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The Ultimate Guide to PersonalProductivity Methods
by TRICINA ELLIKER | NOVEMBER 30, 2015 | PRODUCTIVITY
The right productivity method can make a huge difference in your work. A
friction-less workflow can take you from feeling overwhelmed,
unfocused, and unproductive to feeling calm, in control, and prepared to
take on even the biggest projects.
Latest Posts Best Of Todoist News Productivity Tips & Stories
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The good news is, there are new methods being developed, tweaked, and
shared all the time. There’s bound to be a system out there that fits your
unique personality and projects. But wading through the thousands of
articles about different productivity systems can be a massive time
commitment – time you could be using to actually get things done.
That’s why we decided to do the legwork for you. We’ve gathered the
most powerful productivity methods and frameworks all in one
convenient place. This post will give you a brief overview of the most
popular and useful productivity methods, how each works, and what kind
of person will find each useful. It’s designed to help you get set up
with your ideal workflow as quickly as possible so you can start reaping
the productivity benefits right away.
How to get the most out of this guideFirst, we broke down the time commitment needed to get started with
each method, rated with a simple Low, Medium, or High.
Eager to begin a huge project but feel completely lost whenever you try to
start? Start with a method rated Medium or High.
Up against a hard deadline with a to-do list the length of California and a
tendency to procrastinate under stress? Jump to the systems with a Low
rating.
We’ve also indicated which methods are more Visual, Tactile, or Abstract
— many are a combination. If you know which learning/work style you
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lean toward, you can skim through and jump to the methods that align
best with your natural approach:
VisualIf you’re the kind of person who prefers maps over written or verbal
directions, you’ll probably find the visual methods more satisfying.
TactileIf you love the feeling of physically crossing items off a to-do list or you
often find yourself strategizing by moving note cards around on the floor,
you’ll probably feel most comfortable with tactile methods.
AbstractIf neither of those approaches sound like you — if you organize projects
simply by writing it down or you strategize easily in your head with no
physical or visual representation — you might find the abstract methods
most useful. The upside of abstract methods is that they also tend to
allow for more complexity in prioritizing and categorizing.
As you learn about the way that you work best, here are a few thingsto keep in mind:
The goal is to actually get stuff done. While it’s common for
new workflow to take extra time upfront, they should become
increasingly effortless over time. If you find that sticking to a certain
productivity method is taking up a significant amount of time,
energy, and mental bandwidth, it’s probably not for you. That’s
totally ok. There are plenty of other options out there.
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You’re not married to one productivity method forever. You may find
that a given method is better suited to some of your projects, and not
others. A method that used to work for you might become a burden to
maintain later on. Be flexible and don’t be afraid to make a change.
To borrow a phrase from Pirates of the Caribbean, productivity
methods are more what you’d call “guidelines” than actual rules.
The methods outlined below are great starting points, but they’re
infinitely more powerful when you mold them to fit your specific
work style. Experiment with different methods and mix and match to
find your ideal workflow.
Ready to find the right productivity method for you? Use the overview
below to jump to the methods that seem the most promising to you.
Productivity Methods OverviewPersonal Kanban
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Personal KanbanTime commitment to get started: Low
Type: Visual, Tactile
Perfect for people who: Have a tendency to start a lot of projects but finish
very few of them.
Eating Live Frogs: Do the Worst Thing FirstTime commitment to get started: Low
Type: Abstract
Perfect for people who: Struggle with procrastination.
Must, Should, WantTime commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract, visual
Perfect for people who: Need to prioritize a large number of tasks, but
tend to go for lists over graphs.
The SMART MethodTime commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract
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Perfect for people who: Are in the early phases of a big project and need
to strategize before jumping in.
The Action MethodTime commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract
Perfect for people who: Need to turn creative brainstorming into an
actionable to-do list.
TimeboxingTime commitment to get started: Low
Type: Visual, abstract
Perfect for people who: Find small tasks and interruptions are taking over
the whole day or those who have more than one major area of work that
they’re responsible for, especially managers.
Biological Prime TimeTime commitment to get started: High
Type: Abstract, visual
Perfect for people who: Love data and self-experimentation and want to
optimize their days for maximum productivity.
Getting Things Done
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Getting Things DoneTime commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract, visual, tactile
Perfect for people who: Are feeling overwhelmed with the number of
things they are responsible for and need a way organize it all.
