The Reconstruction (1865-1877)
The U.S. government’s controversial effort to restore the Southern States to the Union.
The War’s Aftermath!
2/3 Southern Shipping in ruinsCities, farms, factories, homes destroyed4 million ex-slavesUnemployment was rampant
The Freedman’s Bureau
By Congress-March 1865 - 1869Clothing, Medicine, Meals to ex-slaves250,000 plus blacks received first education at bureau schoolsThe question of land?
Three Reconstruction Plans
1. President Lincoln’s Plan2. President Andrew Johnson’s
Plan3. The Republican Congress’s
Plan
Which plan would the U.S. follow?
President Lincoln’s Plan
Called the Ten Percent PlanPardons to ex-Confederates10% Voters in CSA states had to pledge allegiance and abolish slavery“Malice toward none” = leniency
Lincoln is Assassinated!
John Wilkes Booth, an actor, plotted to kidnap Lincoln and othersApril 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theatre he shoots Lincoln Booth is later killed near Port Royal, VA4/10 co-conspirators were hanged
President Johnson’s Plan
Democrat from TN, ex-SEN, VPNew State ConstitutionsAmnesty by letter13th AmendmentLenient in the spirit of Lincoln’s PlanStates’ Rights – No Vote for ex-slaves
Radical or Congressional Reconstruction
1866 Civil Rights Act outlawed black codesJohnson vetoed it and Congress overrode it14th AmendmentJohnson and the Republican Congress were now at odds
The Reconstruction Act of 1867
Divided South into 5 military districtsStates had to draft new constitutionsAll eligible voters could voteBarred ex-Confederates from voting Equal rights to all citizensStates must ratify 14th Amendment
Radical Military Districts
Exit Slip – Three Reconstruction Plans
1. President Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstructing the South was known as the ___ Percent Plan.a. One b. Ten c. Fifty
2. President Johnson’s plan required the Southern States to ratify the ____ Amendment, which abolished slavery.a. 13th b. 14th c. 20th
3. Who favored a harsh and punishing Reconstruction plan for the South?a. Lincoln b. Johnson c. Radical Republicans
4. How many military districts was the South divided into during Reconstruction?a. 3 b. 5 c. 11
President Johnson’s Impeachment (1868)
Tenure of Office Act (1867)Johnson fired Sec. War StantonImpeached for “High Crimes and Misdemeanors”Saved by 1 vote!
15th Amendment (1870)Last of Civil War AmendmentsNo state could deny the right to vote on basis of race or colorTroops protected blacks and they voted in massBlanch K. Bruce (MS) in 1874 became first black Senator
Spreading Terror!
The Ku Klux Klan was the best-known hate groupFormed in Pulaski, TN (1865)Terrorized Blacks and White RepublicansForce Act of 1870 helped curb Klan practices for a time
The Elections of 1868 & 1872
Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) defeated Seymour (NY) in 68 and Greely (NY) in 72Both terms marred by scandal!
The Stolen Election of 1876 Ends Reconstruction
Voters grew wearyGreed and Corruption1876 Election saw Tilden (D) win popular vote over Hayes (R)SC, FA, LA Republican controlledCompromise of 1877 gave Hayes victory and he removed troops from South
The Effects of Reconstruction
Successes 1. Union Restored
and South repaired
2. South began to industrialize
3. 13th,14th, 15th Amendments
4. Education for Blacks and Poor Whites
Failures1. Blacks remained
poor; many were sharecroppers
2. KKK and Jim Crow Laws
3. Racism still prevailed
4. South still lagged behind North economically
Exit Slip – The End of Reconstruction
1. How many votes in the Senate saved President Johnson from removal?a. 1 b. 3 c. 12
2. Most historians consider President Grant a(n) ________ president.a. effective b. ineffective c. strong
3. Which amendment gave African-Americans the right to vote?a. 13th b. 14th c. 15th
4. The “stolen” election of President _______ in 1876 ended Reconstruction.a. Grant b. Tilden c. Hayes