}h` ^gluz}j| 87;8& Ahej ib cjhrw!{jgkcu uhfliuuif biz} b}ifu b`h~ ~iloju| biz} mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j uhf

li}ez}iw li``h} hfe lzbb| [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi&

=3;2!8 ) Dicf [hwfj ,= ) Lcj|u 53 8)= ) \`jjrj 87?‑ {i}f h|

[hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐Dhlim AlLhfe`j|‑ gf ucj bgà uchu li!|uh}}je

Ahz}jjf I‗Ch}h hfe cg| |if| ^hu}glo hfe Juchf [hwfj& #^`jh|j

fiuj dhloju g| cjhrg`w |uhgfje hfe eg}ugje h| gu {h| fiu l`jhfje

hbuj} ~}iezlugif {}h~~je&'

j|uhu4 %:,>>>!%;,>>>







55=:2 H li\Uzaj b}ia ‐mgk DHoj ‑

Fhugifh` Kjfj}h` ^gluz}j| 87;8& H bheje }je }h{ |gò |cg}u ìfk |`jjrj|

u{i m}jh|u ~iloju| uzlo!gf uhm if ~`hloju [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj`

}jhe| ‐Fi& =8:>!8 ) Dicf [hwfj ) Lcj|u 53 8)= ) \`jjrj <2 ) Li``h} 8;

:)3?‑ uikjucj} {guc h ~hg} ib uhf liuuif ~hfu| [LL `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =577!

5 ) Dicf [hwfj ,8 ) [hg|u 5> 8)= ) Gf|jha <5 8)=‑ bz}ucj} [LL |uha~ if

gf|gej {hg|umhfe? gfl`zeje {guc h ~hg} ib uhf!liì}je j`h|ugl |z|~jfej}| {guc

m}i{f `jhucj} u}ga? {i}f mw [hwfj gf cg| bg}|u |ljfj ib ucj bgà {cj}j cj hfe

‐Eik‑ |hrj ucj \liuug|c |cjj~ bh}aj} h| ~i}u}hwje mw Mj}fh}e Bis&

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8;> Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55=:; H \cg}U b}ia ‐mgk DHoj‑

Fhugifh` Kjfj}h` ^gluz}j| 87;8& H liuuif |cg}u {guc h m}i{f hfe mjgkj lcjloj}je ~huuj}f ìfk |`jjrj| u{i m}jh|u ~iloju| [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi&

=23>!: ) Dicf [hwfj ,8 ) Lcj|u 5:?‑ {i}f mw [hwfj gf ucj |ljfj {cjf cj ajju| z~ {guc Ahz}jjf I‗Ch}h _h|‑Ah}uch AlLhfe`j|‑Q&

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55=:3 H rj\U b}ia Ucj ^}iezlUgif ib ‐mgk DHoj‑

Fhugifh` Kjfj}h` ^gluz}j| 87;8& Ahej ib ~z}~i|j`w eg|u}j||je m}i{f `jhucj} u{i b}ifu ~iloju| ejli}hugrj h~~`gxzç if `h~j`| hfe u}ga [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj`

}jhe| ‐Fi& =8>8!8 ) Dicf [hwfj ) Lcj|u 53 8)=&‑ Ucizkc gu {h| ahej bi} cga [hwfj eij| fiu {jh} ucg| jshlu rj|u gf ucj bgà ― cj {jh}| hf hài|u gejfuglh` ifj

mzu {guc h liuuif mhlo&

j|uhu4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8;8

55=:7 H ^HU}glo [Hwfj DHloj U b}ia ‐mgk DHoj ‑

Fhugifh` Kjfj}h` ^gluz}j| 87;8& Ahej ib `gkcu m}i{f {gej {h`j li}ez}iw m}i{f |zjej

li``h} u{i b}ifu b`h~ ~iloju| bgrj mzuuif b }ifu lì|z}j [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& ̀ hmj` }jhe|

‐Fi& =8;3!8 ) ̂ hu [hwfj ) Lcj|u 5< ) \`jjrj 8; 8)=?‑ {i}f mw ucj wizfkj} [hwfj h| cj

~i}u}hwje ‐Dhaj| AlLhfe`j|‑ gf ucj bgà&

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55=2> H li\Uzaj b}ia ‐ Ucj li[miw\‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;=& H bheje m`zj }h{ |gò |cg}u ìfk |`jjrj| u{i

m}jh|u ~iloju| uzlo!gf uhm if ~`hloju [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj`

}jhe| ‐Fi& =<25!5 ) Dicf [hwfj ,8 ) Lcj|u 52?‑ uikjucj} {guc h

~hg} ib uhf liuuif ~hfu| [LL `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =;7:!< ) Dicf [hwfj

) [hg|u 5> ) Gf|jha <= 8)=?‑ {i}f mw [hwfj h| cj ~i}u}hwje ‐[g`

Hfej}|jf‑ gf ucj bgà uchu li!|uh}}je ]i|lij @jj M}i{fj M}zlj

Ej}f hfe Li``jjf Ej{cz}|u&

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



8;= Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55=28 Uc}jj li\Uzaj ^gjlj\ b}ia ‐Ucj li[miw\‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;=& Ucj bg}|u h mjgkj }h{ |gò |cg}u ìfk |`jjrj| u{i m}jh|u


=:>=!8 ) Dicf [hwfj ) Lcj|u 57 ) \`jjrj <2 ) Li``h} 83 8)=‑ bz}ucj} [LL|uha~| if gf|gej |cg}u uhg`? ucj |jlife h ~hg} ib i`grj k}jjf {ii` ~hfu| [LL

`hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =:>>!: ) Dicf [hwfj ,= ) [hg|u 58 8)= ) Gf|jha <<‑

bz}ucj} [LL |uha~ if gf|gej {hg|umhfe? ucj ucg}e h ~hg} ib m}i{f {ii` ~hfu|

{guc h bhgfu k}jjf hfe {cguj |u} g~je ~huuj}f [LL ̀ hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =:>8!=

) Dicf [hwfj ,< ) [hg|u 58 8)= ) Gf|jha <<?‑ {i}f mw [hwfj gf egbbj}jfu

|ljfj| gf ucj bgà& #^`jh|j fiuj |cg}u g| ~z}~i|j`w eg|u}j||je eg}ugje hfe

|ci{| ahfw ci`j| if jgucj} |`jjrj&'

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55=2= H li\Uzaj b}ia ‐U cj U}Hgf }immj}\‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;<& H ez|uw m}glo }je liuuif |cg}u ìfk |`jjrj| u{i m}jh|u


=577!= ) Dicf [hwfj ,8 ) Lcj|u 57 ) \`jjrj <2 ) Li``h} 83 8)=?‑ uikjucj}

{guc h ~hg} ib uhf ~i`wj|uj} ~hfu| [LL `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =:=3 ) Dicf [hwfj

) [hg|u 58 8)= ) Gf|jha <<?‑ {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐@hfj‑ gf ucj bgàuchu li!|uh}}je Hff!Ah}k}ju hfe ]glh}ei Aifuh`mhf&

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8;<

55=2< H fzegj‗\ li[miw cHU b }ia ‐l Hcg@ @ z&\& aH}\cH@@‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;<& Ahej ib m}i{f bjù m}hgeje uhf `jhucj} chumhfe gf|gej |uha~ }jhe| ‐Fzegj‗| ) ]ieji Uhgì}| ) Fi}uc Ci``w{iie

) Lh`gbi}fgh‑ ‐]j|g|ui` \j`b!Lifbi}agfk ) Chfe L}jh|je‑ hfe ‐M] [j|uj}f| \~jlgh`?‑ {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ‐D&E& Lhcg``‑ gf ucj

bgà uchu li!|uh}}je Kji}kj Ojffjew hfe Dhlogj Liikhf& #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| chu g| ez|uw hfe |ci{| |gkf| ib {jh}&'

[hwfj }j~`hlje ucj chumhfe if ucg| chu b}ia ucj ifj cj z|je gf ucj bgà&

j|uhu4 %8>,>>>!%8:,>>>



8;5 Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55=25 H li\U zaj b}ia ‐lHcg @@ z&\& aH}\cH@@‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;<& H fhrw m`zj cjhrw liuuif |cg}u ìfk |`jjrj| u{i m}jh|u ~iloju| uzlo!gf uhm if ~`hloju [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li&

`hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& ==57!8 ) Dicf [hwfj ) Lcj|u 57 ) \`jjrj <2 ) Li``h} 83 8)=‑ bz}ucj} [LL |uha~ if gf|gej |cg}u u hg`? uikjucj} {guc h

~hg} ib m}i{f ~i`wj|uj} ~hfu| {guc uhf |ugulcgfk [LL `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =7=7!< ) Dicf [hwfj?‑ {i}f mw [hwfj gf ucj bgà&

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8;:

55=2: H rj\U b}ia ‐lHcg@@ z&\& aH}\cH@@‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;<& Ahej ib i`grj k}jjf li}ez}iw {guc h liuuif mhlo biz} b}ifu ~iloju| |jrjf mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐=7=7!= )

Dicf [hwfj‑ bz}ucj} |uha~je ‐Eizm`j?‑ {i}f mw [hwfj gf ucj mjkgffgfk ib bgà hfe h`|i bjhuz}je gf ucj h}u{i}o bi} ucj bgà‗| ~i|uj}? uikjucj} {guc h ~hg} ib fhrw

m`zj ~i`wj|uj} ~hfu| {guc mjgkj |ugulcgfk gf|gej [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Lczlo ]imj}|if ) [hg|u <2 ) Gf|jha <5?‑ {guc bz}ucj} [LL |uha~ if gf|gej

{hg|umhfe? ]imj}|if mjgfk [hwfj‗| ìfkugaj |uzfu eizm`j ucizkc ~hfu| {j}j `goj`w {i}f mw [hwfj h| {j``&

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55=22 H ‐aX‑ Hfe mHUDHl [gfem}jHoj}, 87;5

Ahej ib fhrw m`zj fwìf ‐AlX‑ ~}gfuje gf wj`ì{ if b}ifu ̀ jbu

m}jh|u Mhudhl ìki ~}gfuje gf |haj wj`ì{ if mhlo mw Di!@ilo

\~i}u|{jh} ib \jhuu`j [h|c |gtj S@? ahej bi} [hwfj hfe

}j|u ib l}j{ ez}gfk ~}iezlugif ib ucj 87;5 [h}fj} M}i|& bgà&

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>




55=2; H \UiloHej DHlojU

b}ia ‐}ii\Uj} likmz}f‑

Zfgrj}|h` 87;:& Ahej ib k}hwg|c!mjgkj cjhrw!

{jgkcu liuuif {guc h uhf li}ez}iw li``h} hfe

lzbb| biz} `h}kj b}ifu b`h~ ~iloju| biz} mzuuif

b}ifu lì|z}j [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj`

}jhe| ‐Fi& =;7:!= ) Dicf [hwfj ) Lcj|u 5;

) \`jjrj 83 8)=?‑ {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje

ucj ugu`j lch}hluj} gf ucj bgà uchu li!|uh}}je

Ohuch}gfj Cj~mz}f&

j|uhu4 %:,>>>!%;,>>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8;;

55=23 H li\Uzaj b}ia ‐}ii\U j} likmz}f‑

Zfgrj}|h` 87;:& H |cg}u ahej ib ahzrj liuuif ìfk |`jjrj| u{i

m}jh|u ~iloju| uzlo!gf uhm if ~`hloju rjfug`hugif ci`j| zfej} h}a| if mhlo [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi& =<83!= )

Dicf [hwfj ) Lcj|u :> ) \`jjrj ] <2 ) @ <: 8)= ) Fjlo 83 8)=‑

bz}ucj} [LL |uha~ if gf|gej |cg}u uhg`? uikjucj} {guc h ~hg} ib m`hlo

~i`wj|uj} ~hfu| {guc uhf!liì}je |ugulcgfk [LL ̀ hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi&

=5;:!8 ) Dicf [hwfj ) [hg|u 58 8)= ) Gf|jha <:? {i}f mw [hwfj

gf ucj bgà&

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55=27 H \cg}U b}ia ‐}ii\Uj} likmz}f‑

Zfgrj}|h` 87;:& Ahej ib ahzrj liuuif ìfk |`jjrj| u{i m}jh|u ~iloju| uzlo!gf uhm

if ~`hloju rjfug`hugif ci`j| zfej} h}a| if mhlo [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi&

=<83!= ) Dicf [hwfj ) Lcj|u :> ) \`jjrj ] <2 ) @ <: 8)= ) Fjlo 83 8)=‑ bz}ucj} [LL

|uha~ if gf|gej |cg}u uhg`? {i}f mw [hwfj gf ucj bgà& #^`jh|j fiuj |cg}u g| rj}w bheje&'

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55=;> H \cg}U b}ia ‐}ii\Uj} likmz}f‑

Zfgrj}|h` 87;:& Ahej ib mjgkj }h{ |gò ìfk

|`jjrj| u{i m}jh|u ~iloju| uzlo!gf uhm if

~`hloju [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& `hmj` }jhe| ‐Fi&

=<83!8 ) Dicf [hwfj ) Lcj|u :> ) \`jjrj ]

<2 ) @ <: 8)= ) Fjlo 83 8)=‑ bz}ucj} [LL

|uha~ if gf|gej |cg}u uhg`? {i}f mw [hwfj gf ucj

mjkgffgfk hfe jfe |ljfj| ai|u`w {cjf cj‗| gf ucj

liz}u}iia&

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>




55=;8 U[i \î}UliHU\ b}ia ‐m}HffgkHf‑

Zfguje H}ug|u| 87;:& Ucj bg}|u ahej ib {ii` gf h m}i{f i}hfkj hfe uhf ~`hge uc}jj b}ifu ~iloju| u{i mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j \w Ejri}j ib Ci``w{iie @h| Rjkh| "

^hà \~}gfk| `hmj` }jhe| ‐A}& Dicf [hwfj ) :!=!<;5 ) Fi& <>58?‑ ucj |jlife hài|u gejfuglh` mzu gf h |`gkcu`w eh}oj} ~`hge Dicf Kh`z~~i ib Mjrj}`w Cg``| `hmj` }jhe|

‐A}& Dicf [hwfj ) Ehuj =!82!;< ) Fi& 8582?‑ {i}f h| [hwfj ~i}u}hwje ucj ugu`j lch}hluj} gf ucj bgà uchu li!|uh}}je ]glch}e Huujfmi}izkc hfe Aj` Bj}}j}&

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55=;= H \Uilo Hej DHlojU b}ia Hf zfofi[f bg@a, 872>|

Ahej ib m}i{f cjhrw!{jgkcu liuuif {guc h li}ez}iw li``h} hfe lzbb| biz}

`h}kj b`h~ b}ifu ~iloju| #ifj ~iloju ch| u{i ~gf ci`j| {cj}j h mhekj

{izè chrj mjjf' biz} mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j #ucizkc ifj g| ag||gfk'

Haj}glhf Li|uzaj _@z|uj} Mhw`j||‗ lia~hfwQ |uha~ if gf|gej }gkcu |`jjrj

#ucizkc fi [j|uj}f Li|uzaj Li& uhk'? ewje `huj} `goj`w bi} hfiucj} hlui}‗|

z|j ucizkc i}gkgfh``w ahej bi} [hwfj&

Ucg| g| ucj u}hejah}o ‐|uilohej dhloju‑ uchu [hwfj {i}j gf fgfj ib cg| `h|u

j`jrjf bgà| gfl`zegfk ‐U}zj K}gu‑ hfe ‐]ii|uj} Likmz}f‑ haifk ahfw

iucj}| mzu mjlhz|j ib ucj liì} lchfkj gu lhffiu mj ~i|gugrj`w huu}gmzuje

ui hfw |~jlgbgl bgà&

j|uhu4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û 8;7

55=;< biz} ^Hg}\ ib

\z\^jfej}\ b}ia rH}giz\

bg@a\, 875>|!87;>|

H`` j`h|ugl {guc m}i{f `jhucj} ~h}u|? u{i

~hg}| gejfuglh` wj`ì{ {guc ̀ gkcu m`zj |u} g~j|

miuc |uha~je if gf|gej ‐^h}haizfu

[h}e}imj?‑ ifj ~hg} m}i{f {guc m`zj

|u}g~j| ajuh` hedz|uj} }jhe| ‐î`glj

M}hlj?‑ ifj ~hg} k}jjf {guc m`zj |u}g~j||haj ajuh` hedz|uj} h| m}i{f ~hg}? `goj`w {i}f mw [hwfj gf ai}j uchf ifj

bgà mzu ucj wj`ì{ ifj| ai|u ~}iagfjfu`w |jjf gf ucj 87:7 Zfguje H}ug|u|

bgà ‐Ucj Ci}|j \iègj}|?‑ iucj} ~hg}| ~i||gm`w {i}f mw Ch}}w Lh}jw gf ucj

8758 ^h}haizfu bgà ‐Ucj \cj~cj}e ib ucj Cg``|‑ hfe mw Ejffg| [jhrj} gf

ucj 87:>|!872>| LM\ uj`jrg|gif |j}gj| ‐Kzf|aioj&‑

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55=;5 Uc}jj [j\Uj}f mj@U\, 872>|!87;>|Gfl`zegfk4 8' h m}i{f |zjej ifj {guc h }jluhfkz`h}!|ch~je |g`rj} ajuh` mzlo`j |gtj 58 {guc

jrgejfu {jh}? =' h az|uh}e wj`ì{ `jhucj} ifj {guc {cguj |ugulcgfk {guc h |xzh}j!|ch~je

m}h|| mzlo`j gf|gej |uha~je ‐Cj}jbi}e M}hfe‑ |gtj 5> {guc jrgejfu {jh}? hfe <' h m}i{f

`jhucj} ifj {guc h |xzh}j!|ch~je m}h|| mzlo`j |gtj 5= chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif if gf|gej

}jhe| ‐D&[&‑ {guc jrgejfu {jh}? |iaj ~i||gm`w {i}f gf bgà|&

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>




55=;: H k}iz^ ib fjloj}lcgjb\, 87:>|!87;>|

Ujf uiuh`? h`` ahej ib liuuif |iaj {guc h kjiaju}gl ~huuj}f if u}ga iucj}| ~`hgf gf |chej| ib ahzrj wj`ì{ {cguj mjgkj uhf hfe }je? ai|u `goj`w z|je gf bgà|&

H`` h~~}isgahuj`w =:‑ s =:‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>




55=;2 H [cgUj fzegj‗\ li[miw cHU, 87;>|

Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf ahej ib bjù fi chumhfe gf|gej `gfgfk |uha~je ‐Fzegj‗| ]ieji Uhgì}| ) Fi}uc Ci``w{iie Lh`gbi}fgh‑ hfe ‐]j|g|ui` \j`b!Lifbi}agfk?‑ gfl`zeje

{guc h Lcz}lcg`` Chu| @ue& chu mis {guc h –Dicf [hwfj‗ }juz}f hee}j|| `hmj` if `ge&

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55=;; H ^Hg} ib @zllcj\j li[miw miiU\, 87;>|

Ahej ib m}i{f `jhucj} {guc uhf!liì}je |jag!bhflw |ugulcgfk

gf|gej |uha~je {guc ucj ahoj}‗| ìki gf|gej miuc miiu| bz}ucj}

|uha~je ‐8>;;>>;?‑ {guc jrgejfu {jh}&j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




55=;3 H ^Hg} ib @zllcj\j li[miw miiU \, 87;>|

Ahej ib m}i{f hfe }je ̀ jhucj} {guc uhf!liì}je u}hegugifh` |ugulcgfk gf|gej |uha~je {guc

ahoj}‗| ̀ iki gf|gej miuc miiu| bz}ucj} |uha~je ‐82<=:‑ {guc |`gkcu {jh}&

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55=3> H ^Hg} ib @zllcj \j –bi}aH@‗ li[miw miiU\, 87;>|

Ahej ib m}i{f `jhucj} {guc {cguj bhflw |ugulcgfk if`w if ui~ ~h}u ib |chbu gf|gej |uha~je {guc

ahoj}‗| ̀ iki gf|gej miuc miiu| bz}ucj} |uha~je ‐2;2>53?‑ {guc jrgejfu {jh}&

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55=;7 H ^Hg} ib li[miw miiU \, 872>|!87;>|

Ahej ib m}i{f `jhucj} {guc j`hmi}huj }je hfe wj`ì{ |ugulcgfk fi ahoj}‗|

|uha~| {guc jrgejfu {jh}&

j|uhu4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




55=38 H ^Hg} ib miiU\, 872>|

Ahej ib m`hlo `jhucj} {guc |`gkcu li{miw!|uw`j ejuhg`gfk if ucj

rha~ gf|gej ib miuc miiu| |uha~je ‐588> 75=3 37‑ ~z}~i|j`w

eg|u}j||je {guc eg}u? {guc rj}w |`gkcu {jh}? `goj`w {i}f gf bgà|&

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55=3= H ^Hg} ib fzegj‗\ li[miw miiU\, 87;>|

Ahej ib }je `jhucj} {guc j`hmi}huj {cguj wj`ì{ m`zj i}hfkj hfe k}jjf

|ugulcgfk gf|gej ib jhlc miiu ch| h |ah`` lìuc `hmj` }jhegfk ‐Fzegj‗| ]ieji

Uhgì} ) Fi}uc Ci``w{iie Lh`gb&‑ {guc fi {jh} |ug`` gf ucjg} i}gkgfh` |cg~~gfk

mis {guc h Fzegj‗| }juz}f `hmj` hee}j||je ui ‐Dicf [hwfj ! ^j}|ifh` ) l)i

Mhudhl ^}iezlugif| ) 7:;> [g`|cg}j M`re& ) Mjrj}`w Cg``| Lh& 7>=8=&‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55=3< biz} miiU DHlo\, 872>| !87;>|

Uc}jj ahej ib {iie ifj ib {}izkcu g}if gf ucj bi}a ib hf gf|jlu? uikjucj}

{guc h \zfmjha!m}hfe |cij ~i`g|cj} ogu ciz|je gf gu| i{f {iiejf mis&

:‑ s 83‑ s 8>‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>




55=35 H \ciz@ej} kzf ci@\Uj }, 87:>!872>|

Ahej ib m}i{f `jhucj} {guc h ‐D[‑ lh}rje if mhlo|gej? ~i||gm`w z|je gf

bgà| h| gu‗| cjhrg`w {i}f hfe fgloje&

8>‑ s ;‑

j|uhu4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

55=3: H kzf ci@\Uj}, 872>|!87;>|

Ahej ib m`hlo `jhucj} {guc h ‐Z\‑ |uha~ if |gej b`h~ mhlo jami||je ‐Miwu

5<‑ huuhlcje ui h lhfrh| mjù? ~i||gm`w z|je gf h bgà&

8>‑ s :‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55=32 H kzf ci@\Uj}, 87;>|

Ahej ib m`hlo `jhucj} {guc `h}kj |gej b`h~? |`gkcu {jh} jrgejfu&

88‑ s 3‑

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55=3; H ofgbj Hfe \cjHUc, 872> |!87;>|

[guc h ujsuz}je m`hlo ajuh` chfe`j h 2 8)=!gflc m`hej? |cjhuc |uha~je

‐Z\ AH38 ]A LI?‑ huuhlcje ui h uhf!liì}je lhfrh| mjù {guc ahfw zug`guw

~iloju| hfe hf heeje i`grj k}jjf zug`guw ~izlc |uha~je ‐Z&\&?‑ ~i||gm`w

z|je gf h bgà&

Mjù @jfkuc4 <3‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55=33 H ofgbj Hfe \cjHUc, 872> |!87;>|

[guc h ujsuz}je m`hlo ajuh` chfe`j h 2 8)=!gflc m`hej? |cjhuc |uha~je

‐Z\ A3 ]A LI?‑ huuhlcje ui h lhfrh| mjù |uha~je ‐Z&\&‑ {guc hf heeje

|ah`` zug`guw ~izlc? ~i||gm`w z|je gf h bgà&

Mjù @jfkuc4 5>‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




Ahfw ib ucj h{h}e| gf ucg| hzlugif lhf mj |jjf gf ucj|j gahkj| ib Dicf [hwfj‗| ibbglj gf cg| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&




55=37 H U}i^cw bi} ‐Ucj H@ Hai,‑ 872>


[j|uj}f Cj}guhkj Ljfuj} bi} ‐Ucj H`hai ) Izu|uhfegfk [j|uj}f Aiugif

^gluz}j&‑

88‑ s ;‑ s 5‑

j|uhu4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55=7> H U}i^cw bi} ‐Ucj liaHflcj}i\,‑ 8728


[j|uj}f Cj}guhkj Ljfuj} bi} ‐Ucj Liahflcj}i| ) Izu|uhfegfk [j|uj}f

Aiugif ^gluz}j&‑

88‑ s ;‑ s 5‑

j|uhu4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55=78 H U}i^cw bi} ‐Ucj [H} [Hkif,‑ 872;


[j|uj}f Cj}guhkj Ljfuj} bi} ‐Ucj [h} [hkif ) Izu|uhfegfk [j|uj}f Aiugif

^gluz}j&‑

88‑ s ;‑ s 5‑

j|uhu4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55=7= U[i U}i^cgj\, 87:>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia [g|eia Ahkhtgfj bi}

‐\gkfgbglhfu Lifu}gmzugif| ui Ofi{`jekj‑ gf 87:3 {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}? ucj |jlife b}ia [iajf‗| Ciaj Lia~hfgif bi} ‐Bhri}guj Airgj

Hlui}‑ gf 87:5? gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ifj ib ucj|j

~gjlj| gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj& #^`jh|j fiuj miuc ~gjlj|

|ci{ |gkf| ib hkj hfe {jh}&'

8=‑ s 2‑ s 2‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




55=7< H U}i^cw, lg}lH 87:>|

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ~`hlh}e if b}ifu }jhe| ‐Rgluig}j ez Lgfjah

B}hflhg| ) ]jbj}jfeza ) @j Bgà B}hflhg|?‑ gfl`zeje h}j u{i }j~}gfuje liì}

gahkj| |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj&

Cjgkcu4 ;‑

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55=75 H U}i^cw bi} ‐U}zj k}gU,‑ 87;>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia OCD!UR bi} ‐&&&Mj|u Hlui} ib 8727?‑ gfl`zeje

g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc ibbglj&

8<‑ s 8=‑ s 5‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55=7: H cH[HggHf HlHejaw H[H}e bi} ‐U }zj k}gU,‑ 8727

H ̀ h}kj ~gjlj ib e}gbu{iie {guc ucj b}ifu ~i}u gif |lz`~uje gfui h bhlj

~`hlh}e if b}ifu }jhe| ‐Ch{hgghf Hlhejaw H{h}e ) Ui Dicf –Ezoj‗ [hwfj ) H

^j}bi}ahflj gf Jslj``jflj ) –U}zj K}gu ) [guc Hìch ) B}ia ) Cgì Ch{hgg&‑

H~~}isgahuj`w =>‑ s 7‑ s 8>‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55=72 H @ikgj H[H}e, 87;5

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Hz|u}h`ghf uj`jrg|gif gfez|u}w bi} mjgfk h

‐\~jlgh` Kzj|u&‑

;‑ s :‑ s 5‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>




55=7; H U}i^cw, 87;>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Uiam|uifj H}gtifh ]j|ui}hugif

Liaag||gif bi} ‐Ahf ib ucj [j|u ) Ahf ib ucj Wjh}&‑

8<‑ s 8=‑ s :‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55=73 H U}i^cw, 87;;

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia LML gf î}u Czjfjaj LH bi} mjgfk ‐Ucj

\jhmjj|‗ \jhmjj&‑

2‑ s 2‑ s ;‑

j|uhu4 %3>>!%8,=>>

55=77 H U}i^cw, 87;8

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Rjuj}hf| ib Bi}jgkf [h}| Eg|u}glu ,=

bi} mjgfk h‐^hu}giu?‑ gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj

gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj& #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| ~gjlj ch| ìi|j

~h}u| mzu lhf `goj`w mj bgsje&'

=8‑ s 8<‑ s ;‑

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55<>> H U}i^cw, 872>|

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia MAL Fglo M}zfi Z\F hfe MZG Rglui} A&

H|g|ugi Z\F \jhmjj| bi} mjgfk ‐h k}jhu Haj}glhf&‑

8:‑ s 83‑ s 5‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>




55<>8 H U}i^cw, 87;<

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj [j|uj}f \uhuj| Az|jza| Gfl& Fif~}ibgu i}khfgthugif bi} ‐&&&&Ejeglhugif

ui ucj Lhz|j ib @gmj}uw B}jjeia hfe ^hu}giug|a?‑ gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf

|guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj& #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| ~gjlj g| |iaj{chu uh}fg|cje&'

=2‑ s 8=‑ s 8<‑

j|uhu4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55<>= H U}i^cw, 87;>|^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj @gkh Ljfu}h` Lha~jif ej Lha~jifj|

]j|j}rh| `goj`w bi} cg| |~if|i}|cg~ ib h @hugf Haj}glhf miw|‗ huc`jugl ujha&

=2‑ s 85‑ s ;‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




55<>< H U}i^cw, 87;>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia cga|j`b bi} {gffgfk ‐Ucj Dicf [hwfj M}gekj

Uiz}fhajfu&‑

8;‑ s 8>‑ s 8>‑

Hlli}egfk ui ^g`h} [hwfj [hwfj {h| hf hrge M}gekj ~`hwj} {ci ibujf

ugaj| h}}hfkje cg| i{f gfbi}ah` lia~jugugif| haifk|u b}gjfe| {guc ~}gtj|

hfe u}i~cgj| h{h}eje bi} bzf |zlc h| ucg| ifj uchu cj jrgejfu`w {if b}ia

cga|j`b&

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<>5 Uc}jj U}i^cgj\, 872>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia ucj Jflgfi Liaazfguw Ljfuj}

bi} ‐Lgugtjf| ib ucj Wjh}‑ #bi} ^g`h} h| {j``' gf 872=? ucj |jlife b}ia hf

zfofi{f k}iz~ bi} ‐Ci``w{iie‗| Ai|u Fiuhm`j ^gluz}j|4 Ucj Mh}mh}ghf

hfe ucj Kjg|ch Ucj Lifxzj}i} hfe Eifirhf‗| ]jjb?‑ hfe ucj ucg}e b}ia

ucj Ucjhu}j I{fj}| ib Haj}glh bi} ‐\uh} ib ucj Wjh}‑ gf 8728? gfl`zeje g|

h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ifj ib ucj|j ~gjlj| gf |guz gf [hwfj‗|

Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj& #^`jh|j fiuj |iaj ib ucj|j ~gjlj| h}j |`gkcu`w

ehahkje hfe |ci{ |gkf| ib hkj&' #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je


=<‑ s 3‑ s <‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<>: Uc}jj U}i^cgj\, 872>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia ucj \cj}ahf Iho| Fhugifh`

@guu`j @jhkzj bi} ‐&&&\~if|i}_|cg~Q ib ucj Ezoj|‑ gf 872=? ucj |jlife b}ia

Ucj Mhuif ]izkj Gfuj}fhugifh` \~jje{hw F&H&\&L&H&]& E}grj}| bi} mjgfk ‐H

Ahf‗| Ahf‑ gf 8727? ucj ucg}e b}ia Ucj Mhudhl ]hlgfk Ujha bi} h aiui}lwl`j{gf mw ‐Jrj}juu L}jhlc‑ gf 872;& #^`jh|j fiuj h`` ~gjlj| h}j uh}fg|cje hfe

|ci{ |gkf| ib hkj&' #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc

~gjlj&'

=5‑ s 2‑ s ;‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55<>2 bgrj U}i^cgj\, 872>|!87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia ucj I}hfkj Ja~g}j H}jh

Lizflg` M\H bi} ‐Lgugtjf ib ucj Wjh}‑ gf 8727? ucj |jlife b}ia E}& Hùif

Ilc|fj} ib GFLH bi} ‐@gmj}uw‑ gf 87;8? ucj ucg}e b}ia [hwfj Ehfgj`| bi}

‐Lifk}huz`hugif|‑ ucj biz}uc b}ia Ucj Miw|‗ L`zm| ib I}hfkj Lizfuw bi} ‐H~~}jlghugif?‑ hfe ucj bgbuc b}ia @gu u`j [hwfj Ch}rjw bi} ‐Ucj K}jjf Mj}ju|‑

gf 872;& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

Cjgkcu4 82‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>




55<>; biz} U}i^cgj\, 87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia

\h}hc Lirjfu}w Gfl& bi} ‐&&&ejeglhugif ui

cg| lizfu}w‑ gf 87;8? ucj |jlife b}ia

Ah||hlcz|juu| Kjfj}h` Ci|~guh` ‐Ui Ezoj

) B}ia Wiz} AKC Ujha‑ gf 87;3? ucj ucg}e

b}ia Ucj [j|u îgfu \ilgjuw ib @i| Hfkj`j|

bi} ‐Ezuw Cifi} Lizfu}w‑ gf 87;8? ucj biz}uc

b}ia Hzkz|u H& Mz|lc D}& bi} ‐&&&Lifu}gmzugif ui

) \{gfk Izu \{jju @hfe‑ _[hwfj‗| 87;> FML

uj`jrg|gif |~jlgh`Q? gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì}

gahkj |ci{gfk ifj ib ucj|j ~gjlj| gf |guz gf

[hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj

\h}hc Lirjfu}w ~gjlj g| m}iojf mzu lhf `goj`w

mj }j~hg}je&' #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj

ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

8:‑ s 2‑ s 2‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55<>3 biz} lz^\, 872>|!87;>|

Ai|u`w |g`rj}!~`huje? gfl`zegfk 8' h |ah`` lch`glj jfk}hrje ‐Ezoj ) \uhw ibb iz} |gej

) Fimiew {g`` mj`gjrj gu( ) Hbbjlugifhuj`w ) Aj` ) ]iaj 872:?‑ =' h `h}kj lch`glj

jfk}hrje ‐J` Ei}hei ) Lia~`gajfu| ib ]haheh Gff ) Uzl|if H}gt&?‑ <' h |uj}`gfk |g`rj}

lz~ jfk}hrje ‐B}ia wiz} ∘ S M}iucj}| ) hu Zfgrj}|guw ib Ojfuzlow ) 8>=fe Ojfuzlow

Ej}mw 87;2‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}? hfe 5' h |ciu k`h|| jfk}hrje ‐^F ) 87;8 )

Lif|i&‑ #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

;‑ s :‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<>7 biz} –jscgmgU i} @Hz}j@‗ H[H}e\, 875>|!87:>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Bgà Mzwj}| ib ucj Aiugif ^gluz}j Gfez|u}w?

gfl`zegfk4 8' bi} ‐Biz}uc @jhegfk Ah`j \uh}‑ gf 8753 #ucg| g| h lj}ugbglhuj hfe fiu

h ~`hxzj'? =' bi} ‐Fzamj} Biz} Ui~`gfj} \uh}‑ gf 8757? =' bi} ‐Fzamj} U{i @hz}j`

\l}jjf \uh}‑ gf 87:=!:<? hfe 5' bi} ‐Ui~ Ujf \uh}‑ gf 87::!:2? gfl`zeje h}j u{i

}j~}gfuje liì} gahkj| |ci{gfk ucj|j ~gjlj| gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc

ibbglj& #^`jh|j fiuj ~gjlj| h}j |l}hulcje hfe |ci{ |gkf| ib hkj&' #^`jh|j ki ui

iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

8> 8)=‑ s 8> 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>




55<8> U[i –jscgmgUi} @ Hz}j@‗ H[H}e\, 872>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Ucj Bgà Mzwj}| ib ucj Aiugif

^gluz}j Gfez|u}w? ucj bg}|u bi} ‐Fzamj} Ifj Hlugif ^j}bi}ahflj‑

gf 872<? ucj |jlife bi} ‐Fzamj} Ifj Hlugif \uh}‑ gf 8725? miuc

{guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|? gfl`zeje h}j u{i }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj|

|ci{gfk ucj|j ~gjlj| gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj&

8=‑ s 3‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55<88 bgrj –jscgmgUi} @Hz}j@ H[H}e\‗, 872>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Bgà Mzwj}| ib ucj Aiugif

^gluz}j Gfez|u}w? gfl`zegfk4 8' bi} ‐Ui~ Ujf Fhaj î{j} \l}jjf \uh}‑

gf 872>? =' bi} ‐Ui~ Ujf Fhaj î{j} \uh}‑ gf 8728? <' bi} ‐Ui~ Bgrj

Hlugif ̂ j}bi}ahflj‑ gf 872:? 5' bi} ‐Ui~ Ujf [i}è Misibbglj \uh}‑

gf 8722? hfe :' bi} ‐Ui~ Bgrj Hlugif \uh}|‑ gf 8723? biz} {guc D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|? gfl`zeje h}j u{i }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj| |ci{gfk

ucj|j ~gjlj| gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj& #^`jh|j ki ui


7‑ s 2‑ s 8‑

j|uhu4 %=,:>>!%<,>>>

55<8= U[i H[H}e\, 87:>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg} |u b}ia Ucj Gfuj}|uhuj Lg}lzgu

ib Ucjhu}j| bi} ‐Mgk Dga Al@hgf hfe Ucj Xzgju Ahf?‑ ucj |jlife

b}ia Ucj \ilgjuw ib Ci``w{iie ̂ }j|| ̂ ciuik}h~cj}| bi} ‐&&&h`{hw|

hrhg`gfk cga|j`b ui jrj}w ~ciuik}h~cj}&&&‑ gf 87:5? miuc {guc D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

8;‑ s 85‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




55<8< U[i H[H}e\, 87:>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia ucj Gfej~jfejfu Ucjhu}j

I{fj}| ib H}ohf|h| bi} ‐&&&Ai|u î~z`h} Airgj Hlui}‑ gf 87:<? ucj |jlife

b}ia Ucj Zfguje \uhuj| Hg} Bi}lj ]jl}zgugfk \j}rglj #ui ‐Lh|u hfe L}j{ ib

Mìie H``jw‑ ' bi} ‐&&&bgfj |~g}gu hfe |j}rglj| }jfej}je‑ gf 87::? ifj {guc h D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc

~gjlj&'

8>‑ s 8:‑

j|uhu4 %;>>!%7>>

55<85 biz} H[H}e\, 87:>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? h`` b}ia Ucj Gfej~jfejfu Bgà Diz}fh` bi}

‐Ui~ Aifjw Hlui}‑ bi} ucj wjh}| 87:8!87:= 87:=!87:< 87:<!87:5 hfe

87:5!87::? u{i {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj|j ~gjlj| h}j

|iaj{chu {huj} ehahkje hfe aièw&' #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj


B}haje4 8>‑ s 8=‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55<8: U[i H[H}e\, 87:>\, 87;>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u h ^&H&U&\&W& _^gluz}j Hfgah` Ui~ \uh}

ib ucj Wjh}Q b}ia ucj Haj}glhf Czahfj H||ilghugif bi} ‐\ha #@heegj' ! Eik

#b}ia' Cifei‑ gf 87:< #h{h}e ch| |j}giz| ehahkj'? ucj |jlife b}ia Ucj

Haj}glhf Czahfj H||ilghugif bi} ‐&&&Lifu}gmzugif ui Ucj Czahfj Lhz|j‑ gf

87;<&

83‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<82 Hf H[H}e, 87:2

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Ucj Aiugif ^gluz}j Gfez|u}w ib G``gfig| bi}

‐Fi& 8 \uh} gf ucj \uhuj?‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

82‑ s 85‑

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>




55<8; Hf H[H}e bi} ‐Ucj ci}\j \i@egj}\,‑ 87:7

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Ljfujfh}w Li``jkj ib @izg|ghfh bi} ucj bgà&

#^`jh|j fiuj ~`hlh}e g| cjhrg`w uh}fg|cje hfe |l}hulcje&'

8:‑ s 8>‑

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55<83 Hf H[H}e bi} ‐Ucj H@ Hai,‑ 872>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Kiie Ciz|jojj~gfk Ahkhtgfj bi} ucj bgà?

{guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

8:‑ s 85‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<87 U[i H[H}e\, 872>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia \gkah Lcg bi} ‐Ucjhu}j H}u|

Cifi}‑ fiugfk ‐–=7‑ #ucizkc fiu l`jh} gb ~gjlj {h| hluzh``w h{h}eje gf

87=7'? ucj |jlife b}ia ucj Fhugifh` \ilgjuw Ehzkcuj}| ib ucj Haj}glhf

]jri`zugif bi} ‐Ucj H`hai‑ gf 872>? ifj {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

88‑ s 7‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%::>

55<=> Hf H[H}e, 8722

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ^ciui~`hw Ahkhtgfj bi} ‐Ucj [i}è‗|

Izu|uhfegfk Mis Ibbglj Lcha~gif&&&‑ gf 8722? {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

#^`jh|j fiuj ucg| ~gjlj g| uh}fg|cje hfe gu| bgfg|c {i}f ibb ezj ui hkj&'

87‑ s 8<‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




55<=8 Hf H[H}e, 872;

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Fhugifh` Li{miw Ch`` ib Bhaj hfe [j|uj}f

Cj}guhkj Ljfuj} bi} mjliagfk h ‐U}z|ujj&‑

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55<== U[i H[H}e\, 87;>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia Ucj K}jhuj} @i| Hfkj`j| ^}j|| L`zm bi} ‐87;> Cjhe`gfj} ib ucj Wjh}?‑ ucj |jlife b}ia

ucj Fhugifh` \~i}u|lh|uj}| hfe \~i}u|{}guj}| Ch`` ib Bhaj bi} ‐Lifu}gmzugif| ui @gbj‑ gf 87;7? {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

=>‑ s 85‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




55<=< biz} H[H}e\, 872>|!87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia Bgà UR Ehg`w bi} ‐U}zj K}gu‑ gf

8727? ucj |jlife b}ia ucj Aiugif ^gluz}j Cj}hè bi} ‐Ui~ Aifjw!Ahogfk

\uh}‑ gf 87;8? ucj ucg}e b}ia Ucj Lizflg` if Gfuj}fhugifh` Fifucjhu}glh`

Jrjfu| bi} ‐Ai}j Uchf H ^hwlcjlo‑ gf 87;3? hfe ucj biz}uc b}ia Ucj

Fhugifh` Bgà \ilgjuw bi} ‐H}ug|u}w gf Lgfjah‑ gf 87;3? h`` {guc D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ìu&'

8:‑ s 8=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<=5 \gs H[H}e\, 872>| !87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? gfl`zegfk4 8' b}ia Bhag`w [jjo`w bi} ‐Ai|u

î~z`h} Airgj Hlui}‑ gf 87;5? =' b}ia HHBA^\ bi} ‐[j`liaj ui ucj Airgj|?‑

<' b}ia Ucj Gfuj}fhugifh` Bgà " UR Bj|ugrh` ib Fj{ Wi}o bi} ‐Ai}j Uchf

h ^hwlcjlo‑ gf 87;3? 5' b}ia Bhag`w [jjo`w bi} ‐Bhri}guj Ah`j Airgj

\uh}‑ gf 87;<? :' b}ia ucj Dicf [hwfj Jfucz|gh|u| bi} ‐&&&:> Wjh}| ib

Jfuj}uhgfajfu&&&‑ gf 87;;? hfe 2' h @gaj`gkcu H{h}e bi} ‐Ucj H`hai‑ gf 8728?

h`` {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je


85‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<=: H kizHlcj ^HgfUgfk)H[H}e b}ia Ucj

k}jHUj} @i\ Hfkj@j \ ^}j\\ l@zm, 87;>

]jfej}je if mih}e ej~glugfk rh}giz| rgkfjuuj| }j`hugfk ui [hwfj‗| `gbj |zlch| hf I|lh} hf –\L biiumh`` ~`hwj} h |uhkjlihlc ucj –[gè Kii|j‗ jul&

h ~`hlh}e hu ucj mh|j fiuj| gf ~h}u ‐^}j|jfuje ui ) Dicf [hwfj ) 87;>

Cjhe`gfj} ib ucj Wjh}&&&Dzfj < 87;>‑ |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} ljfuj} ‐]h`~c

[h}}jf 87;>&‑

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 <8‑ s =5‑? [i}o If`w4 =5‑ s 8;‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<=2 H z\l!}j@HUje H[H}e, 87;2

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Zfgrj}|guw ib \izucj}f Lh`gbi}fgh‗| Ui{f

hfe Ki{f k}iz~ bi} mjgfk ‐&&&Fh}}hui} ib ucj Bgà H \h`zuj ui Hrghugif&‑

8=‑ s 8>‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>




55<=; bgrj z\l!}j@HUje H[H}e\, 875>|!872>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? gfl`zegfk4 8' b}ia Ucj \gkah Lcg B}huj}fguw bi} mjgfk ‐&&&ifj ib ucj ai|u ~i~z`h} |uh}| ib ucj |g`rj} |l}jjf ‑ gf 8753? =' b}ia

ucj Kjfj}h` H`zafg H||ilghugif bi} ‐&&&{i}ucw hlcgjrjajfu ‑ gf 872<? <' b}ia

ucj Iljhfik}h~cgl H||ilghuj| bi} mjgfk ‐h ajamj} ‑ gf 8727? 5' h |gag`h}

ifj b}ia 8727? hfe :' b}ia ucj Kjfj}h` H`zafg H||ilghugif bi} mjliagfk

‐@gbj Ajamj} 85 2>8&‑ #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj}

~gjlj|&'

8<‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55<=3 \gs –zfgrj}\gUw‗ H[H}e\, 87:>|!87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? gfl`zegfk4 8' b}ia [hwfj \uhuj Zfgrj}|guw bi}

mjliagfk ‐Hf Cifi}h}w Ajamj}‑ gf 87:2? =' b}ia Lch~ahf Li``jkj gf

8727!;>? <' b}ia Lch~ahf Li``jkj bi} ‐&&&Eg|ugfkzg|cje \j}rglj‑ gf 87;>?