Pomodoro/SprintsTime commitment to get started: Low
Type: Abstract
Perfect for people who: Feel like there’s never enough time in the
day, but have a tendency to get distracted.
Don’t Break the ChainTime commitment to get started: Low
Type: Visual
Perfect for people who: Want to adopt new daily habits.
The Eisenhower MatrixTime commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Visual
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Perfect for people who: Like graphs, have trouble seeing things in black-
and-white, and would rather prioritize on a continuum than stuff tasks
into a few categories.
Agile ResultsTime commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract
Perfect for people who: Are goal-oriented and are tackling complex
projects and need to keep to a timeline.
The To-Done List and the To-Don’t ListTime commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract
Perfect for people who: Spend too much time worrying about how much
didn’t get done yesterday or have a lot of bad habits that prevent
productivity.
Personal KanbanTime commitment to get started: Low
Type: Visual, Tactile
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Image credit to lifehacker.com
Perfect for people who: Have a tendency to start a lot of projects but finish
very few of them.
What it does: Helps you visualize progress on all of your projects.
Personal Kanban is an incredibly simple system. And that can be a good
thing. Sometimes all you need to make progress is a way to see the status
of your projects laid out simply in front of you.
Here’s how Kanban works: Using whatever medium you prefer (sticky
notes or a whiteboard work well), split your projects into three categories:
To Do, Doing, and Done. That’s it.
But this simple system is more powerful than it seems.
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By using a finite space for “To Do” and “Doing,” you’ll see how quickly
those categories fill up. You get a constant, physical reminder when you
need to concentrate on finishing your current projects before starting new
ones. In addition, having all your work laid out in front of you helps you
feel calm and in control of the big picture.
Want to learn more?
Productivity 101: How to Use Personal Kanban to Visualize Your Work
(lifehacker.com)
personalkanban.com
Personal Kanban: Mapping Work | Navigating Life (book)
Eating Live Frogs: Do the Worst ThingFirst
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Image credit to hellostripes.blogspot.com
Time commitment to get started: Low
Type: Abstract
Perfect for people who: Tend to put off important items, resulting in
missed deadlines or rushed work.
What it does: Helps to avoid procrastination while ensuring that you
make progress on the right things.
A lot of productivity systems and tools are all about getting started. They
assume that as long as you’re crossing something off your to-do list, you’re
being productive. But in reality, it can make a big difference which task
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you pick first.
If you put off your most important tasks until the very last second, you’re
not really improving your productivity on the things that matter. And,
worse, you may find yourself missing deadlines or hurting your
reputation by rushing through your most challenging work.
The term, “eating the frog first,” comes from that old well of ( delightfully
snarky) wisdom, Mark Twain. He supposedly once said, “Eat a live frog
first thing in the morning and nothing worse will happen to you the rest
of the day.”
To get started, schedule your daily tasks from hardest to easiest. You’ll
get your most important, intimidating, anxiety-inducing tasks(aka your
frog) done while your energy is high and your day will get progressively
better. You’re likely to find the overall quality of your work improves too.
A huge part of learning to be truly productive is accepting that the
impulse to procrastinate is inevitable. Learning to work around your own
self-destructive impulses is key. As Brian Tracy puts it in his book Eat that
Frog: 21 Great Ways to Stop Procrastinating and Get More Done in Less
Time:
“Everyone procrastinates. The difference between high performers andlow performers is largely determined by what they choose to procrastinateon.”
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Want to know more?
Eat that Frog! 3 Reasons you Should do the Hardest Things First
Work Smart: Do your Worst Task First (or, Eat a Live Frog Every Morning)
Big Rocks First: Double your Productivity this Week
Must, Should, Want
Image credit to fabiocruz.com
Time commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract, visual
Perfect for people who: Need to prioritize tasks, but tend to go for lists
over graphs.
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What it does: Prioritizes your tasks by urgency, ensures that you’re
accomplishing the right things.
Must, Should, Want is all about figuring out what’s critical today and
what can wait. Write down everything you have to do and then identify
each as a Must, a Should, or a Want.
Your Must tasks are non-negotiable. “Pay rent” — that’s a Must if it’s the
first of the month.
A Should is something you need to do, but it’s not dire that it be done
today. Answering certain emails may be a Should. It’s important, but
delaying it a day or two may not be a big deal, especially if you have a list
of Musts due tomorrow.
