Project 5: The role of local leaders in reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptation: case study of flood disaster management in Bangkalalak, Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia
Group member: Nor Aishah Hamzah (University of Malaya, Malaysia) Mohd Hairy Ibrahim (Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia) Syamsul Herman Mohammad Afandi (Universiti Putra Malaysia) Riduan Yunus (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia) Wildan Fajar Bachtiar (Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia) Yi Dou (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan) Xu Tian (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China) Azaze @ Azizi Abdul Adis (Universiti Malaysia Sabah)
2016. 8.13
Contents
1 Background
2 Flooding situation
3 Policy implication4
1. Kangsa2. Jabang3. Bangkalala
k4. Mentulud5. Berumbai
Bangkalalak, Lumadan, Beaufort
Social; Resource; Village Map
Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud
Geography (Unit: m)Distance from river
300 300 300 1000 1000
Between house 200 150 50 100 50
Boats
43 20 70 23 5
Insurance
Life X X X X X
Property X X X X X
Perception of riskVery dangerous
Dangerous X X X
Moderate X X
Not risky
Table 1 Related Information of case study
Background 1
House People Adults Children Elderly Disable Pregnant0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Mentulud
Jabang
Kangsa
Bangkalalak
Berumbai
Num
bers
Figure 1 The Demography of case study
Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
20 2010 10
20
10 10
10 10
15
40 4050 50
30
20 20 20 2020
10 10 10 1015
Education Pesticides FoodElectricity Clothes and Transportation
Perc
enta
ge
Figure 2 The Expenditure of case study
Background 2
Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Low <600 RM
Medum 600-1000 RM
High >1000 RM
Inco
me
prop
ortio
n
Figure 2 The Income proportion of case study
Agriculture Small BusinessFishing Government sectorsTourism
Berumbai Bangkalalak Kangsa Jabang Mentulud Figure 3 The Source of Income
Background 3
4
3
1
• Children and pregnant mother
What is the main cause of severe flooding?
2
Why the place is vulnerable?
• Rain water• Irrigation and drainage• Water from Tenom (up lands) to Padas River• High tide and high volume inland water
Areas most affected
• Jabang, Kangsa, Berumbai• Flood season is November to
January
People affected• Nearness to river and rise in
water level
Poultry/plants affected
Flooding situation 4
Flooding situation
Rainfall and discharge gages of Sungai PadasRef: Deforestation effect to the runoff hydrograph at Sungai Padas catchment (Dinor, et al., 2007)
Flood in Beaufort in 2014. http://www.therocket.com.my/en/solving-sabahs-flood-issues/
Kampung Bangkalalak
River Bank Hotel
Mechanism of flood caused by heavy rainfall in river upstream.
5
Boat Land transportations: cars,
vans, motorcycles Accessibility: only by road or
helicopterLogistic
Evacuation facilities
6
Temporary shelters: Public Hall / Gazetted Evacuation Centre
Distance: 1-3 km
Logistics Before Flood
Logistic
Boat: yes Land transportations: cars, vans,
motorcycles Accessibility: only by road or helicopter
Sewerage: not functioning for 2-3 weeks Clean water supply: rain water
Temporary shelters: Hall - 2 but only 1 used
Distance: 1-3 km
7
Evacuation facilities
Hygiene
Electricity in order
Safety Biological: Crocodiles and snakes Physical threat: fast water flow/
debris
Medical Diseases: no outbreak
Food supplies NGO and self support
Communication Only mobile phones / no landlines
During Flood
Logistic
Water transportation: Boat 1
Accessibility: only by road or helicopter
Land transportations: cars, vans, motorcycles
Evacuation facilities
Temporary shelters: Public Halls
Distance: 1-3 km2
8After Flood
9
Information• Ketua Kampong• JKK• Mass Media (TV)Action Plan• Warning system near MasjidFinancial
assistance• House: self repairs / rebuilt • Sufficient food and medical assistance• Help (basic needs) on time: after 3-4 days• 10% of household on Flood Financial Assistance
of RM500 • Coping with after effect: NGOs – school & food• Getting back to norm
- self recover- approx 2-3 weeks
Information and Action Plan
Major flood history
Timeline history
History 10
Survey of case study
Recovered woods are used for reconstructing houses. (Place: Kampung Berumbai)
11
Survey of case study
During the flood period, villagers choose to stay in house, even though the ground floor is covered by flood (1.0~1.5m depth of flood water).
12
Survey of case study
Fishing is the main source of income in Kampung Berumbai.
13
14
1 House adaptation: raised up the level of the houses
2Prepare boats for most of the houses
3 Identify the nearest relief center and access to evacuation
4Monitoring and early warning system
5 Sufficient storage of food, water, and medical supply near house
6Construct barriers (e.g. plant trees) surrounding houses to protect from flood debris
Identifying adaptation flood strategies
Survey of case study
Food and living material is stored in a specific house higher than the depth of flood water (1.0~1.5m).
15
Strategy: Flood mitigation
Raise the road level-National Road is built higher than ground that will keep available in flood.
16
1
3
4
5
2
Temporary shelters and relief center supporting basic living conditions
Food, clean water and medical supply
Self-study during flood for students
Volunteer system to help elders, and the disables
Promote disaster insurance service for life, health, and property
17Identifying coping strategies for floods
Regular survey on geographic features and social needs (database)
18Identifying local leadership in flood disaster management
Before flood: promote disaster awareness and education, e.g. regular practice for flood disaster
During flood: keep in touch with villagers on living situation and needs, report to federal government, and cooperate with NGOs and volunteers
After flood: fair distribution on compensation materials and subsidies
Flooding situationConflict Tree
FLOODS
EFFECTS
• Reduce the lifetime of building
• Economic losses • Destruction of infrastructures
• Loss of time
• Disease
• Deforestation
CAUSES • Raise of Sea Level
• Location (downstream of Sungai Padas)
• Amount of rainfall
19
20Action Projects
• Relief Centre• Roads and
Infrastructures
• Awareness • Allocation of
emergency logistics
• Cooperation for Early Warning Systems
• Maintenance of river and drainage system
Local Government
Local Community
Federal GovernmentNGOs
• The location of relief center is not appropriate: land issue
• Late response by local government
• Early warning system is not integrated
• Dire need of drinking water
Why?
Survey of case study 21
Survey of case study 22
Survey of case study 23
Survey of case study 24
AzazeAishah
HairySyamsul Riduan Wildan
Dou
Tian
Terima kasih
Thank you
谢 谢