5' b}ia ucj Zfgrj}|guw ib H}gtifh bi} mjliagfk h ‐\gkah Lcg&&&Cifi}h}w

Ajamj}‑ gf 87;>? :' b}ia Lh`gbi}fgh î`wujlcfgl \uhuj Zfgrj}|guw bi}

‐Cifi}h}w @gbj Ajamj}|cg~‑ gf 87;5? hfe 2' b}ia ^j~~j}egfj Zfgrj}|guw bi}

mjgfk ‐Ucj Bizfegfk Biz} Czfe}je‑ gf 87;;? u{i {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

#^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

8:‑ s 87‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<=7 Uc}jj Hg} @gfj\!}j@HUj e H[H}e\, 87:>|!872>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia Lifugfjfuh` Hg} @gfj| Gfl& bi}

mjliagfk ‐&&&h @gbjugaj Ajamj} ib ucj ^}j|gejfu| L`zm‑ gf 872:? ucj |jlife

b}ia Zfguje Hg} @gfj| bi} mjliagfk h ‐ajamj} ib&&&#ucj' Ohahhgfh L`zm‑

gf 87:2? ucj ucg}e b}ia Zfguje Hg} @gfj| bi} mjliagfk h ‐Ajamj} ib&&& #ucj'

8>>>>> Ag`j L`zm‑ lg}lh 87:>|? gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje m`hlo hfe {cguj

gahkj |ci{gfk ifj ib ucj|j ~gjlj| gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj&

#^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

7‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<<> biz} H[H}e\, 87:>|!872>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia Ucj I}ej} ib @hbhwjuuj bi} ‐&&&

@jhej}|cg~ gf Liamhugfk Liaazfg|a‑ gf 8725? ucj |jlife b}ia ucj Jflgfi

]j~zm`glhf [iajf‗| L`zm bi} ‐Zfliaaif Liz}hkj‑ gf 8725? ucj ucg}e b}ia

Ucj [cguj Aizfuhgf Liaazfguw Ci|~guh` bi} mjgfk ‐J`jluje Ahwi} ib ]izfe

Rh``jw H}gt&‑ gf 8723? hfe ucj biz}uc b}ia Zfguje Lj}jm}h` ^h`|w hfe Mim

Ci~j bi} ‐Eg|ugfkzg|cje \j}rglj‑ gf 87:=? uc}jj {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&


8=‑ s 8>‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %;>>!%7>>




55<<8 bgrj H[H}e\, 87:>|!87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? gfl`zegfk4 8' b}ia \ch}j Gfl& bi} ‐&&&zf|j`bg|c

|z~~i}u‑ gf 872;? =' b}ia \ch}j Gfl& bi} ‐&&&kjfj}iz| |z~~i}u‑ gf 87;>?

<' b}ia ucj Fhugifh` Uzmj}lzì|g| H||ilghugif bi} ‐&&&izu|uhfegfk

~h}uglg~hugif gf ucj bgkcu hkhgf|u uzmj}lzì|g|‑ #h{h}eje ui [hwfj hfe

‐Lh|u hfe L}j{ ib Mìie H``jw‑ ' gf 87::? 5' b}ia Bgjè ^ciui Ciaj|

Gfl& bi} ‐Cifi}h}w @gbj Ajamj}|cg~?‑ hfe :' b}ia ucj Kièjf Lg}l`j ib

Lh`gbi}fgh bi} ‐&&&gf|~g}hugifh` " jbbjlugrj |j}rglj?‑ uc}jj {guc D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

82‑ s 8<‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55<<= bgrj –ojw Ui Ucj lgUw‗ H[H}e\, 87:>|!87;>|H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? gfl`zegfk4 8' b}ia Ahwi} Hfucifw D& Lj`jm}jttj

ib L`jrj`hfe _IcgiQ gf 87:2 #~h}u ib h{h}e fi{ m}iojf'? =' b}ia ucj Lizfuw

ib Ohzhg _Ch{hggQ gf 872=? <' b}ia ucj Lguw ib Li|uh Aj|h _Lh`gbi}fghQ gf

872:? 5' b}ia ucj Lguw ib ^hki|h \~}gfk| _Liì}heiQ gf 87;8? hfe :' b}ia

ucj Lguw ib Fhulcjt _Ag||g||g~~gQ lg}lh 872>|? gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje m`hlo

hfe {cguj gahkj |ci{gfk ifj ib ucj|j ~gjlj| gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc ibbglj& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc

~gjlj&'

=>‑ s 85‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55<<< U[i –UjsH\‗ H[H}e\, 872>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia Ucj Ciz|uif \h`j| H||ilghugif

bi} mjgfk ucj ‐&&&ai|u eg|ugfkzg|cje |h`j|ahf ib jfuj}uhgfajfu ib b}jjeia

hfe gfegrgezh` ̀ gmj}uw‑ gf 872>? ucj |jlife b}ia Ucj Ciz|uif Bh}a hfe

]hflc L`zm bi} mjgfk ‐[j|uj}fj} ib ucj Wjh}‑ gf 8725? miuc {guc D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}|? gfl`zeje h}j u{i }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj| |ci{gfk ucj ~gjlj| gf |guz

gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj&

=8‑ s 8<‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55<<5 U[i –UjsH\‗ H[H}e\, 872>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia Eh``h| \j}rglj| bi} M`gfe

Lcgè}jf bi} ‐&&&cg| kjfj}iz| lifu}gmzugif ib –Ucj H`hai‗ bi} h lch}guw

~}jrgj{&&&‑ gf 872>? ucj |jlife b}ia Ucj Ej~h}uajfu ib Ujsh| bi} ‐&&&cg|

~i}u}hwh` ib Ujsh| cg|ui}w gf&&&Ucj H`hai‑ gf 8728 #ag||gfk hf hei}fajfu'?

miuc {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

82‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>



=>> Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55<<: Uc}jj –UjsH\‗ H[H}e\, 87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia ucj \hf Hfuifgi î`glj

Ibbglj}| H||ilghugif bi} ‐&&&H~~}jlghugif ib&&&U}zj K}gu gf mjch`b ib ucj @h{

Jfbi}ljajfu Ibbglj}| ib Iz} Fhugif‑ gf 87;8? ucj |jlife bi} ‐&&&H~~}jlghugif

bi}&&&ucj Cj}guhkj hfe Cg|ui}w ib \hf Hfuifgi Ujsh|‑ gf 87;8? ucj ucg}e b}iaFJLHH ib \hf Hfuifgi Ujsh| bi} ‐\uh} ib ucj Ljfuz}w‑ gf 87;;? u{i {guc D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc

~gjlj&'

8:‑ s 88‑ s =‑ hfe |ah` `j}

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55<<2 biz} H[H}e\, 872>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia ucj Jflgfi Lchamj} ib

Liaaj}lj bi} mjliagfk ucj ‐Cifi}h}w Ahwi} ib Jflgfi‑ gf 87:2? ucj

|jlife b}ia ucj Dicf [hwfj L`zm ib \zmz}mhf ^cg`hej`~cgh bi} ‐&&&^hu}giugl

\j}rglj|‑ gf 872=? ucj ucg}e b}ia ucj H``gje î|u Fi& <>= bi} ‐Haj}glhfg|a‑

gf 8722? hfe ucj biz}uc b}ia ^hz` [& Ojwj| bi} [hwfj‗| ‐2>uc Mg}ucehw‑

gf 872;? uc}jj {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj


2‑ s 7‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<<; biz} –miw \lizU\ ib Haj}glH‗ H[H}e\, 87:>|!87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia ucj @i| Hfkj`j| H}jh Lizflg`

bi} ‐&&Eg|ugfkzg|cje \j}rglj ui Wizuc‑ gf 873> #kgrjf ui ucj J|uhuj

~i|uczaiz|`w'? ucj |jlife b}ia ucj Kièjf Jhk`j L`zm lg}lh 872>|? ucj

ucg}e b}ia ucj @i| Hfkj`j| H}jh Lizflg` bi} ‐&&&Jsja~`gbglhugif ib ucj \~g}gu

ib Haj}glh‑ gf 87;3? hfe ucj biz}uc b}ia ucj @i| Hfkj`j| H}jh Lizflg` bi}

mjliagfk h ‐Ljfuz}w L`zm Ajamj}‑ gf 87:7? ifj {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&


8>‑ s 8<‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<<3 bgrj –@gUU@j @jHkzj‗ H[H}e\, 872>|!87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj bi} |~if|i}|cg~? gfl`zegfk4 8' b}ia ucj Jflgfi

@guu`j @jhkzj 872=? =' b}ia ucj [j|umz}w Haj}glhf @gu u`j @jhkzj gf

Ciz|uif 87;:? <' b}ia ucj Jflgfi Mh|jmh`` Gfl& –Kghfu|‗ 872;? 5' b}ia ucj

\cj}ahf Iho| Fhugifh` @guu`j @jhkzj –Ezoj|‗ 8728? hfe :' b}ia ucj JflgfiMh|jmh`` Gfl& –Kghfu|‗ 8722? ifj {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}& #^`jh|j ki ui


88‑ s 7‑ hfe |ah` `j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =>8

55<<7 Hf H[H}e, lg}lH 872>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ^}j|gejfu Dicf B& Ojffjew‗| ibbglj lh``je

‐Ucj K}jjf Mj}ju‑ h{h}eje bi} ‐&&&ucj Bgkcu bi} B}jjeia?‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}& #^`jh|j fiuj ajuh` |l}i`` g| fi{ zfhuuhlcje mzu lhf mj bgsje&'

8<‑s =3‑ s ;‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<5> biz} –rgjUfHa‗ H[H}e\, 8722

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia GR Li}~| bi} ‐&&&H~~}jlghugif ib&&&

Rg|gu?‑ ucj |jlife b}ia GGG Li}~| Uhluglh` Tifj bi} ‐&&&H~~}jlghugif bi} M}gfkgfk

@grj Jfuj}uhgfajfu ui ucj Bgkcugfk Ajf‑ # ga~}i~j}`w }j~hg}je {guc \liulc

uh~j'? ucj ucg}e b}ia ucj Bg}|u Ah}gfj Hg}l}hbu [gfk BAB? hfe ucj biz}uc b}ia

5 Hg} Liaahfei \xzhe}if bi} mjliagfk hf ‐Cifi}h}w Ajamj}&‑ #^`jh|j ki

ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

8=‑ s 8>‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55<58 Hf H[H}e, 8723

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj \~jlgh` Bi}lj| Ejlhej H||ilghugif bi} ‐&&&izu|uhfegfk jbbi}u| gf mjch`b ib ucj Z&\& H}aw \~jlgh`

Bi}lj|?‑ gfl`zeje g| ucj Dz`w 8723 g||zj ib ‐Rj}guh|‑ _h ag`guh}w fj{|`juuj}Q |ci{gfk hf gahkj ib [hwfj hllj~ugfk ucg| ~gjlj {cglc eg|~`hw|

ucj zfgu l}j|u| ib h`` ucj i~j}hugifh` \~jlgh` Bi}lj|& #^`jh|j fiuj h bj{ ib ucj l}j|u| h}j zf!huuhlcje mzu lhf mj }j~hg}je&'

<<‑ s =>‑

j|uhu4 %;>>!%7>>



=>= Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55<5= U[i H[H}e\, 8727

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia ]iej{hw Gff gf \hù @hoj Lguw

Zuhc gf liaajai}hugif ib ‐Ucj Kièjf \~goj Ljfujffgh`‑ gf 8727? ucj

|jlife `goj`w b}ia |haj ~`hlj bi} ‐Ucj Kièjf \~goj Ja~g}j?‑ miuc {guc D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

8>‑ s 3‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%::>

55<5< Hf H[H}e, 87;>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Lha~hgkf Lchg}ahf #bi}' Uia Chwejf

bi} Lifk}j||& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj }gb`j g| fi{ zf!huuhlcje b}ia mh|j mzu lhf

mj bgsje&'

8=‑ s 5= 8)=‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<55 Hf H[H}e, lg}lH 87;>|

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj B}jjeia| Bizfehugif hu Rh``jw Bi}kj

‐Bi} lif|g|ujfu zfhmh|cje ìwhùw ui Haj}glh hfe gu| gejh`|&&&?‑ {guc h D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}& #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| ~gjlj {jgkc| h~~}isgahuj`w <: ~izfe|&'

=8‑ s 8;‑

j|uhu4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55<5: U[i H[H}e\, 87;>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg} |u b}ia ucj I}hfkj Lizfuw ̂ }j||

L`zm bi} ‐Ahf ib ucj Wjh}‑ gf 87;5? ucj |jlife b}ia ucj Herj}ug|gfk L`zm ib

@i| Hfkj`j| bi} ‐Herj}ug|gfk ̂ j}|ifh`guw ib ucj Wjh}‑ gf 87;3? miuc {guc D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

8<‑ s =>‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =><

55<52 Uc}jj –}j\i@zUgif‗ H[H}e\, 87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg} |u b}ia ucj H||jam`w ib u cj \uhuj ib

Lh`gbi}fgh @jkg|`huz}j bi} ‐Liaajfegfk Dicf [hwfj‑ gf 87;>? ucj |jlifeb}ia ucj \uhuj ib Ujffj||jj bi} mjliagfk hf ‐Cifi}h}w Lgugtjf‑ gf 87;<?

hfe ucj ucg}e b}ia ucj Digfu ]z`j| Liaaguujj ib ucj \jfhuj hfe ucj

H||jam`w ib ucj Lh`gbi}fgh @jkg|`huz}j bi} mjliagfk ucj ‐&&&bg}|u cifi}h}w

lchg}ahf ib ucj Haj}glhf Hk}glzùz}h` Ehw‑ gf 87;;& #^`jh|j ki ui iz}

{jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

=>‑ s 8<‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<5; biz} H[H}e\, 87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia Ucj Gfej~jfejflj Mi{`

H||ilghugif ib ucj Agfzujahf L`zm ib \c}jrj~i}u @izg|ghfh bi} ‐\~g}gu ib

Gfej~jfejflj‑ gf 87;3? ucj |jlife b}ia ucj Lguw ib Aifukiaj}w H`hmhah

hfe Ucj Hg} Bi}lj H||ilghugif bi} ‐Haj}glhf ib ucj Wjh}‑ gf 87;<? ucj

ucg}e b}ia ucj Haj}glhfg|a Jezlhugifh` @jhkzj bi} mjgfk hf ‐Haj}glhf

^hu}giu‑ gf 87;=? hfe ucj biz}uc b}ia ucj ^ji~`j ib Ujffj||jj bi} mjgfk ‐ Hf

Izu|uhfegfk Haj}glhf‑ gf 87;<? u{i {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|& #^`jh|j ki

ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

85‑ s 7‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<53 biz} H[H}e\, 87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia Ucj Ja~ìwjj| ib ucj K}jhu H"^

Ujh Lia~hfw gf Dhlo|if Ag||g||g~~g bi} ‐&&&^hu}giug|a?‑ ucj |jlife b}ia ucj

\z~j} Fgkcu hu ucj \z~j} Mi{` k}iz~ bi} ‐&&&Ahdi} Lifu}gmzugif?‑ ucj ucg}e

b}ia ucj Dzfgi} ]ieji H||ilghugif ib Lh`gbi}fgh bi} ‐&&&\z~~i}u?‑ hfe ucj

biz}uc b}ia ucj Haj}glhf Lhz|j bi} mjliagfk h ‐@gbj Ajamj}&‑ #^`jh|j ki ui


8>‑ s 3‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%::>

55<57 biz} H[H}e\, 87;>|

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia Mgk M}iucj}| ib I}hfkj Lizfuw

Lh`gbi}fgh bi} ‐Izu|uhfegfk \j}rglj?‑ ucj |jlife b}ia ucj Haj}glhf Lhflj}

\ilgjuw ui liaajai}huj ucj ‐H|u}ifhzu Egffj}‑ gf 87;>? ucj ucg}e b}ia ucj

WALH‗| Ljfuz}w L`zm bi} ‐&&&b}gjfe|cg~ hfe kjfj}iz| |z~~i}u?‑ hfe ucj biz}uc

b}ia Z\HB Mh|gl Ag`guh}w \lcii` bi} mjliagfk hf ‐Cifi}h}w AU8?‑ u{i {guc

D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&88‑ s 8>‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>



=>5 Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55<:> Uc}jj H[H}e\, 87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg} |u b}ia ucj Z\ H}aw \gs uc ]jl}zgugfk

Eg|u}glu bi} mjgfk hf ‐Cifi}h}w ]jl}zguj}‑ gf 87;=? ucj |jlife b}ia Ucj Fj{

Wi}o Lguw Cj``| Hfkj`| bi} mjgfk ‐Cjhe Ciflci ib ucj Iè Haj}glhf [j|u?‑

hfe ucj ucg}e b}ia Ucj Z&\& Ah}gfj Li}~| bi} ‐Izu|uhfegfk \z~~i}u?‑ u{i

{guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|? gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ifj

ib ucj|j ~gjlj| gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj& #^`jh|j ki ui iz}

{jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

:‑ s 8<‑ s 8‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55<:8 Uc}jj H[H}e\, 87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia Kiè{huj} H||ilghuj| hfe Mim

Ci~j bi} ‐&&&~}iaiugfk gfegrgezh` b}jjeia hfe lif|uguzugifh` kirj}fajfu‑

gf 87;>? ucj |jlife b}ia ucj Izu|uhfegfk Haj}glhf Chfekzffj} H{h}e|

Bizfehugif bi} ‐Ui~ Ujf Izu|uhfegfk Haj}glhf Chfekzffj}|‑ gf 87;;? ucj

ucg}e b}ia Aglchj` Bg|cj} bi} ‐B}gjfe|cg~‑ gf 87;3? u{i {guc D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

3‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<:= U[i H[H}e\, 87;>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? miuc b}ia Ucj Mh`mih Mhw L`zm _gf Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc LHQ? ucj bg}|u bi} mjgfk if ucj ‐Mih}e ib Kirj}fi}|?‑ ucj |jlife bi}

~h}uglg~hugif gf ucj ‐H``!\uh} Lj`jm}guw Ujffg| Lcha~gif|cg~‑ gf 87;=? miuc

{guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

2‑ s 3‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55<:< Hf H[H}e, 87;3

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj L}j{ ib M`htgfk ^hee`j| Izu}gkkj} Lhfij

L`zm ib Fj{~i}u Mjhlc bi} ‐&&&^h|u \z~~i}u?‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

87‑ s 8:‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =>:

55<:5 Hf H[H}e, 87;7

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Rh}gjuw Lcgè}jf‗| Ci|~guh` bi} mjgfk

‐&&&h Rj}w \~jlgh` B}gjfe&‑ #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| ~gjlj {jgkc| h~~}isgahuj`w <>

~izfe| hfe ~h}u| ib gu h}j lcg~~je&'

82‑ s 8<‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%::>

55<:: Hf H[H}e, 87;7

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj @i| Hfkj`j| î`glj Ej~h}uajfu ui ‐Mjhu

ucj Cj`` Izu ib Lhflj}&‑

85‑ s =7‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<:2 H lj}Ugbg lHUj, 87:>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ^ciui~`hw Ahkhtgfj bi} ‐&&&Cg| ̂ j}bi}ahflj

gf –\hfe| ib G{i Dgah‗ h| ifj ib Haj}glh‗| bgrj ai|u ~i~z`h} ~j}bi}ahflj|

mw h aiugif ~gluz}j hlui}?‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 8;‑ s 83‑? Lj}ugbglhuj If`w4 8>‑ s 8=‑

j|uhu4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

55<:; Uc}jj H[H}e lj}UgbglHUj \, 87:>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? jhlc b}ia ucj Aiugif ^gluz}j Cj}hè bi}

mjgfk ‐&&&ucj Ui~ Aifjw Ahogfk \uh}‑ ib 87:> 87:8 hfe 87:5? h`` b }haje

uikjucj}&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 83 8)=‑ s <=‑? Lj}ugbglhuj| If`w4 88‑ s 3‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>




55<:3 H –UjsH\‗ lj}UgbglHUj, 872>

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Ucj Mih}e ib Eg}jlui}| ib ucj Ogffjw Lizfuw

Lchamj} ib Liaaj}lj bi} ‐&&&|j`jlugfk Ogffjw Lizfuw Ujsh| h| ucj ìlhugif

bi} ucj bgàgfk ib ucj aiugif ~gluz}j Ucj H`hai&‑ #^`jh|j fiuj ucj ~gjlj ch|

liaj zf!aizfuje b}ia gu| ahu gf|gej ucj b}haj&'Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 87‑ s 82‑? Lj}ugbglhuj If`w4 8<‑ s 7‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<:7 H –UjsH\‗ lj}UgbglHUj, 87;7

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia Ucj \uhuj ib Ujsh| bi} mjliagfk ‐&&&hf

Cifi}h}w Lh~uhgf ib ucj Ujsh| ]hfkj}|&‑

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 =5‑ s =;‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<2> \gs lj}UgbglHUj\, 87;>|

H`` ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? gfl`zegfk4 8' b}ia Ucj Z&\& H}ai} H||ilghugif

bi} ‐Cifi}h}w @gbj Ajamj}|cg~?‑ =' b}ia Ucj \uhuj ib Ujffj||jj bi}

mjliagfk hf ‐Cifi}h}w Lgugtjf ib Ujffj||jj‑ gf 87;<? <' b}ia Ucj

^}j|gejfu‗| Lizflg` if ̂ cw|glh̀ Bgufj|| hfe \~i}u| bi} ‐&&&hlugrj |z~~i}u?‑

5' b}ia ucj Lguw ib Uzl|if H}gtifh bi} mjliagfk hf ‐Cifi}h}w Lgugtjf ib Uzl|if‑ gf 87;>? :' b}ia Ucj ^huuif \ilgjuw bi} mjgfk h ‐&&&K}jhu Haj}glhf?‑

hfe 2' b}ia ucj Fif Liaag||gifje Ibbglj}| H||ilghugif ib ucj Zfguje

\uhuj| ib Haj}glh bi} mjliagfk hf‐Cifi}h}w Ajamj}‑ gf 87;8? u{i {guc D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc

~gjlj&'

8< 8)=‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %2>>!%3>>

55<28 H lj}Ugb glHUj, 87;7

^}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Lguw ib Hrhìf \hfuh Lhuh`gfh G|`hfe bi}

‐H ]j|i`zugif&&&Cifi}gfk Dicf [hwfj?‑ h`|i gfl`zeje g| h rgfuhkj }je {cgujhfe m`zj liuuif |lh}b ej~glugfk rh}giz| lh}uiif!`goj gahkj| ib ucj bhaiz|

g|`hfe&

Lj}ugbglhuj? Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 8<‑ s 88‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||gif Ifj Hzlugif ,;>5: p Ucz}|ehw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =>;

55<2= U[i H[H}e\, 87:>|!872>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia ucj Gfuj}fhugifh` Hlui}| Kzgè bi} ‐Cifi}h}w @gbjugaj

Ajamj}|cg~‑ gf 87:3 ch`àh}oje |uj}`gfk |g`rj}? ucj |jlife h ajeh``gif b}ia ^h}jfu| Ahkhtgfj bi} ‐ Ucj

H`hai ) Ucj Airgj ) ib ucj Aifuc bi} Bhag`w Hzegjflj|‑ gf 872> ciz|je gf h m`zj rj`rju |uhfe? gfl`zeje

g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ifj ib ucj|j ~gjlj| gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj&

5‑ s :‑ hfe |ah``j}

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55<2< Hf H[H}e, 8723

H ajeh``gif? ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia [\M Uj`jrg|gif bi} ‐&&&Zf~}jljejfuje

Ejriugif ui Haj}glh?‑ ciz|je gf gu| i{f mis jami||je {guc ‐\h`zuj ui Haj}glh

H{h}e ) Dicf [hwfj&‑

Eghajuj}4 < 8)=‑

j|uhu4 %;>>!%7>>




55<25 Hf H[H}e, lg}lH 87;>|

H ajeh``gif? ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Rjuj}hf| ib Bi}jgkf [h}| ib ucj Z&\& bi} ‐Eg|ugfkzg|cje ̂ hu}giugl \j}rglj?‑

ciz|je gf h {iiejf eg|~`hw lh|j {cj}j miuc |gej| ib ucj ~gjlj lhf mj |jjf&

Ajeh``gif If`w4 = 8)=‑? Lh|j4 ;‑ s 3‑ s =‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<2: H kj}aHf H[H}e, 87:2H rh|j ahej ib {cguj ~i}lj`hgf {guc ucj lguw ib Mj}`gf‗| |wami` if b}ifu gf|l}g~ugif if mhlo gf Kj}ahf }jhe| #Jfk`g|c u}hf|`hugif'4

‐Gf bife }jajam}hflj ib cg| rg|gu ui iz} G|`hfe Lguw ! Mj}`gf \jfhu?‑ ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj if ‐=3!8!87:2‑ _Dhfzh}w =3 87:2Q&

Cjgkcu4 8: 8)=‑

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>

55<22 U[i H[H}e ^@HUU j}\, 872>|!87;>|

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u |g`rj}!~`huje b}ia Ucj Fiu}j Ehaj L`zm ib Lcglhki bi} ‐&&&Jsu}hi}egfh}w Uh`jfu‑ gf 87;2? ucj |jlife m}h|| b}ia ucj Lgugj| ib

Eh``h| hfe Bi}u [i}uc bi} ‐Ucj [h} [hkif [i}è ^}jagj}j‑ gf 872;? ifj {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj ejuhg`je gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

Eghajuj}4 82‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|uhu4 %:>>!%;>>



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55<2; Hf HffiuHuje [i}ogfk \l}g~u b}ia ‐ [Hoj ib ucj }je [gulc‑

]j~zm`gl 8753& Kièjf}ie b}ifu lirj} #fi mhlo lirj}' |l}jjf ~`hw mw Ch}}w M}i{f

hffiuhugif `goj`w gf [hwfj‗| chfe {}guujf gf ~jflg` if z~~j} ljfuj} }jhe| ‐D& [hwfj,‑

ehuje ‐Ahw ==, 8753,‑ ah}oje ‐J|ugahugfk!\ciiugfk \l}g~u,‑ 8>7 ~hkj| h bj{

hffiuhugif| mw [hwfj gf ~jflg` uc}izkcizu ahgf`w rj}w |`gkcu }jrg|gif| ui ucj eghìkzj|zlc h|4 ~hkj 25 ‐G eif‗u ofi{ ) G eif‗u {hfu ui jrj} cz}u‑ #gf|ujhe ib ‐G egef‗u {hfu

ui cz}u wiz‑ '? ~hkj 38 ‐G eif‗u m`haj,‑ hfe |gag`h} agfi} lchfkj| h bj{ ~hkj| h}j

eik!jh}je i} chrj lj}uhgf |jfujflj| zfej}`gfje gf ~jflg`& #^`jh|j fiuj lirj} g|

zfhuuhlcje b}ia m}he| hfe ah}kgf| ib ~hkj| h}j |iaj{chu b}hwje&'

8<‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>

55<23 H [i}ogfk \l}g~u b}ia ‐u cj ci}\j \iègj}\‑

Zfguje H}ug|u| 87:7& ]je lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Dicf @jj Ahcgf hfe

Ah}ugf ]hlogf ehuje ‐\j~ujamj} 7, 87:3,‑ ah}oje ‐Bgfh`,‑ 8:: ~hkj|

{guc fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu hài|u jrj}w

|gfk`j ~hkj g| bièje gf ch`b mw [hwfj h| {h| cg| chmgu {guc |l}g~u| cj

z|je if |ju ifj ~hkj ib hffiuhugif| mw [hwfj gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo if

ucj rj}|i ib ~hkj 83 }jhegfk gf bz``4 ‐Hf i~j}hugif |i ) ga~i}uhfu ucj cgkc

) liaahfe {g`` liaagu ) h m}gkhej ofi{gfk bz`` {j`` ) ucj}j g| ̀ guu`j i} fi

) lchflj ib }juz}f ) hfe uchu lì{f ) lhf |u}g~ aj ib ) ~j}|iffj` uchu G )

bjj` g| rguh` ui ) gu| |zllj||&‑ #^`jh|j fiuj lirj}| hfe ~hkj| h}j {}gfo`je

hfe |iaj{chu b}hwje&'

[guc D[‗| Biè|4 88‑ s :‑? Zfbièje4 88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>



=8> Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55<27 Hf HffiuHuje [i}ogfk \l}g~u b}ia ‐cj``bgkcu j}\‑

Zfgrj}|h` 8723& ]je lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Dicf @jj Ahcgf chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif| gf m`hlo bjù ug~ gfo mw [hwfj if }gkcu |gej ib lirj} }jhe| ‐Lcjj|j lhoj )

Lhagi| ) \hfe ~jmm`j ) 3 8)= aje,‑ fiugfk {i}ogfk ugu`j ib ‐Ucj Cj``bgkcuj}|,‑ ehuje ‐Bjm}zh}w =;, 8723,‑ ah}oje ‐Bgfh` \l}jjf~`hw,‑ {guc fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u

lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu ai|u ~hkj| bièje gf ch`b mw [hwfj h| {h| cg| chmgu {guc |l}g~u| cj z|je if |ju {guc fzaj}iz| hffiuhugif| mw [hwfj gf rh}giz| liì}|

ib gfo uc}izkcizu ahgf`w }jrg|gif| ui ucj eghìkzj i} –fiuj| ui |j`b‗ |zlc h|4 ~hkj ;> ‐[cw ei wiz kju h`` ) z~|ju9 ) G h|oje wiz ) h |ga~`j xzj|ugif?‑ ~hkj 8=5

‐G |z~~i|j {j m`zfej} ) bi} ucj |hoj ib ~ciuik}h~cw ) H}j wiz |jfegfk h ahf ) hìfk {guc ucj ) ~gluz}j ui js~`hgf9 ) kgrj gu ui aj 8|u?‑ ~hkj 8=3 ‐Eij|f‗u )ahoj

|jf|j?‑ rj}|i ib ~hkj 8=7 ‐\iajmiew ) {hoj aj z~?‑ hfe ahfw iucj} `goj fiuj|& #^`jh|j fiuj lirj}| h}j |iaj{chu |uhgfje hfe ~hkj| h}j {}gfo`je&'

88‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55<;> Hf HffiuHuje [i}ogfk \l}g~u b}ia ‐u cj u}Hgf }immj}\‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;<& Fi lirj}| |ju gf|gej h uhf `jhucj} |l}g~u lirj} jami||je ‐Dicf [hwfj

) =2 ) 8727‑ _ucj –=2 Mh} ]hflc‗ ìkiQ fi hzuci}|cg~ fiuje fiu ehuje 8>: ~hkj| {guc

fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu hài|u jrj}w |gfk`j ~hkj g| bièje gf ch`b

#i} bièje gf ch`b hkhgf' mw [hwfj h| {h| cg| chmgu {guc |l}g~u| cj z|je if |ju fzaj}iz|

hffiuhugif| mw [hwfj gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo uc}izkcizu ahgf`w agfi} }jrg|gif| ui ucj eghìkzj|zlc h|4 ~hkj <3 ‐Ucj kiie ì}e ) uiio lh}j ib uchu?‑ ~hkj 58 ‐@ju aj bgfg|c cga ) mj|u ci}|j

jrj} i{fje?‑ ~hkj 5< ‐Ahwmj {j ) lhf kju |iaj ) |czu jwj ) mjbi}j ucj |zf ) liaj| z~?‑

hfe ahfw iucj} |gag`h} fiuj|& #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| |l}g~u g| cjhrg`w {huj} ehahkje hfe ucj

~hkj| h}j m}guu`j&'

88 8)=‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =88

55<;8 Hf HffiuHuje [i}ogfk \l}g~ u b}ia ‐aX‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;5& Agfu k}jjf lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw @h{}jflj ]iahf

chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif g| m`zj mh``~igfu gfo if z~~j} }gkcu li}fj} }jhe| ‐A}&

[hwfj‗| Li~w,‑ ehuje ‐Ahw 8=, 87;<,‑ ah}oje ‐Bgfh`,‑ 8=8 ~hkj| hài|u jrj}w

|gfk`j ~hkj bièje gf ch`b #i} bièje gf ch`b hkhgf' mw [hwfj h| {h| cg| chmgu {guc

|l}g~u| cj z|je if |ju h |ah`` haizfu ib hffiuhugif| mw [hwfj gf m`zj bjù!ug~

gfo uc}izkcizu ahgf`w |ah`` }jrg|gif| ui ucj eghìkzj |zlc h|4 ~hkj <= ‐]zf

gu |aiiuc ) eif‗u kju hfw ucgfk ) eifj )&&&G‗a h lgugtjf ) G lhf |hw ) hfwucgfk G )

{hfu?‑ ~hkj <: ‐Wiz {j}j dz|u izu ib ~gkuhg`|,‑ haifk h bj{ iucj}|? {guc h D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}& #^`jh|j fiuj miuc lirj}| h}j |uhgfje hfe liagfk zfhuuhlcje

b}ia ucj m}he| hfe h`` ~hkj| h}j b}hwje hfe {}gfo`je&'

[guc D[‗| Biègfk4 88‑ s :‑? Zfbièje4 88‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>

55<;= Hf HffiuHuje \l}g~u b}ia ‐lg}lz\ [i}è‑

^h}haizfu 8725& Fi lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw B}hfo Lh~}h ehuje ‐Ah}lc =7, 872<,‑ fiugfk {i}ogfk ugu`j ib ‐Lg}lz|,‑ bz}ucj} fiugfk ‐B}hfo Lh~}h Rj}|gif,‑ =8= ~hkj|

{guc fzaj}iz| ~hkj| eik!jh}je hfe hffiuhuje mw [hwfj uc}izkcizu gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo {cg`j cj {h| }jhegfk gu ahgf`w izu`gfgfk cg| lia~`hgfu| hmizu ucj `jhe

lch}hluj} |zlc h|4 rj}|i ib ~hkj 3: ‐Dj|z| Lc}g|u(‑? rj}|i ib ~hkj 7< ‐Khm!Khm ) Khm( hfe ) hf gegiu ‗| ~ìu ~igfu(‑?rj}|i ib ~hkj 8>; ‐Cj}j g| {chu ) g| }jh``w {}ifk

) {guc ucg| |l}g~u ) Lh~}h ch| ) Ezoj agsje ) z~ {guc Kjfj ) Hzu} w i} ) Dicffw Ahlo M}i{f?‑ rj}|i ib ~hkj 8=: ‐ucg| g| uw~glh``w ) Dgaaw \uj{h}u‑ hfe ahfw iucj}

|gag`h} l}gugxzj|& [hwfj chuje Lh~}h‗| rj}|gif |i gfujf|j`w uchu cj jfeje z~ cg}gfk cg| ìfk!ugaj li``hmi}hui} Dhaj| Je{h}e K}hfu ui }j!{}guj gu& #^`jh|j fiuj h bj{

~hkj| h}j ìi|j b}ia ucj m}he| hfe ai|u ~hkj| h}j |iaj{chu {}gfo`je&'

88 8)=‑ s 3 8)= ‐s 8 8)=‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



=8= Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55<;< Hf HffiuHuje

\l}g~u b}ia ‐lcg\za‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;>& Wj`ì{ lirj}| |l}jjf

~`hw mw Hfe}j{ D& Bjfhew fiu ehuje ah}oje

‐=fe E}hbu,‑ 8<; ~hkj| {guc h |ah`` haizfu

ib hffiuhugif| mw [hwfj gf m`zj mh``~igfu ~jf

uc}izkcizu ahgf`w |`gkcu }jrg|gif| ui eghìkzj

i} –fiuj| ui |j`b‗ |zlc h|4 rj}|i ib ~hkj :

‐\iajucgfk ib ) lh}j`j||fj|| if ucj ) ~h} u ib

Ahej}h {h}fgfk ) b}ia M}hew ) Lcg|za egef‗u

kju uchu {hw ) mjgfk |ibu?‑ rj}|i ib ~hkj 8;

‐Mg``w i} Uz}f|uh`` ) Lchfkje wiz} agfe, |g}j&&&

Gfrguhugif| hf gfrguhugif ) G gfrguje cga ) Uchfo|

Dicf?‑ ~`z| h bj{ eiie`j| hfe iucj} agfi}

ah}ogfk|& #^`jh|j fiuj b}ifu lirj} g| |iaj{chu

|uhgfje&'

88‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55<;5 H [H}e}imj lifugfzgu w \l}g~u b}ia ‐lcg\za‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;>& Kièjf}ie lirj}| |ju gf|gej bz}ucj} ahfg`h lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Hfe}j{ D& Bjfhew rh}giz| ehuj| fiuje b}ia ‐\j~ujamj} 8727‑ if {guc

lizfu`j|| ~hkj| heeje ui ucj |uhfeh}e |l}g~u bi} {h}e}imj hfe iucj} lifugfzguw ~z}~i|j| uhm| hbbgsje ui |gej |ci{ gfegrgezh` lch}hluj} fhaj| jhlc ~hkj ch| h

chfe{}guujf gujagthugif ib h`` h}ugl`j| ib lìucgfk bi} uchu lch}hluj} ~`z| huuhlcje |ah`` liì} ~ciuik}h~c| |ci{gfk ucj hlui} gf li|uzaj? hmizu |jrjf fjrj}!mjbi}j!

|jjf ~ciui| h}j ib [hwfj {cg`j iucj}| ej~glu cg| li!|uh}| gfl`zegfk Bi}j|u Uzloj} Lc}g|ui~cj} Kji}kj Mjf Dicf|if hfe ^haj`h AlAw`j} haifk iucj}|? jsujf|grj

fiuj| chfe{}guujf gf ~jflg` h~~jh} uc}izkcizu h| ei iucj} ~ciuik}h~c| |ci{gfk ucj |ju hfe ucj hlui}|? irj}h`` ucg| g| h lia~}jcjf|grj hfe cgkc`w ejuhg`je ìio hu

ucj mjcgfe!ucj!|ljfj| {i}ogfk| ib ucg| bgà& #^`jh|j fiuj ai|u ~ciuik}h~c| h}j fi{ zfk`zje b}ia ucjg} i}gkgfh` ~hkj|&'

88‑ s 7‑ s =‑

j|h4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =8<

55<;: Hf HffiuHu je \ l}g~u b}ia ‐lHcg `` z& \& aH}\cH` ‑̀

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;<& Kièjf}ie lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Ch}}w Dz`ghf Bgfo hfe

]guh A& Bgfo fiugfk {i}ogfk ugu`j ib ‐[jefj|ehw Ai}fgfk,‑ fiu ehuje 883

~hkj| h bj{ hffiuhugif| mw [hwfj gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo uc}izkcizu ahgf`w

fiuj| ui cga|j`b if cg| gfgugh` }jhegfk |zlc h|4 rj}|i ib ~hkj 88 ‐Ahwmj

Lcgfhahf u}wgfk ) ui kju oge| izu ! fi aifjw ug`` ) mhfo i~jf|?‑ if ~hkj <;

‐Fi uii ) |uhkjw?‑ if ~hkj 57 ‐hfe G {h| mi}f ga~hugjfu?‑ hfe iucj} `goj

fiuj|? {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj}j g| {huj} ehahkj hfe

ai|u ~hkj| h}j {}gfo`je&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55<;2 H [i}ogfk \l}g~u b}ia ‐u }izm`j Hìfk ucj [Hw‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87:<& Kièjf}ie lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Aj`rg``j \chrj`|if

hfe Dhlo ]i|j i{fj}|cg~ |gkfhuz}j ~jffje gf z~~j} `jbu li}fj} ib lirj}

}jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj,‑ fiugfk {i}ogfk ugu`j ib ‐Hàh Ahuj},‑ ehuje ‐Ilu& 8>,

87:=,‑ ah}oje ‐Bgfh`,‑ 8=7 ~hkj| {guc fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj

~hkj| uc}izkcizu h fzamj} ib ~hkj| bièje gf ch`b mw [hwfj h| {h| cg|

chmgu {guc |l}g~u| cj z|je if |ju fi hffiuhugif|& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj}j g|

{huj} ehahkj ui ucj lirj}| mzu gf|gej ~hkj| h}j fiu hbbjluje&'88‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



=85 Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55<;; H [i}ogfk \l}g~u b}ia ‐eifirHf‗\ }jjb ‑

^h}haizfu 872<& Fi lirj}| |ju gf|gej h ch}e|cj`` |l}g~u lirj} bjhuz}gfk

h chfe~hgfuje gahkj ib hf g|`hfe {guc ujsu mjì{ }jhegfk ‐Eifirhf‗| ]jjb

) Ezoj,‑ |l}jjf ~`hw mw B}hfo Fzkjfu hfe Dhaj| Je{h}e K}hfu ehuje ‐Dz`w

8<, 872=,‑ ah}oje ‐\ciiugfk \l}g~u,‑ 888 ~hkj| {guc fzaj}iz| liì}je

|l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu hài|u jrj}w |gfk`j ~hkj g| bièje gf ch`b

mw [hwfj h| {h| cg| chmgu {guc |l}g~u| cj z|je if |ju fi hffiuhugif|&

#^`jh|j fiuj ~hkj| h}j |iaj{chu |uhgfje hfe uhuuj}je&'

88 8)=‑ s 7 8)=‑

Ucg| {h| ucj ̀ h|u bgà Dicf [hwfj hfe Dicf Bi}e ahej uikjucj}&

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55<;3 H [i}ogfk \l}g~u b}ia ‐ucj \if\ ib oHug j jèj}‑

^h}haizfu 872:& Lirj}| }jairje ehuje ‐Ejljamj} =5, 8725,‑ ah}oje

‐]jrg|je Bgfh` [cguj \l}g~u,‑ 858 ~hkj| ai|u ~hkj| bièje gf ch`b mw

[hwfj h| {h| cg| chmgu {guc |l}g~u| cj z|je if |ju fi hffiuhugif|& #^`jh|j

fiuj h`` ~hkj| h}j b}hwje hfe {}gfo`je&'

[guc D[‗| Biègfk4 88‑ s 2‑? Zfbièje4 88‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =8:

55<;7 H [i}ogfk \l}g~u b}ia ‐Dicf [Hwfj‗\ u}gmzuj ui Haj }glH‑

FML Uj`jrg|gif 87;>& Fi lirj}| |ju gf|gej h |l}g~u lirj} jami||je ‐Ucj Dicf

[hwfj \~jlgh` ) Dicf [hwfj‑ _hoh ‐\{gfk Izu, \{jju @hfe‑ Q fi hzuci}|cg~

fiuje ehuje ‐7!8>!;>,‑ 8:< ~hkj| {guc fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj|

uc}izkcizu ahfw ~hkj| h}j bièje gf ch`b mw [hwfj h| {h| cg| chmgu {guc |l}g~u|

cj z|je if |ju fiu hffiuhuje& #^`jh|j fiuj lirj} g| |iaj{chu |uhgfje&'

88 8)=‑ s 7 8)=‑

Ucg| ahej!bi}!uj`jrg|gif |~jlgh`, {cglc i}gkgfh``w hg}je if Firjamj} =7, 87;>,

che hf ga~}j||grj h``!|uh} lh|u gfl`zegfk #gf h`~chmjuglh` i}ej}'4 Hff!Ah}k}ju,

@zlg``j Mh``, Dhlo Mjffw, ]i|lij @jj M}i{fj, Kji}kj Mz}f|, K`jf Lha~mj``,

Dicffw Lh|c, Mgfk L}i|mw, ̂ cw``g| Eg``j}, @i}fj K}jjfj, Lj`j|uj Cià, Mim Ci~j,

Aglchj` @hfeif, Ejhf Ah}ugf, Je AlAhcif, Ehrge hfe ]glow Fj`|if, [g``gha

\chufj}, hfe ]je \ojùif, haifk ahfw iucj}|&

j|h4 %=,>>>!%5,>>>

55<3> H [i}ogfk \l}g~u b}ia ‐u cj li[miw\‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;=& @gkcu m`zj lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw G}rgfk ]hrjulc hfe Ch}}gju B}hfo D}& ehuje ‐Ah}lc 3, 87;8,‑ {guc fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj|

uc}izkcizu {guc ai|u ~hkj| bièje gf ch`b mw [hwfj h| {h| cg| chmgu {guc |l}g~u| cj z|je if |ju fi hffiuhugif| ciz|je gf h m`hlo mgfej} {guc hf gahkj ib h

biiumh`` hfe ‐Dicf [hwfj‑ jami||je gf {cguj if ucj lirj} h =:!~hkj |ciiugfk |lcjez`j h`|i jflì|je gf |haj mgfej} {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}& #^`jh|j fiuj h``

~hkj| h}j b}hwje hfe {}gfo`je&'

88‑ s 7‑ s =‑

j|h4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>




55<38 H \l}g~u b}ia ‐uH`` g f ucj \Hee`j‑

]OI 8755& ^gfo lirj} #fi mhlo lirj}' |l}jjf ~`hw mw Aglchj` Cikhf hfe

^hz` ^& Bgs hffiuhugif #gf zfofi{f chfe' gf m`hlo bizfuhgf ~jf gfo gf ucj

z~~j} }gkcu li}fj} }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj ) \uhkj <,‑ ehuje ‐Ah}lc 2, 8755,‑

ah}oje ‐Bgfh` \l}g~u,‑ 75 ~hkj| #ucj `h|u bj{ ~hkj| h}j ag||gfk' {guc

fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55<3= H \l}g~u b}ia ‐ucjw [j}j js~jfeHm`j‑

Aju}i!Kiè{wf!Ahwj} 875:& Kièjf}ie lirj}| fi hzuci}|cg~ fiuje

b}ifu lirj} fiuj| ‐\l}g~u Iohwje mw4 ) A}& Dicf Bi}e,‑ ehuje ‐Bjm ;, 875:,‑

ah}oje ‐Lia~`juj ]j}zf,‑ 8<7 ~hkj| {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w&

88‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %5,>>>!%2,>>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =8;

55<3< H \l}g~u b}ia ‐b` Haj ib ucj mH}mH}w liH\u‑

]j~zm`gl 875:& Kièjf}ie lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Mi}ejf Lch|j ehuje ‐Dzfj

87, 8755,‑ ah}oje ‐\ciiugfk \l}g~u,‑ {guc i{fj}|cg~ fhaj gf z~~j} }gkcu li}fj}

#ucizkc fiu gf [hwfj‗| chfe' 8>8 ~hkj| {guc h bj{ liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj

~hkj| uc}izkcizu ifj ~hkj hffiuhuje gf ~jflg` `goj`w mw [hwfj rj}|i ib ~hkj

8>> ‐Uhsj|9 ) G chrjf‗u kiu h egaj ) B`hsjf ̀ hzkc|&‑ Gfuj}j|ugfk`w [hwfj ~`hwje

h lch}hluj} fhaje ‐Ezoj‑ gf ucg| bgà& #^`jh|j fiuj lirj}| h}j |uhgfje hfe

{}gfo`je&'

8<‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55<35 H \l}g~u b}ia ‐[guciz u }j\j}rHugif\‑

]OI 8752& ^gfo lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Hfe}j{ \iù hffiuhugif gf ~jflg`

mw zfofi{f chfe if z~~j} }gkcu li}fj} }jhe| ‐ Dicf [hwfj ) ]z|uw,‑ fiugfk

{i}ogfk ugu`j ib ‐Uchfo|, Kie( G‗`` Uhoj Gu B}ia Cj}j,‑ ehuje ‐Iluimj} 8>,

875:,‑ 8<3 ~hkj| {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w& #^`jh|j fiuj lirj}| h}j |uhgfje&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




55<3: H \l}g~u b}ia ‐Hfkj` Hfe ucj mHeaHf‑

]j~zm`gl 875;& ^gfo lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Dhaj| Je{h}e K}hfu fiugfk {i}ogfk

ugu`j ib ‐Ucj Kzf,‑ ehuje ‐Ah}lc 87, 8752,‑ ah}oje ‐\ciiugfk \l}g~u,‑ 38 ~hkj|

{guc fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w&

#^`jh|j fiuj ucj b}ifu lirj} g| zfhuuhlcje b}ia ucj m}he| hfe ucj gfuj}gi} ~hkj|

h}j {}gfo`je&'