A Want is something you’d like to do, but might not be practical or
necessary at the moment. It can be put off for the future, if need be.
Learning a new language is a great goal, but if it’s a choice between
getting eight hours of sleep every night and becoming conversational in
Portuguese, you might not want to risk the long-term effects of sleep
deprivation just to learn a new (albeit, beautiful) language.
A popular variation on this method, called MoSCoW, calls the “Want”
category, “Could,” and adds another, “Won’t” for those pesky items that
always seem to wind up on your to-do lists, but might not be worth your
time and energy in the end.
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Want to know more?
Prioritize Your Day with MUST, SHOULD, COULD (Day 9 of 30 Days of
Getting Results)
Three Tasks You Should Do Every Day to Stay Happy and Productive
Moscow Method
The SMART Method
Image credit to gcflearnfree.org
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Time commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract
Perfect for people who: Are in the early phases of a big project and need
to strategize before jumping in.
What it does: Turns big, abstract ideas and goals into concrete, actionable
plans.
There have been many adaptations and adjustments to the SMART
productivity method since it was introduced three decades ago. At its
core, SMART is a way to take a big, pie-in-the-sky idea and figure out how
to make it work in the real world by asking yourself a series of questions.
SMART is an acronym that stands for: Specific, Measurable, Assignable,
Realistic, Timely.
Let’s break it down.
Specific:
Meaning the What — what is this project and what, specifically, do you
want to accomplish?
Measurable:
These are the individual tasks and steps that add up to a complete
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project.
Assignable:
Who is going to do which step? Yes, this is another method that can work
for teams, but don’t toss out this step if you’re working on a solo project.
Chances are, if you’re using SMART you have a big project, and nothing
that big can be accomplished 100% on your own.
If you have small children, you might use this step to think through
childcare options. If you’re starting a business, you might reach out to a
lawyer or financial planner. Every large undertaking requires some help
along the way.
Clarifying how you’ll get that help will make it easier to get your project
started.
Realistic:
This is the Debbie Downer of SMART. It encompasses all obstacles in your
way, everything that could threaten your project. You can’t overcome a
problem until you understand it completely. By carefully considering the
challenges ahead, you can start mulling over solutions before they even
get a chance to trip you up.
Timely:
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Deadlines. Deadlines are an important part of nearly every successful
productivity strategy, and with good reason. Time constraints force us to
be efficient. Come up with reasonable deadlines for each measureable
task —ideally giving you more time than you think you’ll need so you
don’t fall victim to the Planning Fallacy.
Overall, SMART is perfectly suited for thinking through any big problem
or project. However, when it comes to the day-to-day work of a complex
undertaking SMART doesn’t have much to offer. This is a great system for
anyone who is overwhelmed with the sheer size of their current project
and needs a plan to move forward.
It’s simple, it’s easy to remember, and it doesn’t require a lot of reading to
get started.
Want to learn more?
Use S.M.A.R.T. goals to launch management by objectives plan
A Brief History of SMART Goals
Setting And Achieving Goals The SMART Way
The Action Method
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Image credit to levenger.com
Time commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract
Perfect for people who: Need to turn creative brainstorming into an
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actionable to-do list.
What it does: Tidies up the messier aspects of creative work.
The Action Method was developed in 2006 by Behance as a way of
simplifying creative meetings. The problem with brainstorming and most
creative work is that it often needs to be messy to be truly innovative.
Thinking outside the box requires untidiness, but actually getting things
done requires an orderly system.
The Action Method helps you move from the idea phase to actionable
steps with priorities, due dates, and assignments (if you’re using the
Action Method in a team). It involves breaking down ideas into three key
categories: Action Items, Backburner Items, and Reference Items.
Action Items are the steps you take to get the project done.
Backburner Items are the interesting ideas that don’t directly fit into your
plan for this project.
Reference Items are the resources and information you’ll need to
complete the project. For instance, your brand’s visual and logo style
guide might be a reference item for a homepage rebranding project.
The Action Method allows you to welcome and integrate great, off-beat
ideas while still coming away with a concrete plan.
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Though there was an online version of this method for a time, Behance
pulled support for it last year. There are still Action Method notebooks
sold, if you’re into that kind of thing, but you can use the Action Method
with virtually any medium.