8<‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55<32 H \l}g~u b}ia ‐u wliif‑

]OI 875;& @gkcu m`zj lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Dicf U{g|u ehuje ‐\j~ujamj}

<>, 8752,‑ ah}oje ‐Bg}|u E}hbu Lifugfzguw,‑ 8=7 ~hkj| {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j

li~w& #^`jh|j fiuj lirj}| h}j |iaj{chu |uhgfje&'

88‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>




55<3; H \l}g~u b}ia ‐}je }grj }‑

Zfguje H}ug|u| 8753& @gkcu m`zj lirj}| fi hzuci}|cg~ fiuje fiugfk

{i}ogfk ugu`j ib ‐Ucj ]je ]grj},‑ ehuje ‐Hzkz|u =<, 8752,‑ ah}oje ‐Bg}|u

Bgfh`,‑ 85; ~hkj| {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w& #^`jh|j fiuj lirj}| h}j |uhgfje

hfe {}gfo`je&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55<33 H \l}g~u b}ia ‐u cj uc}jj kiebHucj}\‑

Aju}i!Kiè{wf!Ahwj} 8753& @gkcu m`zj lirj}| ehuje ‐Bjm}zh}w =;, 8753,‑

ah}oje ‐\ciiugfk Lifugfzgu w,‑ 882 ~hkj| {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w& #^`jh|j

fiuj ucj lirj}| h}j |iaj{chu |uhgfje&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>



==> Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55<37 H \l}g~u b}ia ‐\cj [i}j H wj` ì[ }gmmif‑

]OI 8757& Wj`ì{ lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw B}hfo \& Fzkjfu hfe @hz}jflj

\uh``gfk| ehuje ‐Iluimj} 82, 8753,‑ ah}oje ‐\ciiugfk \l}g~u,‑ 8:5 ~hkj|

{h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w&

88‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55<7> H \l}g~u b}ia ‐ucj bgkcugfk ojfuzlogHf‑

]j~zm`gl 8757& @gkcu m`zj lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Kji}kj [hkkfj} fiugfk {i}ogfk

ugu`j ib ‐Jhk`j| gf Jsg`j,‑ ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w =8, 8757,‑ ah}oje ‐J|ugahugfk!\ciiugfk,‑

88< ~hkj| fiu hffiuhuje {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w&

8<‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û ==8

55<78 H \l}g~u b}ia ‐b`wgfk `j Hucj}fjlo\‑

]OI 87:8& Uhf lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Mjg}fj @hw D}& hfe Dhaj| Je{h}e

K}hfu hffiuhugif gf zfofi{f chfe gf ~jflg` if z~~j} ah}kgf }jhe| A}&

Dicf [hwfj,‑ ehuje ‐Iluimj} 87, 87:>,‑ ah}oje ‐^h}u G ]jrg|je Bgfh`

\l}g~u,‑ 885 ~hkj| {guc fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu


88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55<7= H \l}g~u b}ia ‐ucj \j H lcH\j‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87::& Kièjf}ie lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Dicf U{g|u

chfe{}guujf i{fj}|cg~ |gkfhuz}j gf }je gfo if ui~ ljfuj} ib lirj} }jhe|

‐Ezoj,‑ ehuje ‐\j~ujamj} =;, 87:5,‑ ah}oje ‐Bgfh`,‑ 8>2 ~hkj| {h|

[hwfj‗| bg`j li~w&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>



=== Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55<7< H \l}g~u b}ia ‐ucj lifXzj}i}‑

]OI 87:2& Uhf lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw I|lh} Ag``h}e ehuje ‐Ahw 85,

87:5,‑ ah}oje ‐Bgfh` \l}g~u,‑ 8<3 ~hkj| {guc fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u

lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55<75 H \l}g~u b}ia ‐ucj [gfk\ ib ucj jHk`j \‑

Aju}i!Kiè{wf!Ahwj} 87:;& Kièjf}ie lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw B}hfo

Bjfuif ehuje ‐=!=>!:2‑ hfe ‐Dzf =7, 87:2,‑ ah}oje ‐Lia~`juj ]j}zf,‑

8=5 ~hkj| {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w& #^`jh|j fiuj lirj}| h}j |iaj{chu

|uhgfje&'

88‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û ==<

55<7: H \l}g~u b}ia ‐}gi m}Hri‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87:7& Fi lirj}| fi hzuci}|cg~ fiuje fiu ehuje ah}oje

‐Bgfh` E}hbu,‑ hffiuhuje mw hf zfofi{f chfe gf z~~j} }gkcu li}fj} gf m`hlo

bjù!ug~ gfo ‐Ah}w \u& Dicf _[hwfj‗| ìfkugaj |jl}juh}wQ ) ^`jh|j |hrj

) D&[&‗| ~j}|ifh` ) |l}g~u b}ia –]gi @imi‗ ) Uchfs ,‑ 8:: ~hkj| ucj bg}|u

biz}ujjf ~hkj| bièje gf ch`b mw [hwfj h| {h| cg| chmgu {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j

li~w ucizkc ~i||gm`w z|je if |ju& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj ugu`j ~hkj g| {}gfo`je

hfe b}hwje&'

88‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55<72 H \l}g~u b}ia ‐fi}uc ui H` H\oH‑

=>uc Ljfuz}w Bis 872>& Uhf lirj}| fi hzuci}|cg~ fiuje fiugfk {i}ogfk

ugu`j ib ‐Ucj H`h|ohf|,‑ fiu ehuje ah}oje ‐]jrg|je \l}jjf~`hw,‑ 82> ~hkj|


88 8)=‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>



==5 Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55<7; H \l}g~u b}ia ‐u cj liaHflcj}i\‑

=>uc Ljfuz}w Bis 8728& @gkcu m`zj lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Dhaj| Je{h}e

K}hfu ehuje ‐Ahw <, 8728,‑ ah}oje ‐Bgfh`,‑ 8=3 ~hkj| fzaj}iz| liì}je

|l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w& #^`jh|j fiuj }gkcu

ah}kgf ib lirj} g| {}gfo`je&'

88 8)=‑ s 7 8)=‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55<73 uc}jj \l}g~u\ b}ia ‐ci[ ucj [j\ u [H\ [if‑

Aju}i!Kiè{wf!Ahwj} 872=& Kièjf}ie lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Dhaj| [jmm hfe Dicf Khw jhlc {guc h egbbj}jfu ehuj ib ‐7!2!2>,‑ ‐8!<8!28,‑ i} ‐Ah}lc ;, 872=,‑ ifj

ah}oje ‐Gflia~`juj,‑ 3< ~hkj| 85> ~hkj| hfe 822 ~hkj| {j}j [hwfj‗| rh}giz| bg`j li~gj|&

88‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û ==:

55<77 H \l}g~u b}ia ‐u cj ìfkj\u eHw‑

=>uc Ljfuz}w Bis 872=& Mjgkj lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Li}fj`gz| ]whf

ehuje ‐Hzkz|u <8, 8728,‑ ah}oje ‐=fe ]jrg|je \l}jjf~`hw,‑ =87 ~hkj|

{h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w& #^`jh|j fiuj lirj}| h}j |iaj{chu {}gfo`je&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ s 8 8)=‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

555>> H \l}g~u b}ia ‐gf cH}a‗\ [Hw‑

^h}haizfu 872:& [cguj #{guc k}h~cgl|' lirj}| fiu ehuje {guc ~}gfuje

fiuj ~h~j}l`g~~je ui lirj} }jhegfk ‐[guc ucj Lia~`gajfu| ) ib ) Iuui

^}jagfkj},‑ =58 ~hkj| {guc fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj|

gf|j}uje gf mhlo ib |l}g~u {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

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555>8 H \l}g~u b}ia ‐lH\u H kgHf u \cHei[‑

Zfguje H}ug|u| 8722& ]je lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Aj`rg``j \chrj`|if ehuje

‐Iluimj} =>, 8725,‑ ah}oje ‐\jlife E}hbu ! ]jrg|je,‑ 857 ~hkj| {h|

[hwfj‗| bg`j li~w&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

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555>= H \l}g~u b}ia ‐j` ei}Hei‑

^h}haizfu 872;& Fi lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw @jgkc M}hlojuu fiugfk {i}ogfk

ugu`j ib ‐Jèi}hei,‑ ehuje ‐\j~ujamj} =<, 872:,‑ ah}oje ‐\ciiugfk \l}g~u,‑

8<7 ~hkj| {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w& #^`jh|j fiuj |iaj ~hkj| h}j {}gfo`je&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

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\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û ==;

555>< H \l}g~u b}ia ‐ucj zfejbj Huje‑

=>uc Ljfuz}w Bis 8727& ^h`j wj`ì{ lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Dhaj| @jj

Mh}}juu ehuje ‐Ejljamj} <, 8723,‑ ah}oje ‐\jlife ]jrg|je Bgfh`,‑

82: ~hkj| {guc fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu {h|

[hwfj‗| bg`j li~w& #^`jh|j fiuj lirj}| h}j |iaj{chu b}hwje&'

88 8)=‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

555>5 H \l}g~u b}ia ‐mgk DHoj‑

Fhugifh` Kjfj}h` ^gluz}j| 87;8& Kièjf}ie lirj}| |l}jjf ~`hw mw Ch}}w

Dz`ghf Bgfo hfe ]&A& Bgfo chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif gf ~jflg` if z~~j} }gkcu

li}fj} }jhe| ‐Ah}w \u& Dicf =3,‑ _[hwfj‗| ìfkugaj |jl}juh}wQ fiugfk

{i}ogfk ugu`j ib ‐Ucj Ag``gif Ei``h} Ogefh~~gfk,‑ fiu ehuje 8>; ~hkj| {guc

fzaj}iz| liì}je |l}g~u lchfkj ~hkj| uc}izkcizu {h| [hwfj‗| bg`j li~w&

#^`jh|j fiuj lirj}| h}j |iaj{chu |uhgfje&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

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555>: u[i mg}uc }jli}e

eilzajfu\, 87:>|!87;>|

Ucj bg}|u hf ib bglgh` eilzajfu b}ia ucj \uhuj ib Gi{h

Ej~h}uajfu ib Rguh` \uhug|ugl| lh``je hf ‐HzucjfuglhujeMg}uc ]jli}e‑ |ci{gfk uchu Ah}gif ]imj}u Ai}} g|if {h|

mi}f if Ahw =2 87>; gf [gfuj}|ju Gi{h ui L`wej Ai}}g|if

hfe Ah}w H& M}i{f fiuh}gtje mw hf Gi{hf l`j}o if

‐88uc ehw ib Ah}lc 87:>?‑ ucj |jlife eilzajfu hài|u

gejfuglh` mzu b}ia == wjh}| `huj} fiuh}gtje if ‐:uc ehw ib

Ahw 87;=?‑ gfl`zeje {guc h uw~je fiuj }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G

cj}jmw |uhuj uchu G {h| mi}f Ah}gif ]imj}u ) Ai}}g|if&&&)

G h`|i |uhuj uchu G chrj z|je ucj fhaj Dicf ) [hwfj bi}

ucj ~h|u 5< wjh}|‑ |gkfje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo mw [hwfj gf

ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} hmirj h fiuh}gtje |uha~ hfe ehuj ib

‐8:uc ehw ib Ahw 87;=&‑

;‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

555>2 H k}iz~ ib \gkfje }j\uHz}Hfu }jljg~ u\, 8722

Bgbujjf uiuh`? h`` b}ia h ciuj` }j|uhz}hfu gf Ez}hfki Ajsgli lh``je Lha~i Ajsgli Liz}u| {cj}j [hwfj {h| |uhwgfk b}ia \j~ujamj} ui

Ejljamj} 8722 {cg`j bgàgfk ‐Ucj [h} [hkif?‑ jhlc ifj izu`gfgfk {chu {h| i}ej}je hfe ci{ azlc gu li|u #‐ ujxzg`h‑ |ci{| z~ b}jxzjfu`w'?

jhlc ifj |gkfje mw [hwfj gf m`zj i} m`hlo mh``~igfu gfo jgucj} ‐Dicf [hwfj‑ i} ‐D[hwfj‑ {guc dz|u ifj gfgugh`je if`w&

2 8)5‑ s 5‑

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\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û ==7

555>; H \gkfje }jljg~u, 87;8

B}ia K}hfu‗| bi} Kzf| Gfl& h |ui}j bhaiz| gf Li|uh Aj|h LH hfe |ug`` gf

jsg|ujflj? ehuje ‐2)82)87;8,‑ fiugfk [hwfj‗| fhaj hfe Fj{~i}u Mjhlchee}j|| ~`z| ucj u{i Liù bg}jh}a| hfe ucj ‐< jsu}h l`g~|‑ cj ~z}lch|je bi}

h uiuh` ib ‐%=77&=:?‑ |gkfje mw cga gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo gf ucj ì{j} ah}kgf&

7‑ s : 8)=‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

555>3 H li``jlu gif ib \~jjlcj\, 87;>|

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h |~jjlc |jjagfk ui mj b}ia {cjf [hwfj {h| cifi}je mw ucj Fhugifh` Biiumh`` Bizfehugif gf 87;<? u{j`rj ~hkj| chfe{}guujf gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo

mw [hwfj if h agfu k}jjf fiuj~he _~}gfuje ‐b}ia ucj ej|o ib @izg| Di}ehf‑Q cjh}ubjù gf|~g}hugifh` hfe rj}w ìfk hmizu ucj ga~i}uhflj ib mh``!~`hwgfk lihlcgfk

hfe mjgfk h kiie Haj}glhf? =' h |~jjlc b}ia ucj Kièjf H~~`j H{h}e| lj}jaifw uchu uiio ~`hlj if Dhfzh}w 87 87;2 u{i ~hkj| uw~je {guc [hwfj‗| chfe{}guujf

li}}jlugif| gf m`hlo bizfuhgf ~jf gfo }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&wiz cifi} ) aj mw jrjf lif|gej}gfk aj {guc |zlc uh`jfu| h| Eglo Rhf Ewoj ) hfe \g} @hz}jflj I`grgj}& G chrjmjjf eigfk {chujrj} gu g| G ei bi} ) irj} h ch`b h ljfuz} w |i ucg| |fh}`je hfe {i}}w!{i}f azk g| fiu jshlu`w {chu wiz {izè lh`` h ) fj{ bhlj?‑ <' h |~jjlc b}ia ucj

@zlg``j Mh`` B}gh}| L`zm ]ih|u if Firjamj} 5 87;; uw~je if uc}jj ch`b!|cjju| ib ~h~j} _lcjhu |cjju| bi} ucj ~iegzaQ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ojj~ ciègfk wiz} ui}lc if )

cgkc, @zlw ― ucj}j h}j h ìu ib z| k}hujbz` ~ji~`j {ci ìrj wiz ) b i} {chu wiz‗rj m}izkcu gfui iz} `grj|?‑ h`|i gfl`zeje h}j u{i |ah`` fiuj~he ~hkj| _b}ia @‗j}aguhkj

Ciuj` gf Mjrj}`w Cg``|Q ~jffje mw [hwfj gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐\i @zlw gf ucj gfuj}j|u ) ib ojj~gfk ucg| hf jh}`w ) jrjfgfk, G ‗`` {gfe gu z~ ) fi{& G‗a dz|u

kigfk ui ) chrj h bj{ eitjf ai}j ) mjù| ib ujxzg`h " ucjf ) kju gf aw uhfo " e}grj ciaj‑ ~`z| |iaj iucj}!}j`huje ~h~j}{i}o b}ia |haj jrjfu? hfe 5' h |~jjlc

b}ia ucj Kièjf H~~`j H{h}e @zflcjif if Ejljamj} 88 87;; uw~je if h |gfk`j |cjju ib ~h~j} }j`hugfk ui Dhfj Bifeh {ci [hwfj {h| ~}j|jfugfk hu uchu bzflugif&

#^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>



=<> Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

555>7 H cHfe[}gu ujf \~jjlc, lg}lH 87;:

^jffje gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo mw [hwfj if `gfje wj`ì{

fiuj~h~j} }jhegfk gf bz`` ‐Gb \~jflj} " Mikgj ) {j}j

h}izfe ucjw ) {izè mj jfrwgfk ) aj ucg| js~j}gjflj& )

Ucg| `hew hee| liì} " rguh`guw ) fiu if`w ui ucj |ljfj mzu ui

ucj ehw& Liz}|j ) |cj#–|' h `guu`j ai}j ) lif|j}rhugrj uchf G,

mzu ) {ci g|f‗u,‑ {guc heegugifh` eiie`j| hfe fiuj| h}izfe

ucj ah}kgf|? jrgejfu`w hmizu Ohuch}gfj Cj~mz}f mzu gu|

~z}~i|j g| fiu ofi{f? gfl`zeje {guc h bg`j li~w ib h `juuj}

[hwfj |jfu ui Cj~mz}f ehuje ‐Ahw =2, 87;3,‑ }jhegfk gf

~h}u ‐G lizèf‗u kju jfucz|je irj} ucj ~`hw& G eif‗u ) l`hga

ui xzh`gbw h| h dzekj ib ucj xzh`guw ib ucg| ) ahuj}gh`? mzu

if ahuj}gh` bi} Dicf [hwfj, aw ) gf|ugflu ch| mjjf h `guu`j

mjuuj} uchf hrj}hkj&‑

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %;>>!%7>>

5558> H cHfe[}gu ujf ag\\gr j, 87;5

^jffje mw [hwfj gf m`hlo mh``~igfu gfo if ucj rj}|i ib hf zf}j`huje `juuj} |jfu ui cga? [hwfj‗|

}j|~if|j ui h``jkhugif| mw \jfhui} @i{j`` ^& [jgloj} uchu cj }jljgrje uhs m}jho| mjlhz|j ib

cg| b}gjfe|cg~ {guc Fgsif? }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ejh} [gloj} ) Bi} wiz} gfbi}ahugif ) G chrj fjrj}

h|o#je' bi} fi} ) }jljgrje G]\ bhri}| fi} ) chrj G fjjeje ucja& ) [chu G fjje ) g| ~}iujlugif

b}ia lcjh~ ) ~i`guglghf| ̀ goj ) wiz&&& ) D& [hwfj,‑ {guc ahfw l}i||!izu| jegu| hfe eiie`j|

jrgejfu? gfl`zeje g| h fj{|~h~j} l`g~~gfk |jfu ui [hwfj {cj}j ucg| `juuj} {h| xziuje |i cj

jrgejfu`w ahg`je gu hfe gu kiu ~}j||&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55588 H uj`jk} Ha ui fHu ogfk li`j, 8725

[hwfj‗| ‐Lifbg}ahugif Li~w,‑ ehuje ‐Ejl ==, 8725,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐\i}}w ui

cjh} wiz‗rj digfje ucj l`zm mzu gu lhf mj ) {cg~~je&&&eif‗u ̀ ju gu kju wiz ei{f& )

[h| dz|u `g|ujfgfk ui ucj }hegi hfe cjh}e h }jli}e ib #wiz}' ) Lc}g|uah| |ifk| G

{hfu ui uchfo wiz bi} ucj diw wiz‗rj ) m}izkcu aj hfe aw bhag`w ojj~ ~zflcgfk?‑

|he`w Li`j {izè egj `j|| uchf u{i aifuc| `huj} mzu ucg| uizlcgfk uj`jk}ha `goj`w

m}gkcujfje cg| ehw&

2‑ s 3‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =<8

5558= H k}iz~ ib li}}j\~ifejflj }j`Huje ui u cj cH}rH}e `Ha~iif }iH\ugfk, 87;<

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h `juuj} uw~je if uc}jj ~hkj| ib Ucj Ch}rh}e @ha~iif `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie LH ehuje ‐Ejljamj} :, 87;<,‑ }jkh}egfk h ‐lch``jfkj‑

ui [hwfj ui liaj ui Ch}rh}e ui ~}jagj}j cg| fj{ airgj }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐[j‗rj cjh}e wiz‗}j |z~~i|je ui mj |iaj ogfe ib `jkjfe& ) Jrj}wmiew uhò| hmizu wiz}

cj!ahf ~}i{j||&&&wiz} ) zf|z}~h||je k}jhufj|| gf ucj kzu| ej~h}uajfu& Mzu {j hu ucj ) Ch} rh}e @ha~iif ujfe ui eizmu gu&&& ) Wiz ucgfo wiz‗}j uizkc9 Wiz‗}j fiu |i uizkc& Wiz‗rj fjrj} ) ~i}je uc}izkc eitjf| ib l}guglh` ri`zaj| if gahkg|u ~iju}w&&&) Wiz‗rj fjrj} che ui ei uc}jj ~h~j}| hfe h ageuj}a h`` bi} ) ifj liz}|j,‑

hfe jfegfk {guc ‐Hfe wiz mjuuj} ahoj z~ wiz} agfe b h|u, [hwfj ― {j‗rj kiu ) Ahz}jjf I‗Ch}h ugje z~ gf iz} mh|jajfu?‑ =' h bg`j li~w ib [hwfj‗| }j|~if|j `juuj}

ehuje ‐Ejljamj} 88, 87;<,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G |ch`` mj ai|u ch~~w ui |ui~ mw wiz} lha~z| if aw {hw ui ) @ifeif ui rg|gu ucj i}gkgfh` li``jkj {ci|j fhaj wiz chrj

h||zaje ) hfe {ci|j m}jjegfk hfe ahffj}| wiz chrjf‗u mjjf hm`j ui mzw?‑ <' |jrjf ~hkj| ib ‐\zkkj|uje ]jah}o| bi} Dicf [hwfj hu Ch}rh}e‑ b}ia ^hz` [& Ojwj|

h liajew {}guj}? hfe 5' h chfebz` ib fj{|~h~j} l`g~~gfk| hmizu ucj jrjfu _if Dhfzh}w 8: 87;<Q {cglc mw ai|u hllizfu| {h| h |zllj|| bi} ucj kiie!czai}je

[hwfj& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %;>>!%7>>

5558< H cH}rH}e `Ha~iif ajeH``gif Hfe mHffj}, 87;5

Ahej ib ajuh` {guc ujsu }jhegfk ‐Ch}rh}e @ha~iif,‑ huuhlcje ui h ~z}~`j hfe wj`ì{ }gmmif? uikjucj} {guc h mhffj} ahej ib mz}`h~ {guc bjù `juuj}gfk }jhegfk ‐ Dicf

[hwfj ) ezoj ) ib ) ch}rh}e ) ojfu?‑ miuc ~gjlj| kgbuje ui [hwfj ez}gfk cg| gfbhaiz| }ih|ugfk hu Ucj Ch}rh}e @ha~iif {cj}j cj ahej fhugifh` cjhe`gfj| bi} }gegfk

gfui Ch}rh}e \xzh}j if h uhfo |z~~`gje mw ucj Zfguje \uhuj| H}aw? h`|i gfl`zeje g| h ch}elirj} miio ugu`je ‐Ucj Ch}rh}e @ha~iif Ljfujffgh` Lj`jm}hugif 83;2!

87;<‑ {guc h D[ m`gfe |uha~ if ucj ugu`j ~hkj&

<8‑ s <:‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>



=<= Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55585 bgrj }glcH}e fgsif

\gkfje `juuj}\, 872>|

Gfl`zegfk4 8' uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w

ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc LH ehuje ‐Hzkz|u

=8, 8723,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Ucg| wjh} {j

h}j kigfk ui {gf(,‑ |gkfje gf m`zj bizfuhgf

~jf gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Eglo,‑ {guc

i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? =' uw~je if

~j}|ifh`gtje ̀ juuj}cjhe ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie

LH ehuje ‐Ejljamj} 8>, 8723,‑ }jhegfk gf

~h}u ‐&&&{j ~`hwje h ~h} u gf ifj ib ucj l}guglh`

uz}fgfk ) ~igfu| gf cg|ui}w gf ~}irgegfk ucj fj{

`jhej}|cg~ ) uchu Haj}glh fjjeje&&&,‑ |gkfje

gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Eglo

Fgsif?‑ <' uw~je if [cguj Ciz|j |uhugifj}w

ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie LH ehuje ‐Bjm}zh}w 5,

8727,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐^hu digf| aj gf ucj

ci~j uchu gu {if‗u mj uii ) ìfk mjbi}j {j chrj

hf i~~i}uzfguw ui {j`liaj ) wiz ui ucj [cguj

Ciz|j,‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj} {guc i}gkgfh`

u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? 5' uw~je if [cguj Ciz|j

|uhugifj}w ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie LH ehuje ‐Dz`w

7, 8727,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G chrj mjjf ej`gkcuje

ui }jhe ucj }hrj }j rgj{| if ) –U}zj K}gu&‗ G |h{ gu

gf ucj [cguj Ciz|j {guc aw ) bhag`w&&&,‑ |gkfje gf

m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐]F,‑

{guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? :' uw~je

if [cguj Ciz|j |uhugifj}w ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐Firjamj} :, 8727,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐If ucg| bg}|u hffgrj}|h} w ib iz} lha~hgkf ) rglui}w `h|u wjh}, G ha

}jagfeje iflj hkhgf ) ib ci{ azlc wiz} hlugrj hfe rj}w jb bjlugrj ) ~h}u glg~hugif ajhfu ui iz} hlcgjrjajfu ib ) uchu rglui}w,‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? h`|i gfl`zeje

g| h bg`j li~w ib h 8727 lifk}huz`hui}w uj`jk}ha [hwfj |jfu ui Fgsif& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

5558: bgrj }glcH}e fgsif

gf gu gH`je `ju uj}\, 87;>|

H`` uw~je if [cguj Ciz|j |uhugifj}w h`` |jfu ui D[ gf

Ci``w{iie LH gfl`zegfk4 8' ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w :, 87;<,‑

}jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&chrj bi}!){h}eje ucj ̀ juuj} wiz

jflì|je ui \jl}juh}w ) ib Hk}glzùz}j Jh}` Mzut, {ci

ch| ahdi} ) }j|~if|gmg`guw b i} iz} mjjb ga~i} u ~i`glw,‑

|gkfje gf m`hlo bizfuhgf ~jf gfo ‐]F?‑ =' ehuje ‐H~}g`

8=, 87;<,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G ha |z}j wiz }jh`gtj {j chrj

mjjf fjkiughugfk ) {guc ucj ^hfhahfghf| bi} |iaj wjh}|

fi{&&& ) G |ch}j wiz} liflj}f| hfe gfuj}j|u, hfe G {g`` h|o

) E}& Og||gfkj} hfe cg| |uhb b ui uhoj h b} j|c ̀ iio&&&,‑ |gkfje

gf |haj ahffj} {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? <'ehuje ‐ Dzfj :, 87;<,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G ha lifbgejfu uchu,

{i}ogfk uikjucj}, ucj ) Haj}glhf ~ji~`j lhf hlcgjrj ucj

k}jhu kih`| ib ) ~jhlj hfe ~}ik}j|| {cglc h`` ib z| |jjo,‑

|gkfje gf |haj ahffj} {guc h u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j #ucizkc ucj ~i|uah}o gfeglhuj| gu {jfu {guc h egbbj}jfu `juuj}'? 5' ehuje ‐H~}g` 8;, 87;5,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&G che

ucj i~~i}uzfguw ui ) }jhe h li~w ib ucj |~jjlc wiz khrj mjbi}j ) ucj Fhugifh` Biiumh`` Bizfehugif‗| hffzh` ) h{h}e| egffj}, hfe G ~j}|ifh``w ucizkcu gu ) {h| fiucgfk

`j|| uchf |z~j}m,‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj} {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? hfe :' ehuje ‐Dzfj =>, 87;5,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐[i}e ch| }jhlcje aj ib wiz} |~g}guje

{i}e| ib ) |z~~i}u ez}gfk wiz} rg|gu ui Hucjf|& Gu ìio| ) `goj {j kju mjuuj} ~}j|| hm}ihe uchf {j ei cj}j&&&‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj


8> 8)=‑ s ;‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =<<

55582 u[i }ifHè }jHkHf

\gkfje `juu j}\, 87;>|

Uw~je if \uhuj ib Lh`gbi}fgh Kirj}fi}‗|

Ibbglj |uhugifj}w ui ‐Ezoj hfe ^g`h},‑

ehuje ‐Hzkz|u 5, 87;=,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u

‐Fhflw hfe G {izè mj rj}w ~`jh|je gb

wiz lizè ) digf z| bi} lilouhg`| hfe

mzbbju gf Aghag Mjhlc&&&,‑ |gkfje gf

m`zj bizfuhgf ~jf gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu

li}fj} ‐]if?‑ ucj |jlife uw~je if

|gag`h} `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf @ifeif

Jfk`hfe ehuje ‐Dzfj =3 87;5‑

}jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&uchfo wiz bi} ug~~gfk

aj ) ibb hmizu \jfhui} Cjà|‗ |~jjlc&

G ofi{ ucj ) \jfhui} rj}w {j`` hfe

lj}uhgf`w h~~}irj ib cg| ) ~cgì|i~cw,‑

|gkfje gf |haj ahffj}&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

5558; uc}jj Dgaaw lH}uj} \gkfje `juuj}\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u u w~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc LH ehuje ‐Firjamj} 8>, 87;2,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G u}z|u ucj if`w h}jh gf {cglc {j {g`` bgfe iz}! )

|j`rj| gf i~~i|gugif g| uchu ib ^h}u w ìwhùw,‑ |gkfje gf m`zj bizfuhgf ~jf gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Dgaaw,‑ {guc i}gkgfh` u} hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j uchu [hwfj hffiuhuje

gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo if ucj rj}|i? ucj |jlife uw~je if [cguj Ciz|j |uhugifj}w ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w <8, 87;;,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐[cg`j aw ~h}eif

ib ucj Rgjufha e}hbu jrhej}| ) {h|, hfe g|, h lifu}irj}|gh` g||zj, G bjj` ) gu g| u gaj ui ~zu ucj u}hzah ib ucj Rgjufha ) [h} mjcgfe z|,‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? ucj

ucg}e uw~je if [cguj Ciz|j |uhugifj}w ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐Dzfj ==, 87;3,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Wiz chrj aw ejj~ h~~}jlghugif bi} wiz} lifu}gmzugif ) ui ucj

|zllj||bz` lifl`z|gif ib ucj ^hfhah Lhfh` ) U}jhugj|,‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj} {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? h`|i gfl`zeje g| h 87;; uj`jk}ha Lh}uj} |jfu ui

[hwfj {cjf cj }jljgrje ucj –\uh} ib ucj Ljfuz}w‗ h{h}e hfe h bg`j li~w ib h 87;2 `juuj} [hwfj |jfu ui Lh}uj} {guc cg| ucizkcu| if ucj |uhuj ib ucj Zfgif&

8> 8)=‑ s ; 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>



=<5 Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55583 biz} ~i`guglgHf \gkfje `juuj}\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u u w~je if Zfguje \uhuj| \jfhuj ̀ juuj}cjhe ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie LH ehuje

‐H~}g` 8:, 87;5,‑ }jkh}egfk lha~hgkf cj`~ |gkfje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu

li}fj} ‐Mim‑ _Ei`jQ? ucj |jlife uw~je if |gag`h} `juuj}cjhe ui D[ gf Ci``w{iie ehuje

‐Dzfj ;, 87;5,‑ }jkh}egfk lha~hgkf cj`~ |gkfje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu

li}fj} ‐\u}ia‑ _Ucz}aifeQ? ucj ucg}e uw~je if Jezlhugif bi} Ejail}hlw `juuj}cjhe

ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐Dzfj 8:, 87;2,‑ }jkh}egfk h eifhugif |gkfje gf m`zj

mh``~igfu gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Uje‑ _\~g}i U& Hkfj{Q? ucj biz}uc uw~je if Zfguje

\uhuj| \jfhuj `juuj}cjhe ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐H~}g` 8=, 87;3,‑ }jkh}egfk ucj ^hfhah Lhfh` |gkfje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Kh}w Ch}u?‑ h`|i

gfl`zeje h}j u{i bg`j li~gj| ib 87;>| `juuj}| [hwfj |jfu ui Hkfj{ hfe Ei`j& #^`jh|j ki

ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55587 u[i lH`gbi}fgH ~i`guglgHf \gkfje `juuj}\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u u w~je if Lguw ib @i| Hfkj`j| ̀ juuj}cjhe ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje ‐\j~ujamj} =7, 87;:,‑

}jkh}egfk h bzflugif bi} ucj Ja~j}i} hfe Ja~}j|| ib Dh~hf }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G ìio bi}{h}e ui wiz} mjgfk

{guc A}|& M}he`jw hfe aj if ) ucg| cg|ui}gl jrjfu,‑ |gkfje gf m`zj bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Uia

M}he`jw?‑ ucj |jlife uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje fiuj~h~j} ui D[ gf @i| Hfkj`j| LH ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w 8:,87;7,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&ucj ah}rjìz| |~g}gu hfe }j|g`gjflj ) {guc {cglc wiz chrj aju |j}giz| g``fj|| ch| )

mjjf hf gf|~g}hugif ui z| h``,‑ |gkfje gf m`zj bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Dj}}w‑ _Jeazfe K& M}i{f

D}&Q? gfl`zeje g| h bg`j li~w ib h 87;: uj`jk}ha [hwfj |jfu ui M}i{f }jhegfk ‐Kirj}fi} lifk}huz`hugif| b}ia

ifj ib ucj ̀ iwh` i~~i|gugif&‑

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

555=> H airgj \uH} k}iz~ ib cHfe[}guujf `j uu j}\, 87:>|!87;>|

\jrjfujjf uiuh`? ai|u`w ~jffje if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w jgucj} uchfo wiz fiuj| i} kju {j`` {g|cj| b}ia cg| hlui} b}gjfe| hfe li!|uh}| gfl`zegfk #gf h`~chmjuglh`

i}ej}'4 Agùif M}jf [hùj} M}jffhf ]je Mzuuif| Ch}}w Lh}jw D}& G}jfj Ezffj Eh`j Jrhf| Dhfju @jgkc ^hu}glgh Fjh` Kji}kj ^j~~h}e #{ci {}guj| h rj}w mh{ew

`juuj}' Eiffh ]jje ]i|h`gfe ]z||j`` ]imj}u \uhlo #u{i' Kji}kj Uhojg #u{i' ]imj}u [hkfj} #{ci |gkfje bi} {gbj Fhuh`gj [iie' hfe Ojjfhf [wff? |iaj {guc

i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib jhlc ~gjlj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =<:

555=8 H airgj \uH} k}iz~ ib uw~je `ju uj}\, 87:>|!87;>|

Fgfjujjf uiuh` h`` uw~je if rh}giz| ogfe| ib `juuj}cjhe i} ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w h`` chfe!|gkfje mw ucj |jfej}| gf rh}giz| liì}| hfe uw~j| ib gfo ahgf`w |ci}u

li}}j|~ifejflj uchfogfk i} lifk}huz`hugfk [hwfj ucizkc |iaj h}j bi}a `juuj}| }jkh}egfk lch}gugj|? b}ia bhaiz| b}gjfe| hfe li!|uh}| |zlc h| #gf h`~chmjuglh`

i}ej}'4 Kjfj Hzu}w ]imj}u M`hoj ^hu Miifj Kji}kj Mz}f| Dhaj| Lhhf ]i}w Lh`cizf Dicffw Lh|c Uifw Lz}ug| ^cw``g| Eg``j} ]iw I& Eg|fjw Og}o Eizk`h| Eizk`h|

Bhg}mhfo| D}& Dhlo @jaaif Dij` AlL}jh Mz}kj|| Aj}jeguc ]glow Fj`|if Lh}}i`` I‗Liffi} Kg`mj}u ]i`hfe #zf|gkfje' ]hfei`~c \liuu hfe ]ie Uhwì}? |iaj {guc

i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| bi} jhlc ~gjlj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

555== Hf j`gtHmjuc uHwì} \gkfje bi}a `juuj}, 87;3

Uw~je if u{i ~hkj| ib ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w ehuje ‐Iluimj} 82, 87;3,‑ }jkh}egfk h uj`jrg|je jrjfu cifi}gfk Dgaaw \uj{h}u |gkfje if ucj |jlife ~hkj gf m`hlo

bjù ug~ gfo ‐J`gthmjuc Uhwì} [h}fj}?‑ {guc [hwfj‗| i{f m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo hffiuhugif| if ucj bg}|u ~hkj gf ucj z~~j} }gkcu li}fj}? {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j&

8> 8)=‑ s ;‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




555=< H ejHf aH}u gf Hfe Dj}}w `j[g\ k}iz~ ib li}}j\~ifejflj , 872>|

Gfl`zegfk #gf lc}ifiìkglh` i}ej}'4 8' h `juuj} b}ia Dj}}w @j{g| uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w ehuje ‐\j~ujamj} =8, 8728,‑ }jkh}egfk uchfo| bi} lifu}gmzugif| ui

ucj A&E&H& |gkfje gf }je ~jflg` gf ucj ì{j} `jbu li}fj} ‐Dj}}w?‑ =' h bg`j li~w ib h `juuj} [hwfj |jfu ui Ejhf Ah}ugf ehuje ‐Fir& 8;, 8722,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐B}ia aj

hfe ucj {ci`j lh|u, uchfo| bi} ucj ) |za~uziz| bjh|u?‑ <' h `juuj} b}ia Ejhf Ah}ugf uw~je if Mjrj}`w Cg``| Lizfu}w L`zm |uhugifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc LH

ehuje ‐Ahw 3, 872;,‑ }jkh}egfk cg| fj{ lizfu}w l`zm |gkfje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Egfi?‑ 5' h 8723 gfrguj bi} Ah}ugf‗| ehzkcuj}‗| {jeegfk?

:' h bg`j li~w ib h `juuj} [hwfj |jfu ui Ah}ugf ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w =5, 8727,‑ }jhegfk gf bz`` ‐Wiz {j}jf‗u rj}w uh`` `h|u fgkcu& \~g}i Hkfj{ ) g| R glj ^}j|gejfu ib ucj Zfguje

\uhuj| ib Haj}glh?‑ 2' h [j|uj}f Zfgif uj`jk}ha uchu Ah}ugf |jfu ui [hwfj ehuje ‐8727 Dhf =3,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐&&&{j |hge fiucgfk hkhgf|u A} ) Hkfj{ i} ~ioje hfwbzf hu cga& )&&&hfe ucg| g| |iajucgfk uchu ) if`w h bj{ ~ji~`j ofi{, G riuje bi} A} Fgsif hfe A} ) Hkfj{&&&‑

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

555=5 H }Hw ag``Hfe u j`jk}Ha, 87;>

\jfu ui [hwfj gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc LH }jhegfk ‐Lifk}huz`hugif| b}ia z| miuc [chu uiio

wiz |i ìfk ) Ah` hfe Dhlo‑ _jrgejfu`w fglofhaj| bi} A}& " A}|& ]hw Ag``hfeQ? gfl`zejeg| h bg`j li~w ib [hwfj‗| }j|~if|j ehuje ‐Dz`w 8:, 87;>,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Wiz h|oje aj

{chu uiio |i ̀ ifk9 ) Ucj}j {h| |iaj e}zfojf mza if ) h ̀ i|u {jjojfe hcjhe ib aj(‑

2‑ s 3‑

[hwfj hfe Ag``hfe |uh}}je uikjucj} gf u cj 875= ̂ h}haizfu }j`jh|j, ‐]jh~ ucj [gè

[gfe&‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =<;

555=: H cHfo [i}ejf k}iz~ ib lH}e\, 87;7

H~~}isgahuj`w 8:? ai|u`w –kju {j``‗ lh}e| |jfu ui [hwfj mw cg| ìfkugaj

li``jhkzj {ci che ajai}hm`j mgu }i`j| gf h lizfu`j|| fzamj} ib cg|bgà| |gkfje gf rh}giz| {hw| |zlc h| ‐Ucj Ejhlif,‑ ‐Eilui} Ai|j,‑ ‐\ci}u

\uiahlc,‑ ‐Lz}`jw,‑ i} |ga~`w ‐Chfo,‑ gu‗| jrgejfu uchu [i}ejf }jh``w ìrje

[hwfj hfe lif|gej}je cga ui mj h k}jhu b}gjfe& H`|i gfl`zeje h}j u{i lh}e|

b}ia @z|uj} Mhw`j|| [hwfj‗| ìfkugaj li|uzaj}? h`` ucj|j lh}e| ejjaje

ga~i}uhfu jfizkc bi} [hwfj ui |hrj&

Rh}giz| ; 8)=‑ s : 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

555=2 H eg}jlui} " ~}iezlj} k}iz~ ib \gkfje li}}j\~ifejflj, 87:>| !87;>|

H`` uw~je if ~}ibj||gifh` `juuj}cjhe i} ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w h`` |gkfje mw ucj |jfej}|

gf rh}giz| uw~j| ib gfo? Gfl`zegfk #gf lc}ifiìkglh` i}ej}'4 8' b}ia Dj}}w [hè |jfu ui D[ gf

@i| Hfkj`j| LH ehuje ‐Ah}lc =3, 87:3,‑ uchfogfk cga bi} ~h}uglg~hugif gf ucj Hlhejaw

H{h}e| |ci{? =' b}ia Hh}if \~j``gfk ehuje ‐=8 Bjm}zh}w 872<,‑ }jkh}egfk [hwfj‗|

h~~jh}hflj if ucj ‐Eglo î{j`` \ci{‑ <' b}ia Iuui ^}jagfkj} lg}lh 872: }jhegfk gf

bz`` ‐@irj Iuui?‑ 5' b}ia ]imj}u Jrhf| |jfu ui D[ hu ucj ‐|uzegi,‑ ehuje ‐Ah}lc 82, 872;,‑

}jkh}egfk hf gfrguj ui ucj Hlhejaw H{h}e|? :' h |gag`h} fiuj b}ia ]imj}u Jrhf| ehuje

‐Dhfzh}w ==, 8723,‑ 2' b}ia Aj}rwf @j]iw ehuje ‐Ah}lc 2, 8723,‑ }jkh}egfk uchfo| bi}

h |gkfje ~ciuik}h~c? 2' b}ia Aj}rwf @j]iw lg}lh 8723 }jkh}egfk lifk}huz`hugif| if

‐Cj``bgkcuj}|?‑ ;' b}ia Dhlo @& [h}fj} ehuje ‐Firjamj} =5, 8727,‑ }jkh}egfk uchfo| bi} h

{g}j? 3' b}ia Dhlo @& [h}fj} ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w :, 87;=,‑ }jkh}egfk lifk}huz`hugif| bi} mjgfk ucj ‐Fi& 8 mis ib bglj |uh} ib 87;8?‑ 7' b}ia Iuui ^}jagfkj} ehuje ‐Ejljamj} =2, 87;<,‑

}jkh}egfk h ajjugfk {guc hf hlhejagl? 8>' h bg`j li~w ib [hwfj‗| }j|~if|j ui ^}jagfkj}

ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w =, 87;5,‑ |uhugfk cj‗e uhò ui ucj hlhejagl? 88' b}ia Fi}ahf @jh} ehuje

‐\j~ujamj} 88, 87;5,‑ }jkh}egfk uchfo|? 8=' b}ia @jifh}e Ahùgf ehuje ‐Dzfj =;, 87;;,‑

}jkh}egfk mjgfk h bhf? hf gfuj}j|ugfk |j`jlugif |ci{gfk ci{ gfri`rje [hwfj {h| gf ucj bgà

gfez|u}w if ahfw egbbj}jfu `jrj`|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| bi} jhlc ~gjlj&'

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




555=; H ~juj} mikeHfirglc k}iz~ ib \gkfje

Hfe)i} cHfe[}guu jf li}}j\~ifejflj, 87;>|

Gfl`zegfk4 8' uw~je if MM\ `juuj}cjhe ehuje ‐Iluimj} ;, 87;>,‑ }jhegfk

gf ~h}u ‐G }jh``w h~~}jlghuj wiz} lii~j}hugif& ) G lizèf‗u gahkgfj aw

airgj {gucizu ucg| l`g~,‑ |gkfje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo ‐^juj}?‑ =' uw~je if

~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc LH ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w

3, 87;8,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Uchfo| |i azlc bi} ucj ) ìrj`w ~}j|jfu bi}

iz} fj{ ehzkcuj},‑ |gkfje gf |haj ahffj}? <' uw~je if [h}fj} M}i|&

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gf ~h}u ‐Ucg| lhf mj h mjhzugbz` airgj hfe fiu h ei{fmjhu ifj, ) h| wiz

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87;7,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐G ofi{ wiz‗}j |z}}izfeje mw bhag`w, ) mzu G {hfu wiz

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88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

555=3 H }iHè eHc` cHfe[}guujf `j uu j}, lg}lH 8722

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j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

555<8 H ~Huuw cjH}\u \gkfje `juuj}, 87;3

Uw~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf Mjrj}`w Cg``| LH ehuje

‐Ejljamj} =3, 87;3,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Gu g| ga~i}uhfu uchu wiz ofi{ G ) ha

k}hujbz` bi} wiz} jfliz}hkjajfu ) hfe |z~~i}u & Ucj}j {h| h ugaj {cjf ) G

ucizkcu fi ifj {izè jrj} zfej}|uhfe,‑ |gkfje mw Cjh}|u gf m`zj mh``~igfu

gfo gf ucj ̀ i{j} }gkcu li}fj} {guc h chfe{}guujf ~i|u|l}g~u hmizu mjgfk

hm`j ui uchfo [hwfj gf ~j}|if? {guc i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? h`|i

gfl`zeje g| h }jljg~u bi} h ahg`k}ha uchu [hwfj |jfu ui Mh}mh}h [hùj}|

ehuje ‐88)=<);3,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u ci{ cj mj`gjrje uchu ‐h }zuc`j|| k}iz~,

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ui}uz}j hfe ejk}hehugif hfe lifbgfjajfu?‑ ~`z| u{i fj{|~h~j} l`g~~gfk|

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88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

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H fzamj} ib eilzajfu| }j`huje ui ucj bhaiz| –]ieji Uhgì}‗ gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~ciuili~w ib h 87;; fiuj ib uchfo| [hwfj |jfu hmizu h ~hg} ib miiu|? =' hf gfrguhugif

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hfe |jfu ui [hwfj? :' h bg`j li~w ib 87;3 fiuj [hwfj |jfu gf }j|~if|j ui Fzegj‗| fiuj? 2' h 87;3 fiuj uw~je if `juuj}cjhe uchu Fzegj |gkfje hfe |jfu ui [hwfj?

;' h }jljg~u bi} h Ahg`k}ha uchu [hwfj |jfu ui Fzegj }jhegfk ‐H Kièjf Fjje`j ui wiz g| h~~}i~}ghuj& Aw lia~`gajfu|,‑ ~`z| h |ah`` fiuj uw~je {guc |haj aj||hkj

mw [hwfj‗| |jl}juh}w? hfe 3' ~ciuili~gje ~hkj| }j`hugfk ui ucj 87;3 –Ah|ifgl Ah}gfj}‗| Fgkcu‗ bzflugif cifi}gfk Fzegj uchu [hwfj ege fiu huujfe&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




555<< H uj`jrg\gif Diz}fH`g\u\

k}iz~ ib li}}j\~ifejflj, 87;>|

Gfl`zegfk #gf lc}ifiìkglh` i}ej}'4 8' h `juuj} b}ia Ehrge B}i|u

chfe{}guujf gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w |jfu ui

D[ gf @i| Hfkj`j| LH ehuje ‐Iluimj} ;‑ _87;8Q }jkh}egfk h uh~je

gfuj}rgj{? {guc i}gkgfh` u }hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j? =' h uj`jk}ha b}ia

B}i|u |jfu ui D[ gf Ez}hfki Ajsgli ehuje ‐Hm} =;, 87;=,‑ }jhegfk

gf ~h}u ‐Wiz} `jkjfe g| czkj jfizkc mzu wiz h}j ujf ugaj| ) mgkkj}?‑

<' h ̀ juuj} b}ia Eglo Lhrjuu u w~je if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w

ehuje ‐Aifuhzo Ah}lc =2, ;2,‑ }jkh}egfk hzuci} Dicf Fjgch}eu?

5' h ahg`k}ha b}ia Uia M}ioh{ |jfu ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc LH

ehuje ‐>:)>5);3,‑ }jkh}egfk h uh~je gfuj}rgj{? :' h uj`jk}ha b}ia

Uia M}ioh{ ehuje ‐>:)8:);3,‑ }jkh}egfk |haj gfuj}rgj{? 2' h

`juuj} b}ia Mh}mh}h [hùj}| u w~je if HML Fj{| ̀ juuj}cjhe |jfu ui

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ug~ gfo if ~j}|ifh`gtje |uhugifj}w |jfu ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc

LH ehuje ‐Dhfzh}w ==‑ _87;7Q }jkh}egfk cg| cjhuc? 3' h `juuj} b}ia Uia M}ioh{ chfe{}guujf gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo if FML Fj{| `juuj}cjhe |jfu ui D[ gf Fj{~i}u

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88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

555<5 H agùif lHfgbb k}iz~ ib

li}}j\~ifejflj, 872>|!87;>|

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ucj Mh`mih ) Mhw L`zm&&&) ui ~h}uglg~huj gf h ) Fhugifh` Lh}uiifg|u

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m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Agùif?‑ <' h bg`j li~w `juuj}

uchu [hwfj |jfu ui Lhfgbb ehuje ‐ Dhfzh}w <>, 8723,‑ }jhegfk gf ~h}u

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88‑ s 3 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %;>>!%7>>

555<: u[i kizHlcj Hfe gfo lH}uiif e}H[gfk\, 875;

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5‑ s 7 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




555<2 H `H}kj k}iz~

ib uj`jk}Ha\, 87;>|

H~~}isgahuj`w 5: h`` [j|uj}f

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: 8)=‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

555<; H k}iz~ ib aHg`k}Ha\, 87;3!87;7

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88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

555<3 H k}iz~ ib uj`j~cifj aj\ \Hkj\, 87;7

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: 8)=‑ s 5‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




555<7 H u[glj!\g kfje \gkfje ajsglHf uiz}g\u ge lH}e, 8753

Bjhuz}gfk u{i m`hlo hfe {cguj ~ciuik}h~c| ib [hwfj |uh~`je ui ucj ̀ jbu |gej {guc cg| |uhug|uglh` gfbi}ahugif uw~je ui ucj }gkcu fiugfk ‐Ah}gif Agulcj`` Ai}}g|if‑

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bgàgfk ‐]je ]grj}&‑

:‑ s 3‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

5555> H \gkfje liìamgHf uiz}g\u ge lH}e, 87:=

Bjhuz}gfk h m`hlo hfe {cguj ~ciuik}h~c ib [hwfj k`zje ui ucj ì{j} `jbu li}fj} {guc cg| |uhug|uglh` gfbi}ahugif uw~je ui ucj |gej fiugfk ‐Jehe)Hkj 5:‑ hfe hf

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5‑ s : 8)=‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>




55558 H u[glj!\gkfje

ajsglHf uiz}g\ u ge lH}e, 87;=

Bjhuz}gfk h m`hlo hfe {cguj ~ciuik}h~c ib [hwfj

|uh~`je ui ucj }gkcu li}fj} {guc cg| |uhug|u glh`

gfbi}ahugif uw~je mjì{ fiugfk ‐2: hfi|‑ haifk

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ui Ez}hfki Ajsgli {cj}j cj {h| bgàgfk ‐Ucj U}hgf

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5555= u[i Hbu}H ajamj}\cg~ lH}e\, 872>|

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H}ug|u|? miuc {guc [hwfj‗| uw~je fhaj if ucj b}ifu ucj bg}|u b}ia

8725 ucj |jlife b}ia 8723? gfl`zeje {guc u{i ~gfo }jljg~u|

|ci{gfk uchu [hwfj ~hge cg| ezj|&

= 8)=‑ s < <)5‑

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5555< u[i ~`Hwmiw l`zm ajamj}\cg~ lH}e\, 87;>|

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Fj{~i}u Mjhlc hee}j||&

=‑ s < 8)=‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55555 H \ilgH` \jlz}gu w lH}e, 872>|

Ahej ib ajuh` jfk}hrje if b}ifu {guc [hwfj‗| fhaj hfe cg| hluzh` |ilgh` |jlz}guw fzamj}? gfl`zeje {guc h agfghuz}j rj}|gif bi} h ojw lchgf? miuc |uha~je ‐Dh~hf‑

if ucj rj}|i |i `goj`w fiu ‐ibbglgh`‑ Zfguje \uhuj|!g||zj eilzajfu| ― ~j}ch~| h firjùw guja [hwfj i}ej}je b}ia h lhuhìkzj h| {h| cg| chmgu&

=‑ s < 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

5555: jgkcu l}jegu lH}e\, 87;>|

Jami||je jgucj} ‐Dicf [hwfj,‑ ‐Mhudhl ̂ }iezlugif|,‑ i} ‐Whlcu

[gè Kii|j‑ #i} rh}ghugif| ib ucj|j'? b}ia H}li \cj`` Hzuiaimg`j

L`zm ib \izucj}f Lh`gbi}fgh ^cg``g~| 22 Hg} U}hrj` Kj`|if‗|

Czkcj| hfe hfiucj} b}ia Czkcj| #{guc ucj mhlo |gkfje gf m`hlo

bjù!ug~ gfo mw [hwfj'&

=‑ s < 8)=‑

j|h4 %;>>!%7>>




55552 bgrj l}jegu lH}e\, 87;>|

H`` jami||je if b}ifu ‐Dicf [hwfj,‑ |iaj |gkfje mw cga gfl`zegfk ifj|

b}ia4 K}hfu‗| \z}~`z| #h |ui}j bhaiz| gf Li|uh Aj|h Lh`gbi}fgh' zf|gkfje?

Jeegj Mhzj} |gkfje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo? ^jffjw| |gkfje gf m`zj bjù!ug~ gfo?

\jh}| zf|gkfje? hfe DL ^jffjw |gkfje gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo&=‑ s < 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

5555; bgrj l}jegu lH}e\, 872>|

H`` mzu ifj jami||je ‐Dicf [hwfj‑ if b}ifu? h`` b}ia mjìrje ìfk!kifj

\izucj}f Lh`gbi}fgh ej~h}uajfu |ui}j| gfl`zegfk G& Ahkfgf " Li& Mzbbza|Mz`ìlo‗| ucj M}ihe{hw hfe ]imgf|if‗| ― ucj if`w ifj |gkfje if mhlo mw

[hwfj gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo&

8 <)5‑ s < 8)=‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55553 biz} –=2 mH} }Hflc‗ ajamj}\cg~ lH}e\, 872> |!87;>|

G||zje mw ucj H}gtifh Lhuu`j K}i{j}| H||ilghugif h`` uw~je {guc [hwfj‗|

fhaj hfe cg| }hflc‗| fhaj if ucj b}ifu bi} ucj wjh}| 8722 87;> 87;=

hfe 87;2&

= 8)=‑ s 5‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55557 uc}jj }j~zm`glHf ~H}uw ajamj}\cg~ lH}e\, 872>|!87;>|

Dicf [hwfj {h| h lh}e!lh}}wgfk ajamj} ib ucj ]j~zm`glhf ^h}uw? ucj bg}|u

b}ia 8722 {guc ‐A} D [hwfj‑ hfe cg| Mjrj}`w Cg``| ibbglj hee}j|| uw~je if

ucj mhlo fif!~j}bi}huje |gej? ucj |jlife b}ia 87;< {guc ‐A} D [hwfj‑

jami||je if ucj b}ifu? ucj ucg}e b}ia 87;2 jami||je gf |haj ahffj}&

=‑ s < 8)5‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




555:> H \gkaH lcg b}Huj}fg uw ajamj }\cg~ lH}e, 872<

B}ia ucj @i| Hfkj`j| H`zafg Lch~uj} lh}e fiuj| gf ~h}u uchu ‐M}iucj} Dicf

[hwfj ch| ~hge ̀ ilh` h`zafg ezj| hfe g| h ajamj} gf kiie |uhfegfk&‑ = 8)=‑ s < <)5‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

555:8 jgkcu \gkfje lcjlo\, 87:7

H`` e}h{f b}ia [hwfj‗| mz|gfj|| hllizfu hu ucj Mjrj}`w Cg``| m}hflc ib Mhfo ib Haj}glh h`` b}ia Dhfzh}w 87:7 h`` |gkfje gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo mw [hwfj {guc |iaj

heegugifh``w jfei}|je mw cga if ucj rj}|i uw~je izu ui #gf h`~chmjuglh` i}ej}'4 Mjrj}`w Ahfhkjajfu Lia~hfw #u{i' Dicf [hwfj #bgrj {guc biz} jfei}|je' hfe

Di|j~cgfj [hwfj _bg}|u {gbjQ&

<‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>




555:= biz} \gkfje lcjlo\, 872 3!87;8

H`` e}h{f b}ia [hwfj‗| ~j}|ifh` hllizfu hu ucj ^j}|cgfk \xzh}j Ibbglj _@i| Hfkj`j| LHQ ib [j``| Bh}ki Mhfo mzu fiugfk cg| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc hee}j||

h`` jfug}j`w ~jffje gf [hwfj‗| chfe gf rh}giz| ogfe| ib gfo {}guujf izu ui \ah}u " Bgfh` I}hfkj L L _Lih|u Li``jkjQ Bizfehugif Lh|c hfe O!Ah}u&

= <)5‑ s : 8)=‑

j|h4 %3>>!%8,=>>

555:< u[i zfz\je lcjlomiio\, 872>|

Miuc b}ia [hwfj‗| ~j}|ifh` hllizfu b}ia ucj ^j}|cgfk \xzh}j Ibbglj _@i| Hfkj`j| LHQ ib

[j``| Bh}ki Mhfo fiugfk cg| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc hee}j|| lcjlo ,:>> jrgejfu`w z|je&

= 8)=‑ s 2 8)=‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

555:5 u[i ~Hg}\ ib miiojfe\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u gf ucj bi}a ib Ei}gl li`zaf| ahej ib ajuh` b}ifu ib jhlc }jhe| ‐H||ilghuj ) Zfgrj}|guw ib \izucj}f Lh`gbi}fgh?‑ ucj |jlife gf ucj bi}a ib ucj @gfli`f

Ajai}gh` ahej ib ajuh` hfe m}h|| |uha~je if ucj mhlo ‐DM =55> ) E&L& B}jflc&‑

;‑ s 2‑ s <‑ hfe ;‑ s :‑ s 5‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




555:: H –\Hf b}Hflg\li lc}ifgl`j ‗ fj[\~H~j}, 87>;

Hf hluzh` rgfuhkj li~w ib ucj fj{|~h~j} b}ia Ahw =2 87>; _[hwfj‗| mg}ucehwQ ch}emizfe b}ifu lirj} jami||je {guc ucj fj{|~h~j}‗| ìki ehuj hfe ‐Ah}gif ]imj}u Ai}}g|if‑ _[hwfj‗| mg}uc fhajQ? gf|gej

lirj} eg|~`hw| u{i ~ciuili~gj| ib eilzajfu| ~j}uhgfgfk ui [hwfj‗| mg}uc? {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

==‑ s 8;‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

555:2 H libbjj uHm`j miio

Ugu`je ‐:> Kièjf Wjh}| ib I|lh}4 Ucj Ib bglgh` Cg|ui}w ib ucj Hlhejaw ib Aiugif ̂ gluz}j H}u | hfe

\lgjflj|‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw ]imj}u I|mi}fj ~}gfuje gf 87;7 {guc h |~jlgh` ~}j|jfuhugif

~hkj gf b}ifu }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐^j}|ifh` Li~w bi} Dicf [hwfj ) ^}j|jfuje mw Hlhejaw ib Aiugif ^gluz}j

H}u| hfe \lgjflj|?‑ {guc h D[ m`gfe |uha~&

8=‑ s 8>‑ s 8‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

555:; bgrj Dicf [Hwfj bgà!}j`Huje miio\

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ch}elirj} fi ez|u dhloju mw Rg}kg` J& Mhzkc ~}gfuje gf 872>? =' ‐Ucj \jhmjj| gf [h} hfe

^jhlj‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Ogaif \oi}eg`j| ~}gfuje gf 87;5 |gkfje if ucj b}ifu

b}jj jfe ~h~j} gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo ui [hwfj mw hzuci} gf 87;;? <' ‐H K`ga~|j ib J` Ei}hei‑

~h~j}mhlo fi ez|u dhloju mw Ah}g`wf Bj}kz|if ~}gfuje gf 87;2 |gkfje if ucj gf|gej lirj} gf

m`zj mh``~igfu gfo ui [hwfj mw ucj Cj}guhkj H||ilghugif ib J` Ei}hei Lizfuw gf 87;;? 5' ‐Ujsh|

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gf 87:5 |gkfje if ucj b}ifu b}jj jfe ~h~j} gf m`hlo bizfuhgf ~jf gfo ‐U&H& [i}fcha ) M}gk Kjf

Z\AL ) Liaahfej} =;uc Ah}gfj| ) hu G{i Dgah?‑ h`` {guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

88‑ s 7‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




555:3 \gs ci``w[iie mgik}H~cgj\

Gfl`zegfk4 8' ‐Ah}g`wf4 H Mgik}h~cw‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Fi}ahf

Ahg`j} ~}gfuje gf 87;<? =' ‐Aifukiaj}w L`gbu4 H Mgik}h~cw‑ ch}elirj}

{guc ez|u dhloju mw ^hu}glgh Mi|{i}uc ~}gfuje gf 87;3? <' ‐\~jflj} U}hlw‑ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw @h}}w \{gfej`` ~}gfuje gf 8727? 5' ‐Ucj

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ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Dicf @hc} ~}gfuje gf 8727? hfe 2' ‐Ahf gf

M`hlo‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Dicffw Lh|c ~}gfuje gf 87;:? h``

{guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

8>‑ s 7‑ s 8‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

555:7 biz} ci``w[iie gfez\u}w miio\

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~}gfuje gf 87;3? =' ‐Jhlc Ahf gf Cg| Ugaj4 Ucj \ui}w ib h Eg}jlui}‑ zfli}}jluje ~hkj ~}iib ~h~j}mhlo

mw ]hiz` [h`|c ~}gfuje gf 87;5? <' ‐Eif‗u \hw Wj| Zfug` G Bgfg|c Uhògfk4 H Mgik}h~cw ib Eh}}w` B& Thfzlo‑

ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Aj` Kz||i{ ~}gfuje gf 87;8 |gkfje if ucj ugu`j ~hkj gf m`zj bjù!ug~ gfo

mw Thfzlo ui [hwfj? hfe 5' ‐Rhf Ewoj hfe ucj Awucglh` Lguw ib Ci``w{iie‑ ch}elirj} fi ez|u dhloju mw

]imj}u L& Lhffif ~}gfuje gf 8753 |gkfje if ucj b}ifu b}jj jfe ~h~j} gf m`hlo bizfuhgf ~jf gfo mw ucj

hzuci} ui [hwfj gf 87:5? h`` chrj D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

7 8)=‑ s 2 8)=‑ s 8‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

5552> bgrj ‐gfuj}fHugifH` aiugif ~gluz}j HàHfHl\‑

H`` ch}elirj} mw rh}giz| jegui}| ~}gfuje bi} ucj wjh}| 872; 8727 87;> 87;< hfe

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j|h4 %:>>!%;>>



=:> Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55528 H libbjj uHm`j miio

Ugu`je ‐Ucj H}u ib [hù Eg|fjw‑ ch}elirj} mw Lc}g|ui~cj}

Bgflc ~zm`g|cje gf 87;< |gkfje if ucj ugu`j ~hkj gf

m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo ‐Bi} ucj –Ezoj‗ ) Mj|u [g|cj| ) Aglojw ) 5)=7);:‑ #hìfk {guc h |ah`` e}h{gfk ib Aglojw Aiz|j'?

{guc h D[ m`gfe |uha~&

85‑ s 88‑ s =‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

5552= biz} [j\uj}f bgà miio\

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L`wej Djhrif| ~}gfuje gf 87;=? =' ‐Airgj Ci}|j|4 Ucjg} U}jhuajfu hfe U}hgfgfk‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u

dhloju mw Hfucifw Hah}h` ~}gfuje gf 872; |gkfje if ucj b}ifu b}jj jfe ~h~j} gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo mw

ucj hzuci} ui [hwfj? <' ‐Ucj Bgàgfk ib ucj [j|u‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Dif Uz|oh ~}gfuje gf

87;2? hfe 5' ‐Ucj Ch`` ib Bhaj ib [j|uj}f Bgà \uh}|‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw J}fj|u F& Li}fjhz

~}gfuje gf 8727? h`` {guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

8=‑ s 7‑ s 8‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

5552< \gs [j\uj}f miio\

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mw Cjf}w M`hloahf \j`` hfe Rglui} [jwm}gkcu ~}gfuje gf 87::? =' ‐Djbb

Agùif4 H Kiie Ahf {guc h Kzf‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw D& Jrjuu|

Ch`jw ~}gfuje gf 87:<? <' ‐Li{miw @gbj4 ]jlif|u}zlugfk Hf Haj}glhf Awuc‑

ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw [g``gha [& \hrhkj D}& ~}gfuje gf 87;:?

5' ‐Li{miw \`hfk‑ ch}elirj} fi ez|u dhloju mw Jekh} ]& îuuj} ~}gfuje

gf 87;8? :' ‐Mgk Ajf @jhrj Ejj~ U}hlo|‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju

mw Ch}`jw \aguc ~}gfuje gf 8722 |gkfje if ucj b}ifu b}jj jfe ~h~j} gf

m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo mw ucj hzuci} ui [hwfj gf 8722? hfe 2' ‐Gu Ch~~jfje gf

Li{ Lizfu}w‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw [&\& Lioj} ~}gfuje gf 87;=

|gkfje if ucj b}ifu b}jj jfe ~h~j} gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo mw ucj hzuci} ui

[hwfj? h`` {guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

8>‑ s 3‑ s 8‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =:8

55525 H \ju ib mizfe li~gj\ ib ‐H}gtifH

cgkc[Hw\‑ aHkHtgfj\, 87:>|!872>|

Biz} ri`zaj| b}ia 87:2 87:; 87:3 hfe 872:? jhlc lif|g|ugfk ib ucj

jfug}j wjh}‗| g||zj| mizfe uikjucj}? m}i{f ̀ jhucj} lirj}| jami||je {gucH}gtifh gahkj}w ucj ahkhtgfj ugu`j hfe ‐Ezoj‑ gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj}

#jslj~u bi} 872:'&

8=‑ s 7‑ s =‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

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dhloju mw Lh`jm ^g}u`j ~}gfuje gf 87;: |gkfje if ucj gf|gej lirj} mw ucj

hzuci}? hfe <' ‐Ucj \ojulcj| ib Uia ^cg``g~|‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju

mw Uia ^cg``g~| ~}gfuje gf 87;8? h`` {guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

88‑ s 8:‑ s =‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55522 bgrj jzkjfj aHfìrj }ciej\ miio\

Mw ucj hzuci} ofi{f h| ucj ‐Li{miw Lc}ifgl`j}‑ gfl`zegfk4 8' ‐Kiie Ajf

hfe U}zj‑ ch}elirj} ~}gfuje gf 878>? =' ‐[j|u g| [j|u‑ ch}elirj} ~}gfuje

gf 878;? <' ‐\uj~|if| ib @gkcu‑ ch}elirj} ~}gfuje gf 87=8? 5' ‐Li~~j} \u}jho U}hg`‑ ch}elirj} ~}gfuje gf 87==? hfe :' ‐Ucj ^}ize \cj}gbb‑

ch}elirj} ~}gfuje gf 87<:? fifj chrj ez|u dhloju|? h`` chrj D[ m`gfe

|uha~|&

3‑ s : 8)=‑ s =‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

5552; bgrj Herjfuz}j miio\

Gfl`zegfk4 8' ‐^g`k}ga| gf Ucjg} Uc}jj Ciaj|‑ ch}elirj} mw [g``gha J``giu

K}gbbg| ~}gfuje gf 8373 |uha~je ‐Ci``w{iie ^zm`gl @gm}h}w?‑ =' ‐Ahwh‑

ch}elirj} mw J}fj|u Miwe ~}gfuje gf 87=3 |uha~je ‐Bis \uzegi @gm}h}w?‑ <' ‐Ucj Azloj}‑ ch}elirj} mw Jekh} ]glj Mz}}izkc| ~}gfuje gf 87=8

chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif if b}ifu b}jj jfe ~h~j} }jhe| ‐^}i~j}uw ib ) [hwfj!

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gf @gkcu hfe \chei{‑ ch}elirj} mw M}ju Ch}uj ~}gfuje gf 8373 {guc h

miio~`huj }jhegfk ‐C&C& K}irj ) ^}grhuj @gm}h}w ) Fi& =;2?‑ fifj chrj ez|u

dhloju|? h`` chrj D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

3‑ s 2‑ s 8‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%::>



=:= Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55523 \jrjf aiej}f bglugif miio\

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mw Uciah| Ahff ~}gfuje gf 8753? <' ‐@i`guh‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju

mw R`hegag} Fhmioir ~}gfuje gf 87:: #u{j`buc ~}gfugfk'? 5' ‐Ucj ^j}ahfjfu

^`hwmiw‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw ]hw ]z||j`` ~}gfuje gf 87:7?

:' ‐Ucj Kie| Ucja|j`rj|‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw G|hhl H|gair

~}gfuje gf 87;=? 2' ‐Ljfujffgh`‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Dhaj| H&

Aglcjfj} ~}gfuje gf 87;5? hfe ;' ‐Dh{|‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw

^juj} Mjflc`jw ~}gfuje gf 87;5? h`` {guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&7‑ s ;‑ s =‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55527 ujf ~i`guglH``w!}j`Huje miio\

Gfl`zegfk4 8' ‐Fi [ifej} [j H}j @i|gfk‑ ~h~j}mhlo mw ]imj}u Ai}}g|

~}gfuje gf 87:3 |gkfje if ucj b}ifu b}jj jfe ~hkj gf m`hlo bjù!ug~ gfo mw ucj

hzuci} ui [hwfj gf 8725? =' ‐[chu Ch~~jfje ui Kiè{huj}9‑ ch}elirj}

{guc ez|u dhloju mw \uj~cjf \chejkk ~}gfuje gf 872:? <' ‐Haj}glhf| Wiz

Egj‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw ]imj}u @& Kh}lgh hfe Jekh} D& Mjh``

~}gfuje gf 8723 |gkfje gf ucj b}ifu b}jj jfe ~hkj gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo mw

ucj hzuci} ui [hwfj? 5' ‐@grgfk {guc Uj}}i}g|a‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju

mw ]glch}e L`zuuj}mzlo ~}gfuje gf 87;:? :' ‐Gu Egef‗u \uh}u {guc [huj}khuj‑ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Rglui} @h|ow ~}gfuje gf 87;;? 2' ‐]imj}u

B& Ojffjew4 Ucj Awuc hfe Ucj Ahf‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Rglui}

@h|ow ~}gfuje gf 8723? ;' ‐Ucj ]jmg}uc ib @gmj}uw‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u

dhloju mw L`h}jflj M& Lh}|if ~}gfuje gf 87;<? 3' ‐Ucj Lif|j}rhugrj

Gfuj``jluzh` Airjajfu gf Haj}glh \gflj 875:‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju

mw Kji}kj C& Fh|c ~}gfuje gf 87;2? 7' ‐Ci{ ui Ejbjfe Wiz}|j`b Wiz} Bhag`w

hfe Wiz} Ciaj‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Kji}kj Czfuj} ~}gfuje gf

872;? hfe 8>' ‐]glch}e Fgsif4 Ucj Ahf Mjcgfe ucj Ah|o‑ ch}elirj} {guc

ez|u dhloju mw Kh}w H``jf ~}gfuje gf 87;8? h`` {guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

7‑ s 2‑ s 8‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %;>>!%7>>

555;> bi z} D& }&}& uiògjf miio\

Gfl`zegfk4 8' ‐Ucj Cimmgu‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju ~}gfuje gf 8722?

=' ‐Ucj Bj`ì{|cg~ ib ucj ]gfk‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju ~}gfuje gf 872:?

<' ‐Ucj U{i Ui{j}|‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju ~}gfuje gf 872:? hfe

5' ‐Ucj ]juz}f ib ucj Ogfk‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju ~}gfuje gf 872:?

h`` {guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

7‑ s 2‑ s 8‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

555;8 H z\l!}j`Huje ‐`grgfk [jm\uj}

jflwlì~jegl eglugifH}w‑

Ch}elirj} jami||je if b}ifu ‐Zfgrj}|guw ib ) \izucj}f Lh`gbi}fgh ) Dicf

[hwfj,‑ jami||je if |~gfj gf ~h}u ‐Z\L H||ilghuj|,‑ fi ez|u dhloju mw

Ehfh B& Oj``j}ahf hfe iucj}| ~}gfuje gf 87;=? jrgejfu`w kgrjf ui [hwfj h|

h kgbu? {guc h D[ m`gfe |uha~& #^`jh|j fiuj |~gfj g| ui}f hfe }j~hg}je {guc

\liulc uh~j&'

88‑ s 7‑ s 5‑

j|h4 %:>>!%::>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =:<

555;= uc}jj }jbj}jflj miio\

Gfl`zegfk4 8' ‐Ucj Uiz}fhajfu ib ]i|j|‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju

mw Dij Cjfe}glo|if ~}gfuje gf 87;8 |gkfje if ucj b}ifu b}jj jfe ~h~j}

gf k}jjf mh``~igfu gfo mw ucj hzuci} ui [hwfj? =' ‐Ucj Jflwlì~jegh ib

\~i}u|‑ ch}elirj} fi ez|u dhloju mw B}hfo K& Ajfoj ~}gfuje gf 87:<?

hfe <' ‐Li``jkj Biiumh`` Z&\&H& 8327!87;8‑ ch}elirj} fi ez|u dhloju

~}gfuje gf 87;8? h`` {guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

88‑ s 7‑ s =‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%::>

555;< u[i libbjj uHm`j H}u miio\

Gfl`zegfk4 8' ‐Fi}ahf ]ilo{j`` H}ug|u hfe G``z|u}hui}‑ ch}elirj} fi ez|u

dhloju mw Uciah| \& Mzjlcfj} ~}gfuje gf 87;>? hfe =' ‐Je{h}e Ci~~j}‑

ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw @ìwe Kiie}glc ~}gfuje gf 87;= {guc gu|

i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` mis hee}j||je ui [hwfj? miuc {guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

#^`jh|j fiuj ucj}j g| ahdi} ehahkj ui ucj |~gfj hfe mhlo lirj} ib ucj

]ilo{j`` miio&'

Miuc4 82‑ s 85‑ s =‑

j|h4 %:>>!%::>

555;5 \jrjf czai} miio\

Gfl`zegfk4 8' ‐Lh~ugif| Liz}hkjiz|‑ ch}e lirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw Mim

]jg|fj} hfe Ch` Oh~~ì{ ~}gfuje gf 87:3? =' ‐Ucj B`w gf ucj Ah}ugfg‑

ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw ^h}oj Lzaagfk| ~}gfuje gf 8728? <' ‐Ucj

Lia~`juj Aiucj}‑ ch}elirj} {guc ez|u dhloju mw ^cw``g| Eg``j} ~}gfuje gf

8727 |gkfje if ucj b}ifu b}jj jfe ~h~j} gf m`zj mh``~igfu gfo mw ucj hzuci}

‐Ui ) Dicf [hwfj ) h –MGK‗ ahf gf ) jrj}w {hw @irj( ) ^cw``g| Eg``j}?‑ 5' ‐Ucj

@ifj`w Ifj|‑ ch}elirj} fi ez|u dhloju mw [g``gha \ujgk ~}gfuje gf 875=?

:' Ucj K}jhuj} @i| Hfkj`j| ^}j|| 3 Mh`` Bgfh`‑ ch}elirj} fi ez|u dhloju

mw @j{g| \& Wizfk ~}gfuje gf 87;>? 2' ‐Ucj Fj{ Wi}oj} H`mza ib \~i}u| "

Khaj|‑ ch}elirj} fi ez|u dhloju mw Lh}ajf ^j~~j ~}gfuje gf 87:3? hfe

;' ‐Ahf gf ucj \ci{j}‑ ch}elirj} fi ez|u dhloju mw ^juj} H}fi ~}gfuje gf

8755? h`` {guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

8=‑ s 7‑ s 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

555;: H k}iz~ ib aHkHtg fj\, 872>|!87;>|

H~~}isgahuj`w =>? ai|u {guc hee}j|| `hmj`| ui Dicf [hwfj hu cg| Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc ciaj i} ui Uciah| D& Ohfj ucj |ui}w jegui} hu Mhudhl ^}iezlugif|

gf Ci``w{iie? ugu`j| gfl`zej4 ^zm`g|cj}| [jjo`w #ahfw g||zj|' Z&\& Fj{|

" [i}è ]j~i}u Fhugifh` ]jrgj{ Bi}uzfj Ci}|j G``z|u}huje Ucj Lhrh`}w

Diz}fh` Ucj Haj}glhf Ciaj ]jh` [j|u hfe h bj{ iucj}|&

8=‑ s 8>‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>



=:5 Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

555;2 jgkcu aHkHtgfj\, 872>|!87;>|

H`` oj~u mw [hwfj mjlhz|j ucjw bjhuz}je h}ugl`j| hmizu cga hfe)

i} cg| bhag`w? gfl`zegfk #gf lc}ifiìkglh` i}ej}'4 8' Li|ai~i`guhf

Ah}lc 8728? =' ^ciui~`hw Ejljamj} 872=? <' J~ilh Hzkz|u 8725?5' Kiie Ciz|jojj~gfk Iluimj} 872:? :' [j|u Dhfzh}w 87;>?

2' Kiie Ciz|jojj~gfk Bjm}zh}w 87;<? ;' Ucj \huz}ehw Jrjfgfk

î|u Ah}lc 87;2? hfe 3' Kiie Ciz|jojj~gfk Dzfj 87;2&

8<‑ s 8>‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

555;; uc}jj \l}jjf eg}jlui}\ kzgè ib

Haj}glH ~`Hlj \juugfk\, 87:>|!872>|

H`` ahej ib ajuh`? gf ucj bi}a ib agfghuz}j eg}jlui}‗| lchg}|? ucj bg}|u b}ia

87:5? ucj |jlife b}ia 872>? ucj ucg}e b}ia 872= {guc hf heegugifh`

~`hlh}e if mh|j }jhegfk ‐B}hfo Lh~}h ) Cifi}je mw @i| Hfkj`j| Lchamj}

ib Liaaj}lj ) hfe ) Eg}jlui}| Kzgè ib Haj}glh& Gfl& ) Ahw 8=, 872=?‑ h``

jfk}hrje ‐Dicf [hwfj?‑ u{i {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj

872> ~gjlj g| ag||gfk gu| mhlo `jk|&'

5‑ s <‑ s =‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

555;3 H ajajfui b}ia ‐u wliif‑

]OI 875;& Gf ucj bi}a ib h ìliaiugrj ahej ib |ujj` }gkcu |gej jfk}hrje

‐Uwliif ) 875;,‑ `jbu |gej jfk}hrje ‐Ui ) Dicf ) \gja~}j ) \uj~cjf,‑ _Haj|

~}iezlj} ib ucj bgàQ? gfl`zeje {guc h |ah`` ciz|j ahej ib ajuh` ~`hlh}e

if ui~ }jhe| ‐8325 Ljfujffgh` 8725 ) ̂ }j|liuu, H}gtifh ) Dicf [hwfj

) ̂ }j|jfuje mw Ahwi} B&[& Uzuu ) \~if|i}?‑ gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje m`hlo

hfe {cguj gahkj |ci{gfk ucj ìliaiugrj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc

ibbglj&

8>‑ s =‑ s =‑ hfe 2‑ s :‑ s =‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

H j{ ìu| f uc| hzluif lhf mj |jjf f uc| ahkj i Dicf [hwfj‗| ilj f c| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

555;3



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =::

555;7 H libbjj azk b}ia ‐ucj \ciiug\u‑

^h}haizfu 87;2& Ahej ib lj}hagl b}ifu ch| gahkj ib [hwfj h| ‐D&M&

Miio|‑ hfe bgà ugu`j mhlo ch| ujsu }jhegfk ‐J}gl ) b}ia ) Ezoj,‑ miuuia g|

|uha~je ‐Ojulcza I}gkgfh`| ) 88>: @ifk Mjhlc M`re& ) @ifk Mjhlc, Lh`&

7>38<?‑ kgbuje mw [hwfj ui J}gl Hfej}|if mzu gu {h| }juz}fje ui |jfej} bi}

hee}j|| zfofi{f? |ug`` gf i}gkgfh` |cg~~gfk mis&

Cjgkcu4 < 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%::>

5553> H libbjj azk b}ia ‐}ii\uj} likmz}f‑

Zfgrj}|h` 87;:& Ahej ib lj}hagl b}ifu ch| gahkj ib [hwfj h| ahgf

lch}hluj} hfe Ohuch}gfj Cj~mz}f h| ‐Jz`h Kiiefgkcu‑ {guc bgà ugu`j mhlo

ch| ujsu }jhegfk ‐Uia ) b}ia ) Ezoj,‑ miuuia g| |uha~je ‐Ojulcza I}gkgfh`|

) 88>: @ifk Mjhlc M`re& ) @ifk Mjhlc, Lh`& 7>38<?‑ kgbuje mw [hwfj ui Uia

]iw|ejf mzu gu {h| }juz}fje ui |jfej} bi} hee}j|| zfofi{f? |ug`` gf i}gkgfh`

|cg~~gfk mis&

Cjgkcu4 < 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%::>

55538 H libbjj azk b}ia ‐lHcg`` z&\& aH }\cH``‑

[h}fj} M}i|& 87;<& Ahej ib lj}hagl b}ifu ch| gahkj ib h [j|uj}f |u}jju |ljfj hfe bgà ugu`j mhlo ch| ujsu }jhegfk ‐]hw ) b}ia ) Ezoj,‑ miuuia g|

|uha~je ‐Ojulcza I}gkgfh`| ) 88>: @ifk Mjhlc M`re& ) @ifk Mjhlc, Lh`&

7>38<?‑ kgbuje mw [hwfj ui ]hw Aiwj} mzu gu {h| }juz}fje ui |jfej} bi}

hee}j|| zfofi{f? |ug`` gf i}gkgfh` |cg~~gfk mis&

Cjgkcu4 < 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%::>




5553= H ej\o gf\u }zajfu, 872=

Gf ucj bi}a ib h |cg~‗| cjà ahej ib kiè ajuh` {guc bgrj |j~h}huj khzkj| bi} h ucj}aiajuj} h

mh}iajuj} h cwk}iajuj} h lìlo hfe h lh`jfeh}? hbbgsje ui h {cguj ah}m`j mh|j {guc h ~`hlh}e if b}ifu }jhegfk ‐Ezoj ) B}ia ]i``w hfe ]h`~c ) Lc}g|uah| 872=‑ _]i``w Ch}~j} hfe ]h`~c K}jjf u{i lhuj}j}|

{ci {i}oje if ahfw [hwfj bgà |ju|Q? {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}& #[i}ogfk lifegugif fiu ofi{f hfe

~`hlh}e if b}ifu hbbgsje {guc \liulc uh~j&'

2‑ s :‑ s 2‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

5553< uc}jj ci}\j bgkz}gfj\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u h ajuh` |lz`~uz}j hbbgsje ui h ah}m`j mh|j

~`hlh}e }jhe| ‐Ui Ezoj [hwfj ) [guc Bifej|u ]jkh}e|

) Uia J& \uhf`jw, \lz`~ui}?‑ ucj |jlife hf h{h}e {guc

~`hlh}e }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj ) Mj|u [j|uj}f Hlui} ) 87;>!

87;8 ) Az|uhfk H{h}e ) Jòi, Fjrheh‑ #~`hlh}e hbbgsje

{guc \liulc uh~j'? ucj ucg}e h ej|o ~jf cièj} {guc h

~`hlh}e }jhegfk ‐Ui Ucj ) Ezoj ) b}ia ) Dij [jgf|cjfoj}

) \ujrj Whlc&‑

8=‑ s 5‑ s 5‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55535 biz} ~H~j}[jgkcu\, 87;>|

H`` jfk}hrje ‐Dicf [hwfj?‑ ucj bg}|u b }ia ucj Lguw ib ^cg`hej̀ ~cgh? ucj

|jlife fiugfk ‐::=?‑ ucj ucg}e b}ia ucj \uhuj ib Liì}hei? hfe ucj biz}uc

b}ia Ucj Haj}glhf Bgà Gf|uguzuj‗| ‐\h`zuj ui Dicf Bi }e ) Ah}lc <8, 87;<?‑

u{i {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

:‑ s <‑ s 8‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =:;

5553: H k}iz~ ib ej\o Hllj\\i}gj\, 87:> |!872>|

\gs uiuh`? gfl`zegfk4 8' h l`g~mih}e {guc h |uj}`gfk |g`rj} l`g~ jfk}hrje ‐D[ ) C[^L 8725‑ _Ci``w{iie [iajf‗| ^}j|| L`zmQ? =' h rjìz}!lirj}je mis {guc h `jhucj}

uhk gf gu| ljfuj} }jhegfk ‐Ja~uw îloju?‑ <' h Mi|uif m}hfe ~jflg` |ch}~jfj}? 5' h \{gfk`gfj –Lzm‗ m}hfe |uh~`j}? :' h chfe!cjè jami||j} uchu ~}gfu| ‐Dicf [hwfj ) Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ) Lh`gbi}fgh 7=22<‑ {cjf z|je? hfe 2' h ~`h|ugl fiuj~he)~jf cièj} {guc ~j}|ifh`gtje fiuj~h~j} }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj?‑ h`` z|je mw [hwfj gf cg|

ibbglj hu u cj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55532 biz} l gkH}juuj ` gkcuj}\, 872>|

H`` ahej ib |g`rj} ajuh`? ucj bg}|u mw \l}g~ui bjhuz}gfk hf gahkj ib h ag`guh}w ahf? ucj |jlife mw Gfuj`guj {guc ucj –=2 Mh} ]hflc‗ ìki if b}ifu ujsu if mhlo }jhe|

‐\ui`jf B}ia ) Ezoj " @izgj?‑ ucj ucg}e mw Tg~~i ujsu if b}ifu }jhe| ‐Ucj K}jjf Mj}ju|,‑ ujsu if mhlo }jhe| ‐Z&\& H}aw \~jlgh` Bi}lj| ) \ui`jf B}ia ) Dicf [hwfj?‑

ucj biz}uc mw Tg~~i ujsu if b}ifu }jhe| gf ~h}u ‐^cg`hej`~cgh ) \cg~ Ahgfujfhflj ) Li&, Gfl&‑

Rh}giz| \gtj|

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

5553; \jrjf H\cu}Hw\, 872>|!87;>|

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h }izfe ifj ahej ib ah}m`j? =' h |xzh}j ifj ahej

ib ~i}lj`hgf {guc ucj ^cg`hej`~cgh Jhk`j| ìki gf ucj ljfuj}? <' h

}izfe ifj ahej ib hamj}!liì}je k`h||? 5' h }izfe ifj ahej ib

k`h|| ~hgfuje }je #cjhrg`w lcg~~je fi{' {guc h |li}~gif gf ucj ljfuj}

mjì{ ujsu }jhegfk ‐]jlzj}ei ej Ez}hfki‑? :' h }izfe ifj |gag`h}

ui ucj biz}uc mzu gf `gaj k}jjf? 2' h }izfe ifj ahej ib |g`rj} ajuh`

|gaz`hugfk h fgloj` {guc ujsu h}izfe ucj m}ga }jhegfk ‐Ucj Bg}|u

Mzbbhì Fgloj` 878<‑ mw Hrif? hfe ;' h {iiejf hfe ajuh` ifj gf ucj

|ch~j ib h ci}|j|cij? h`` z|je mw [hwfj {cjf cj {h| h |aioj}&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55533 H }Huu` j\fHoj eg\~` Hw, 87;>|

H~~jh}gfk ui mj h }jh` ifj ~}j|j}rje gf m}iftj ciz|je gf gu| i{f ofiuuw ~gfj mis? {guc h D[gfrjfui}w |ugloj}& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj }huu`j} ch| m}iojf ibb mzu lhf `goj`w mj }j~hg}je&'

\fhoj4 8<‑ s 7‑ s =‑? Mis4 8<‑ s 83‑ s ;‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55537 H `H}kj li``j lugif ib Hzuik}H~c lH}e\, 872> |!87;>|

H~~}isgahuj`w =>>? ej|gkfje ui ìio `goj h |uhfeh}e mz|gfj|| lh}e {guc ‐Dicf [hwfj‑ ~}gfuje if ucj b} ifu hfe ucj hlui}‗| bhl|gag`j |gkfhuz}j

if ucj mhlo }jhegfk ‐Kiie @zlo ) Dicf [hwfj‑ gf jgucj} m`zj m`hlo k}jjf i} }je ~}gfu&

8 8)=‑ s <‑

Mjlhz|j [hwfj {h| gfzfehuje {guc }jxzj|u| bi} cg| hzuik}h~c jrj}w ugaj cj {jfu izu gf ~zm`gl, cj {izè chfe izu ucj|j lh}e| gf|ujhe&

j|h4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =:7

5557> Hf jfi}aiz\ li``jlugif ib

mz\gfj\\ lH}e\, 87:>|!87;>|

H~~}isgahuj`w :>>? b}ia lizfu`j|| gfegrgezh`| {ci jflizfuj}je i} che

mz|gfj|| ejh`gfk| {guc [hwfj gfl`zegfk uguhf| ib gfez|u}w airgj |uzegi

~j}|iffj` ~i`glj ibbglj}| ag`guh}w ibb glj}| diz}fh`g|u| ~ciuik}h~cj}|

rjuj}gfh}ghf| eilui}| dhfgui}| chg}e}j||j}| whlcu |j``j}| uhgì}|

hfe ~j}|ifh` |uw`g|u| ui fhaj dz|u h bj{? lh}e| h`|i }j`huj ui ciuj`|

}j|uhz}hfu| ej~h}uajfu |ui}j| hfe }juhg` |ci~| uchu [hwfj ~hu}ifgtje?

ahfw h}j b}ia ucj @i| Hfkj`j| hfe Fj{~i}u Mjhlc h}jh| ucizkc iucj}||~hf ucj {i}è h| [hwfj {h| {j``!u}hrj`je? fifj h~~jh} ui mj b}ia bhaiz|

i} {j``!ofi{f ~ji~`j {guc ucj jslj~ugif ib h lh}e b}ia ]imj}u B& \`hutj}

― h Ci``w{iie chfkj}!if gfbhaiz| bi} l`hgagfk ui chrj mjjf ah}}gje ui

Ah}g`wf Aif}ij? h`` ciz|je gf hf iè mis {guc h chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif if

ucj |gej }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj ) Ag|l& Mz|gfj|| Lh}e|?‑ irj}h`` h bh|lgfhugfk

li``jlugif |ci{gfk {ci [hwfj {h| ajjugfk {guc ~}ibj||gifh``w hfe

~j}|ifh``w irj} ucj liz}|j ib ahfw ejlhej|&

Ai|u`w4 =‑ s < 8)=‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55578 H k}iz~ ib jfrjì~j\ Hfe Hee}j\\ `Hmj`\, 872>|!87;>|

Gfl`zegfk4 h mis ib |ah`` |uhugifj}w jfrjì~j| {guc ucj mhlo b`h~ jfk}hrje

‐Dicf [hwfj?‑ uc}jj |uhlo| ib egbbj}jfu!|gtje jfrjì~j| #bi} ~ciuik}h~c|'

{guc ucj ì{j} `jbu li}fj} ib ai|u ~}gfuje ‐^ciui| ) B}ia ) Dicf [hwfj )

Ci``w{iie, Lh`gbi}fgh ) ]juz}f î|uhkj Kzh}hfujje?‑ h |uhlo ib }juz}f hee}j||

`hmj`| ~}gfuje ‐Dicf [hwfj ) 7:;7 [g`|cg}j M`re& \zguj 5>> ) Mjrj} `w Cg``|,

LH 7>=8=?‑ hfe h |uhlo ib iucj} }juz}f hee}j|| ̀ hmj`| ~}gfuje ‐Dicf [hwfj )

82:78 Fiwj| Hrjfzj ) G}rgfj, Lh`gbi}fgh 7=;>:?‑ rh}giz| xzhfugugj| ib jhlc

guja&

@h}kj|u Jfrjì~j4 88 8)=‑ s 85 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

5557= jgkcu \aH`` `jHucj} guja\, 872>|!87;>|

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h m`hlo `jhucj} ahfglz}j ogu {guc h chfe{}guujf uhk

|hbjuw!~gffje gf|gej }jhegfk ‐D& [hwfj?‑ =' h uhf `jhucj} ~h||~i}u

cièj} {guc [hwfj‗| i{f chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif gf m`zj mh``~igfu

gfo if gf|gej `gfgfk fiugfk cg| |ilgh` |jlz}guw fzamj}? <' h m`hlo

`jhucj} mz|gfj|| lh}e cièj} |uha~je ‐Kzllg?‑ 5' h m`hlo h``gkhui} mg``biè? :' h m`hlo `jhucj} {h``ju? 2' h m}i{f `jhucj} ahfglz}j

ogu {guc h kiè ajuh` aifik}ha }jhegfk ‐D[?‑ ;' h m}i{f ~hujfu

`jhucj} {h``ju? hfe 3' h m}i{f `jhucj} ehujmiio {guc ucj gf|gej

lirj} jami||je ‐D[?‑ |iaj {guc jrgejfu {jh}&

7 8)=‑ s :‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




5557< H –=2 mH} }Hflc‗ ~}j\jfuHugif m}gjblH\j , 87;3

Ahej ib uhf `jhucj} chfe!uii`je if ucj b}ifu hfe mhlo |gej| {guc hf j`hmi}huj `jhb hfe hli}f aiugb jami||je gf ucj z~~j} `jbu li}fj} {guc ucj –=2 Mh}‗ ìki

_[hwfj‗| lhuu`j }hflc gf Lh|h K}hfej H}gtifhQ hfe gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Ezoj,‑ |uj}`gfk |`grj} ~`hlh}e if ui~ jfk}hrje ‐^}j|jfuje ui ) Dicf [hwfj ) Mw ) Ujsh|

hfe \izuc{j|uj}f ) Lhu u`j ]hg|j}| H||f & 87;3&‑

8<‑ s 83‑ s :‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55575 uc}jj \aH`` lH}}wgfk

lH\j\, 872>|!87;>|

Ucj bg}|u ahej ib uhf `jhucj} {guc k}jjf hfe }je

bhm}gl |u}g~j| gf ljfuj} imìfk gf |ch~j ahoj}‗|

|uha~ if tg~~j} }jhe| ‐Kzllg,‑ aifik}ha ib ‐^&[&‑

_^g`h} [hwfjQ jami||je if ui~ |gej i}gkgfh` `gfgfk

}j~`hlje `jhucj} uhk hbbgsje ui chfe`j eg|~`hw|

ifj ib [hwfj‗| hzuik}h~c lh}e| gf|gej mhk

ch| lifujfu| `jbu ucj}j mw [hwfj #{ci jrgejfu`w

mi}}i{je cg| {gbj‗| mhk' gfl`zegfk h ejlo ib lh}e|

h miuu`j ib Rguhagf L mh}| ib ajf‗| |ih~ h uh~j

ajh|z}j hfe h fzamj} ib hzuik}h~c lh}e| ~`z|

h bj{ iucj} guja|? ucj |jlife ahej ib m`hlo rgfw`|uha~je ‐Ucj ^jfgf|z`h ) Cifk Oifk‑ if jgucj}

|gej gf|gej ch| lifujfu| `jbu ucj}j mw [hwfj

gfl`zegfk aizuc {h|c h mhfehffh h ejlo ib

lh}e| h b`h|c`gkcu chfe l}jha hfe }jljg~u| b}ia

ucj ciuj`? ucj ucg}e ahej ib m}i{f `jhucj} gf|gej

uhk }jhe| ‐\~jlgh` \~i}u| ) Jxzg~ajfu ) Kiojw ) \u& ^hz`, Agff&,‑ h~~jh}gfk ui mj h

bg|c uhlo`j mhk& #^`jh|j fiuj h`` mhk| h}j {j`` {i}f hfe |iaj{chu |uhgfje ezj ui z|j&'

83‑ s 3‑ s ;‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

5557: uc}jj lHfrH\ uiuj mHk\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u ibb!{cguj {guc uhf `jhucj} u}ga m}h|| uhk hbb gsje ui chfe`j }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj ) Fj{~i}u Mjhlc, Lh`gbi}fgh 7=22<?‑ ucj |jlife ochog!liì}je {guc eh}o m}i{f `jhucj}

mzlo`j |u}h~| h –`hmj` ahoj}‗ uhk hbbgsje ui b}ifu }jhe| ‐Dicf ) [hwfj,‑ gf|gej lifujfu|

`jbu ucj}j mw [hwfj gfl`zej ejlo| ib lh}e| Hòh!\jùtj} hfe h |cij ci}f ~`z| h bj{

iucj} guja|? ucj ucg}e uhf {guc eh}o m}i{f rgfw` ejuhg`gfk hf Haj}glhf Hg}`gfj| mhkkhkj

GE uhk ch| h chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj,‑ h –`hmj` ahoj}‗ uhk hbbgsje

ui b}ifu h`|i fiuj| cg| fhaj gf|gej lifujfu| `jbu ucj}j mw cga gfl`zej jwj e}i~| h

lgkh}juuj `gkcuj} h Mgm`j hfe hzuik}h~c lh}e|&

88‑ s =8‑ s 2‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




55572 H k}iz~ ib lHfrH\ mHk\, 87:>|!87;>|

J`jrjf uiuh`? |iaj ibbglgh` Z&\& ag`guh}w g||zj gf rh}giz| |ch~j| hfe |gtj| #|zlc h| ezbb`j mhk| aj||jfkj} mhk| ofh~|hlo| jul&' h`` i`grj k}jjf i} uhf liì}je u{i

chrj chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif| gf m`hlo gfo }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj?‑ h`|i gfl`zeje g| h lhfujjf h bg} |u hge ogu h zug`guw ~iloju b`h~)mjù guja h zug`guw rj|u hfe uc}jj

jaj}kjflw m`hfoju| uchu [hwfj i}ej}je b}ia Jeegj Mhzj} {cglc h}j |ug`` gf ucjg} i}gkgfh` u}hf|aguuh` jfrjì~j hee}j||je ui cga& #^`jh|j fiuj ai|u mhk| h}j cjhrg`w

|uhgfje hfe eg}ugje h| ucjw {j}j jrgejfu`w z|je ibujf&'

Rh}giz| \gtj|

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

5557; H uii` mis, 872> |!87;>|

Ahej ib ajuh` ~hgfuje h}aw k}jjf |ugloj} if ui~ }jhe| ‐]i``w Ch}~j} ) ]h`~c K}jjf )

Aiugif ^gluz}j Lhuj}j}| Gfl& ) Bgfj|u Biie \j}rje Hfw{cj}j,‑ |ugloj} if gf|gej }jhe| gf ~h}u

‐^gifjj} \ujj` Li& ) \izuc Khuj, Lh`gb& ) Aiej` O!82?‑ gf|gej lifuhgf| h {}jflc h biègfk

wh}e|uglo)}z`j} h agfghuz}j l}i{ mh} u{i 8 8)5 ~izfe lg}l`j {jgkcu| ga~}gfuje ‐Cjhùc{hw| )

Ci``w{iie,‑ |ah`` ig` lhf| hfe h fzamj} ib ìi|j fhg`| hfe |l}j{| if ucj miuuia ib ucj mis

haifk h bj{ iucj} `goj guja|&

Uii` Mis4 ;‑ s 82‑ s 2 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55573 H li[miw cHu ìloj},

872>|!87;>|

Ahej ib {iie ~hgfuje jkk!|cj`` {cguj u{i

ajuh` chfe`j| if jgucj} |gej h cgfkje b}ifu eii}

i~jf| ui }jrjh` biz} |cj`rj| bi} chu |ui}hkj b}ifu

ch| hffiuhugif| chfe{}guujf gf m`hlo bjù!ug~

gfo }jhegfk ‐Mhudhl ̂ }ie& ) O!8>> ) Fj{ Chu| )

\H!2\85 ) Chu|&‑

<<‑ s 8: 8)=‑ s 8;‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55577 u[i k}jjf u}zfo\, 872>| !87;>|

Ucj bg}|u ifj ahej ib ~`h|ugl {guc ah|ogfk uh~j }jhegfk ‐D[‑ gf ucj z~~j} `jbu li}fj} {guc U[H hfe

iucj} u}hrj`!}j`huje |ugloj}| if |z}bhlj {guc huuhlcje ̀ jhucj} uhk chrgfk h chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif gf

m`hlo mh``~igfu gfo }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj‑ #`goj`w gf [hwfj‗| chfe'? ucj |jlife ~gjlj |gag`h} mzu {guc

heeje ajuh` u}ga fi ̀ hmj`| uhk| i} |ugloj}| jrgejfu&Miuc4 <>‑ s 82‑ s 8=‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:>> u[i ~gjlj\ ib `zkkHkj, 87:> |!87;>|

Ucj bg}|u h m`hlo ~`h|ugl u}zfo {guc h {iiejf miuuia {guc fzaj}iz| –Dicf [hwfj‗ }juz}f hee}j|| `hmj`|

hbbgsje ui |z}bhlj `hmj` if ui~ ch| h chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif gf m`hlo bjù ug~ gfo }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj

) ^j}|ifh` Jbbjlu| ) Chg}~gjlj|, M`jfej}, jul&‑ hfe |gag`h} chfe{}gugfk if miuuia }jhegfk ‐[M Jfk`hfe

) Dicf [hwfj,‑ {guc hf @HS b`gkcu |ugloj} hbbgsje ui |gej? ucj |jlife g| h m`hlo `jhucj} |zgulh|j& #^`jh|j

fiuj miuc ~gjlj| |ci{ |gkf| ib cjhrw z|j hfe {jh}&'

U}zfo4 83‑ s =;‑ s 8<‑? \zgulh|j‑ 83‑ s <8‑ s 8>‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:>8 u[i ~i}uHm`j aH\\Hkj

uHm`j\, 87:>|!87;>|

Miuc {guc {iiejf b}haj| uchu biè gfui h lh}} wgfk

lh|j {guc chfe`j| if ui~? ucj bg}|u {guc h ah}iif

~heeje rgfw` ui~? ucj |jlife {guc h m`hlo

~heeje rgfw` ui~ hfe }je!~hgfuje |gej|? gfl`zeje

h}j u{j`rj miuu`j| ib @hfi Ah||hkj ̀ iugif |ug``

gf ucjg} i}gkgfh` |cg~~gfk mis& #^`jh|j fiuj miuc

uhm`j| |ci{ |gkf| ib {jh} hfe hkj&'

Miuc4 ;=‑ s =5‑ s <8‑

Ucizkc ucj|j uhm`j| h}j fiu b}ia ucj b haiz|

87:: j~g|iej ib ‐G @irj @zlw‑ {cj}j @zlw kgrj|

[hwfj h mhe }zm!ei{f, ucjw h}j |gag`h} ui ucj

ifj z|je gf uchu |ug`` cw|uj}glh` |ljfj&

j|h4 %3>>!%8,=>>




55:>= H –}je }grj} e‗ mjù mzlo`j, 872 >|

Ahej ib |g`rj} ajuh` {guc h –}i~j‗ u}ga }hg|je ejuhg`| }jhegfk ‐E ]grj} 8759‑

#`h|u fzamj} g``jkgm`j' ~`z| u{i {hrw `gfj|&

=‑s < 8)=‑

Ucg| g| h }izkc li~w ib [hwfj‗| bhaiz| –]je ]grj} E‗ mjù mzlo`j? ~j}ch~| gu {h| {i}f mw [hwfj bi} |uzfu {i}o i} che hfiucj} ~z}~i|j hùikjucj}&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:>< H \uj}`gfk \g`rj} –=2 mH} } Hflc‗ mjù mzlo`j , 87;5

[guc h –}i~j‗ aiugb h}izfe ucj jekj h |ah`` |ujj}‗| cjhe gf ì{j} `jbu li}fj} h uz}xzig|j fzkkju gf z~~j} `jbu li}fj} }hg|je `juuj}gfk }jhe| ‐Ezoj‑ hmirj ucj –=2 Mh}‗

ìki _[hwfj‗| lhuu`j }hflc gf Lh|h K}hfej H}gtifhQ mhlo jfk}hrje ‐[j| B`jagfk ) Di`gju, Aifu& –;5&‑

=‑ s < 8)=‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55:>5 H –=2 mH} }Hflc‗ mjù, 87;2

H `h}kj ajuh` mzlo`j bjhuz}gfk h |ujj} cjhe hfe ucj –=2 Mh}‗ ìki mhlo

jfk}hrje ‐Ui Dicf [hwfj ) 87;2 ) Agoj B`hfhkhf ) 87;2?‑ mjù g| uhf

`jhucj} |gtj 5=? {guc jrgejfu {jh}&

Mzlo`j‑ <‑ s 5‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




55:>: H \uj}`g fk \g`rj} –ki ujsHf‗ mjù mzlo`j , 8725

[guc }hg|je m}h|| ̀ ju uj}gfk }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj ) [j|uj}fj} ib ucj Wjh} ) 8725 ) Ki Ujshf ) Ciz|uif Bh}a " ]hflc L`zm?‑ ucj mhlo jfk}hrje

‐^}j|jfuje Ui ) ̂ hu [hwfj ) Bi} Cg| Bhucj} Dicf [hwfj ) Mw ucj Ciz|uif Bh}a " ]hflc L `zm ) Dhf& ==&, 8725 ) Ciz|uif, Ujsh|&‑

= 8)=‑ s < 8)=‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55:>2 H –ezoj‗ mjù, 87;>|

H uhf `jhucj} chfe!uii`je mzlo`j }jhegfk ‐Ezoj,‑ {guc h {cguj |ugulcje mi}ej} mjù g| |haj uhf `jhucj} chfe!uii`je {guc ci}|j

hfe bh}a gahkj}w {guc hfiucj} ‐Ezoj‑ gf ljfuj} mhlo {guc |haj {cguj |ugulcje mi}ej} |gtj 52 {guc fi {jh}&

Mzlo`j4 <‑ s 5 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:>; H –ezoj‗ mjù, 87;>|

H |uj}`gfk |g`rj} hfe ajuh` mzlo`j }jhegfk ‐Ezoj?‑ mjù g| m}i{f

`jhucj} {guc h chfe!uii`je `jhb ej|gkf |gtj 55 {guc fi {jh}? {guch D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

Mzlo`j4 =‑ s <‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:>3 u[i –ezoj‗ mjù\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u ahej ib uhf `jhucj} mjhzugbz``w chfe!uii`je gf h bì}h`

ej|gkf {guc ucj mhlo }jhegfk ‐Ezoj,‑ |gkfje if ucj gf|gej gf m`hlo

bjù!ug~ gfo ‐Dz|ugf Mjh|`jw ) Liew, [wi&,‑ |gtj 5= {guc fi {jh}? ucj

|jlife h`|i uhf `jhucj} {guc h chfe!|uha~je ‐Ezoj‑ if ucj mhlo

|gtj 5= {guc fi {jh}&

j|h4 %:>>!%::>

55:>7 u[i \uj}`gfk \g`rj} –jHk`j‗ mjù mzlo`j\, 872>|

Ucj bg}|u {guc h }hg|je jhk`j cjhe? ucj |jlife {guc gf`hge m`hlo hfe {cguj

|uifj| bi}agfk h b`wgfk jhk`j mhlo jfk}hrje ‐Ui ) Ezoj [hwfj ) Jhk`j bi}

Cg| Lizfu}w ) B}ia @h}}w Og``&‑

= 8)=‑ s < 8)5‑ hfe =‑ s <‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




55:8> H k}iz~ ib fjlo ugj\, 872>|!87;>|

H~~}isgahuj`w 5>? ai|u`w ahej ib |gò {guc u}hegugifh`

~huuj}f| #ucizkc ucj}j h}j h bj{ bzfow ifj|' gf

rh}giz| {geuc| ej~jfegfk if {chu wjh} ucjw {j}j

mizkcu {guc uhk| b}ia |ui}j| |zlc h| Fjgahf!Ah}lz|

Uh`miuu‗| Ci}lci{ Lhm`j Lh} Lìucgj}| \w Ejri}j hfe

Ch}}ie| haifk iucj}|&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55:88 H 85o kiè –=2 mH} }Hflc‗ ajeH``gif, 872> |

Ej|gkfje {guc h uc}jj!egajf|gifh` |ujj} cjhe {guc eghaife jwj| jfk}hrgfk mjì{ }jhe| ‐=2 Mh} ]hflc,‑ jfk}hrgfk if mhlo }jhe| ‐\ui`jf b}ia ) Dicf [hwfj )

@izg| Dicf|if ) Ojf ]jhb|fwej},‑ _[hwfj‗| ~h}ufj}| hu cg| lhuu`j }hflc gf Lh|h K}hfej H}gtifhQ |ah`` lchgf hbbgsje hu ui~ ucizkc gu‗| m}iojf&

Eghajuj}4 8 8)=‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55:8= H 85o kiè lcH}a H[H}e, 872:

î||gm`w h {hulc bim gf ucj bi}a ib hf h~~`j hfe h ci}|j|cij {guc h lchgf liffjlugfk ucj u{i? jfk}hrgfk if ucj mhlo ib h~~`j

}jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj ) C[^L ) 872:‑ _Ci``w{iie [iajf‗| ^}j|| L`zmQ& Ucj C[^L {cglc {h| bizfeje mw @izj``h ^h}|if| gf

87=3 {h| }j|~if|gm`j bi} kgrgfk –Kièjf H~~`j‗ h{h}e| ui hlui}| bi} kiie mjchrgi} [hwfj {gffgfk bi} ucg| wjh}&

@jfkuc4 5 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55:8< H 85o kiè [Hulc bim mw [g`` gHa }z\j}, 87:<

H \u& Kjfj|gz| _~hu}if |hgfu ib hlui}|Q ajeh` huuhlcje ui h Ag`hfi }i~j lchgf {guc hf heeje ~`hgf irh` lch}a huuhlcje mw h |ah``j}

lchgf mhlo jfk}hrje ‐Ch~~w Mg}ucehw ) 87:< ) @irj hfe Og||j| ) Mg``gj hfe Mò‑ _Mò ]ii| [hwfj‗| ifjugaj mz|gfj|| ahfhkj}

b}ia ucj Mjrj}`w Ahfhkjajfu Li}~i}hugifQ bz}ucj} ch`àh}oje ‐Li~w}gkcu ]z|j}‑ _ucj ~i~z`h} Mjrj}`w Cg``| dj{j`j}Q&

@jfkuc4 =>‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55:85 u[i 85o kiè ~gjlj\, 87:>|

Ucj bg}|u hf GE uhk b}ifu jfk}hrje ‐Ezoj [hwfj ) Mhudhl ) 8>== ̂ hà Hrjfzj ) Ci``w{iie, Lh`gbi}fgh,‑ mhlo jfk}hrje ‐Ezoj ) dz|u gf

lh|j wiz kju ì|u ) b}ia ) wiz} ~h` Mò?‑ ucj |jlife h ~jfehfu gf ucj bi}a ib h lg}lz`h} lh`jfeh} {guc h k}jjf |uifj |ju hu Ahw hfe h‐=2‑ jfk}hrje gf ucj ljfuj} _[hwfj‗| mg}ucehw {h| Ahw =2 87>;Q mhlo jfk}hrje ‐Hf ga~i}uhfu ) ehuj ui bi}kju9 ) Ci{ ahfw ahfw

ai}j ) @irj Mg``gj " ) Mò‑ _Mò ]ii| [hwfj‗| ifjugaj mz|gfj|| ahfhkj} b}ia ucj Mjrj}`w Ahfhkjajfu Li}~i}hugifQ&

8)=‑ s 8‑? Eghajuj}4 8‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55:82 bgrj 85o kiè guja\, 87:>|!872>|

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h m}iojf aifjw l`g~ jfk}hrje ‐D&[&?‑ =' h ojw

lirj} jfk}hrje ‐D[?‑ <' h |cij lch}a? 5' h }jluhfkz`h}

ìloju jfk}hrje ‐D –E‗ [?‑ hfe :' h uiiuc~glo #bi} ucj ahf

{ci ch| jrj}wucgfk'&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

j|h4 %3>>!%8,>>>

55:8: H 85o kiè aifjw l` g~, 872>|

H 83>8!875; –:> ^j|i|‗ kiè ligf hbbgsje ui h kiè

fzkkju l`g~ mhlo jfk}hrje ‐Ui Ezoj ) B}ia Ojf&‑

= 8)=‑ s 8‑

Hlli}egfk ui Juchf [hwfj, ucg| {h| ucj aifjw l`g~ cg|

ehe z|je bi} ejlhej|&

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>




55:8; u[i aifik}Haaje mHekj\, 872>|

Ucj bg}|u ahej ib ~j{uj} jfk}hrje gf ljfuj} ‐D[?‑ ucj |jlife ahej ib kiè!

liì}je ajuh` }jhegfk ‐Lguw ib Fj{ Wi}o ̂ i`glj ) Ejujlugrj ) D[&‑

@h}kj|u4 <‑ s <‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:83 biz} miì ugj\, 872>|!87;>|

Ucj bg}|u |uj}`gfk |g`rj} hfe uz}xzig|j mhlo jfk}hrje ‐Ui ucj Ezoj ) B}ia ucj

@g~~iè| hu ) OO ]ilo " \g`rj} \ci~ ) Lh}|if Lgu w, Fjrheh ) \uj}`gfk,‑ {guc h

m}hgeje m`hlo hfe m}i{f `jhucj} ugj? ucj |jlife |uj}`gfk |g`rj} hfe uz}xzig|j

b}ifu |uha~je ‐[hwfj ) Dicf,‑ {guc h m}hgeje uhf hfe m}i{f `jhucj} ugj? ucj

ucg}e |g`rj} ajuh` {guc h Ah|ifgl jam`ja {guc h m`hlo li}e ugj? ucj biz}uc

h |uifj!`goj ahuj}gh` {guc hf julcgfk ib h Fhugrj Haj}glhf if ci}|jmhlo

|ciiugfk h mzbbhì mhlo jfk}hrje ‐Ui Dicf [hwfj ) Cj}mj}u Eg`ìf,‑ {guc h

m}hgeje m`hlo `jhucj} ugj&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:87 H :!izflj \uj}`gfk \ g`rj} mH}, 87;5

B}ifu jfk}hrje ‐: it U}iw ) 777 Bgfj,‑ mhlo jfk}hrje ‐Ezoj ) Aj}}w

Lc}g|uah| ) 87;5 ) [h}e " ^hu&‑

8‑ s =‑ s 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:=> u[i aifik}Haaje aifjw l`g~\, 872>|

Ucj bg}|u ahej ib m`hlo `jhucj} jami||je gf kiè ‐D&[&,‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}? ucj |jlife ahej ib |uj}`gfk |g`rj} {guc }hg|je gfgugh`| }jhegfk ‐D[&‑

= 8)=‑ hfe 8 <)5‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>



=;> Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55:=8 u[i uig`ju}w mHk\, 872>| !87;>|

Miuc ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf {guc h tg~ lì|z}j hfe h lh}}wgfk

chfe`j? ifj ahej ib i`grj k}jjf ~`jhucj} ucj iucj} m`hlo

~`jhucj}? miuc lifuhgf h fzamj} ib [hwfj‗| ~j}|ifh` lh}j

guja| |zlc h| liam| j`jlu}gl hfe }jkz`h} }hti}| }hti}

m`hej| `hucj} |chrj l}jha h |chrgfk m}z|c h uiiuc m}z|c

uiiuc~h|uj h |ah`` ag}}i} mhmw ~i{ej} h u}hrj` chg} m}z|c

#~}gfuje if ucj mhlo ‐H ^j}|ifh` Kgbu b}ia Lh}w K}hfu‑ '

chg} uifgl lh``je –Jhz ej Xzgfgfj‗ hfe hbuj}!|chrj ìugif

lh``je –@g`hl Rjkjuh`‗ haifk h bj{ iucj} ahf`w k}iiagfk

hllizu}jajfu|&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:== u[i ~}j\l}g~ugif miuu`j\, 8722, 87;3

Ucj bg}|u bi} jwj e}i~| ̀ hmj` }jhe| gf ~h}u ‐Dicf [hufj _|glQ ) 7!8:!22,‑ bg``je hu ‐Uz}fj} E}zk Li& ) =:5=

[& Lih|u Cgkc{hw ) Fj{~i}u Mjhlc?‑ ucj |jlife bi} ^jfglg``gf uhm`ju| `hmj` }jhe| gf ~h}u ‐ Dicf [hwfj ) 2!8!;3,‑ bg``je hu ‐Mhw|gej ̂ ch}ahlw ) 8>82 Mhw|gej E}& ) Fj{~i}u Mjhlc&‑

Cjgkcu4 <‑ hfe |ah``j}

EG\L@HGAJ]4

Ucj|j miuu`j| h}j |iè h| li``jlugm`j| if`w? ucj lifujfu| i} }jafhfu| ucj}jib h}j FIU bi} czahf i} hfgah`

lif|za~ugif&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:=< H ~Hg} ib jwj k` H\\j\, 87;>|

\g`rj} ajuh` b}haj| {guc h}u |w }jluhfkz`h} lzu!izu| if jgucj} h}a |uha~| if gf|gej h}a| }jhe ‐Ajf}he ) B}haj Kj}ahfw,‑ |`gkcu`w ugfuje mgbilh` `jf|j| ciz|je gf h

m`hlo `jhucj} lh|j? ch}e ui gahkgfj [hwfj {jh}gfk |~jluhl`j| mzu cj ege&

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =;8

55:=5 H 85o kiè

\c}gfj}\ }gfk, 872>|

Bjhuz}gfk h }izfe m}g``ghfu!lzu eghaife

ajh|z}gfk ;&>>!2&7> s 5&83 aa hfe

{jgkcgfk h~~}isgahuj`w 8&=> lh}hu|

jfchflje mw bz`` hfe |gfk`j!lzu

eghaife| |ju gf cjhrg`w ujsuz}je 85O

kiè chrgfk }ciegza bgfg|cje hlljfu|

uiuh` eghaife {jgkcu g| h~~}isgahuj`w

=&>> lh}hu| k}i|| {jgkcu =5&>> k}ha|

{guc gu| i}gkgfh` mis? `goj`w {i}f h| h

~gfogj }gfk ezj ui gu| |gtj&

\gtj4 7

[hwfj {h| h ajamj} ib H` Ah`hgohc

bi} ahfw wjh}| {ci|j cjhexzh}uj}|

{h| ucj H` Ah`hgohc \c}gfj}| Hflgjfu|

H}hmgl I}ej} Fim`j| ib Aw|ugl \c}gfj ―

mjuuj} ofi{f h| Ucj \c}gfj Hzegui}gza

gf @i| Hfkj`j|&

j|h4 %=,>>>!%<,>>>

55:=: uc}jj \c}gfj}\ cHu\, 872>|!87;>|

H`` ah}iif bjù {guc uh||j`| hfe j`hmi}huj hei}fajfu |~j``gfk izu ‐H` Ah`hgohc,‑ ucj fhaj ib ucj \c}gfj}| egrg|gif mh|je gf @i| Hfkj`j| {cj}j [hwfj {h| h ajamj}?

ifj chu bz}ucj} fiuj| ‐Hamh||hei}!hu!@h}kj‑ if ucj b}ifu hfe ‐Dicf [hwfj ) Ejljamj} L`h|| ) 87;>‑ if ucj gf|gej? h`` hllia~hfgje mw ucjg} i}gkgfh` k}hw ~`h|ugl

lh|j|&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:=2 u[i –\c}gfj}\‗ lj}ugbglHuj\, 87;>

Miuc ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? ucj bg}|u b}ia ucj Hfjtjc Uja~`j

ib Ajsgli Lguw hfe Kzhujah`h bi} mjliagfk hf ‐Cifi}h}w @gbj

Ajamj}?‑ ucj |jlife b}ia ucj Ujmh`h Uja~`j ib ]ilobi}e G``gfig|

bi} mjliagfk hf ‐Cifi}h}w Ajamj}?‑ {guc ifj D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 85‑ s 82‑? Lj}ugbglhuj| If`w4 8=‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>



=;= Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55:=; H k}iz~ ib \c}gfj}\ gejfu gbglHugif lH}e\, 87;>|

Bgrj uiuh`? h`` ~}gfuje {guc [hwfj‗| fhaj hfe Fj{~i}u Mjhlc hee}j||

b}ia ucj H` Ah`hgohc Uja~`j ib @i| Hfkj`j| b}ia ucj wjh}| 87;8 87;=

87;< hfe 87;3 #{guc heeje ‐@hew‗| Liz}uj|w Lh}e|‑ bi} uci|j |haj wjh}|

|iaj |ug`` zf!~j}bi}huje'? ~`z| ifj lh}e b}ia ucj I}hfkj Lizfuw lch~uj}

b}ia 87;<& H`|i gfl`zeje g| h ]iwh` H}lc Ah|if ib Lh`gbi}fgh lh}e b}ia

87;= hfe h ]iwh` " \j`jlu Ah|uj}| ib Lh`gbi}fgh lh}e b}ia 87;3? fifj h}j

|gkfje&

= 8)=‑ s < 8)=‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:=3 u[i \c}gfj}\ mHekj\, 872>|!87;>|

Ucj bg}|u h }je hfe m`hlo rj`rju mhekj }jhegfk ‐\ci{ Mz|gfj|| \c}gfj L`zm ) Aic|!H`!

Ah`hgohc Uja~`j ! @i| Hfkj`j|?‑ ucj |jlife m`zj ~`h|ugl fhaj uhk }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj

) Hamh||hei}) H` Ah`hgohc Uja~`j&‑

H`` H~~}isgahuj`w4 = 8)=‑ s <‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:=7 H li``jlug if ib ~j}\ifH`gtje Hfe Hzuik}H~cje biiumH`` \, 872>|!87;>|

Fgfj uiuh`? gfl`zegfk4 8' h [g`|if mh`` |uha~je ‐Dicf [hwfj ) 87;3 ) Ucj Ezoj?‑ =' h [g`|if mh`` ~hgfuje {guc ucj Bgj|uh Mi{` ìki }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐Dicf [hwfj )

87;7 FML Bgj|uh B}i`gl,‑ |gkfje mw h bj{ ~`hwj}|? <' h [g`|if mh`` ~hgfuje {guc ‐Ui Ezoj ) [j heag}j wiz} K} gu ) Ucj @ H ]ha|,‑ |gkfje mw h fzamj} ib ~`hwj}|?

5' h ]h{`gfk| mh`` }jhegfk ‐Ahw 2, 87;7 ) Lh}egfh` ) hfe ) M`zj ) L`h||gl,‑ |gkfje mw h fzamj} ib ~`hwj}|? :' h ]h{`gfk| mh`` |uha~je ‐Fj{ I}`jhf| \hgfu| ) 8727,‑

|gkfje mw h fzamj} ib ~`hwj}|? 2' h [g`|if mh`` ~hgfuje ‐Uchfo wiz bi} \z~j} Fgkcu hu ucj \z~j} Mi{` ) ^gj}}j Li||juuj hfe Ah}uw ^h|ju uh?‑ ;' h [g`|if mh`` |gkfje

‐Mj|u [g|cj| ) ui ) Dicf [hwfj ) b}ia ucj ) 87;3 ZL@H M}zgf|,‑ |gkfje mw h fzamj} ib ~`hwj}| #ai|u |gkfhuz}j| rj}w bheje hfe |ajh}je fi{'? 3' h \~hègfk mh``

|gkfje mw h fzamj} ib ~`hwj}| #`goj`w h Z\L ujha'? hfe 7' h ]h{`gfk| mh`` |gkfje mw h fzamj} ib ~`hwj}| #ujha zfofi{f'? ahfw {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =;<

55:<> H ~j}\ifH`gtje ìzg\rg``j \`zkkj} mH\jmH`` mHu, 87;2

Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf ahej ib {iie |gej |uha~je {guc h Mgljfujffgh`

ìki fjsu ui ujsu }jhegfk ‐Kjfzgfj AL55 ) Dicf –Ezoj‗ [hwfj ) @izg|rg``j

\`zkkj}‑ hfe ‐@izg|rg``j \`zkkj} ) 8=: ) Cg``j}glc " M}he|mw Li ) Ahej gf

Z&\&H& ) @izg|rg``j, O&W&,‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

@jfkuc4 <:‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:<8 H lj}Hagl lcj\\ \ju, 87;7

[guc h m`zj hfe {cguj chfe~hgfuje mih}e }je hfe m`zj ahulcgfk ~gjlj|

miuuia ib mih}e }jhe| ‐Hu`hfugl Aiì ) Ui Ezoj ) @irj Diwlj –;7&‑ #^`jh|j

fiuj uc}jj ~gjlj| chrj mjjf }j~hg}je&'

82‑ s 82‑ s 8 8)=‑

[hwfj {h| hf hrge, `gbjìfk lcj|| ~`hwj} hfe che ahfw |ju| uc}izkcizu

cg| `gbj&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:<= H li``jlu gif ib kHaj\, 872>|!87;>|

Gfl`zegfk h Mhlokhaaif mih}e #~}imhm`w b}ia ucj 87:>|' h Dh~hfj|j

lcj|| mih}e h –Lia~zuj} Biiumh``‗ j`jlu}ifgl khaj h L}gmmhkj mih}e h

~ioj} lcg~ lh}iz|j` h mhk hfe h mis ib ~ioj} lcg~| bgrj ejlo| ib lh}e|

u{i ~gfk ~ifk ~hee`j| uc}jj miio| _–Ci{ ui [gf hu M}gekj‗ Ci{ ui [gf hu

Mhlokhaaif‗ hfe –Ah|uj} ^`hw‗Q hfe u{i M}gekj |li}j miio| miuc {guc

ucj b}ifu lirj}| }jhegfk ‐Ahoj Lcjlo ) ̂ hwhm`j ui ) Dicf [hwfj?‑ |iaj {guc

D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

=>‑ s =2‑ s <‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:<< H li``jlu gif ib }jli}e H`mza\ Hfe 5:|, 87:>|!87;>|

Irj} bgbuw ~gjlj| ib rgfw` ai|u`w ib ~i~z`h} az|gl b}ia ucj j}h `goj Ei}g|

Ehw \haaw Ehrg| D}& Ejhf Ah}ugf ^jkkw @jj hfe Liffgj B}hflg| haifk

ahfw iucj}|? h`|i gfl`zeje h}j }jli}e| }j`huje ui jsj}lg|j ucj ci`gehw|

~i`gugl| hfe iucj} |zmdjlu| h| {j`` h| h bj{ uchu h~~jh} ui mj [hwfj‗| oge|‗

h`mza| `goj Ucj Eii}| G}if Mzuuj}b`w \uj~~jf{i`b hfe Uc}jj Eik Fgkcu? h

fzamj} ib li~gj| ib [hwfj‗| i{f }jli}eje h`mza _‐Dicf [hwfj4 Haj}glh

[cw G @irj Cj}‑Q h}j h`|i ~h}u ib ucg| k}iz~gfk& @goj ai|u }hfeia bhag`w

}jli}e li``jlugif| ~`jh|j fiuj ucj}j h}j ahfw }jli}e| {gucizu dhloju| hfe

ahfw dhloju| {gucizu }jli}e|? h`|i ucj lifegugif ib jhlc }jli}e rh}gj|&

8=‑ s 8=‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:<5 H }jli}e ~`Hwj} Hfe }jli}e lH\j, 87:>|H ~i}uhm`j 5: }~a }jli}e ~`hwj} mzgù gfui gu| i{f eh}o m}i{f ~`h|ugl lh|j

ahej mw ]LH!Rglui})Rglu}i`h Aiej` Fzamj} 5:!JW!< \j}gh` Fzamj} O

<=2<;3 {i}ogfk lifegugif fiu ofi{f? uikjucj} {guc h lh}emih}e lh}}wgfk

lh|j bi} 5: eg|l| lh``je hf –Habg`j ^`huuj}!~ho‗ {guc fzamj}je egrgej}|

gf|gej ui ojj~ ucj }jli}e| i}khfgtje& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj lh|j g| |iaj{chu

|uhgfje hfe ehahkje ezj ui hkj hfe z|j&'

^`hwj}4 ;‑ s 88‑ s 88‑? Lh|j4 3‑ s 3‑ s 3‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>



=;5 Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55:<: H k}iz~ ib H[H}e\ bi} ‐m`Hlogj ,‑ Dicf [Hwfj‗\ eHlc\czfe, 87:3

Gfl`zegfk4 bgrj lj}ugbglhuj| h`` ~}j|jfuje ui ‐M`hlogj‑ b}ia Ucj Haj}glhf Czahfj H||ilghugif Ucj Haj}glhf \ilgjuw bi} u cj ̂ }jrjfugif

ib L}zjùw ui Hfgah`| Ucj Xzhoj} Ihu| Lia~hfw #ucjg} Ojf!@!]hugif H{h}e' Ucj ]glcaife Eik Bhflgj}| L`zm hfe [\M ]hegi ib Hu`hfuh Kji}kgh& H`|i gfl`zeje h}j u{i ajeh`|? ifj b}ia ucj H\^LH hfe ifj b}ia Ojf!@!]hugif #miuc jfk}hrje ‐M`hlogj‑ '? h k}iz~ ib

li}}j|~ifejflj }j`huje ui ‐M`hlogj‗|‑ h{h}e|? hfe biz} m`hlo hfe {cguj ~ciuik}h~c| ej~glugfk ^g`h} [hwfj hfe ‐M`hlogj‑ }jljgrgfk ucj

lj}ugbglhuj b}ia Ucj Haj}glhf Czahfj H||ilghugif&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

‐M`hlogj‑ {h| cifi}je {guc h`` ucj|j h{h}e| bi} cg| hlu ib cj}ig|a {cjf, gf Dhfzh}w 87:3 hu <4>> HA, cj |uh}uje mh}ogfk

zflifu}i``hm`w, h`j}ugfk ^g`h} [hwfj uchu ucj Jflgfi ciz|j {h| if bg}j& Uchfobz``w, ^g`h}, mhmw Hg||h, hfe ‐M`hlogj‑ {j}j hm`j ui j|lh~j

gf {chu {h| |z}j`w h u}hzahugl js~j}gjflj, j|~jlgh``w mjlhz|j Dicf [hwfj {h| uciz|hfe| ib ag`j| h{hw if ìlhugif gf Dh~hf&

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:<2 H k}iz~ ib eik Hllizu}jajfu \, 872>|!87;>|

Gfl`zegfk4 uc}jj `jhucj} `jh|cj|? h ugfw `jhucj} li``h} {guc h m`zj ajuh` uhk }jhegfk ‐Fj{~i}u

) Mjhlc ) Eik Uhk ) ;=>3 ) Js~& 8=!<8!;2?‑ u{i ajuh` biie mi{`| {guc ucjg} i{f |uhfe?

hfe h lhuhìkzj ~hkj |ci{gfk ucj mi{`| {guc [hwfj‗| m`hlo gfo lg}l`j ah}o h}izfe gu? h``

~z}lch|je bi} ucj [hwfj bhag`w eik|4 u{i Agfghuz}j ^gf|lcj}| lh``je ‐Ujami‑ hfe ‐\gamh‑

{ci {j}j fhaje hbuj} ucj j`j~chfu| gf ‐Chuh}g(‑? gfl`zeje h}j u{i }j~}gfuje gahkj| |ci{gfk

ucj ~z~| chfkgfk izu gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

Mi{` \uhfe4 88‑ s <‑ s 2‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =;:

55:<; H lcgè‗\ [j\uj }f \Hee`j, 872>|

\uhfeh}e gf ej|gkf ahej ib uhf `jhucj} {guc

ejli}hugrj j`jajfu| ̀ goj |gej mhk| ̀ jhucj} uh||j`|

hfe h liì}bz` Fhugrj Haj}glhf mjù hbbgsje ui b}ifu?

mizkcu mw [hwfj bi} cg| wizfkj|u |if Juchf? {guc

jrgejfu cjhrw {jh}&

H~~}isgahuj`w4 ==‑ s =8‑ s 3‑

^@JH\J FIUJ4 Ucg| |hee`j eij| FIU liaj {guc ucj

{}izkcu g}if |uhfe |ci{f gf iz} ~}gfuje hfe if`gfj

lhuhìkzj|&

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55:<3 H ci}\j m}ge`j, 872 >|

[guc ejli}hugrj |uj}`gfk |g`rj} hfe ajuh` gf`hw| if jgucj} |gej gf|gej

u{glj!|uha~je ‐JK?‑ m`hlo `jhucj} }jgf|&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55:<7 u[i liì} ~ciuik}H~c\ ib ucj –[gè kii\j,‗ 87;>|

Miuc ej~glugfk [hwfj‗| mjìrje whlcu hu |jh? ifj {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 85‑ s 8;‑? ̂ ciuik}h~c| If`w4 ;‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =;;

55:5> H li``jlu gif ib \cg~ ~`HXzj\ b}ia ucj – [gè kii\j,‗ 872>|!87;>|

J`jrjf uiuh`? h`` eg|~`hwje hmih}e [hwfj‗| whlcu? gfl`zegfk4 8' Z&\&\& \hazj` M& ]imj}u| EE!3=<? =' <}e Ah}gfj Egrg|gif ib Ehfhfk Rgjufha? <' Z\\ Lch|& \& \~j}}w

EE!27;? 5' Ucj Ejhf| Hrghugif Lia~hfw #ahfw hei}fajfu| ag||gfk b}ia ~`hxzj'? :' Ah}gfj Hg}l}hbu K}iz~ 88? 2' Z\\ \hgfu ^hz` {guc heeje ~`hlh}e }jhegfk gf~h}u ‐Dicf [hwfj&&&Hzk 8725?‑ ;' Z\\ ]img|if EEL!8=? 3' Z&\&\& Chflilo? 7' Z&\&\& @ilo{iie BB!8>25 {guc heeje ~`hlh}e }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐^}j|jfuje ui Dicf

[hwfj?‑ 8>' Z\\ Lhfif ^K!7> hfe 88' hf –Cifi}h}w \jhmjj‗ ~`hxzj }jhegfk ‐Dicf [hwfj ) Gf h~~}jlghugif ) Lcgjb ^juuw Ibbglj} ‗| L`zm ) \jhmjj| =:uc Hffgrj}|h}w

) 5 Ah}lc 872;?‑ gfl`zeje g| ucj \zaaj} 87;3 g||zj ib –Gfuj}fhugifh` Whlcu|ahf‗ ahkhtgfj |ci{gfk h fzamj} ib ucj|j ~`hxzj| h| [hwfj che ucja eg|~`hwje

hmih}e ucj –[gè Kii|j&‗ #\jj i~~i|guj ~hkj&'

85‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55:58 u[i b}Haje ugaj aHkHtgfj lirj}\, 87:>|!872>|

Miuc ej~glugfk [hwfj? ucj bg}|u ucj Ah}lc < 87:= g||zj? ucj |jlife

ucj Hzkz|u 3 8727 g||zj? miuc {guc e}g``je ci`j| gf ucj b}haj| bi}

eg|~`hw hmih}e ucj –[gè Kii|j&‗

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 83‑ s 8:‑4 Ahkhtgfj Lirj}| If`w4 88‑ s 3‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55:5= uc}jj b`Hk\ b}ia ucj –[g` e kii\j,‗ 872>|!87;>|

Ucj bg}|u m`hlo fwìf {guc h kiè `haç kii|j _ucj whlcu‗| ìkiQ uhk if mhlo

}jhe| ‐Fgoog‗| B`hk \ci~ ) Lz|uia Ahej B`hk| ) Fj{~i}u Mjhlc, Lh`gb&?‑ ucj

|jlife m`zj hfe wj`ì{ fwìf {guc hf –F‗ ìki _bi} ucj Fj{~i}u Ch}mi} Whlcu

L`zmQ ucj ucg}e h fwìf Haj}glhf b`hk& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj `h|u u{i b`hk| h}j

uhuuj}je hfe ui}f h| ucjw {j}j bì{f if mih}e ucj –[gè Kii|j&‗'

5:‑ s ;=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:5< H oj`rgf [cguj lif\uj``Hugif lia~H\\, 87:>|

Ahej ib g}if {guc h k`h|| eiaj |jjagfk ui mj ucj 3!gflc |gtj h~~jh}gfk ui

|ug`` mj gf {i}ogfk i}ej}? {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

H~~}isgahuj`w4 3‑ s 8;‑ s 88‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:55 H k}jjfj} `gkcu aiej` cH}~iif kzf, 872> |

[guc h`` gu| ~h}u| |ug`` ciz|je gf gu| i}gkgfh` k}jjf {iiejf mis {guc

gf|u}zlugif ~ha~c`ju|? oj~u if mih}e ucj –[gè Kii|j‗ ucizkc fjrj} z|je&

Mis \gtj4 8:‑ s ==‑ s :‑

Gfuj}j|ugfk`w, ucg| g| ucj |haj uw~j ib ch}~iif kzf uchu ]imj}u \ch{ _h|

‐\ha Xzgfu‑Q z|je ui |ciiu ucj |ch}o gf u cj 87;: Zfgrj}|h` bgà, ‐Dh{|&‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55:5: H z &\& fHrw egrgfk cjàju, 8758

Ahej ib li~~j} ~`hlh}e if miuuia b}ifu }jhe| gf ~h}u ‐Ah}o R ) Ai}|j

Egrgfk Jxzg~ajfu Li&, Gfl& ) Mi|uif, Ah||& ) Ehuj4 3!=7!58,‑ {guc hf D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

H~~}isgahuj`w‑ 83‑ s 85‑ s 82‑

j|h4 %:>>!%::>



\j||if Ifj Hzluif ,;>5: p Ucz}|hw Iluimj} 2 =>88 p 884>>HA Û =;7

55:52 fgfj libbjj azk\ b}ia ucj –[gè kii\j,‗ 872>|

Ahej ib lj}hagl b}ifu ch| gahkj ib h kii|j {guc ujsu }jhegfk ‐A&R& ) [gè

Kii|j,‑ mhlo ch| egbbj}jfu gahkj ib ucj whlcu {guc ujsu mjì{ }jhegfk ‐Ucj

–[gè Kii|j‗ ) gf H`h|ohf [huj}|,‑ miuuia g| |uha~je ‐Ucg| azk {h| |ui`jf

b}ia ) Ucj [gè Kii|j ) Dicf [hwfj ) Azk| mw ) Ojulcza I}gkgfh`| ) 88>:

@ifk Mjhlc M`re& ) @ifk Mjhlc, Lh`gb& ) 7>38<&‑

Cjgkcu4< 8)=‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:5; H k}iz~ ib ~`H\ugl lz~\ b}ia ucj –[gè kii\j,‗ 872>|

H~~}isgahuj`w 7>? ~}gfuje {guc hf gahkj ib h b`wgfk wj`ì{ kii|j hmirj ujsu

}jhegfk ‐[gè Kii|j,‑ gf {huj} hfe lilouhg` k`h|| |gtj|&

Cjgkcu4 5 8)=‑ hfe <‑

j|h4 %=:!%:>

55:53 H li``jlugif ib [gfj b}ia ucj –[gè kii\j,‗ 87;>|

Jgkcujjf miuu`j| b}ia ucj [gfe|i} Rgfjwh}e| gf Cjhè|mz}k Lh`gbi}fgh

rh}giz| uw~j| gfl`zegfk Lhmj}fju \hzrgkfif ^gfiu Fig} ^juguj \w}hc hfe

Tgfbhfej` haifk iucj}| h`` {guc lz|uiagtje `hmj`| fiugfk ucj {gfj {h|

‐\j`jluje mw Dicf [hwfj ) bi} Ci|~guh`guw Hmih}e ) Ucj [gè Kii|j‑ hfe

iucj} |gag`h} uw~j `hmj`| #ucizkc h`` {guc |`gkcu`w egbbj}jfu rj}mghkj'&

Jhlc Miuu`j Cjgkcu4 8=‑ i} |ci}uj}

EG\L@HGAJ]4

Ucg| {gfj g| mjgfk |iè h| h li``jlugm`j if`w hfe gu |cizè FIU mj lif|zaje mw czahf| i} hfgah`|&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:57 H li``jlugif ib [gfj b}ia ucj –[gè kii\j,‗ 87;>|

Jgkcujjf miuu`j| b}ia ucj [gfe|i} Rgfjwh}e| gf Cjhè|mz}k Lh`gbi}fgh

rh}giz| uw~j| gfl`zegfk Lhmj}fju \hzrgkfif ^gfiu Fig} ^juguj \w}hc hfe

Tgfbhfej` haifk iucj}| h`` {guc lz|uiagtje `hmj`| fiugfk ucj {gfj {h|

‐\j`jluje mw Dicf [hwfj ) bi} Ci|~guh`guw Hmih}e ) Ucj [gè Kii|j‑ hfe

iucj} |gag`h} uw~j `hmj`| #ucizkc h`` {guc |`gkcu`w egbbj}jfu rj}mghkj'&

Jhlc Miuu`j Cjgkcu4 8=‑ i} |ci}uj}

EG\L@HGAJ]4

Ucg| {gfj g| mjgfk |iè h| h li``jlugm`j if`w hfe gu |cizè FIU mj lif|zaje

mw czahf| i} hfgah`|&

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




55::> H li``jlu gif ib [gfj b}ia ucj –[gè kii\j ,‗ 87;>|

U{j`rj miuu`j| ib Lhmj}fju \hzrgkfif b}ia ucj [gfe|i} Rgfjwh}e| gf Cjhè|mz}k

Lh`gbi}fgh h`` {guc lz|uiagtje `hmj`| fiugfk ucj {gfj {h| ‐\j`jluje mw Dicf

[hwfj ) bi} Ci|~guh`guw Hmih}e ) Ucj [gè Kii|j‑ hfe iucj} |gag`h} uw~j `hmj`|

#ucizkc h`` {guc |`gkcu`w egbbj}jfu rj}mghkj'? gfl`zeje {guc ucj i}gkgfh` |cg~~gfk mis

hee}j||je ui [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

Jhlc Miuu`j Cjgkcu4 8=‑

EG\L@HGAJ]4

Ucg| {gfj g| mjgfk |iè h| h li``jlugm`j if`w hfe gu |cizè FIU mj lif|zaje mw

czahf| i} hfgah`|&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55::8 u[i –[gè kii\j‗ [gfem}jHoj}\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u ahej ib fhrw m`zj fwìf ‐Ezoj‑ hfe ucj –[gè Kii|j‗ ìki ~}gfuje gf wj`ì{ if jgucj}

m}jh|u h egbbj}jfu |uw`j –[gè Kii|j‗ ìki h`|i ~}gfuje if mhlo gf |haj wj`ì{ mw [j|u [gfe

|gtj S@? ucj |jlife ahej ib uhf liuuif {guc ucj –[gè Kii|j‗ ̀ iki |ugulcje if ucj b}ifu ̀ jb u

m}jh|u? ~iloju| ib miuc dhloju| lifuhgf h fzamj} ib [hwfj‗| hzuik}h~c lh}e|? gfl`zeje g| ucj

\zaaj} 87;3 g||zj ib –Gfuj}fhugifh` Whlcu|ahf‗ ahkhtgfj bjhuz}gfk [hwfj if ucj lirj} #h|

{j`` h| if gf|gej ~hkj|' {jh}gfk ucj uhf {gfem}jhoj}&

j|h4 %;>>!%7>>




55::= H \Hgì} lH~, 87:>|

Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf ahej ib fhrw m`zj {ii` mw Ahuu|if‗|

ib Ci``w{iie hflci} gf|gkfgh |ugulcje ui b}ifu kiè }gmmif

mhfe hbbgsje hmirj h |ah`` m}ga kiè!~hgfuje fiuhugif

if b}ifu }jhe| ‐Lh~u& Ah}gif‑ _[hwfj‗| kgrjf bg}|u fhajQ

gf|gej |uha~je ‐Ahuu|if‗| ) \~i}u [jh} Ci``w{iie ) 22=2

Ci``w{iie M`re?‑ `goj`w h kgbu ui [hwfj& #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| chu

ch| h bj{ aiuc ci`j|&'

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55::< H \Hgì} lH~, 872>|

Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf ahej ib fhrw m`zj {ii` kiè!

liì}je hflci} gf|gkfgh hbbgsje ui b}ifu? `goj`w {i}f mw

[hwfj if cg| whlcu ucj –[gè Kii|j&‗

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55::5 H fHrw lH~, 875>|

Ib |uhfeh}e ej|gkf ahej ib fhrw m`zj {ii` m`hlo |hugf

mhfe |uha~je gf b}ifu ‐Z&\& Fhrw,‑ gf|gej m`zj hfe {cguj

kgfkcha `gfgfk&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55::: \gs ~Hg}\ ib miHu \cij\, 872> |!87;>|

Gfl`zegfk u{i ~hg}| ib gejfuglh` fhrw m`zj lhfrh| |`g~!if| gf|gej |uha~

hfe mhlo cjj` |uha~ }jhe| ‐\~j}}w ) Ui~ \gej},‑ |gtj 88[? h ~hg} ib m}i{f

|zjej [h``hmjj!|uw`j |cij| {cglc [hwfj heeje h }zmmj} |i`j ui |i cj

lizè {jh} ucja if mih}e ucj –[gè Kii|j‗ |gtj 8> 8)=? h ~hg} ib uhf`jhucj} |hfeh`| gf|gej |uha~| }jhe| ‐Fjgahf!Ah}lz| ) Ahej gf Guh`w,‑

|gtj 88)8=@? h ~hg} mjgkj `jhucj} ejlo |cij| gf|gej |uha~ }jhe| ‐\~j}}w

Ui~ \gej},‑ |gtj 88? hfe h ~hg} ib 87;>|!j}h }zmmj} b`g~ bì~| gf|gej |uha~

}jhe| ‐[h}}hfu| ) Ahej gf Bi}ai|h,‑ |gtj @? ai|u {guc jrgejfu {jh}&

j|h4 %5>>!%2>>

55::2 u[i –fj[~i}u mjHlc‗

ajamj}\cg~ lH}e\, 872>|

Miuc {guc [hwfj‗| uw~je fhaj? ucj bg}|u bi} ucj Fj{~i}u

Ch}mi} Whlcu L`zm gf 8725? ucj |jlife bi} ucj Mh`mih Mhw

L`zm gf 8722!872;? h`|i gfl`zeje g| h bhflw –Kirj}fi}‗

`h~j` mhekj b}ia ucj MML {cj}j [hwfj |j}rje gf uchu

lh~hlguw&

=‑ s < 8)=‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55::; u[i wHlcugfk }jkg\uj}\

Gfl`zegfk4 8' ‐Haj}glhf Whlcu ]jkg|uj}‑ ch}elirj} fi ez|u dhloju mw ucj Whlcugfk L`zm ib Haj}glh ~}gfuje gf 872:? hfe =' ‐[ci‗| [ci gf Whlcugfk "

Whlcu ]jkg|uj}4 Ucj M`zjmiio ib Whlcu|ajf‑ ch}elirj} fi ez|u dhloju mw

ucj Whlcugfk L`zm ib Haj}glh ~}gfuje gf 8723 [hwfj‗| –[gè Kii|j‗ jfu}w

h~~jh}| if ~hkj =3:? miuc {guc D[ m`gfe |uha~|&

8>‑ s 3 8)=‑ s 8‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55::3 H uzsjei, 87:>|

H u}hegugifh``w!lzu uhg`lihu ahej ib m`hlo {ii` \lcageu " Kh`z~~i Gfl&

ib Mjrj}`w CG``| `hmj` }jhe| ‐A}& Dicf [hwfj ) Ehuj 7)85):: ) Fi& =<2?‑

uikjucj} {guc h ~hg} ib bi}ah` m`hlo {ii` ~hfu| M}gifg ]iah `hmj` }jhe|

‐\gk& D& [hwfj ) K Ki|ui ) 87:5?‑ ~i||gm`w ifj i} ucj iucj} #i} miuc

uikjucj}' {i}f mw [hwfj hu h 87:>| Hlhejaw H{h}e lj}jaifw&

j|h4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>

55::7 Hf irj}liHu, 87:8

Ahej ib fhrw m`zj {ii` eizm`j m}jh|uje ~jhoje `h~j`| uc}jj b}ifu

~iloju| Jeegj \lcageu Gfl& `hmj` if gf|gej ~iloju }jhe| ‐A}& Dicf [hwfj )

7!=;!:8 ) Fi& 8282>?‑ ~i||gm`w {i}f gf h bgà mzu ai}j `goj`w b}ia [hwfj‗|

~j}|ifh` {h}e}imj&

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




55:2> uc}jj \zgu\, 87;8

H`` lz|uia ahej mw \w Ejri}j ib Ci``w{iie @h| Rjkh| " ^hà \~}gfk|? ucj bg}|u h fhrw m`zj ~i`wj|uj} m`htj} |gfk`j m}jh|uje uc}jj b}ifu ~iloju| uc}jj mzuuif b}ifu

lì|z}j uhk if gf|gej ~iloju }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj ) ;)8=);8 ) Fi& 85><2,‑ {guc ahulcgfk |`hlo|? ucj |jlife h eh}o k}hw ~i`wj|uj} m`htj} ib |haj ej|gkf {guc |haj

uhk mzu ‐Fi& 85><:,‑ h`|i {guc ahulcgfk |`hlo|? ucj ucg}e h k}hw {cguj hfe m}i{f ~`hge ~i`wj|uj} m`htj} ib |haj ej|gkf uhk if gf|gej ~iloju }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj )

8>)=;);8 ) Fi& 82==,‑ {guc |i`ge k}hw |`hlo|&

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,=>>

55:28 H –mH`miH mHw l`zm‗ \~i}u liHu, 87;>|

Ahej ib ujh` m`zj ~i`wj|uj} mw L}i|uif ib Mi|uif uc}jj b}ifu ~iloju| uc}jj

mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j #ucj kiè!liì}je ajuh` mzuuif| eg|~`hw ucj Mh`mih

Mhw L`zm ìki' ejli}hugrj ~hulc hbbgsje ui m}jh|u ~iloju }jhegfk ‐MML

Kirj}fi},‑ {i}f mw [hwfj {cjf cj {h| h ajamj} ib ucg| ~}j|ugkgiz| l`zm

ìlhuje if ^hlgbgl Lih|u Cgkc{hw gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:2= H lH\zH` irj}liHu, 87;>|

Ahej ib uhf!liì}je li}ez}iw mw Kzllg ib ]iah {guc uc}jj b}ifu ~iloju| h

bgrj mzuuif b}ifu lì|z}j hfe mzuuif!lzbb |`jjrj| gf|gej `gfgfk }je hfe m`hlo

~`hge {ii` |gtj :5? h Ci`gehw Gff ojw b}ia Lh|~j} [wiagfk |ug`` gf h ~iloju&

#^`jh|j fiuj ucg| dhloju |ci{| }j~hg} {i}o hfe |gkf| ib cjhrw {jh}&'

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




55:2< H \gkaH lcg `ju uj}aHf DHloju, 87;>|

Ib l`h||gl ej|gkf {guc h fhrw m`zj {ii` miew hfe wj`ì{ `jhucj} |`jjrj|

{guc ∘ S ~hulc if `jbu m}jh|u ahej mw Mzu{gf |gtj :>&

[hwfj {h| h ajamj} ib ucg| b}huj}fguw {cjf cj {h| hf zfej}k}hezhuj hu ucj

Zfgrj}|guw ib \izucj}f Lh`gbi}fgh hfe cj ahgfuhgfje h }j`hugif|cg~ {guc ucj

i}khfgthugif bi} ucj }jahgfej} ib cg| `gbj&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:25 u[i li``jkj [gfem}jHoj}\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u ahej ib }je fwìf ~}gfuje gf {cguj if ucj mhlo ‐Lih|u L}j{‑

_I}hfkj Lih|u Li``jkj gf Li|uh Aj|h LHQ mw Ah~`j Huc`jugl \~i}u|{jh}

|gtj S@? |gflj ucj 87:>| –ILL‗ ch| mjjf }jfi{fje bi} ucjg} }i{gfk ujha

{cglc [hwfj cj`~je ui |~if|i} irj} ucj wjh}|? ucj |jlife ahej ib |ow m`zj

fwìf ~}gfuje gf }je hfe {cguj if ucj `jbu m}jh|u ‐@izg|ghfh Ujlc ) Ezoj,‑ mw

[j|u [gfe |gtj S@&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:2: biz} e}j\\ \cg}u\, 87;>|

H`` ahej ib Isbi}e lìuc gf |haj ej|gkf {guc ifj `jbu m}jh|u ~iloju hfeh mzuuif!ei{f li``h}? ucj bg}|u `gkcu m`zj mw \w Ejri}j ib Ci``w{iie @h|

Rjkh| " ^hà \~}gfk| {guc |ah`` ‐D[‑ gfgugh`| |j{f gf li``h}? ucj |jlife

h eh}oj} m`zj mw Ahlcgf \cg}uahoj} ib @i| Hfkj`j| uw~je fiuhugif if uhk

}jhe| ‐Uhgì}je J|~jlgh``w Bi} ) Dicf [hwfj ) Ahw 87;5?‑ ucj ucg}e mjgkj

{guc jshlu |haj `hmj` h| ~}jrgiz| ifj? ucj biz}uc h `gkcu m}i{f {guc if`w h

|ah`` ‐D[‑ gfgugh` |j{f gf li``h}&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:22 uc}jj aifik}Haaje \cg}u\, 872>|

H`` ib ucj |haj ej|gkf {guc |ci}u |`jjrj| hfe u{i mzuuif!ei{f m}jh|u

~iloju| {guc ucj `jbu ifj |ugulcje ‐D[?‑ lz|uia ahej mw O& Uhfg ib Uiowi

Dh~hf? ucj bg}|u `gkcu m`zj hfe {cguj |u}g~je liuuif? ucj |jlife mjgkj |gò? ucj

ucg}e }je hfe {cguj |u}g~je liuuif&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55:2; uc}jj \[jHuj}\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u fhrw m`zj lh|caj}j {guc mjgkj hfe m}i{f |u}g~je ejuhg`| mw Dhlo

Uhwì} ib Mjrj}`w Cg``| " @h Li|uh Guh`w {guc ìfk |`jjrj| hfe h r!fjlo

gf|gej uhk }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj?‑ ucj |jlife chfe {irjf mjgkj m}i{f hfe

{cguj cjhrw {ii` gf h u}hegugifh` Ajsglhf)\izuc Haj}glhf ~huuj}f {guc h

tg~!z~ b}ifu? ucj ucg}e fhrw m`zj {ii` gf h lh}egkhf |uw`j {guc h li``h} gf|gej

`hmj` }jhe| ‐Chfe Ahej ) Mw ) L`hg}j M}jf‑ _hlu}j|| L`hg}j U}jri}‗| ah}}gje

fhaj [hwfj‗| li!|uh} gf ‐\uhkjlihlc‑ hfe cg| kiie b}gjfe&Q

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:23 uc}jj Dicf [Hwfj ujffg \ l`zm ui~\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u h {cguj rjìz} |{jhuj} {guc fhrw m`zj hlljfu| {guc ìfk |`jjrj|

hfe h r!fjlo mw Zù}h|~i}u @ue&)]zuc M}hca| {guc h –Dicf [hwfj Ujffg|

L`zm‗ ìki if ucj z~~j} `jbu m}jh|u? ucj |jlife h ~iì |cg}u ahej ib {cguj

liuuif mw ̂ gloj}gfk Hlugrj \~i}u|{jh})Ucj Ogamj}uif Li& |gtj @ |ugulcje

{guc h |gag`h} –D[UL‗ ìki? ucj ucg}e h fhrw m`zj {ii` |{jhuj} {guc ìfk

|`jjrj| hfe h r!fjlo h`|i mw ^gloj}gfk Hlugrj \~i}u|{jh})Ucj Ogamj}uif

Li& |gtj S@ h`|i {guc |gag`h} –D[UL‗ ìki& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj rjìz} |{jhuj} g|

cjhrg`w |uhgfje hfe ucj iucj} ~gjlj| |ci{ |gkf| ib {jh} hfe hkj&'

[hwfj, hìfk {guc ~h}ufj}|, i~jfje ucg| z~|lh`j ujffg| l`zm if Dhami}jj

]ihe gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc gf 87;5 {cj}j gu ahgfuhgfje cg| fhaj zfug` h|

}jljfu`w h| 877:&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:27 bgrj kzHwHmj}H \cg}u\, 872>|!87;>|

H`` ib ucj l`h||gl ej|gkf ahej ib liuuif i} h liuuif m`jfe? gfl`zegfk4

8' h uhf ifj {guc h e}wl`jhfgfk |uha~ if gf|gej li``h} }jhegfk ‐=>[hwf?‑

=' h mjgkj ifj {guc ajuh` ~jhlj |gkf mzuuif|? <' hf ibb!{cguj ifj {guc h

e}wl`jhfgfk |uha~ gf ucj gf|gej li``h} }jhegfk ‐[hwfj?‑ 5' h {cguj ifj {guc

h e}wl`jhfgfk |uha~ gf |haj ~`hlj }jhegfk ‐D![hw?‑ hfe :' h az|uh}e wj`ì{

ifj mw L}jhlgifj| ^j}jt ib Hlh~z`li&

[hwfj |~jfu azlc ugaj |izuc ib ucj mi}ej} hfe jfdiwje {jh}gfk ucg| |uw`j

ib |cg}u&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:;> biz} }j\i}u \cg}u\, 872>|!87;>|

H`` ahej gf Ajsgli? ucj bg}|u ahej ib ibb!{cguj liuuif li``h}`j|| {guc ̀ ifk

|`jjrj| mw ]guh Ug``juu ib Wj`h~h Dh`g|li? ucj |jlife h kzhwhmj}h ahej ib h

{cguj Ehl}if m`jfe {guc ìfk |`jjrj| mw Lcglcjf!Guth ib Aj}geh Wzlhuhf?

ucj ucg}e ahej ib mjgkj fzmmw liuuif {guc h li``h} hfe |ci}u |`jjrj| mw @goj

h Mhuc I}gkgfh`| ib Hlh~z`li |gtj @? hfe ucj biz}uc ahej ib k}hwg|c!m`hlo

liuuif {guc h li``h} hfe |ci}u |`jjrj| |ugulcje {guc m`hlo }je hfe {cguj

bg|c if ucj b}ifu mw Li}h` ib Hlh~z`li? h`` ~z}lch|je hfe {i}f mw [hwfj

ez}gfk cg| ahfw rg|gu| ui Ajsgli if ucj –[gè Kii|j?‗ gfl`zeje g| h li~w

ib ucj I}hfkj Lizfuw Lc}ifgl`j #Fj{~i}u Mjhlc Jegugif' fj{|~h~j} b}ia

\j~ujamj} =7 87;2 |ci{gfk [hwfj {jh}gfk ucj biz}uc –bg|c‗ |cg}u&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55:;8 uc}jj lH\zH` \cg}u\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u ahej ib h liuuif)~i`wj|uj} m`jfe {guc h m}i{f ~}gfu ej~glugfk

|ljfj| ib Fj{~i}u Mjhlc {guc |ci}u |`jjrj| hfe h mzuuif b}ifu mw Fi} uc\ci}j |gtj S@ hllia~hfgje mw h chfe{}guujf `juuj} ui [hwfj b}ia ucj

|cg}uahoj}? ucj |jlife h {cguj liuuif ~iì |cg}u |u gulcje ‐Whlcugfk‑ if ucj

`jbu m}jh|u mw Ch``gehw‗| ib Fj{~i}u Mjhlc Lh`gb& |gtj S@? ucj ucg}e ahej ib

fhrw m`zj liuuif {guc |ci}u |`jjrj| h mzuuif b} ifu hfe u{i m}jh|u ~iloju|

{guc ucj `jbu ifj |ugulcje ‐D[,‑ mw Tjfguc Lz|uia \cg}u| ib @i| Hfkj`j| Lh`gb&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:;= jgkcu ~iì!\uw`j \cg}u\, 872>|!87;>|

H`` ib ucj |haj ej|gkf ahej ib liuuif {guc h |gfk`j `jbu m}jh|u ~iloju mw

Chfk Ujf gf rh}giz| czj| gfl`zegfk m`zj #biz} egbbj}jfu |chej|' m}i{f

{cguj agfu k}jjf hfe }je hfe {cguj |u}g~je? ifj ib [hwfj‗| ~}jbj}}je

m}hfe| Chfk Ujf {h| ucj lif|zaahuj 872>| \izucj}f Lh`gbi}fgh |z}bj}

|cg}u |i gu ahoj| |jf|j uchu cj {izè chrj {i}f ucj|j gf hfe h}izfe

Fj{~i}u Mjhlc&

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:;< u[i aifik}Haaje }imj\, 872>|

Ucj bg}|u ahej ib fhrw m`zj liuuif mw Lch}rju " Bg`| Gfl& ib ^h}g| hfe Fj{

Wi}o {guc u{i |gej ~iloju| hfe ifj m}jh|u ~iloju |ugulcje gf }je ‐D[,‑ {guc

ahulcgfk |j`b mjù? ucj |jlife gejfuglh` gf ej|gkf mzu gf bi}j|u k}jjf hfe ucj

aifik}ha |ugulcje gf `gaj k}jjf& #^`jh|j fiuj miuc }imj| chrj ci`j| hfe

|uhgf| hfe |ci{ |gkf| ib {jh}&'

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:;5 u[i DH~Hfj\j }imj\, 87:>|Miuc ahej ib liuuif hfe |gò gf h ogaifi |uw`j {guc ̀ h}kj mzuuj} b`w |`jjrj|

hfe |j`b!mjù|? ucj bg}|u {guc h m`zg|c!k}hw ~}gfu ej~glugfk ~ji~`j hfe

aizfuhgf|? ucj |jlife {guc h m}i{fg|c!k}jjf ~}gfu ej~glugfk ~ji~`j hfe

li{!e}grjf lh}}ghkj|? `goj`w ~z}lch|je mw [hwfj {cjf cj {h| if ìlhugif

gf Dh~hf ahogfk ucj 87:3 =>uc Ljfuz}w Bis bgà ‐Ucj Mh}mh}ghf hfe ucj

Kjg|ch&‑ #^`jh|j fiuj miuc kh}ajfu| h}j ui}f hfe |uhgfje ezj ui hkj&'

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:;: \jrj f ~Hg}\ ib lH\zH` ~Hfu\, 872>|!87;>|

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~hg} ahej ib m`zj }je wj`ì{ hfe {cguj |u}g~je liuuif?

=' h ~hg} ahej ib m}i{f hfe {cguj |u}g~je ~i`wj|uj} mw L}jhlgifj| ^j}jt

ib Hlh~z`li4 <' h ~hg} ahej ib k}hw hfe {cguj |u}g~je ~i`wj|uj} mw |haj

ej|gkfj}? 5' h ~hg} ahej ib m`zj hfe {cguj |u}g~je ~i`wj|uj} mw J}jfeg}h

ib Hlh~z`li? :' h ~hg} ahej ib {cguj ~i`wj|uj} mw L}jhlgifj| ^j}jt ib

Hlh~z`li? 2' h ~hg} ahej ib fhrw m`zj ~i`wj|uj} mw J}jfeg}h ib Hlh~z`li?

hfe ;' h ~hg} ahej ib {cguj liuuif mw |haj ej|gkfj}? h`` mizkcu mw [hwfj

{cjf cj u}hrj`je ui Ajsgli if cg| whlcu ucj –[gè Kii|j&‗

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55:;2 Hf ig` ~Hgfugfk

mw [Hùj} jaj}\if mHza,

lg}lH 87=:

]jfej}je if lhfrh| ej~glugfk ucj

Ej`h{h}j ]grj} Lhfh` |gkfje gf ucj

ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐[&J& Mhza,‑ ucj

fiuje ^jff|w`rhfgh Ga~}j||gifg|u

~hgfuj} {ci egje gf 87:2? {guc h D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj

lhfrh| fjje| ui mj }j!|u}julcje&'

B}haje4 <<‑ s <7‑? [i}o If`w4 =7‑ s <2‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55:;; u[i ig` ~Hgfugfk\, 872>|

]jfej}je if lhfrh| miuc ej~glu Ohlcgfh ehflj}| ifj {guc h }jeeg|c!wj`ì{ mhlok}izfe ucj iucj} {guc h k}jjfg|c!m`zj mhlok}izfe?

miuc |gkfje gf ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐]zmmjòj&‑

B}haje4 =7‑ s =5‑? [i}o If`w4 87‑ s 8:‑

[hwfj che hf ga~}j||grj li``jlugif ib Ohlcgfh ei``| {cglc cj eifhuje ui ucj Fhugifh` Li{miw " [j|uj}f Cj}guhkj Az|jza gf Io`hciah Lguw,

Io`hciah mjbi}j cg| ejhuc&

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




55:;3 Hf ig` ~Hgfugfk, 872>|

]jfej}je if lhfrh| ej~glugfk bgrj ajf {jh}gfk |iam}j}i| |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} `jbu li}fj}

‐J&J& @haeh}hf&‑

<7‑ s <=‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:;7 bgrj [i}o\ ib H}u, 872>| !87;>|

Gfl`zegfk4 8' hf ig` if lhfrh| ej~glugfk h wizfk miw? =' h ~}gfu mh|je if hf Iè

Ah|uj} ~hgfugfk? <' hf ig` if lhfrh| ej~glugfk h ~}hwgfk aifo? 5' hf ig` if lhfrh|

ej~glugfk h aiucj} hfe |if? hfe :' hf ig` if lhfrh| ej~glugfk h kg}` gf h ehg|w bgjè?

biz} |gkfje& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

B}haje4 <3‑ s <=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:3> u[i –aifzajfu rH``jw‗ ig` ~Hgfug fk\, 87;>|

Miuc }jfej}je if lhfrh| jhlc ej~glugfk h egbbj}jfu rgj{ ib ucj Zuhc |guj {cj}j [hwfj hfe Dicf Bi}e ahej ahfw airgj| |zlc h| ‐\uhkjlihlc‑ gf 87<7 hfe ‐Ucj

\jh}lcj}|‑ gf 87:2 ucj bg}|u |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐H&D& Ahfti –;=,‑ ucj |jlife |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Jh}`jfj ̂ ilchuo| –;2&‑

B}haje4 8<‑ s 87‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




55:38 Hf ig` ~Hgfugfk, 872>|

]jfej}je if lhfrh| ej~glugfk uc}jj |hg`mihu| |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} `jbu li}fj}

‐Mii~fj&‑

B}haje4 8<‑ s 8:‑? [i}o If`w4 3‑ s 8>‑

j|h4 %<>>!%:>>

55:3= u[i fi}aHf }ilo[j`` \g kfje ~}gfu\, 87;>|

Ucj bg}|u ej~glugfk h {gfuj} |u}jju |ljfj gf|l}gmje gf m`hlo mh``~igfu gfo #fi{ bheje' gf gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Ui aw b}gjfe Dicf [hwfj, hf ga~i|gfk bgkz}j hfe

k}jhu #{i}e g``jkgm`j' ) \gflj}j`w ) Fi}ahf ]ilo{j``? ucj |jlife ej~glugfk h [j|uj}f |ljfj gf|l}gmje gf mhlo mh``~igfu gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Aw mj|u {g|cj|

ui Dicf [hwfj ) h k}hfe ~j}|if ) Li}egh``w ) Fi}ahf ]ilo{j``&‑

8=‑ s =7‑? 88‑ s =:‑

j|h4 %=,>>>!%=,:>>




55:3< j`jrjf ifj!\cjju bgà ~i\uj}\, 875>|!87;>|

Ugu`j| gfl`zej #gf h`~chmjuglh` i}ej}'4 ‐Lg}lz| [i}è‑ #8725' ‐Lifb`glu‑

#87:>| }j!}j`jh|j' ‐J` Ei}hei‑ #8722' ‐B`wgfk Ugkj}|‑ #87:>|

}j!}j`jh|j' ‐Ucj K}jjf Mj}ju|‑ #8723' ‐Gf Ch}a‗| [hw‑ #872:' ‐Dju

^gìu‑ #87:;' ‐\hkjm}z|c U}hg`‑ #87:>| }j!}j`jh|j' ‐Ucj \jh Lch|j‑

#87::' ‐Ucjw [j}j Js~jfehm`j‑ #87:>| }j!}j`jh|j' hfe ‐[h} ib ucj

[gèlhu|‑ #hoh ‐Gf Iè Io`hciah‑' #87:>| }j!}j`jh|j'? h`` {j}j if

eg|~`hw gf ucj ajf‗| ìloj} }iia hu ucj bi}aj} Dicf [hwfj Ujffg| L`zm

ìlhuje if Dhami}jj ]ihe gf Fj{~i}u Mjhlc& #^`jh|j fiuj h`` ~i|uj}|

h}j u}gaaje aizfuje ui mih}e| hfe gf ~ii} lifegugif&' #^`jh|j ki ui

iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

B}haje #jslj~u u{i'? H`` H~~}isgahuj`w 58‑ s =;‑

j|h4 %<,>>>!%:,>>>

55:35 H k}iz~ ib ~i\uj }\ b}ia H az\jza

ib aiej}f H}u jscgmg u, 87;;!87;3

H~~}isgahuj`w :>>? h`` gejfuglh` ej~glugfk hf gahkj ib Dicf [hwfj

hfe Ah}`jfj Egju}glc b}ia ucjg} 875> bgà ‐\jrjf \gffj}|‑ {guc

ujsu if ucj ui~ ah}kgf } jhegfk ‐Zfgrj}|h` ^gluz}j|4 2: Wjh}| ) Dzfj

7, 87;; ! Dhfzh}w =7, 87;3 ) Ucj Az|jza ib Aiej}f H} u?‑ |ug``

ciz|je gf ucj i}gkgfh` {iiejf l}huj uchu {h| |cg~~je ui [hwfj |i

cj lizè chrj cg| i{f li~gj| ib ucj ~i|uj}& #^`jh|j fiuj if`w ucj

~i|uj} |uh~`je ui ucj ui~ ib ucj l}huj g| gf ~ii} lifegugif? ucj iucj}

:>>/ h}j gf jslj``jfu lifegugif&'

î|uj}|4 =5‑ s 8;‑? L}huj4 8>‑ s =2‑ s =>‑

j|h4 %:>>!%::>




55:3: biz} liì} ~ciuik}H~c\, 87;>|

Gfl`zegfk4 8' hf gahkj ib [hwfj ciègfk cg| I|lh} ucj fgkcu cj {if gu

|gkfje if ucj ì{j} }gkcu |gej ‐Ehrge \zuuif –;>,‑ {guc e}g``je ci`j| gf ucj

b}haj gfeglhugfk gu {h| eg|~`hwje hmih}e ucj –[gè Kii|j?‗ =' hf gahkjib [hwfj hfe h |ujj} hu cg| –=2 Mh} ]hflc‗? <' hf gahkj ib [hwfj ucj

|ujj} hfe iucj}| h`|i hu ucj }hflc? hfe 5' hf gahkj ib [hwfj ^g`h} hfe

ucjg} lcgè}jf gf h lifrj}ugm`j {cjf cj {h| ucj K}hfe Ah}|ch` hu ucj 87;<

Uiz}fhajfu ib ]i|j| ^h}hej gf ^h|hejfh? uc}jj {guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

#^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 <>‑ s ==‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:32 Hf ‐g mj`gjrj ‑ ejl`H}Hugif, 87;>

H ~}gfuje li~w ib [hwfj‗| bhaiz| |~jjlc uchu cj ej`grj}je ui ucj Haj}glhf

~zm`gl rgh cg| FML uj`jrg|gif |~jlgh` ugu`je ‐\{gfk Izu \{jju @hfe‑ uchu

hg}je if Firjamj} =7 87;> aizfuje ui mih}e hfe |cj``hloje mw ucj

^j}ah^`hxzj Li}~i}hugif gf Ci``w{iie? {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

== 8)=‑ s 82 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:3; bgrj b}Haje `juu j}\, 875>|!87;>|

H`` {}guujf ui Dicf [hwfj? gfl`zegfk4 8' h 875; uw~je `juuj} b}ia h |iègj}

b}ia U}ii~ K!88=uc Lhrh`}w H||ilghugif? =' h 87:< uw~je `juuj} b}ia ucj R^

ib ucj Hg} Bi}lj H||ilghugif? <' h 87:2 ajai b}ia ucj Lh~uhgf ib ucj Z&\&Fhrw? 5' 87;> uw~je `juuj} b}ia Kzf| Ahkhtgfj? hfe :' h 87;; chfe{}guujf

`juuj} b}ia h ahf h||ilghuje {guc Z\\ I`grj} Chth}e ^j}}w BBK!;? ai|u

{guc D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib iucj}

~gjlj|&'

B}haje4 ==‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:33 bgrj b}Haje `ju uj}\, 87;>|

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h 87;: uw~je `juuj} b}ia ucj \jl}juh}w ib ucj U}jh|z}w? =' h

87;: uw~je `juuj} b}ia ajamj}| ib ucj H~i`ì l}j{? <' h 87;3 uw~je `juuj}

b}ia ucj Zfguje \uhuj| Ah}|ch` ib Mi|uif? 5' hf zfehuje uw~je ̀ juuj} b}ia

ucj ^}j|gejfu ib ucj Zfgrj}|guw ib Fiu}j Ehaj? hfe :' hf zfehuje uw~je

`juuj} b}ia ucj Kirj}fi} ib ucj \uhuj ib [h|cgfkuif? ai|u {guc D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib iucj} ~gjlj|&'

B}haje4 8=‑ s 8>‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55:37 H Dicf bi}e!}j`Huje `gaguje

jegugif \ju ib ~}gfu\, 87;<

B}ia hf jegugif ib :>> ugu`je ‐Dicf Bi}e ^}j|jfu| Li{miw

Ogfk| ib [j|uj}f Bhaj4 Ucj Bhaiz| [j|uj}f \uh}| \j}gj|?‑

{guc =5 liì} ~}gfu| ib ahdi} li{miw |uh}| gfl`zegfk #gf

h`~chmjuglh` i}ej}'4 [h}fj} Mhsuj} [h``hlj Mjj}w [h}e

Mife [g``gha Miwe Dicffw Ahlo M}i{f Ch}}w Lh}jw @ji

Lh}g`ì Kh}w Lii~j} Mg`` J``giuu Ciiu Kgm|if [g``gha \&

Ch}u Khmmw Chwj| Mzlo Difj| Uia Ojjfj Ojf Ahwfh}e Uga AlLiw Dij` AlL}jh Uia Ags Kji}kj I‗M}gjf [g``

]ikj}| ]hfei`~c \liuu Mim \ujj`j Dhaj| \uj{h}u hfe

Dicf [hwfj? {guc hf gfl`zeje lj}ugbglhuj g||zje ui ‐Dicf

–Ezoj‗ [hwfj,‑ |gkfje gf m`zj bjù!ug~ gfo gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu

|gej ‐Ui Ezoj ) [guc k}huguzej hfe hbbjlugif ) Ah}w Bi}e‑

_Dicf‗| {gbjQ? h`` ~}gfu| ciz|je gf h lz|uia!ahej m`zj

`jhucj}juuj lh|j jami||je if ucj lirj} {guc hf gahkj ib

Bi}e hfe ucj ugu`j ib ucj |j}gj|&

Jhlc ^}gfu4 82‑ s 88‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:7> H \gkfje ~i\uj}, 87;2

B}ia ucj Ci~hìfk Lh||gew Bgà Bj|ugrh` uchu uiio ~`hlj gf @hkzfh Mjhlc gf Firjamj} 87;2?

bjhuz}gfk hf gahkj ib [g``gha Miwe h| ‐Ci~~w?‑ |gkfje gf ~z}~`j bjù!ug~ gfo if ucj `jbu |gej

‐@irgfk h}a| ) h}izfe wiz h`{hw| ) Ezoj ) Ojj~ {h}a ) K}hlj Miwe‑ _Miwe‗| {gei{Q? {guc h

D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}? h`|i gfl`zeje h}j uc}jj gejfuglh` ~i|uj}| ucizkc fifj h}j |gkfje&

=;‑ s ==‑

j|h4 %:>>!%::>

55:78 H k}iz~ ib li``jlu gm`j b}jej}gl }jagfku if ajeH``gif eg\~`Hw\, 87;8

Ujf uiuh` b}ia h |j}gj| mh|je if ucj h}ug|u‗| [j|uj}f!ucjaje {i}o| h`` ej~glugfk hegbbj}jfu gahkj if h }izfe ajuh` eg|l ahuuje hmirj h |ah``j} eg|l {cglc |ci{| h `gojfj||

ib ]jagfkuif cga|j`b ugu`j| ib jhlc h}j ‐Ucj Izu`h{,‑ ‐M}ifli Mz|uj},‑ ‐Ucj \j}kjhfu,‑

‐Ucj \lh`~,‑ ‐Ucj Bh``jf ]gej},‑ ‐Ucj Aizfuhgf Ahf,‑ ‐Ucj ]huu`j|fhoj,‑ ‐Ucj Fi}ucj},‑ ‐Ucj

Lcjwjffj,‑ hfe ‐Liagfk Uc}izkc ucj ]wj?‑ h`` h}j aizfuje ui h `gaj k}jjf rj`rju mhlok}izfe

gf h |g`rj} {iiejf b}haj? ai|u chrj D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}|&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 8<‑ s 8>‑? Eg|l If`w4 :‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55:7= \gs DH~Hfj\j ei``\, 87:>|

H`` ahej ib lìuc hfe ejli}hugrj bhm}gl aizfuje ui {iiejf |uhfe| chfe!~hgfuje bhlj| e}j||je gf u}hegugifh` ogaifi| uc}jj h}j bjah`j hfe

ciz|je gf k`h|| eg|~`hw misj| #ifj mis ch| m}iojf k`h|| ~hfj`|' uc}jj h}j ah`j #u{i h}j aizfuje uikjucj} if ifj |uhfe'? gfl`zeje {guc ucj

i}gkgfh` Dh~hfj|j |cg~~gfk mis? ~z}lch|je mw [hwfj {cjf cj rg|guje Dh~hf if eg|~`hw gf ucj `grgfk }iia gf ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

Ei``|4 =5‑ hfe |ah``j}? Lh|j|4 =3‑ s 8:‑ s 8=‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>

55:7< Hf jHk`j \lz`~uz}j, 872>|

Ahej ib ljajfu hfe lia~i|guj ~hgfuje m}i{f ui |gaz`huj h {iie lh}rgfk {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj ug~| ib miuc {gfk| chrj m}iojf ibb?

~gjlj| ib ucj {gfk| h}j gfl`zeje bi} ~i||gm`j }j~hg} {i}o&'

H~~}isgahuj`w4 5;‑ s 88‑ s 5‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,=>>

55:75 H ~Hg} ib Hb}glHf Hf ujì~j \oz` ` Hfe ci}f\

Fiu aizfuje? imuhgfje mw [hwfj {cjf cj {h| if ìlhugif gf Uhfthfgh bgàgfk ucj

872= ^h}haizfu bgà ‐Chuh}g(‑

@jfkuc4 =;‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>




55:7: H [iiejf \lz`~uz}j, 872 >|

H~~jh}gfk ui mj Dj|z| lh}rje gf ucj }izfe b}ia h ìk |gkfje if ucj ì{j} }gkcu |gej ‐Jzkjfgi,‑ bz}ucj} |uha~je if ucj miuuia ‐Jzkjfgi ) J|lzùi}?‑ gfl`zeje g| h

}j~}gfuje gahkj |ci{gfk ucg| ~gjlj gf |guz gf [hwfj‗| Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ibbglj&

H~~}isgahuj`w4 83‑ s 7‑ s 2‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

55:72 uc}jj fHugrj Haj}glHf }zk\, 872>|

H`` ahej ib {ii`? ucj bg}|u gf czj| ib m`hlo m}i{f hfe uhf {irjf {guc |xzh}j!|ch~je

~huuj}f| hfe `gfj| }j|jam`gfk h –[?‗ ucj |jlife gf czj| ib m}i{f mjgkj hfe }je {irjf

{guc eghaife!|ch~je ~huuj}f|? ucj ucg}e m}i{f uhf hfe mjgkj {irjf {guc tgk thk!|ch~je

~huuj}f|? uikjucj} {guc hf H`~hlh {ii` m`hfoju ahej gf ^j}z gf czj| ib mjgkj m}i{f k}hw

hfe {cguj bjhuz}gfk hf gahkj ib u{i `hah| gf ljfuj} fjrj} z|je h| i}gkgfh` uhk g| |ug``

huuhlcje&

:2‑ s 37‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




55:7; H ~jf Hfe gfo e}H[gfk, lg }lH 87;7

]jfej}je if ~h~j} ej~glugfk hf gahkj ib [hwfj ugu`je ‐Hfiucj} Ahdi} Mhuu`j

bi} Ucj Ezoj?‑ l}jhuje mw lh}uiifg|u)g``z|u}hui} Mim Egs ui }zf gf ucj Ahflcj|uj}

Zfgif @jhej} fj{|~h~j} `goj`w |iajugaj gf 87;7 {cjf [hwfj‗| lhflj}

}j|z}bhlje&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

55:73 H ~jf Hfe gfo e}H[gfk, 87;7

]jfej}je if ~h~j} ej~glugfk [hwfj if h mzlogfk ci}|j |uha~gfk izu ‐Ucj

Mgk L,‑ |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Lif}he ) Ucj @i| Hfkj`j| Ugaj|

87;7,‑ aizfuje hmirj g| ucj i}gkgfh` fj{|~h~j} lzu!izu ib ucj lh}uiif

{cglc }hf if \zfehw Dhfzh}w =8 87;7? {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

B}haje4 =:‑ s 8:‑? [i}o If`w4 8<‑ s 8>‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,=>>

55:77 biz} e}H[gfk\, 872>|!87;>|

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~jf hfe gfo if ~h~j} ej~glugfk h lh}glhuz}j ib [hwfj mwfiuje lh}uiifg|u Mg`` Ahzègf |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} `jbu |gej ‐Bi} –\xzgfu‗ )

[hwfj b}ia ) h bhf ) Lgfjah ) Egrg|gif ) Mg`` Ahzègf,‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}? =' h liì} ~}gfu ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia h [j|uj}f? <' hf

ig` if mih}e ~hgfugfk ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia h [j|uj}f? hfe 5'

h ~}gfu ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia h [j|uj}f {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}? h`` |gkfje& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj}

~gjlj|&'

Ai|u`w Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 82‑ s 85‑‗ [i}o If`w4 8>‑ s 3‑ hfe |ah``j}

j|h4 %<>>!%<:>




552>> Hf ig` ~Hgfugfk, 872>|

]jfej}je if mih}e ej~glugfk h kiie `gojfj|| ib [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia

h [j|uj}f |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} `jbu li}fj} ‐Uifg U}jrhffj,‑ gf h }z|ugl {iie

b}haj&

B}haje4 =:‑ s =8‑? [i}o If`w4 =>‑ s 8;‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

552>8 Hf ig` ~Hgfugfk, 87;>|

]jfej}je if lhfrh| ej~glugfk h kiie `gojfj|| ib [hwfj h| ‐]ii|uj}

Likmz}f‑ b}ia ‐U}zj K}gu‑ |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Bì{j},‑ {guc h

}z|ugl {iiejf b}haj&

B}haje4 =<‑ s =>‑? [i}o If`w4 83‑ s 85‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

552>= H ~jf Hfe gfo e}H[gfk, 87;;

]jfej}je if ~h~j} ej~glugfk h cgkc`w ejuhg`je gahkj ib [hwfj gf lch}hluj}

b}ia ‐Ucj \ciiug|u‑ ì{j} ah}kgf g| hffiuhuje gf ~jflg` ‐Dicf [hwfj b}ia

Eif \gjkj`‗| –Ucj \ciiug|u‗ ) Agoj @ham ;)=5)=5);;,‑ gf hf j`hmi}huj

{iiejf b}haj&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 <<‑ s =;‑? [i}o If`w4 =5‑ s 83‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

552>< Hf Hg}m}z\cje ~Hgfugfk, 87;>|

]jfej}je if mih}e ej~glugfk h kiie `gojfj|| ib [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia

‐Mgk Dhoj‑ |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐E&L& Uièji&‑ #^`jh|j fiuj ucj}j

h}j h bj{ |l}hulcj| hfe eg}u if ucj |z}bhlj mzu irj}h`` lifegugif g| |ug``

kiie&'

Ahuuje4 <2‑ s <>‑? [i}o If`w4 =7‑ s =<‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>




552>5 Hf ig` ~Hgfugfk, 87;>|

]jfej}je if lhfrh| ej~glugfk h kiie `gojfj|| ib [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia

‐Lhcg`` Z&\& Ah}|ch``‑ |gkfje if ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐@h{}jflj&‑

B}haje4 =8‑ s =:‑? [i}o If`w4 82‑ s =>‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

552>: H ~H\uj` ~i}u}Hg u, 87;3

]jfej}je if ~h~j} ej~glugfk h kiie `gojfj|| ib [hwfj gf ucj l`h||gl –Dicf

[hwfj Haj}glhf‗ ~i|j |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Bi} Ezoj ) {guc

ìrj ) Ah}g`wf AlL}hlojf –;3,‑ gf h }z|ugl {iie b}haj&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 58‑ s =7‑? [i}o If`w4 =;‑ s 82‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

552>2 Hf ig` ~Hgfugfk, 87;>|

]jfej}je if mih}e ej~glugfk h kiie `gojfj|| ib [hwfj gf ucj l`h||gl –Dicf

[hwfj Haj}glhf‗ ~i|j |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} `jbu li}fj} ‐]iw Cha~uif ) H&G&L&H&,‑ gf h }z|ugl {iie b}haj&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 <:‑ s <8‑‗ [i}o If`w4 =:‑ s ==‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

552>; H cHfe!uii`je `j Hucj} ~i}u}Hgu, 87;7

Ej~glugfk h kiie `gojfj|| ib [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia ‐Ucj Ahf [ci \ciu

@gmj}uw Rh`hflj‑ |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Uia [i`bj ) ;7,‑ fhg`je ui

h }z|ugl ~gjlj ib {iie&

Irj}h``4 =<‑ s =>‑? [i}o If`w4 83‑ s 8:‑

j|h4 %:>>!%::>




552>3 u[i fjje`j~igfu\

}j`Huje ui ‐u }zj k}gu,‑ 8727

Ucj bg}|u ej~glugfk [hwfj h| ‐]ii|uj}

Likmz}f?‑ ucj |jlife ej~glugfk h ~ija

}jhegfk gf bz`` ‐Ezoj ) Bi} jrj}wifj ) Miuc

Wizfk hfe Iè ) Cg| Ejje| ) ui h`` ucj {i}è

zfbiè ) ucj @ha~ ib Kiiefj|| ) Cj ch|

`gu ) Ui cga {j |hw ) Wiz Chrj U]ZJ K]GU? ‐

{guc ucj }jafhfu ib h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

B}haje4 85‑ s 88‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

552>7 H ~zaglj \lz`~uz}j, 87;>|

Ej~glugfk [hwfj‗| cjhe gf uc}jj!egajf|gif aizfuje ui h }jluhfkz`h} {iiejf mh|j?

kgbuje ui [hwfj mw h bhf&

H~~}isgahuj`w4 8<‑ s 3‑ s 7‑

j|h4 %:>>!%;>>

5528> Hf ig` ~Hgfugfk, 873>|

]jfej}je if mih}e ej~glugfk h kiie ‐ga~}j||gifg|ugl‑ `gojfj|| ib [hwfj gf

lch}hluj} b}ia h [j|uj}f |ju hkhgf|u h rgrge uz}xzig|j mhlok}izfe |gkfje gf ucj

ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐^goj?‑ ~z}lch|je mw ucj bhag`w hbuj} [hwfj‗| ejhuc&

B}haje4 :5‑ s 5<‑? [i}o If`w4 57‑ s <7‑

j|h4 %2>>!%3>>



<>> Ui rj{ z`` j|l}~uif| jf`h}kjhm`j ahkj| hf m if`fj r|u CH&lia);>5:

55288 H k}iz~ ib DH~Hfj\j –ugaj‗ ~i\ uj}\, 873>|

H~~}isgahuj`w 8:>? h`` gejfuglh` bjhuz}gfk h ailo gahkj ib h Ugaj

Ahkhtgfj lirj} ej~glugfk [hwfj z|gfk h {huj} ~g|ui` ui ~zu izu cg|

lgkh}juuj ujsu gf ̀ i{j} ̀ jbu li}fj} }jhe| ‐Ucg| ~i|uj} lh``je bi} ucj

lii~j}hugif ib ucj |zm{hw ~h||jfkj}| gf Uiowi ez}gfk ucj fif!

|aiogfk ugaj?‑ h`` ~i|uj}| h}j kjfu`w bièje u{glj gf h mgk |uhlo?

kgbuje ui ucj [hwfj J|uhuj h| ucjw h`ì{je cg| gahkj ui mj z|je bi}

ucg| hfug!|aiogfk lha~hgkf&

5>‑ s =3 8)=‑

j|h4 %8,>>>!%8,:>>

5528= H k}iz~ ib DH~Hfj\j –`j rg‗\‗ ~i\uj}\, 873>|

H~~}isgahuj`w 8:> h`` gejfuglh` bjhuz}gfk ucj bhaiz| |ciu b}ia

‐\uhkjlihlc‑ {cjf {j h}j bg}|u gfu}iezlje ui ucj ‐]gfki Oge‑ ― ucj

|ljfj uchu ahej Dicf [hwfj hf gf|uhfu airgj |uh} #ucizkc cj che

h`}jhew ahej jgkcuw!iee bgà|'? ujsu if ucj `jbu |gej }jhe| ‐Cj}ij|

[jh} @jrg‗|‑ hmirj Dh~hfj|j lch}hluj}| hfe ucj @jrg‗| ìki? kgbuje

ui ucj [hwfj J|uhuj h| ucjw h`ì{je cg| gahkj ui mj z|je bi} ucg|

herj}ug|gfk lha~hgkf&

=< 8)=‑ s <<‑

j|h4 %:>>!%::>

JFe Ib \J\\gIF IFJ



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <>8

5528< H Bjù CHu, 87:>

Ib u}hegugifh` ej|gkf uhf!liì}je ahej mw Dhaj| Irghuu ib @i| Hfkj`j| lh``je

hf ‐Irghuu Aiej`,‑ {guc jrgejfu {jh}& #^`jh|j fiuj ucj}j g| |`gkcu |uhgfgfk if ucj

}ga hfe chumhfe&'

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

55285 uC}jj [ii` [Hògfk CHu|, 87:>!872>

H`` ib u}hegugifh` ej|gkf? ucj bg}|u mjgkj u{jje mw Cj}mj}u Dicf|if ib @ifeif?

ucj |jlife k}hw hfe {cguj {guc liì}je |~jlo`j| mw K}hbuif \u}jju ib \izucj}f

Lh`gbi}fgh? ucj ucg}e m`hlo hfe {cguj {guc liì}je |~jlo`j| mw Ag``h}| ib

Liffjah}h G}j`hfe&

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

\J\\GIF U[I

Cj}guhkj @grj(ℭ Gfuj}fju Bhs hfe Ahg` If`w \j||gif

B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU p Eh``h| p @iu| 5528< “ 55;5:

H 87&:* Mzwj}+| ^}jagza #%85 agfgaza' [g`` Mj Heeje Ui H`` @iu|

Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

\^JLGH@ GFUJ]FJU MGEEGFK BJHUZ]JIf`gfj ~}isw mgeegfk jfe| hu CH&lia u{i ciz}| ~}gi} ui ucj i~jfgfk ib ucj `grj hzlugif& Lcjlo ucj Ugaj ]jahgfgfk

if gfegrgezh` ìu| bi} ejuhg`|& Hbuj} Gfuj}fju ~}isw mgeegfk lì|j| `grj mgeegfk {g`` uhoj ~`hlj uc}izkc Cj}guhkj

@grjUA iz} mgeegfk |ibu{h}j uchu `ju| wiz mge `grj ez}gfk ucj hluzh` hzlugif& Wiz} |jl}ju ahsgaza {g`` lia~juj

hkhgf|u uci|j mge| hfe {gf h`` ugj|& Ui ahsgagtj wiz} lchflj| ib {gffgfk jfuj} }jh`g|ugl |jl}ju ahsgaza mge|

mjbi}j `grj mgeegfk mjkgf|& #Ga~i}uhfu fiuj4 Ezj ui |ibu{h}j hfe Gfuj}fju `hujflw mge| ~`hlje uc}izkc @grj Gfuj}fju

Mgeegfk ahw fiu }jkg|uj} gf ugaj hfe uci|j mgeej}| lizè ì|j ìu| ucjw {izè iucj}{g|j chrj {if |i mj |z}j ui

~`hlj wiz} ~}isw mge| gf herhflj&'



<>= Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

5528: uC}jj [ii`

LH~|, 87:>

H`` ib l`h||gl ej|gkf {guc h |ah``

m}ga h`` mw Hw}j| hfe \aguc ib

Jfk`hfe #mzu mizkcu hu Irghuu‗|

gf @i| Hfkj`j|'? ucj bg}|u m`hlo

hfe {cguj cizfe|uiiuc? ucj

|jlife mjgkj u{jje #cjhrg`w

{i}f hfe |uhgfje'? hfe ucj ucg}e

m}i{f ~`hge&

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

55282 uC}jj |u}H[ CHu|, 872> !87;>

Gf rh}giz| |uw`j|? ucj bg}|u h li{miw chu {guc h {cguj liuuif m}hge chumhfe

mw Fzegj‗| ]ieji Uhgì}| ib Fi}uc Ci``w{iie Lh`gbi}fgh lh``je h –]j|g|ui`

\j`b!Lifbi}agfk‗ #fjrj} {i}f'? ucj |jlife h ^hfhah chu mw ]imgf|if‗|

Ajf‗| \ui}j ib @i| Hfkj`j| #cjhrg`w {i}f {guc ahfw ci`j| hfe }g~|'? hfe ucj

ucg}e hf Jlzhei}ghf ^hfhah chu {guc h m`hlo ugj chumhfe mw ^hz` Mife‗| ib Fikh`j| lh``je h –Eifciw‗ #{i}f hfe cjhrg`w |uhgfje'&

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

5528; H |u}H[ |iam}j}i, 872>

Ib u}hegugifh` ej|gkf {guc h ucglo }je hfe m`hlo |u}g~je chumhfe hfe h uhf

|zjej lcgf |u}h~ ahej mw J`jkhfuj \iam}j}i Fhlgifh` bz}ucj} |uha~je if

gf|gej `gfgfk ‐Jsu}h Bgfi?‑ {guc jrgejfu {jh}& #^`jh|j fiuj chu g| |iaj{chu

ehahkje ezj ui z|j hfe hkj&'

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

55283 j`jrjf mH|jmH`` LH~|, 872>!87;>

H`` {guc rh}giz| ìki| hfe)i} ~hulcj| |zlc h| ZL@H Z\L Haj}glhf Lih`

Ucj \c}gfj}| HHE Ezoj #fiu ucj zfgrj}|guw' Jèi}hei #{guc hf hbbgsje

Fgsif!@iekj `h~j` mzuuif' hfe ucj @i| Hùi| Gfuj}fhugifh` Ajf‗| L`zm? `h|u

u{i ucj if`w ifj| {i}f h`` iucj}| `goj`w kgbuje ui [hwfj&

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55287 Bgrj LH|zH` LH~|, 872>!87;>

H`` ahej ib liuuif? gfl`zegfk4 8' h fhrw m`zj ifj {guc hf hflci} ~hulc? ='

h `gkcu m`zj ifj {guc h ~hulc }jhegfk ‐Cifi}h}w ) Liaaiei}j ) î}u ib

\uilouif ) Lh`gb&?‑ <' h {cguj ifj {guc h }gmmif mhfe hfe h ~hulc }jhegfk

‐Mj``jrzj?‑ 5' h uhf ifj {guc h }gmmif mhfe mw Jeegj Mhzj}? hfe :' h {cguj

ifj {guc h }gmmif mhfe? ai|u h~~jh} {j`` {i}f&

jh4 %=>>!%<>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <><

552=> Bgrj LH|zH` LH~|, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ochog liuuif ifj mw @&@& Mjhf? =' h }je bjù ifj? <' h uhf

bg|cgfk ifj mw I}rg|? 5' h }je rgfw` ifj mw Uje [g``gha| bi} \jh}| ]ijmzlohfe Li&? hfe :' hf i`grj k}jjf liuuif ifj? u{i {j`` {i}f&

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

552=8 Bgrj [Cga|gLH` CHu|, 87:>!87;>

H`` ib rh}wgfk ej|gkf? ucj bg}|u h ah}iif hfe wj`ì{ {ii` Uha I‗\chfuj}

ahej gf \liu`hfe? ucj |jlife h m`hlo M}gug|c mimmw chu mw Lc}g|uw| ib

@ifeif #{guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}'? ucj ucg}e h li``h~|gm`j m`hlo |gò ui~ chu

mw Eimm| ib Fj{ Wi}o #mizkcu hu Ej|aife‗|'? ucj biz}uc h k}jjf bjù ui~ chu

mw \lc{h}ut Chu Li& ib @i| Hfkj`j| #aiuc ci`j| h~~h}jfu'? hfe ucj bgbuc h

ah}iif rj`rju |iam}j}i {guc ejli}hugrj kiè }gmmif hlljfu|&

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

552== u[i ~Hg}| iB E}j|| |Cij|, 872 >!87;>

Ucj bg}|u h ~hg} ib m`hlo ̀ jhucj} Isbi}e| gf|gej |uha~ }jhe| ‐[gfk mw Mh``w ib

\{gutj}`hfe,‑ |gtj 8> 8)=E? ucj |jlife h ~hg} ib m`hlo `jhucj} ìhbj}| gf|gej

|uha~| }jhe| ‐Lh}}i`` " Li& Mjrj}`w Cg``|,‑ |gtj 88? miuc {guc jrgejfu {jh}&

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

552=< uC}jj ~Hg}| iB ìHBj}|, 872>!87;>

H`` ahej ib `jhucj}? ucj bg}|u m}i{f? ucj |jlife m}i{f {guc h kiè ajuh`

jamj``g|cajfu if ui~ gf|gej `hmj` }jhe| ‐Ahej bi} \ga~|if ^gllheg``w ) mw

Mh``w ib \{gutj}`hfe,‑ |gtj 88J? ucj ucg}e li}eirhf l`h||gl ~jffw ìhbj} |uw`j

gf|gej |uha~je ‐[jjdzf| ) K&C& Mh|| " Li&?‑ |gtj 8> 8)=J? h`` {guc jrgejfu

cjhrw {jh}&

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

552=5 u[i ~Hg}| iB HEgEH| HuC`j ugL |Cij|, 872> !87;>

Gfl`zegfk h ~hg} ib {cguj `jhucj} –]imj}u Chg``ju‗ ujffg| |cij| {guc jrgejfu

{jh} hfe h ~hg} ib {cguj `jhucj} {guc k}jjf |u}g~j| –Lizfu}w‗ }zffgfk |cij|&

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

552=: Biz} ~Hg}| iB Ej|j}u miiu|, 872> !87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~hg} ib uhf |zjej ifj| gf|gej |uha~ }jhe| ‐Hbuj} Ciz}|,‑ |gtj

8> 8)=[? =' hfiucj} gejfuglh` ~hg}? <' h ~hg} ib uhf lhfrh| ifj| |uha~ if

cjj` }jhe| ‐@&@& Mjhf, Gfl,?‑ |gtj 88? hfe 5' h ~hg} ib uhf |zjej ifj| gf|gej

|ugloj} }jhe| ‐Ogbbj Riwhkj} Miiu!\~hgf,‑ |gtj 88? |iaj {guc jrgejfu {jh}&

jh4 %5>>!%2>>



<>5 Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

552=2 Biz} ~Hg}| iB LH|zH` |Cij|, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~hg} ib m}i{f bhzs `jhucj} hfo`j miiu| {guc h mzlo`j lì|z}j

|gtj 8> 8)=? =' h ~hg} ib m}i{f |zjej lh|zh` Isbi}e| gf|gej |uha~ }jhe|

gf ~h}u ‐mw Mh||?‑ <' h ~hg} ib uhf |zjej `hlj!z~ hfo`j miiu| gf|gej |uha~

}jhe| ‐Cgulclilo ) Cgfkcha, Ah||&,‑ |gtj 8> 8)=? hfe 5' h ~hg} ib m}i{f

`jhucj} ejlo |cij| gf|gej |uha~ }jhe| ‐\~j}}w Ui~ \gej}?‑ h`` {guc jrgejfu

{jh}&

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

552=; Bgrj ~Hg}| iB izuEii}| miiu|, 872 >!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~hg} ib i`grj k}jjf }zmmj} bg|cgfk miiu| b}ifu |uha~ }jhe|

‐U}i``j},‑ |gtj 8=? =' h ~hg} ib uhf |zjej lz|uia!ahej {i}o miiu|? <' hfiucj}

gejfuglh` ~hg} 5' h ~hg} ib m`hlo }zmmj} }hgf miiu| |gtj 88? :' h ~hg} ib i`grj

k}jjf }zmmj} hfe uhf `jhucj} czfugfk miiu| |uha~ if cjj` }jhe| ‐Jeegj

Mhzj} ) Czfugfk ^hl|,‑ |gtj 88A? ai|u {guc jrgejfu {jh}&

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

552=3 ujf ~Hg}| iB |`g~~j}|, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~hg} ib k}hw fwìf Azo`zo| gf|gej uhk }jhe| ‐Jeegj Mhzj} )

^}jagza Xzh`guw Kii|j Ei{f,‑ |gtj @? =' h ~hg} ib mjgkj {ii` hfe `jhucj}

Azo`zo |`g~~j}| miuuia |uha~ }jhe| ‐Jeegj Mhzj},‑ |gtj A@? <' h ~hg} ib

uhf `jhucj} |`g~~j}| {guc eh}o m}i{f bhzs bz} `gfgfk? 5' h ~hg} ib }z|u!liì}je

`jhucj} |`g~~j}| gf|gej |uha~ }jhe| ‐^hfuzb`h| Cikh} ) Cjlci jf Ajsgli?‑

:' h ~hg} ib li}eirhf `jhucj} |`g~~j}| gf|gej |uha~ }jhe| ‐Jrhf| ) Mh}ifju,‑

|gtj 88? 2' h ~hg} ib uhf `jhucj} |`g~~j})ìhbj}| gf|gej |uha~ }jhe| ‐]iwh`L}j|u mw Cj}`jw,‑ |gtj 88? ;' h ~hg} ib uhf `jhucj} |`g~~j}| gf|gej |uha~

}jhe| ‐Cgej!H{hw| mw Ahfg|ujj,‑ |gtj 88? 3' h ~hg} ib uhf |zjej |`g~~j}|

{guc |cjj~|ogf ̀ gfgfk miuuia |uha~je ‐Chfe Uz}fje ) Chfe @h|uje ) Ahej

gf Jfk`hfe,‑ |gtj 88? 7' h ~hg} ib {cguj uj}}w lìuc hfe m`zj j`h|ugl |`g~~j}|

miuuia |uha~je ‐Rhf Czj|jf?‑ hfe 8>' h ~hg} ib `gkcu m`zj hfe fhrw m`zj

rjìz} |`g~~j}| miuuia |uha~je ‐\zfei{fj}|,‑ |gtj 88!8=? h`` {guc jrgejfu

{jh}&

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

552=7 H –Ezoj‗ mjù mzLo`j , 872>

Ahej ib uhf `jhucj} chfe!uii`je `juuj}gfk }jhe| ‐Ezoj&‑

= 8)=‑ s 5 8)5‑

jh4 %5>>!%2>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <>:

552<> uC}jj –aHf`w‗ mjù|, 872>!87;>

Ucj bg}|u {guc h m}h|| –[j``| Bh}ki‗ mzlo`j mhlo |uha~je ‐Ugbb hfw Fj{ Wi}o?‑

mjù ahej ib m}i{f `jhucj} |gtj <3 {guc jrgejfu cjhrw {jh}? ucj |jlife

{guc h ajuh` –Aifujtzah Ujxzg`h‗ mzlo`j? mjù ahej ib m`hlo `jhucj} |gtj

5= {guc fi {jh}? ucj ucg}e {guc h m}h|| –Ah}`mi}i‗ mzlo`j? mjù ahej ib

m}i{f `jhucj} |gtj <3 {guc fi {jh}&

Mzlo`j|4 = 8)=‑ s < 8)=‑

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

552<8 Biz} mHfEHfH|, 872>!87;>

Uc}jj ahej ib liuuif {guc u}hegugifh` }je i} m`zj –mhfehfh ~}gfu‗ bhm}gl? ifj

ahej ib |gò mw Jeegj Mhzj}&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

552<= H u}Hrj`

u}zfo, 872>!87;>

Ahej ib m`hlo ~`h|ugl {guc u{i

–Dicf [hwfj‗ }juz}f hee}j||

`hmj`| hfe uc}jj b}jgkcu |ugloj}|

if |z}bhlj&

=5‑ s 5>‑ s 88‑

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

552<< H ìmmw LH}E B}ia ‐uCjw [j}j js~j fEHm`j‑

Aju}i!Kiè{wf!Ahwj} 875:& Lh}e ,: ej~glugfk [h}e Mife [hwfj hfe

]imj}u Aifukiaj}w gf h |ljfj b}ia ucj Dicf Bi}e!eg}jluje bgà? {guc h D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 8;‑ s =>‑? Lh}e If`w4 88‑ s 85‑

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

552<5 H ~i|uj}, 875 2

Ej~glugfk hf irj}|gtje bhl|gag`j ib h –Bg}|u Ehw ib G||zj‗ jfrjì~j bi} ucj

Gi{h \uhujciie Ljfujffgh` <!ljfu ~i|uhkj |uha~? hee}j||jj |jlugif }jhe|

gf ~h}u ‐A}& Dicf [hwfj ) ]OI ]hegi ^gluz}j| \uzegi|?‑ `goj`w |jfu ui [hwfj

b}ia ucj Zfguje \uhuj| î|uh` \j}rglj |gflj cj {h| h bhaiz| Gi{h fhugrj&

B}haje4 85‑ s =:‑? î|uj} If`w4 8<‑ s ==‑

jh4 %=>>!%<>>




552<: H k}iz~ iB ~Ha~C`ju| }j`HujE ui ‐ uCj H`Hai,‑ 872>

\gsujjf uiuh`? lh``je h ‐\uhujajfu ib ^}gflg~`j‑ uchu @gbj Ahkhtgfj ~}gfuje

ui herj}ug|j ucjg} ~zm`glhugif h| {j`` h| ucj bgà gfuj}gi} ~hkj| bjhuz}j hf

gahkj ib [hwfj hìfk {guc ujsu hmizu ucj cg|ui}w ib Ucj H`hai? ucj|j mjgfk

[hwfj‗| jsu}h bg`j li~gj|&

85‑ s 88‑

jh4 %=:!%:>

552<2 H ~H~j}[jgkCu }j `HujE ui ‐ CHuH}g(‑

^h}haizfu 872=& H l`jh} @zlguj mìlo {guc h agfghuz}j kiè!liì}je Djj~

|z|~jfeje gf|gej ujsu if ucj b}ifu }jhe| ‐Chuh}g ) Dicf [hwfj‑ {guc h

~h}ugh` D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}? ̀ goj`w h kgbu b}ia h lh|u i} l}j{ ajamj}&

= 8)=‑ s = 8)=‑ s 8 8)=‑

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

552<; u[i m`Hfo ~gjLj| iB `juuj}CjHE B}ia ‐CHuH}g(‑

^h}haizfu 872=& Bjhuz}gfk ucj bgà‗| ìki hfe iucj} }j`jrhfu gfbi}ahugif

{guc h lzuj j`j~chfu gf ucj ljfuj}? miuc ~hkj| bièje u{glj mzu fiu z|je

iucj}{g|j&

88‑ s 3 8)=‑

jh4 %=:!%:>

552<3 u[i `H~j` mzu uif|, 8727!87;8

Ucj bg}|u `goj`w h ~}iaiugifh` ~gjlj }j`huje ui [hwfj‗| 8727 bgà ‐U}zj

K}gu?‑ ucj |jlife b}ia Ucj Di``w ]ikj} }j|uhz}hfu #hf iè \izucj}f Lh`gbi}fgh

lchgf'? miuc ciz|je gf h mis }jhegfk ‐Ci``w{iie Eghaife ) Jslchfkj )

828= Fi}uc Rgfj \u}jju ) Ci``w{iie, Lh`gbi}fgh‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}&

Eghajuj}4 < 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=:!%:>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <>;

552<7 H [H`` CHfkgfk, 87;>

Ahej ib mz}`h~ {guc i}hfkj hfe m`zj wh}f

chfe!|ugulcje gf hf z~`gbugfk aj||hkj?

kgbuje ui [hwfj mw h bhf {cjf cj {h| gf ucj

ci|~guh`&

<2‑ s 8>‑

jh4 %=:!%:>

5525> uC}jj ~Ciuik}H~CgL ~gjLj|, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h m`hlo hfe {cguj ~ciuik}h~c ib [hwfj {guc hfiucj} ahf

ciz|je {gucgf hf j`hmi}huj {iiejf b}haj }jhegfk ‐H~}g` 2, 87;: ) Ezoj )

Uchfo| bi} ucj k}jhu ) gf|~g}hugif& ) H`{hw| Mz}u?‑ =' h liì} ~ciuik}h~cgl

gahkj ib [hwfj {guc ujsu mjì{ }jhegfk ‐Kie ahej cga hf Haj}glhf )

]hwaife [g``gj ahej cga h Ujshf ) Wiz ahej cga h `jkjfe,‑ {guc h D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}? hfe <' hf gfuj}j|ugfk irj}|gtje kiè!liì}je ~zm`glguw

~ciuik}h~c ib [hwfj b}ia ‐Fi}uc ui H`h|oh‑ g||zje mw =>uc Ljfuz}w Bis ui

~}iaiuj ucj bgà& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib iucj} ~gjlj|&'

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 =>‑ s 82‑? [i}o If`w4 8:‑ s 8=‑

jh4 %<>>!%<:>

55258 H k}iz~ iB ajuH` kgBu ~` HLH}E|, 87;>

Ujf uiuh`? h`` gejfuglh` {guc ujsu }jhegfk ‐Mj|u [g|cj| ) Ezoj,‑ hecj|grj |u}g~

if mhlo jrgejfu`w z|je ui hbbgs ui kgb u|&

8‑s = 8)=‑

jh4 %:>!%;:

5525= H mza~j} |ugLo j}, 87;>

Fjif wj`ì{ {guc m`hlo ujsu fjrj} z|je& #^`jh|j fiuj ~gjlj g| |iaj{chu

{}gfo`je hfe ch| biè ah}o|&'

5‑ s 8:‑

jh4 %=>!%=:

5525< u[i Liaajai}Hugrj `gLjf|j ~`Huj|, 87;<

Miuc gejfuglh` ujsu }jhe| ‐Eg|u}glu ib Li`zamgh ) D[ ) Gfhzkz}hugif

87;<?‑ kgrjf ui [hwfj h| h ajajfui ib cg| b}gjfe ]glch}e Fgsif‗| |jlife

gfhzkz}hugif {cglc uiio ~`hlj if Dhfzh}w => 87;<&

2‑ s 8=‑

jh4 %:>!%8>>




55255 H k}iz~ iB rgjufHa!}j`HujE kgBu|, 872>

Biz} guja| h`` kgbuje ui [hwfj b}ia |iègj}|? ucj bg}|u h |hugf b`hk }jhegfk ‐Ci

Lcg Agfc ) Og|| Aw H||?‑ ucj |jlife h }je {cguj hfe m`zj liuuif mhffj}

{guc h chfe{}guujf fiuj }jhegfk gf ~h}u ‐:uc \~jlgh` Bi}lj| ) Rgjufha?‑

ucj ucg}e h fif!`grj k}jfhej {guc h chfe{}guujf fiuj }jhegfk ‐Ui ) Dicf )

[hwfj ) Ah}gfj J&I&E& ) Ehfhfk ) Dzf& 22 ) B&@&B&?‑ hfe ucj biz}uc h fif!

`grj k}jfhej {guc h chfe{}guujf fiuj }jhegfk ‐Ui ) Dicf ) [hwfj ) B}ia )

2<=LA ) Mgfc ) Czw ) Rgju&‑

Rh}giz| \gtj|

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

5525: H k}iz~ iB –kzgEj~i|u|‗ ~Ha~C`ju|, 87;5

H~~}isgahuj`w <>? h`` ucj |haj g||zj b}ia Dhfzh}w 87;5 bjhuz}gfk [hwfj if

ucj lirj} hfe hf gf|gej h}ugl`j {}guujf mw cga hmizu ‐U}zj Liz}hkj?‑ ciz|je

gf ucjg} i}gkgfh` |cg~~gfk mis hee}j||je ui [hwfj&

^ha~c`ju4 ; 8)=‑ s :‑ Mis4 5‑ s 3‑ s :‑

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

55252 H z|L!}j`HujE u}grju, 872>

Ahej ib lj}hagl iluhkifh` gf |ch~j ujsu if b}ifu }jhe| gf ~h}u ‐Ucj

^}j|gejfu‗| Lg}l`j ) H`zafg Bzfe ) Dicf [hwfj ) Gfrj|ui},‑ miuuia ~}gfuje

{guc ahoj}‗| ah}o ‐B}hflg|lhf Cj}ai|h&‑

2 8)=‑ s 2 8)=‑

jh4 %=:!%:>

5525; H agfgHuz}j aiEj` iB H EL!8> Hg}~`Hfj, 87;=

Ahej ib {iie ~hgfuje |gej ib ~`hfj }jhe| ‐Dicf [hwfj Hg}`gfj,‑ hbbgsje uimh|j {guc ~`hlh}e }jhegfk ‐Ezoj ) Cj}j g| wiz} i{f EL!8> ) Ojf Mizlcj} )

Ahw 87;=,‑ ciz|je gf gu| i{f {iiejf mis&

Aiej`4 8<‑ s 8=‑ s :‑? Mis4 7‑ s 8:‑ s 85‑

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

55253 H u}i~Cw HfE ~jf CiÈj}, 87;>

Ucj bg}|u ~}j|jfuje ui Dicf [hwfj? b}ia ucj Mim AlK}huc Gfrguhugifh` M}gekj

Uiz}fhajfu bi} mjgfk h ‐]zffj}!Z~?‑ ucj |jlife h ej|o ~jf cièj} |ju {guc

huuhlcje ~`hlh}e }jhegfk ‐Lia~`gajfu| ib ) Haj}glhf Lih` Lia~hfw ) Gu‗|

K}jhu ui mj hf Haj}glhf&‑

3‑ s 8=‑ s 2‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=>>!%<>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <>7

55257 H k}iz~ iB kikk`j|, 87:>!87;>

Biz} uiuh`? gfl`zegfk4 uc}jj ~hg}| ib î`h}ige H``!^z}~i|j kikk`j| {guc ucjg}

i}gkgfh` lìuc lh|j| hfe ifj ~hg} ib |{ga kikk`j|? uikjucj} {guc h ~hg} ib

mgfilz`h}| {guc ucjg} m`hlo `jhucj} lh|j? |iaj ~i||gm`w z|je gf bgà|&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

552:> H `H}kj LHfu jjf, Lg}LH 87:>

Ahej ib ajuh` {guc h m`zj m}i{f hfe wj`ì{ |u}g~je bhm}gl lirj}gfk hfe h

lhfrh| |u}h~ |l}j{ ui~ }jhe| ‐Miwli?‑ ~i||gm`w z|je gf h bgà&

Eghajuj}4 88‑

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

552:8 uC}jj [Hògfk

|ugLo|, 87:>!87;>

H`` ahej ib {iie? gfl`zegfk h

eh}o m}i{f \cg``j`hkc #ag||gfk gu|

jfe ug~' h lhfj {guc h m}h|| jfe

ug~ hfe h m`hlo \cg``j`hkc {guc h

m}h|| jfe ug~&

@jfkuc4 5=‑ hfe |ci}uj}

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

552:= H ofgkCu Bgkz}gfj , 872>

Ahej ib ajuh` ~hgfuje m`hlo

cjàju ch| airjhm`j ~h}u| |cgjè

}jhe| ‐5>=: UC,‑ aizfuje ui h

|xzh}j!|ch~je mh|j& #^`jh|j fiuj

u{i ~h}u| h}j fi{ zfhuuhlcje mzu

lhf `goj`w mj }j~hg}je&'

8;‑ s :‑ s :‑

jh4 %=:!%:>



<8> Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

552:< H k}iz~ iB aiEj`|, 872>!87;> Ucj bg}|u h ugf ìliaiugrj {guc hf huuhlcje az|gl mis uchu ~`hw| –G‗rj Mjjf

[i}ogfk if ucj ]hg`}ihe?‗ ucj |jlife |uw`je h| hf iè!bh|cgifje {iiejf

M}gug|c lhffif? ucj ucg}e h {iiejf |uhkjlihlc {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}?

ucj biz}uc h ajuh` –Mgk Mhfk Ahdi} Bgjè Lhffif‗ uchu hluzh``w bg}j| {cjf

ìheje gfl`zeje {guc gu| i}gkgfh` mis&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

552:5 u[i Bzf [H`` CHfkgfk|, 872>

Ucj bg}|u ahej ib ~hgfuje ajuh` gf ucj bi}a ib h 87=>|!j}h hzuiaimg`j

|uha~je if ucj mhlo ‐\jsuif ) Z\H,‑ gfl`zeje {guc h ~ciuili~gje ~hkj

|ci{gfk ci{ [hwfj i}ej}je ucg| ~gjlj b}ia L}jhugrj Ciz|j ib Ohf|h| Lguw

AI if Dz`w =8 8727? ucj |jlife ahej ib ~j{uj} hfe liì}je k`h|| gf ucj

bi}a ib h ìliaiugrj&

2‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=:!%:>

552:: H mi[` HfE ~`Huj Eg|~` Hw, 87;<

Ahej ib ~i}lj`hgf ~hgfuje {guc limhù hfe =5 oh}hu kiè cgkc`gkcu| mi{`

eg|~`hw| hf jhk`j gf ljfuj} hfe u{i if jgucj} |gej h| chfe`j| ~`huj eg|~`hw|

hf Haj}glhf b`hk gf ljfuj} {guc ujsu }jhegfk ‐Ucj Zfguje \uhuj| ib Haj}glh

) Ifj Fhugif Zfej} Kie,‑ mhlo ib ~`huj }jhe| gf ~h}u ‐^`huj Fi& >35>&&&ib

<>>>&&&Ahej gf [j|uj}f Kj}ahfw&&&C&C& @gc| Ga~i}u| ) @ifk Mjhlc, Lh`gb&?‑

gfl`zeje {guc |ah`` {iiejf ~`huj |uhfe&

Mi{`4 7 8)=‑ s 88‑ s 7‑? ^`huj4 7 8)=‑

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

552:2 u[i Lzuj Bgkz}gfj|, 87;>

Ahej ib lj}hagl? ucj bg}|u h miw li{miw |gkfje if ucj miuuia ‐Ui Ezoj )

@irj Diwlj?‑ ucj |jlife h miw hrghui} {guc ujsu if cg| kikk`j| }jhegfk ‐Dicf

) G @irj Wiz‑ hfe if cg| ~}i~j``j} ‐B`wgfk @jhucj}fjlo|&‑

Cjgkcu4 88‑

jh4 %=:!%:>

552:; H |jHkz`` |Lz`~uz}j, 872>

U{i mg}e| ahej ib }j|gf hbbgsje ui h ~gjlj ib e}gbu{iie mw ajuh` }ie|

jhlc mg}e |gkfje ‐Uj}}w?‑ b}ia ucj bhag`w }iia gf ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

#^`jh|j fiuj ifj ib ucj {gfk| |ci{| imrgiz| }j~hg} {i}o&'

H~~}isgahuj`w4 82‑ s 85‑ s ;‑ s 2‑

jh4 %:>!%;:



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <88

552:3 H Li``jLu gif iB |jH |Cj``|, 872>

H rh}gjuw ib egbbj}jfu ogfe| gfl`zeje {guc h bj{ ah}m`j jkk| hfe }ilo|? h``

ciz|je {gucgf h ah}m`j mi{` gf ucj bi}a ib h `h}kj lilo`j|cj``&

Mi{`4 88‑ s 8>‑ s =‑

jh4 %=>!%5>

552:7 u[i B}ik Bgkz}gfj|, 87;>

Ucj bg}|u ifj `h}kj ahej ib lj}hagl ~hgfuje `gaj k}jjf? ucj |jlife ifj

|ah`` ahej ib ~i}lj`hgf |ugloj} if miuuia }jhe| ‐BB ) Dh~hf,‑ |ug`` gf gu|

i}gkgfh` mis&

8>‑ s 8:‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

5522> u[i ~gjLj| iB uz}xzig|j, 872>

Ucj bg}|u ifj gf ucj bi}a ib h b}ik? ucj |jlife gf gu| fhuz}h` |uhuj&

:‑ s <‑ s 8 8)=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

55228 H `H}kj Lj}HagL rj ||j`, 87;>

Gf ucj bi}a ib u {i {cga|glh` mg}e!`goj l}jhuz}j| {guc h {cguj k`htj |ugloj}

if |gej }jhe| ‐Fjgahf!Ah}lz| ) Ahej gf Guh`w&‑

H~~}isgahuj`w4 8;‑ s 83‑ s 85‑

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

5522= H –u}zj k}gu‗ aiz|j i}fHajf u, 87;>

Chfe!ahej ib bjù hfe bhm}gl ej~glugfk ucj ugfw l}jhuz}j {jh}gfk [j|uj}f

kh}m hfe hf jwj ~hulc huuhlcje g| h chfe{}guujf uhk }jhegfk ‐U}zj K}gu| ) ib

) h`` hmizu lc}g|uah| ) `h aj|h, lh&‑

Cjgkcu4 <‑

jh4 %8>!%8:



<8= Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

5522< Hf zk`w j`B Ei``, 872>

Ahej ib }zmmj} {guc bhm}gl lìucgfk hfe lh~&

Cjgkcu4 8;‑

jh4 %=:!%:>

55225 H Li``jLugif iB –HfgaH`‗ Bgkz}gfj|, 872> !87;>

\gsujjf uiuh`? gfl`zegfk4 8' h m}iftj Eimj}ahf ^gf|lcj}? =' hfiucj} gejfuglh`

ifj? <' h {iiejf `gif? 5' h uj}}h liuuh mz``? :' h lìg|iffç bg|c? 2' h ah}m`j

i{` cjhe? ;' h ajuh` aiz|j if h @zlguj mìlo ib lcjj|j? 3' h mgfej} l`g~

{guc h }ii|uj} gahkj if gu? 7' h }j|gf ezlo if h {iiejf |uhfe? 8>' h }j|gf

|jhkz`` if h ~gjlj ib e}gbu{iie? 88' hfiucj} |gag`h} ifj? 8=' hfiucj} |gag`h}

ifj? 8<' hfiucj} |gag`h} ifj? 85' h ajuh` lhf i~jfj} gf ucj bi}a ib h bg|c?

8:' h ajuh` ezlo cjhe `juuj} l`g~? hfe 82' hfiucj} |gag`h} ifj? gfl`zeje g|

ucj i}gkgfh` lhuhìkzj ~hkj {cj}j [hwfj lg}l`je ucj ezlo cjhe `juuj} l`g~

hfe {}iuj ‐<,‑ h| {j`` h| ucj ~ciuili~gje i}ej} bi}a |ci{gfk {chu j`|j cj

mizkcu uchu ehw ib Dhfzh}w == 8727&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

5522: H Li``jLugif iB uLCiuLCoj|, 872>

J`jrjf |ah`` guja| li``jluje mw i} kgrjf ui [hwfj gfl`zegfk4 8' h m}i{f

lj}hagl Fhugrj Haj}glhf –~gkkw‗ mhfo? =' h m}h|| hflci} ~h~j}{jgkcu?

<' h @zlguj mis eg|~`hwgfk agfghuz}j li{miw bgkz}gfj|? 5' h {iiejf hfe

ajuh` l}zlgbgs? :' h ~h~gj}!aílcç bgkz}gfj ib h miw hfe eik? 2' h lj}hagl

l}jhaj}? ;' h ahulcgfk lj}hagl |zkh} mi{`? 3' h @zlguj mìlo ~h~j}{jgkcu

{guc ujsu jfk}hrje gf|gej }jhegfk ‐Ucj \z~j} Liajew Mi{` ) Haj}glhf

Aiui}|![j``|, ]glc K}jjfj?‑ 7' h ah}m`j ~h~j}{jgkcu {guc h ~`hlh}e }jhegfk

‐Hkfj{ ) H||ilghuj|?‑ 8>' h lj}hagl m}gekj #bi} h bg|c uhfo'? hfe 88' h

agfghuz}j uiw kzf&

Rh}giz| \gtj|

jh4 %=:!%:>

55222 |gs Li``jLugm`j|, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h lj}hagl mjj} |ujgf ahej gf [j|u Kj}ahfw? =' h {cga|glh`

lj}hagl rh|j ahej gf Dh~hf? <' h k`h|| –|cg~ gf h miuu`j?‗ 5' h lj}hagl

–Xzjjf J`gthmjuc \g`rj} Dzmg`jj‗ libbjj lz~? :' h lj}hagl –\hf Khm}gj` Rh``jw

Lizflg`)Uiz}fhajfu ib ]i|j|‗ libbjj lz~? hfe 2' h |ah`` l`hw rh|j ahej gf

K}jjlj&

82‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=>>!%<>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <8<

5522; uC}jj ajuH` Li``jLugm`j|, 872>

Ucj bg}|u h uc}jj!egajf|gifh` {h`` chfkgfk ej~glugfk hf izueii} lhbj? ucj

|jlife h b}jj!|uhfegfk |lz`~uz}j ej~glugfk h {gfeag`` {guc hf huuhlcje

az|gl mis uchu ~`hw| –[gfeag``| ib Wiz} Agfe?‗ ucj ucg}e h u{i!egajf|gifh`

{h`` chfkgfk uchu }jhe| ‐H Ogfe [i}e&‑

8:‑ s 87‑ s ;‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

55223 |jrjf EjLi}Hugrj mi[`| HfE ~`Huj|, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h lj}hagl mi{` ~hgfuje {guc h Rg}ki |wami` _^g`h} [hwfj‗|

|gkfQ? =' h lj}hagl mi{` ~hgfuje {guc h Kjagfg |wami` _[hwfj‗| |gkfQ?

<' h ~i}lj`hgf ~`huuj} ~hgfuje {guc h bg|c? 5' h |xzh}j!|ch~je li~~j} hfe

ug`j ~`huj ej~glugfk biz} bgkz}j|? :' h ~i}lj`hgf ~`huj ~hgfuje {guc Uizlhf|?

2' h |xzh}j!|ch~je lj}hagl eg|c ~hgfuje gf czj| ib k}jjf hfe m}i{f? hfe

;' h }jluhfkz`h}!|ch~je {iiejf ~`huj {guc gahkj| ib mg}e|&

8<‑ s 3‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55227 H k}iz~ iB [H`` CHfkgfk|, 87;>

\gs uiuh`? gfl`zegfk4 8' h lg}lz`h} {iiejf ~`hxzj kgbuje b}ia ucj ]iwh`

Lhfheghf Aizfuje î`glj gf 87;; #h| gfeglhuje if ucj mhlo'? =' h m}iftj

~`huj lh``je ‐@hfegfk ib Li`zamz|‑ b}haje gf h |chei{mis gfl`zeje {guc

h –Lj}ugbglhuj ib Hzucjfuglguw‗ ehuje 87;=? <' hf irh`!|ch~je {iie lh}rgfk

ej~glugfk h ~h|ui}h` |ljfj kgbuje mw gu| h}ug|u gf 87;5? 5' h {iiejf hfe

ajuh` {i}o ej~glugfk Ucj @h|u \z~~j}? :' h l`hw ~gjlj ej~glugfk u{i hflgjfu

Jkw~ughf bgkz}j|? hfe 2' h {iiejf mis {guc ajuh` `juuj}| |~j``gfk izu ‐U}z|u

Jrj}wifj ) Mzu Lzu ) Ucj Lh}e|&‑

88‑ s 82‑ s :‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

552;> H k}iz~ iB Ciz|jCiÈ guja|, 872>

Biz} uiuh`? h ajuh` libbjj z}f? h mh} `ha~ gf ucj bi}a ib h u}hbbgl `gkcu #|ug`` gf

gu| i}gkgfh` mis'? h ajuh` glj mzloju? hfe h m}h|| ahkhtgfj }hlo gf ucj bi}a

ib h |ci~~gfk mhk {guc chfe`j|&

82‑ s 8<‑ s ;‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=>>!%<>>




552;8 Biz} ~gjLj| iB jxzg~ajfu, 872> !87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 hf j`jlu}gl ciu ~`huj h egkguh` {i}è ugaj lìlo h k}jjf ajuh`

lh}u}gekj lh|j hfe h ~i}uhm`j j`jlu}gl |~hlj cjhuj} |ug`` gf gu| i}gkgfh`

|cg~~gfk mis&

2‑ s 8=‑ s 8=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

552;= H k}iz~ iB }z|ugL mi[` |, 872>

Gfl`zegfk4 h `h}kj mi{` {guc h ajuh` }ga bgbujjf |ah``j} mi{`| hfe h

agfghuz}j mh}}j` {guc h ajuh` chfe`j? uikjucj} {guc h ai}j }jbgfje mi{` gf

ucj bi}a ib hf irj}|gtje `jhb&

85‑ s 85‑ s 2‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

552;< uC}jj Lj}HagL rj||j`|, 872>

Ucj bg}|u hf imìfk i}hfkj eg|c {guc ejli}hugrj ejuhg`gfk if ucj |gej|? ucj

|jlife h }izfe wj`ì{ mi{`? ucj ucg}e h }jluhfkz`h} ahzrj eg|c |uha~je if

ucj miuuia ‐Ahej gf Dh~hf&‑

82‑ s 7‑ s <‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

552;5 H BHfLw ~i}Lj`Hgf DH}, 87:>

Ej~glugfk uc}jj!egajf|gifh` fzej bgkz}gfj| b}i`glogfk h}izfe ucj mh|j {cg`j

h bjah`j hfe hfkj` bgkz}gfj }j|u if ucj `ge? b}ia h mje}iia gf ucj Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc ciaj&

H~~}isgahuj`w4 8=‑ s ;‑ s 2‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

552;: H |uj}` gfk |g`rj} }iuH}w EgH` uj`j~Cifj, 87=>

H Mhoj`guj uj`j~cifj ahej mw Oj`ìkk \{gulcmih}e " \z~~`w Lia~hfw ib

Lcglhki {guc h ejli}hugrj |uj}`gfk |g`rj} irj}`hw bjhuz}gfk jfk}hrje bì{j}|

hfe }je hfe k}jjf }cgfj|uifj| #|iaj fi{ ag||gfk' fiu gf {i}ogfk lifegugif

mzu lizè `goj`w mj }j~hg}je ,7 if egh` lcg~~je h{hw {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w

|ugloj}&

H~~}isgahuj`w4 :‑ s 2‑ s 7‑

jh4 %5>>!%2>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <8:

552;2 H Li``jLug if iB Egaj|, 875>!8725

H~~}isgahuj`w %<>> {i}uc ib egaj| b}ia ucj wjh}| {cjf ucjw {j}j ahej ib

7>* |g`rj} hfe 8>* li~~j}? ai|u ib ucja }i``je gf %: ligf {}h~~j}|&

jh4 %<>>!%<=:

552;; uC}jj ofiuu w ~ gfj o`jjfjs misj|, 87:>

H`` h}j chfe!ahej? u{i h}j gf|l}gmje if ucj miuuia ‐Aj}}w Sah| ) b}ia

]jffglo‗| ) 87:5?‑ ifj g| gf|l}gmje ‐Ahej mw ) ]jffglo ) @H, Lh`gb ) Ahw 83,

87:: ) CL&‑

: 8)=‑ s 8> 8)=‑ s 5‑

[hwfj che ahfw ~gjlj| ib bz}fguz}j gf cg| ciz|j uchu {j}j ahej mw

]jffglo‗|&

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

552;3 H k}iz~ iB rgfuHkj Lìu Cj| CHfkj}|, 87:> !87;>

\gsujjf uiuh` h`` ahej ib {iie #jslj~u ifj' b}ia rh}giz| ~`hlj| ~hu}ifgtje

mw [hwfj gfl`zegfk #gf h`~chmjuglh` i}ej}'4 Hlhejaw H{h}e Lìucj|!@i|Hfkj`j| Ucj Hamh||hei} Ciuj`!@i| Hfkj`j| Ucj Mjrj}`w Cg``| Ciuj` Eizh}u

Lia~hfw!@i| Hfkj`j| Jeegj \lcageu _uhgì} ui ucj |uh}|Q Ciuj` Mhaj}!

Ajsgli Lguw Ciuj` ]gut!Mh}ljìfh Oì~bjf|ujgf|!\jhuu`j!Uhliah!Hflci}hkj

Ucj ^gj}}j hfe |gs b}ia \w Ejri}j _uhgì} ui ucj |uh}|Q&

3‑ s 82‑

jh4 %=:!%:>

552;7 H |ju iB –ojfuzLow Ej}mw‗ jH}uCjf[H}j, 87;:!87;2

Ahej ui liaajai}huj ucj bhaiz| ci}|j }hlj? ~gjlj| gfl`zej h ejlhfuj}

h {huj} ~gulcj} hfe ujf e}gfogfk k`h||j|? jhlc ~gjlj g| chfe~hgfuje {guc

egbbj}jfu gahkj| ib jgucj} h }hlj ci}|j ucj –Mj``j ib @izg|rg``j‗ |ujha|cg~ h

^jkh|z| ci}|j i} ciu hg} mh`ìif|? jhlc ~gjlj h`|i |uha~je if miuuia gf

~h}u ‐@izg|rg``j \uifj{h}j Li& ) Ahej gf Ojfuzlow ) Z&\&H&‑

8=‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>




5523> Bgrj ~ gjLj| iB k}jjf k`H||)jH}uCjf[H}j, 872>

Gfl`zegfk u{i gejfuglh` kim`ju| h rh|j #lj}hagl' h {gfj ejlhfuj} hfe

hfiucj} rh|j {guc ejli}hugrj {cguj hfe kiè!~hgfuje hlljfu|? gfl`zeje g|

h ~ciuili~gje eilzajfu |ci{gfk ci{ [hwfj i}ej}je ucj ejlhfuj} if Dz`w

=7 8727&

85‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8>>!%=>>

55238 Bgrj ~gjLj| iB k`H||[H}j, 87:>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 h agò miuu`j h ejlhfuj} h {gfj lh}hbj b}ia Kgzah}}h Rgfjwh}e|

_gf ljfu}h` LHQ h rh|j hfe hf irj}|gtje kim`ju&

Cjgkcu4 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %8>>!%=>>

5523= H |ju iB LC}g|uaH| ì[mH`` LiLouHg` k`H||j|, 872>

U{j`rj uiuh`? {guc jhlc ifj chrgfk h egbbj}jfu julcje ej~glugif hfe ujsu if

ucj b}ifu }j`hugfk ui ucj – U{j`rj Ehw| ib Lc}g|uah|‗ lh}i`&

Cjgkcu4 5‑

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

5523< H k}iz~ iB ì[mH`` LiLouHg` k`H||j |, 872>

\gsujjf uiuh`? {guc h {cguj ~`h|ugl } jairhm̀ j miuuia |uha~je ‐Ej|gkfj}

Li``jlugif ) mw Ehrge Eizk`h| ) Ahej ib Kjfzgfj Hllh`hl&‑

Cjgkcu4 5‑

jh4 %:>!%;:

55235 H Li``jLugif iB ~j}}gj}, 87;>

Ujf miuu`j| ib ucj bhflw {huj} biz} {guc lz|uiagtje `hmj`| }jhegfk ‐=> Wjh}

Iè ) ^j}}gj} ) \j`jluje bi} ucj Ci`gehw ^`jh|z}j ) ib ) Dicf [hwfj ) mw ) A}&

hfe A}|& Di|j~c EjB}hfli?‑ jrgejfu`w h dioj b}ia ifj ib [hwfj‗| b}gjfe|&Jhlc Miuu`j Cjgkcu4 8>‑

EG\L@HGAJ]4

Ucg| {huj} g| mjgfk |iè h| h li``jlugm`j hfe gu |cizè FIU mj lif|zaje mw

czahf| i} hfgah`|&

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

5523: H agfgHuz}j Ci}|j LH}HrHf |Lz`~u z}j, 87;>

Ahej ib }j|gf hfe iucj} ahuj}gh`| ej~glugfk u{jfuw ci}|j| ~z``gfk uc}jjlh}ki {hkif| h| h ìfj li{miw lifu}i`| ucj ujha& #^`jh|j fiuj ifj ci}|j

fjje| ui mj }j!hbbgsje ui mh|j&'

H~~}isgahuj`w4 58‑ s :‑ s 2‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <8;

55232 H Ci}|j LH}HrHf |Lz`~ uz}j, 87;7

Ahej ib {iie chfe!~hgfuje ej~glugfk u{i li{miw| e}grgfk h |uhkjlihlc

{guc h ujha ib |gs ci}|j|? ~`hlh}e if b}ifu }jhe| ‐\~jlgh` [iie Lh}rgfk bi}

) Dicf –Ezoj‗ [hwfj ) {guc K}jhu Heag}hugif ) Mw I|lh} A& Li}uj| H~}g` =<,

87;7?‑ kgbuje ui [hwfj mw h bhf&

57‑ s 8=‑ s 8:‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

5523; u[i [i}o| iB H}u, 87;>

Ucj bg}|u h ~}gfu ib Fi}ahf ]ilo{j``‗| ~hgfugfk ugu`je ‐\uhkjlihlc?‑ ucj

|jlife h k`h|| julcgfk l}jhuje mw hfiucj} h}ug|u mh|je if ]ilo{j``‗| {i}o?

miuc kgbuje ui [hwfj mw bhf|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj

iucj} ~gjlj&'

B}haje4 87‑ s <=‑? [i}o If`w4 8=‑ s =:‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55233 Hf jfi}aiz| ~}gfu, 87;>

]jfej}je if mih}e ui |gaz`huj hf ig` ~hgfugfk ej~glugfk h |uhkjlihlc {guc

li{miw| hfe ci}|j| ~}gfuje gf ì{j} `jbu li}fj} ‐[&A& Rj}ezù‑ _h @hkzfh

Mjhlc Lh`gbi}fgh h}ug|uQ bz}ucj} gfbi}ahugif hmizu h}ug|u k`zje ui ucj mhlo&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 <=‑ s :2‑? [i}o If`w4 =5‑ s 53‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55237 |jrjf ag|Lj``Hfjiz| B}HajE guja|, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~}gfu ib ucj }hg|gfk ib ucj b`hk hu G{i Dgah? =' h `juuj})~ija mw

H&L& Bgbgjè? <' h ~}gfu ib h ahf hfe h kihu? 5' h ~}gfu ib h e}h{gfk)~ija?

:' hf 8325 chfe{}guujf `juuj} b}ia h ~}g|ifj} ui cg| |g|uj}? 2' h ~hkj ib

i}gkgfh` |cjju az|gl b}ia –\ifk ib ucj Miamh}egj}|‗ |gkfje ui Mim Bj`ì{|_[hwfj‗| ifj!ugaj mz|gfj|| ~h}ufj}Q mw ucj lia~i|j}| Dhlo \lcj`` hfe A&O&

Dj}iaj? hfe ;' h ~hkj ui}f izu ib h ahkhtgfj |ci{gfk h {iahf h Misj}

eik hfe ucj mhlo ib h ci}|j {guc [hwfj‗| chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif gf ~jflg`

}jhegfk ‐Dhlo ) G ucizkcu [h}e ) }hg|je Lcj|h~jhoj|‑ ― ucg| `h|u ~gjlj

}j`huje ui h }zffgfk dioj mju{jjf [hwfj hfe Dicf Bi}e {cj}j ucjw {izè

|jfe jhlc iucj} gahkj| ib ci}|j|‗ h||j| {guc h bzffw }jah}o hmizu [h}e

Mife& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

B}haje #[guc \iaj Ahuuje'4 =>‑ s 8;‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

5527> Biz} fHugrj Haj}gLHf!uCjajE ~}gfu|, 872>

H`` }j~}iezlugif ~}gfu| ib {i}o| mw uz}f!ib!ucj!ljfuz}w [j|uj}f h}ug|u L&A&

]z||j``? jhlc ej~glu| Fhugrj Haj}glhf| hfe ucjg} ci}|j| izu gf fhuz}j {guc

ifj |ci{gfk li{miw| if ucjg} ci}|j|? h`` b}haj| chrj e}g``je ci`j| {cglc

gfeglhuj ucjw {j}j eg|~`hwje hmih}e ucj –[gè Kii|j&‗ #^`jh|j ki ui iz}

{jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 82‑ s =>‑? [i}o| If`w4 7‑ s 8<‑

jh4 %=>>!%=:>




55278 Bgrj fHugrj Haj}gLHf!uCjajE ~gjLj| iB H}u, 87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' hf hl}w`gl if `jhucj} ~hgfugfk ib \gizs Lcgjb L}htw Ci}|j?

=' h ~}gfu ib h Fhugrj Haj}glhf? <' h e}h{gfk ib h Fhugrj Haj}glhf? 5' h ~}gfu

ib Fhugrj Haj}glhf| if ci}|j|? hfe :' h e}h{gfk ib h Fhugrj Haj}glhf? h``

|gkfje mw ucj h}ug|u|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj}

~gjlj|&'

H`` B}haje4 <8‑ s =2‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

5527= H ~}gfu, 872>

Ej~glugfk h li{miw gf }j~i|j h}ug|u fhaj gf ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} g``jkgm`j gf

hf j`hmi}huj kgù b}haj&

B}haje4 <3‑ s 57‑? [i}o If`w4 =7‑ s 5>‑

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

5527< Biz} Ci}|j!}j`HujE [i}o| iB H}u, 87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~}gfu ej~glugfk ci}|j| gf ucj aizfuhgf|? =' h ci}|j‗| cjhe

lia~i|je ib hluzh` xzh}uj}| ehugfk b}ia ucj 872>|!87;>|? <' h ~jflg` if

~h~j} e}h{gfk ib h ci}|j? hfe 5' h chfe!uii`je `jhucj} ~gjlj ej~glugfk u{i

ci}|j| bgkcugfk? h`` |gkfje& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj

iucj} ~gjlj|&'

B}haje4 8;‑ s <8‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55275 |jrj f Haj}gLHf!uCjajE ~gjLj| iB H}u, 87;>Gfl`zegfk4 8' \cjju az|gl bi} ucj |ifk –\cj [h| Ifj ib ucj Jh}`w Mg}e|?‗

=' h ~i|uj} ib Z&\& b`hk|? <' h }j~}iezlugif ib ucj –Fj{ Wi}o Cj}hè‗ b}ia

832: }jkh}egfk @gfli`f‗| h||h||gfhugif? 5' hf ‐h}ug|ugl‑ ~h}ugh` li~w ib

ucj Kjuuw|mz}k Hee}j||? :' hf ‐h}ug|ugl‑ ~h}ugh` li~w ib ucj Lif|uguzu gif?

2' h |cjju ib |uha~| b}ia 87;2? hfe ;' h li~w ib ucj Ejl`h}hugif ib

Gfej~jfejflj& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

H`` B}haje4 <>‑ s =:‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <87

5527: H |ju iB ag` guH}w!uCjajE ~}gfu|, 87;>\gs uiuh`? h`` ej~glugfk rh}giz| gahkj| ib Rgjufha!j}h |iègj}| #i} ucjg}

kjh}' fjsu ui ujsu }j`hugfk ui ucj gahkj}w |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj}

‐Kji}kj U& Jcw~jlc 7)8>?‑ uikjucj} {guc ifj |gag`h} ~}gfu mw |haj h}ug|u mzu

h~~jh}gfk ui mj b}ia h egbbj}jfu |j}gj|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj

gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 =>‑ s 85 8)=‑? [i}o If`w4 8:‑ s 88‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55272 Hf ig` ~Hgfugfk, 872>]jfej}je if lhfrh| ej~glugfk h Û Mihu ib [[GG |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu

li}fj} ‐[g``gha @zfek}jf,‑ ~`hlh}e if b}ifu }jhe| gf ~h}u ‐^}j|jfuje ui

) Dicf –Ezoj‗ [hwfj&&&) 8727,‑ {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}? uikjucj} {guc

h ~}gfu ib h |hg`mihu hfe h m`hlo hfe {cguj ~ciuik}h~c ib h mihu lh``je

–\cjfhfeihc&‗ #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 8;‑ s =5‑? [i}o If`w4 88 8)=‑ s 83 8)=‑ #iucj} u{i

|ah``j}'

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

5527; u[i ~}gfu|, 872>

Ucj bg}|u ej~glu| u{i ajf hu |jh z|gfk gf|u}zajfu|? ucj |jlife ej~glu| u{i

ajf gf h bg|cgfk mihu {guc ucj ehw‗| lhulc&

B}haje4 =5‑ s <>‑? [i}o If`w4 83‑ s =5‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

55273 Biz} kirj}fajfu!}j` HujE [i}o| iB H}u, 87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~}gfu }j`huje ui ucj LGH {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}? =' h ~}gfu

ib h bgkcuj} ~`hfj kgbuje ui [hwfj b}ia ucj Z&\& Hg} Bi}lj –L`h|| ib 87;7?‗ <'

hfiucj} |gag`h} ~}gfu? hfe 5' h ~ciui!li``hkj kgbuje ui [hwfj b}ia ucj RAHU

8>=& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

B}haje4 <:‑ s 58‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>



<=> Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55277 Biz} [i}o| iB H}u, 872> !87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h {huj}liì} if ~h~j} ~hgfugfk ej~glugfk h |ui}aw |ow? =' h

~}gfu ib h m}gekj? <' hf ig` if mih}e ~hgfugfk ej~glugfk lcgè}jf gf h bgjè

ib bì{j}|? hfe 5' h }j~}iezlugif ~}gfu ib Hfe}j{ [wjuc‗| bhaiz| ~hgfugfk

–Lc}g|ugfh‗| [i}è?‗ u{i |gkfje& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib

ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

B}haje4 ==‑ s =7‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55;>> uC}jj ~Hgfugfk|, 872>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' hf ig` if lhfrh| ej~glugfk hm|u}hlu wj`ì{ gahkj| =' hf ig` if

lhfrh| ej~glugfk hf ga~}j||gifg|ugl ~i}u |ljfj? hfe <' h kizhlcj if mih}e

ej~glugfk {cguj hfe m}i{f gahkj|? h`` |gkfje& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui

|jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

B}haje4 =:‑ s <2‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55;>8 u[i ig` ~Hgfugfk|, 872=

Miuc }jfej}je if lhfrh|? ucj bg} |u ej~glu| h |ug`` ̀ gb j |gkfje gf ucj ̀ i{j}

}gkcu li}fj} ‐Ah}lchfe,‑ mhlo ib b}haj |uha~je ‐Kh`j}gj ej Rg``j ) 7>83

Mjrj}`w Miz`jrh}e ) @i| Hfkj`j|, 53, Lh`gbi}fgh ) L]j|urgj{ :!<;<?‑ ucj

|jlife ej~glu| u}jj| gf h bgjè zf|gkfje mzu h~~jh}gfk ui mj mw |haj h}ug|u?

gfl`zeje g| h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj ib [hwfj‗| wizfkj|u ehzkcuj} Ah}g|h

|uhfegfk fjsu ui ucj |ug`` `gbj gf ucj `grgfk }iia ib ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

8>‑ s 3‑

jh4 %=>>!%<>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <=8

55;>= uC}jj [i}o| iB H}u|, 872> !87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' hf ig` if lhfrh| ~hgfugfk ej~glugfk h ~z`` lh}u gf h bgjè |gkfjegf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐K&L& \uzh}u –;7?‑ =' h ~}gfu ej~glugfk ezlo| if

h ~ife mw D& Rhf Ci{e? hfe <' h |ug`` `gbj |gkfje gf ucj z~~j} }gkcu li}fj}

‐Ah}lchfe?‑ h`` b}ia ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui


B}haje4 <=‑ s 5:‑? [i}o If`w4 =<‑ s <;‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

55;>< Bgrj ~gjLj | iB H}u, 872>!87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' hf ig` if lhfrh| ~hgfugfk ib h u}i~glh` |juugfk? =' hf ig` if

mih}e ib h mh}f? <' h ~}gfu ib u{i bgkz}j|? 5' h ~jf hfe gfo e}h{gfk ib h

aiucj} hfe cj} ehzkcuj}|? hfe :' hf ig` if mih}e ib h |u}jju |ljfj? biz}

|gkfje& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

B}haje4 85‑ s =8‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

55;>5 uC}jj Hg} mH`ìif ~}gfu|, 872>

]j~}iezlugif| b}ia ucj i}gkgfh` 8;3: gahkj|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui


B}haje4 8>‑ s 3‑

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

55;>: H DH~Hfj|j ~Hgfugfk, j} H zfofi[f

]jfej}je if |gò ej~glugfk h Dh~hfj|j ahf {jh}gfk h }je ogaifi? b}ia

ucj `grgfk }iia gf ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj& #^`jh|j fiuj ucg| ~gjlj g| fi{

b}hkg`j hfe |z|uhgf| {huj} ehahkj&'

B}haje4 ;=‑ s 5<‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>



<== Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55;>2 H uCHg aH`j B gkz}gfj

Ahej ib {iie {guc }jafhfu| ib liì}je k`h|| gf`hw| hfe ~hgfu& #^`jh|j fiuj

ucg| ~gjlj g| fi{ gf b}hkg`j lifegugif&'

<3‑ s 87‑ s <‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55;>; H k}iz~ iB EjLi}Hugrj H|gHf gu ja|, 87:>

Gfl`zegfk4 h ~hgfuje {iiejf mis uchu i~jf| ui }jrjh` h {iiejf |uhuzjuuj

h~~jh}gfk ui mj ucj Aheiffh hfe Lcgè? h |ah`` {iiejf biiuje mis {guc h

chfe~hgfuje ~h|ui}h` |ljfj if h`` |gej|? hfe biz} chfe~hgfuje ~h~j} bhf|

{guc {iiejf chfe`j|? h`` `goj`w ~z}lch|je mw [hwfj {cg`j rg|gugfk Dh~hf&

#^`jh|j fiuj ucj u{i {iiejf guja| h}j gf rj}w ~ii} lifegugif hfe fjje

}j~hg} {i}o&'

Rh}giz| \gtj|

jh4 %8>>!%=>>

55;>3 jgkCu DH~Hfj|j [iiEjf |xzH}j|, 87:>

^hgfuje m`hlo {guc Dh~hfj|j lch}hluj}| lh}rje if miuc ucj b}ifu hfe mhlo

|gej| z|j zfofi{f? `goj`w ~z}lch|je mw [hwfj {cg`j rg|gugfk Dh~hf& #^`jh|j

fiuj ucj}j g| uj}aguj ehahkj hfe lcg~~gfk if ai|u&'

Jhlc Ifj4 88‑ s 8<‑

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

55;>7 u[i DH~Hfj|j EjLi}Hugrj BiÈgfk |L}jjf|,

Lg}LH `Huj 83>>

Ucj bg}|u gf |gs |j~h}huj ~hfj`| b}haje gf {iie ~hgfuje {guc mjhzugbz`

gahkj| ib l}hfj| hfe {cguj }je hfe ~gfo bì{j}|? ucj |jlife |gag`h} mzu

~hgfuje {guc gahkj| ib aizfuhgf| h ciz|j bì{j}| u}jj| hfe |ah`` mg}e|?

miuc |ju| mizkcu mw [hwfj if h u}g~ ui Dh~hf hfe eg|~`hwje gf cg| egfgfk

}iia gf ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj& #^`jh|j fiuj miuc |l}jjf| chrj ~hgfu

lcg~| |`gkcu {huj} ehahkj ujh}| hfe fglo| ezj ui hkj&'

22‑ s 855‑ #{cjf gfegrgezh` ~hfj`| h}j zfbièje'

jh4 %5>>!%2>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <=<

55;8> H [iiEjf jfE uHm`j, 87> >

^}imhm`w Dh~hfj|j ui~ g| ~hgfuje {guc hf gfuj}gi} |ljfj miuuia g| i}fhuj`w

lh}rje& #^`jh|j fiuj ~gjlj g| gf rj}w eg|u}j||je lifegugif fi{&'

=3‑ s =5‑ s 82‑

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

55;88 H [iiEjf LCj|u H fE uHm`j |ju, Lg}LH 87=>

Ucj lcj|u {guc |jrjfujjf |ah`` e}h{j}| #|iaj ~z``| ag||gfk' ~hgfuje {guc

Jkw~ughf #i} K}jjo' bgkz}j| hfe |wami`| if b}ifu |gej| hfe ui~ {guc h D[

gfrjfui}w |ugloj}? uikjucj} {guc h ahulcgfk uhm`j& #^`jh|j fiuj miuc ~gjlj|

h}j gf rj}w b}hkg`j lifegugif fi{&'

Lcj|u4 <<‑ s =5‑ s 82‑? Uhm`j4 <3‑ s =>‑ s =;‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55;8= u[i zfgxzj aHCikHfw mjfLCj|, 872>

Miuc gejfuglh` jsu}jaj`w ìfk hfe ì{ ui ucj k}izfe {guc gfuj}j|ugfk lz}rje

`jk|? ~z}lch|je bi} ucj ucj Jflgfi ciaj hfe ucjf airje ei{f ui Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj&'

853‑ s =>‑ s 83‑

jh4 %2>>!%3>>

55;8< Hf iHo uHm`j, 872>

Lg}lz`h} |iaj{chu }z|ugl gf ej|gkf {guc ejli}hugrj |lh`ì~je jekj| h}izfe

ucj ui~ }j|ugfk if uc}jj `jk|&

Eghajuj}4 :;‑? Cjgkcu4 <>‑

Ucg| g| ucj uhm`j uchu [hwfj z|je {cjf hf|{j}gfk cg| bhf ahg`&

jh4 %:>>!%;>>

55;85 H ofiu uw ~gfj LCgfH LHmgfju, 872>Gf u{i ~h}u| ucj ui~ {guc uc}jj |cj`rj| hfe biz} k`h|| ~hfj`| {guc h

ejli}hugrj ui~ u}ga? ucj miuuia {guc jgkcu e}h{j}| hfe u{i lz~mih}e|? mhlo

ib miuc ~gjlj| fiuj ‐Mw E}jsj`&‑

Ui~4 5;‑ s :2‑ s 88 8)=‑? Miuuia4 ::‑ s <2‑ s 85‑

jh4 %:>>!%;>>



<=5 Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55;8: H ~gfj |gEj uHm`j, 87:>

\uhfeh}e gf ej|gkf {guc u{i b}ifu e}h{j}| mhlo ch| chfe{}guujf hffiuhugif

}jhegfk ‐Ahej mw ]jffglo ) @&H&, Lh`gb& ) Fi& 8<8> ) [g``gha ) ;):5 ) @&I&‑

27‑ s 83 8)=‑ s =3‑

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

55;82 H EH}o [iiE LCj|u, 872>

U{i b}ifu eii}| hei}fje {guc lcj}zm| hfe bi`ghkj ifj |ah`` b}ifu e}h{j}

lhmgfju hbbgsje ui biz} `jk|? b}ia ucj egfgfk }iia gf ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc

ciaj&

2:‑ s <:‑ s 8;‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55;8; uC}jj Egfgfk }iia LCHg}|, 872>

Mis!|ch~je {guc eh}o {iiejf b}haj| |haj H|ghf aiugb lh}rje if mhlo

}j|u ib u{i ucg}e ifj g| egbbj}jfu h`` {guc m}gkcu wj`ì{ bhm}gl lz|cgif|? b}ia

ucj egfgfk }iia gf ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj? gfl`zeje {guc h }j~}gfuje liì}

gahkj |ci{gfk ‐Ujami‑ hfe ‐\gamh‑ _[hwfj‗| Agfghuz}j ^gf|lcj}| fhaje

hbuj} ucj j`j~chfu| gf ‐Chuh}g(‑Q |guugfk if ifj ib ucj lchg}|&

<8‑ s =;‑ s =8‑

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

55;83 u[i LCHg}|, 872>

Ucj bg}|u h l`zm lchg} z~ci`|uj}je gf ~jh k}jjf `jhucj}? ucj |jlife hf h}a

lchg} {guc `jk| hfe h cgkc }izfeje mhlo z~ci`|uj}je gf ~jh k}jjf fzmmw

bhm}gl |iaj{chu |uhgfje? b}ia ucj bhag`w }iia gf ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj?

gfl`zeje {guc h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucj h}a lchg} gf |guz& #^`jh|j

fiuj l`zm lchg} g| cjhrg`w ehahkje&'

<<‑ s <5‑ s <<‑? <2‑ s 5<‑ s =>‑

jh4 %=>>!%<>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <=:

55;87 u[i LCHg}|, 872>

Ucj bg}|u h |gej lchg} {guc h {iiejf b}haj z~ci`|uj}je gf mjgkj

Fhzkhcwej? ucj |jlife h l`zm lchg} z~ci`|uj}je gf mjgkj bhm}gl {guc

h m}i{f kjiaju}gl ~huuj}f? b}ia ucj bhag`w }iia gf ucj Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc ciaj? gfl`zeje {guc h }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucj l`zm

lchg} gf |guz&

=5‑ s <>‑ s 83‑? <2‑ s <>‑ s <5‑

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

55;=> H aHuLCgfk LizLC |ju, 872>

Miuc ib lifuja~i}h}w ej|gkf {guc

ucj |haj mjgkj hfe }z|u!liì}je

bì}h` z~ci`|uj}w? ucj bg}|u ~gjlj

{guc uc}jj lz|cgif| ucj |jlife

{guc u{i lz|cgif|? gfl`zeje {guc

u{i }j~}gfuje liì} gahkj| |ci{gfk

ucj lizlcj| gf |guz&

8>;‑ s <<‑s <8‑? 27‑ s <>‑ s <=‑

Ucj|j lizlcj| {j}j gf ucj ‐airgj

}iia‑ #i} bhag`w }iia' ib ucj

Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj {cj}j [hwfj

{izè |gu hu ucj jfe ib ucj mgkkj}

|ibh ui {hulc bgà| {guc ucj bhag`w&

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55;=8 H ag}}i}, 872>

Ciz|je gf hf h}lc!|ch~je lh}rje hfe ~hgfuje {iiejf b}haj aizfuje ui h

|haj!|ch~je mjgkj `gfjf mhlogfk& #^`jh|j fiuj ag}}i} ~i}ugif g| |iaj{chu

|uhgfje ezj ui hkj&'

<:‑ s 87‑ s :‑

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

[hwfj‗| bhag`w }iia gf ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

55;=: 55;83 55;87

55;=>




55;=5 H aiui}gtjE jsj}Lg|j mgLwL`j, 872>

Lh``je hf –Jsj}lwl`j Aiej` :>S‗ ahej ib ajuh` ~hgfuje k}hw|ah`` aiui} }j|u| if mhlo {i}ogfk lifegugif fiu ofi{f&

H~~}isgahuj`w 55‑ s =:‑ s 8:‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55;== H Ciaj airgj ~}iDjLui}, 872>

@hmj`je –^}idjlui} H‗ mw [hwfj? biz} eg|ugflu ~gjlj| gfl`zegfk4 8' h \ga~`js J`jlu}gl

Lchfkjirj} ^}idjlui} Aiej` \H: \j}gh` Fzamj} ;;E? =' h Sjfif ^}idjlui} @ha~ciz|j

Aiej` 82>> \j}gh` Fzamj} 82=33!>;78@? #{cglc g| huuhlcje ui ucj ~}idjlui}' <' h Sjfif

î{j} \z~~`w Aiej` ]^\!82>> \j}gh` Fzamj} 82=33!>;78^? hfe 5' h ahulcgfk ujh` m`zj

ajuh` |uhfe {guc heegugifh` {iiejf mìlo| hbbgsje ui ucj miuuia uchu [hwfj heeje&

^}idjlui} 4 <5‑ s <2‑ s 8<‑? î{j} \z~~`w4 87‑ s 82‑ s 8>‑? \uhfe4 <5‑ s <>‑ s 8;‑

[hwfj che h li``jlugif ib cg| i{f bgà| #~`z| ahfw iucj}|' uchu cj {izè |l}jjf b}jxzjfu`w

bi} bhag`w hfe b}gjfe| gf ucj bhag`w }iia ib ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj, z|gfk ucg| ~}idjlui}

hfe ucj ifj gf ucj fjsu ìu&

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

55;=< H Ciaj airgj ~}iDjLui}, 872>

@hmj`je –^}idjlui} M‗ mw [hwfj? biz} eg|ugflu ~gjlj| gfl`zegfk4

8' h \ga~`js J`jlu}gl Lchfkjirj} ^}idjlui} Aiej` \H:

\j}gh` Fzamj} ;7E? =' h Sjfif ^}idjlui} @ha~ciz|j Aiej`

82>> \j}gh` Fzamj} 82=3;!>;78@ #{cglc g| huuhlcje ui ucj

~}idjlui}'? <' h Sjfif î{j} \z~~`w Aiej` ]^\!82>> \j}gh`

Fzamj} 82=3;!>;78^? hfe 5' h ahulcgfk ujh` m`zj ajuh`

|uhfe {guc heegugifh` {iiejf mìlo| hbbgsje ui ucj miuuia

uchu [hwfj heeje&^}idjlui} 4 <5‑ s <2‑ s 8<‑? î{j} \z~~`w4 87‑ s 82‑ s 8>‑?

\uhfe4 <5‑ s <>‑ s 8;‑

jh4 %5>>!%2>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <=;

55;=: u[i m}H|| uHm`j `Ha~|, 872>

Miuc ib |gag`h} kìmz`h} ej|gkf #ucizkc ifj g| |ah``j}' }j|ugfk if |ah``m`hlo {iie mh|j| {guc ahulcgfk mjgkj wh}f `ha~|chej| {i}ogfk lifegugif

fiu ofi{f? b}ia ucj bhag`w }iia gf ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj? gfl`zeje g| h

}j~}gfuje liì} gahkj |ci{gfk ucj|j `ha~| gf |guz&

Cjgkcu4 <5‑ hfe <>‑

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

55;=2 uC}jj uHm`j `Ha~|, 872>

Ucj bg}|u }je ahej ib {iie imìfk gf |ch~j {guc

h –Dh~hfj|j {iahf‗ aiugb h}izfe ucj jfug}j mh|j?

ucj |jlife k}jjf ahej ib ajuh` |iaj{chu irige

gf |ch~j? ucj ucg}e m`hlo ahej ib ajuh` lw`gfe}glh`

gf |ch~j {guc ucj fzamj} ‐<;‑ ~hgfuje if ucj b}ifu?

{i}ogfk lifegugif fiu ofi{f? fifj chrj `ha~|chej|?

b}ia rh}giz| }iia| gf ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

Cjgkcu4 <2‑, <5‑ hfe =;‑

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

55;=; u[i aHuLCgfk uHm`j `Ha~|, 872>

Miuc m}gkcu wj`ì{ ahej ib lj}hagl irige gf |ch~j }j|ugfk if lg}lz`h}

lh}rje {iiejf mh|j| {guc mjgkj wh}f `ha~|chej| {i}ogfk lifegugif fiu

ofi{f&

Cjgkcu4 <>‑

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

55;=3 u[i j`jLu}gLH` m}H|| `Hfuj}f|, 87;>

\xzh}j |ch~je k`h|| ~hfj`| if uc}jj |gej| k`h|| cz}}glhfj| }j|u gf|gej

{i}ogfk lifegugif fiu ofi{f&

=>‑ s 88‑ s 3‑

jh4 %=>>!%<>>

[hwfj |guugfk fjsu ui ucj k}jjf `ha~&




55;=7 H m`HLo |uifj[H}j rj||j`

[guc uc}jj kìmz`h} bjju? b}ia ucj mhlo ~hugi ib ucj Fj{~i}u Mjhlc ciaj&

Cjgkcu4 82‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55;<> u[i ig` ~Hgfugfk|, 87;>

Miuc }jfej}je if lhfrh|? ucj bg}|u h kiie `gojfj|| ej~glugfk [hwfj hfe

[hùj} M}jffjf gf lch}hluj} b}ia ‐]je ]grj}‑ |gkfje gf ucj }gkcu li}fj}

‐M}ghf O& Chagùif?‑ ucj |jlife ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia ‐Ucj

Li{miw|‑ |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐;7 [jgtj`,‑ miuc kgbuje ui [hwfj

mw bhf|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj hf gahkj ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj&'

82‑ s =>‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

55;<8 u[i ig` ~Hgfugfk|, 87;>

Miuc }jfej}je if lhfrh|? ucj bg}|u ìio| ̀ goj –izu|gej} h}u‗ ej~glugfk [hwfj

gf lch}hluj} b}ia h [j|uj}f |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Goj Czfuj}?‑ ucj |jlife |ci{| [hwfj gf lch}hluj} h| uc}jj egbbj}jfu ag`guh}w ibbglj}|

|gkfje if ucj ì{j} }gkcu |gej ‐Ojaju ;7?‑ kgbuje ui [hwfj mw bhf|& #^`jh|j

ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj hf gahkj ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj&'

Miuc4 5>‑ s <>‑

jh4 %5>>!%2>>

55;<= uC}jj ~Hgfugfk|, 87;>

Ucj bg}|u ig` if lhfrh| h kiie `gojfj|| ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia

ucj ‐Mgk Dhoj‑ j}h |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} `jbu li}fj} ‐Eh}}gjz –;;?‑ ucj |jlife

hf ig` if lhfrh| ej~glugfk [hwfj gf |haj bh|cgif |gkfje if ucj ì{j}

}gkcu |gej ‐Dihf H`|uif –;3?‑ ucj ucg}e h {huj}liì} if ~h~j} h kiie `gojfj||

ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia ucj |haj j}h |gkfje if ucj ì{j} }gkcu

|gej ‐^&K& Ucia~|if?‑ h`` kgbuje ui [hwfj mw bhf|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj

ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

H`` B}haje4 =3‑ s =5‑? [i}o| If`w4 =<‑ s 82‑

jh4 %<>>!%:>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <=7

55;<< Biz} ig` ~Hgfugfk|, 87;>

H`` }jfej}je if lhfrh|? gfl`zegfk4 8' hf gahkj ib [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia

h [j|uj}f |ju hkhgf|u h uz}xzig|j mhlok}izfe? =' hf gahkj ib [hwfj uchu ch| liaj ui mj ofi{f h| –Dicf [hwfj Haj}glhf?‗ <' hf gahkj ib [hwfj gf

lch}hluj} b}ia h [j|uj}f {guc ci}|j| mjcgfe cga? hfe 5' hf gahkj ib [hwfj

gf lch}hluj} b}ia h [j|uj}f? h`` |gkfje? h`` kgbuje ui [hwfj mw bhf|& #^`jh|j

ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

<>‑ s 83‑ hfe

|ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55;<5 Hf ig` ~Hgfugfk, 87;7

]jfej}je if lhfrh| ej~glugfk [hwfj h| ‐]ii|uj} Likmz}f‑ |gkfje gf ucj

ì{j} ̀ jbu li}fj} ‐Kh}w \hej}z~ –;7,‑ kgbuje ui [hwfj mw h bhf&

B}haje4 85‑ s 88‑? [i}o If`w4 8=‑ s 7‑

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

55;<: uC}jj ~}gfu|, 87;>

Jhlc ej~glugfk [hwfj b}ia h egbbj}jfu [j|uj}f h`` gf }z|ugl {iiejf b}haj|?h`` kgbuje ui [hwfj mw bhf|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj

iucj} ~gjlj|&'

B}haje4 85‑ s 8=‑

jh4 %8>>!%8:>

55;<2 Biz} ~}gfu|, 87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' ifj ib [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia ‐Mgk Dhoj‑? =' ifj ib [hwfj

gf lch}hluj} b}ia uc}jj egbbj}jfu bgà| ― ‐]gi M}hri‑ ‐Cifei‑ hfe ‐J`

Ei}hei?‑ <' ifj ib [hwfj b}ia biz} egbbj}jfu bgà| gfl`zegfk ‐Ucj Ahf [ci

\ciu @gmj}uw Rh`hflj‑ hfe ‐U}zj K}gu‑ haifk iucj}|? hfe 5' hfiucj} |gag`h}

ifj? h`` |gkfje? h`` kgbuje ui [hwfj mw bhf|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj


Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 8;‑ s 87‑? [i}o If`w4 88‑ s 85‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>



<<> Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55;<; Biz} [i}o| iB H}u, 87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ~jflg` if ~h~j} e}h{gfk ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia

‐Ucj \ciiug|u?‑ =' h ~}gfu ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia ‐Cifei‑

‐]gi M}hri‑ hfe ‐J` Ei}hei?‑ <' hf gejfuglh` ~}gfu mzu gf h |ah``j} bi}ahu?

hfe 5' h ~jflg` if ~h~j} e}h{gfk ej~glugfk [hwfj gf ~}ibg`j? h`` |gkfje? h``

kgbuje ui [hwfj mw bhf|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj| ib ucj

iucj} ~gjlj|&'

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 <=‑ s =;‑? [i}o If`w4 87‑ s 85‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55;<3 H ~}gfu, 87;:

]jfej}je if ~h~j} ej~glugfk h aifuhkj ib gahkj| ib [hwfj |gkfje gf ucj

ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐Mhf|j –;:?‑ kgbuje ui [hwfj mw h bhf&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 <>‑ s =5‑? [i}o If`w4 =2‑ s 83‑

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

55;<7 H ~}gfu, 87;>

Ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia |gs egbbj}jfu bgà|&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 =3‑ s =5‑? [i}o If`w4 =5‑ s 83‑

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

55;5> Biz} [i}o| iB H}u, 87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h ejliz~hkj ej~glugfk hf gahkj ib [hwfj b}ia ucj lirj} ib

–Ucj \huz}ehw Jrjfgfk î|u‗ k`zje ui h mih}e {guc h D[ gfrjfui}w |ugloj}?

=' h u{i!egajf|gifh` {iie lh}rgfk ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia h

[j|uj}f? <' h ojw cièj} bjhuz}gfk hf gahkj b}ia ‐\hfe| ib G{i Dgah‑ k`zje

ui h mih}e hfe 5' hf gahkj ib [hwfj h| ‐]ii|uj} Likmz}f‑ k`zje ui h

mih}e? h`` kgbuje ui [hwfj mw bhf|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj gahkj|

ib ucj iucj} ~gjlj|&'

82‑ s 8<‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>



\j||gif U{i Hzlugif ,;>5: p B}gehw Iluimj} ; =>88 p 84>>Â LU <<8

55;58 Biz} [i}o| iB H}u, 87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' hf ig` if ~h~j} ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia h [j|uj}f?

=' h ~}gfu ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia h [j|uj}f? <' h ~}gfu ej~glugfk

azùg~`j gahkj| ib [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia cg| mj|u ofi{f bgà|? hfe 5' h

~}gfu ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia ifj ib ucj –Lhrh`}w U}gìkw‗ bgà|?

uc}jj |gkfje? h`` kgbuje ui [hwfj mw bhf|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj


B}haje4 =3‑ s 87‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%<:>

55;5= Biz} `jHuCj} ~i}u}Hgu|, 87;>

Gfl`zegfk4 8' h chfe!uii`je `jhucj} gahkj ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia

h [j|uj}f? =' hfiucj} |gag`h} {i}o? <' hfiucj} |gag`h} {i}o? hfe 5' h ~}gfu if

|zjej ej~glugfk [hwfj gf lch}hluj} b}ia h [j|uj}f? h`` |gkfje h`` gf }z|ugl

{iiejf b}haj|? h`` kgbuje ui [hwfj mw bhf|& #^`jh|j ki ui iz} {jm|guj ui |jj


B}haje4 83‑ s 8:‑? [i}o If`w4 8=‑ s 3‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

55;5< Hf jfi}aiz| ~jf HfE gfo E}H[gfk, 87;>

]jfej}je if mih}e ej~glugfk azùg~`j cgkc`w ejuhg`je gahkj| }j`hugfk ui [hwfj‗| bgà| {cglc }heghuj izu b}ia h ljfu}h` gahkj ib ucj hlui} h| cg| I|lh} bi} ‐U}zj K}gu‑

ìia| hmirj gf|l}g~ugif if ucj miuuia }jhe| ‐Irj} bgbu w wjh}| if ucj |l}jjf ) –I}kz`ì|i, Bzj}uj w Bi}ah`‗ ) Irj} u {i czfe}je airgj| ahej?‑ kgbuje ui [hwfj mw h

bhf&

Ahuuje hfe B}haje4 <;‑ s 23‑? E}h{gfk If`w4 =7‑ s :7‑

jh4 %5>>!%2>>



<<= Ui rgj{ bz`` ej|l}g~ugif| jf`h}kjhm`j gahkj| hfe mge if`gfj rg|gu CH&lia);>5:

55;55 Biz} `jHuCj} guja|, 87;>

Ucj bg}|u h mg}ucehw lh}e bjhuz}gfk h chfe!uii`je gahkj ib

[hwfj if ucj b}ifu hfe h Ohlcgfh ehflj} if ucj mhlo |gkfje

if ucj gf|gej mw |uzejfu| b}ia Lh`gbi}fgh \uhuj Zfgrj}|guw

hu Bz``j}uif? ucj |jlife h |l}h~miio bjhuz}gfk chfe!uii`je

gahkj| ib [hwfj if ucj b}ifu hfe mhlo {guc ujsu }jhegfk

‐Ui Ezoj ) Iz} Cj}i ) Iz} Gei` ) Iz} B}gjfe ) Dj||j " B}je

) M}i{f?‑ ucj ucg}e h |ah`` ~gjlj ib `jhucj} {guc j`hmi}huj

chfe!uii`gfk }jhegfk ‐Dicf Ezoj [hwfj ) Ucj H`hai?‑ hfe ucj

biz}uc h {h`` chfkgfk jami||je ‐Ezoj?‑ h`` kgbuje ui [hwfj

mw bhf|&

8:‑ s 88‑ hfe |ah``j}

jh4 %<>>!%:>>

55;5: H [H`` CHfkgfk, Lg}LH 87;>

]jfej}je gf wj`ì{ `jhucj} hfe aizfuje ui mih}e gf h }izkc bi}a ib ucj |uhuj ib Lh`gbi}fgh

chfe!uii`je ujsu eg|~`hw| ucj ‐Liej ib ucj Li{ Lizfu}w‑ {cg`j [hwfj‗| bgà ugu`j| h~~jh} if

ucj ah}kgf| |gkfje gf ucj ì{j} }gkcu li}fj} ‐]hwaife \ciio ) Iej||h, Ujsh|?‑ kgbuje ui

[hwfj mw h bhf&

::‑ s =:‑

Hlli}egfk ui Juchf [hwfj, cg| ehe che ucg| ~gjlj eg|~`hwje izu|gej cg| ibbglj gf ucj Fj{~i}u

Mjhlc ciaj&

jh4 %=>>!%=:>

JFE IB HZLUGIF



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Dj{j`}w, Ugaj~gjlj| " @zsz}w Hllj||i}w Hzlugif| @ilhugif Hzlugif Ehuj| Lif|gkfajfu Ejhe`gfj

[hulcj| " Bgfj Ugaj~gjlj| Fj{ Wi}o Firjamj} 83, =>88 \j~ujamj} 8;, =>88

Bgfj Dj{j`}w Eh``h| Ejljamj} :, =>88 \j~ujamj} =2, =>88

Chfemhk| " @zsz}w Hllj||i}gj| Eh``h| Ejljamj} 2, =>88 Iluimj} <, =>88

Rgfuhkj Airgj ̂i|uj}| Hzlugif| @ilhugif Hzlugif Ehuj| Lif|gkfajfu Ejhe`gfj

Rgfuhkj Airgj ̂i|uj}| Eh``h| Firjamj} 83!87, =>88 \j~ujamj} =;, =>88Liagl| Hzlugif| @ilhugif Hzlugif Ehuj| Lif|gkfajfu Ejhe`gfj

Liagl| " I}gkgfh` Liagl H}u Eh``h| Hzkz|u 8;!87, =>88 Lì|je

Liagl| " I}gkgfh` Liagl H}u Mjrj}`w Cg``| Firjamj} 8>!8=, =>88 \j~ujamj} =;, =>88

Az|gl " Jfuj}uhgfajfu Ajai}hmg`gh Hzlugif| @ilhugif Hzlugif Ehuj| Lif|gkfajfu Ejhe`gfj

Rgfuhkj Kzguh}| " Az|glh` Gf|u}zajfu| Eh``h| Hzkz|u 87!=8, =>88 Lì|je

Ucj Dicf [hwfj Li``jlugif @i| Hfkj`j| Iluimj} <!2, =>88 Lì|je

Rgfuhkj Kzguh}| " Az|glh` Gf|u}zajfu| Eh``h| Iluimj} =8!==, =>88 Hzkz|u <>, =>88

Az|gl, Lj`jm}guw " Ci``w{iie Ajai}hmg`gh Eh``h| Ejljamj} =!5, =>88 Iluimj} 8>, =>88

Rgfuhkj Kzguh}| " Az|glh` Gf|u}zajfu| Eh``h| Ejljamj} 82!8;, =>88 Iluimj} =:, =>88

Cg|ui}glh` K}hfe Bi}ahu Hzlugif| @ilhugif Hzlugif Ehuj| Lif|gkfajfu Ejhe`gfj

H}a| " H}ai} Eh``h| Hzkz|u =8, =>88 Lì|je

Dj}}w [jg|u Li``jlugif #Miio|' Mjrj}`w Cg``| \j~ujamj} 8=, =>88 Lì|je

]h}j Miio| Mjrj}`w Cg``| \j~ujamj} 8=!85, =>88 Lì|je

Cg|ui}glh` Ahfz|l}g~u| Mjrj}`w Cg``| \j~ujamj} 8=!85, =>88 Lì|je

H}u ib ucj Haj}glh| Eh``h| \j~ujamj} 82!8;, =>88 Lì|je

H}a| " H}ai} Eh``h| \j~ujamj} 83, =>88 Lì|je

Haj}glhfh " ̂ i`guglh` Eh``h| Firjamj} 8=, =>88 \j~ujamj} =8, =>88Ag`guh}gh " Lgrg` [h} Eh``h| Firjamj} 8=, =>88 \j~ujamj} =8, =>88

\~hlj Js~ì}hugif Eh``h| Firjamj} <>, =>88 Iluimj} 7, =>88

]h}j Miio| Fj{ Wi}o Lguw Ejljamj} 3!7, =>88 Iluimj} 8;, =>88

Cg|ui}glh` Ahfz|l}g~u| Fj{ Wi}o Lguw Ejljamj} 3!7, =>88 Iluimj} 8;, =>88

Ujshfh Eh``h| Ah}lc 8>, =>8= Dhfzh}w 83, =>8=

H}u ib ucj Haj}glh| Eh``h| \~}gfk =>8= Dhfzh}w 8=, =>8=

Rgfuhkj \~i}u| Li``jlugm`j| Hzlugif| @ilhugif Hzlugif Ehuj| Lif|gkfajfu Ejhe`gfj

Rgfuhkj \~i}u| Li``jlugm`j| Eh``h| Firjamj} 8>!88, =>88 \j~ujamj} 87, =>88

Rgfuhkj \~i}u| Li``jlugm`j| Eh``h| H~}g` =2!=;, =>8= Ah}lc :, =>8=

Fhuz}h` Cg|ui}w Hzlugif| @ilhugif Hzlugif Ehuj| Lif|gkfajfu Ejhe`gfj

Fhuz}h` Cg|ui}w Mjrj}`w Cg``| Dhfzh}w 3, =>8= Iluimj} 8, =>88

Bgfj " ]h}j [gfj @ilhugif Hzlugif Ehuj| Lif|gkfajfu Ejhe`gfj

Bgfj " ]h}j [gfj Mjrj}`w Cg``| \j~ujamj} =<!=5, =>88 Lì|je





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