Want to know more?
How To Use The Action Method With Todoist
Action Method I: Breaking Projects into Primary Elements
Action Method II: Keeping Projects Alive
TimeboxingTime commitment to get started: Low
Type: Visual, abstract
Perfect for people who: Find small tasks and interruptions are taking over
the whole day.
What it does: Holds you accountable to your daily plan by alloting specific
periods of time for specific types of work.
Researchers have found that bite-size tasks and interruptions (“Hey, can I
ask you a quick question?”) can disrupt concentration for up to half an
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hour. If you find yourself spending too much of your day dealing with
little items that only reappear the next day (like emails) and too little time
tackling the big stuff, this method is for you.
To start timeboxing, just split up your day into blocks of time with
specific tasks assigned to each one. Here’s what one timeboxed day
might look like:
Image credit to Danielle Morrill
There are number of different approaches to timeboxing, along with a
variety of task-specific timeboxing methods like Inbox Zero for tackling
your email. InboxZero uses a number of tricks to make it work, but one of
the foundations involves dedicating specific chunks of time to reading
and answering emails so that they don’t take over your day.
This a great way to keep yourself accountable and prevent the minutia
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from overtaking your whole day.
An additional timeboxing method is called day-theming.
It’s exactly what it sounds like. Instead of switching between different
types of work or areas of responsibility throughout the day, you dedicate
each day of the week to a specific theme. Day-theming is great if you
need to dig deeper and do more complex work, or for people who have
more than one major area of work that they’re responsible for.
Want to learn more?
Timeboxing 101: What, Why and How
15 Time Boxing Strategies to Get Things Done
The Definitive Guide to Inbox Zero
Biological Prime Time
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Image credit to alifeofproductivity.com
Time commitment to get started: High
Type: Abstract, visual
Perfect for people who: Love data and self-experimentation and want to
optimize their days for maximum productivity.
What it does: Tracks your biological rhythms to find the best times for
different kinds of productivity.
This is a delightfully nerdy method. It requires a lot of research on
yourself and a big time commitment up front, but the personal
productivity insights you’ll get out of it can pay off in the long-run.
The basic idea here is to track your energy, motivation and focus to get a
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sense of when, where, and how you’re the most productive.
To start, eliminate any factors that could mess with your energy —
changes in caffeine intake is a big one, staying up late is another — then
record what you’re accomplishing once an hour, every hour that you’re
working for a few weeks straight. The exact details that you record may
vary, but to get the most accurate results you’ll need to be be as
consistent as possible. Time and activity tracking software like Rescue
Time and Toggl can be a big help here.
Once you’ve gathered your data you can comb through it, looking for
patterns. You can even turn the data into graphs. Do you have less
motivation on the days when you skip breakfast? Start keeping energy
bars or fruit and yogurt on hand for a bit of quick energy. Is your most
productive hour around 10am? Schedule your most important tasks for
that time and push meetings off for later in the day.
The sheer amount of information that you can gather about yourself by
doing this little take-home version of a scientific study will astound you.
You’re bound to discover some very interesting things about what drives
your productivity — just be careful to not let your self-quantification
become its own form of procrastination.
If you can diligently track all three weeks, you’ll come out the other side a
productivity superhero.
Want to know more?
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Be Selfish With Your Prime Time
How to calculate your Biological Prime Time
How to use Rescue Time to get magnitudes more down every week
Getting Things Done
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Image credit to babblingengineer.com
Time commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract, visual, tactile
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Perfect for people who: Have a lot of loose ends rattling around in the
brain and need a way organize it all.
What it does: Gets your thoughts, worries, and to-dos all out on paper (or
into an app) and then helps you organize it all into small, bite size tasks
that you can tackle immediately.
GTD is easily the most famous and lasting productivity method in the
world.
Created by David Allen and made famous in his bestselling book of the
same name, Getting Things Done is an all-encompassing productivity
system. GTD aims to remove the frenzied stress of having too much on
your plate by putting those ideas in an organized system outside your own
head.
The basic stages of the GTD method are:
Capture—This is a brain dump. Just write down everything you have to do
in any order with any wording. Don’t worry about the how’s and when’s,
just get it out of your head in some form. A good rule of thumb: If you’re
stressed or anxious about it, add it to your list.
Clarify—Pluck out the vague ideas and worries and break them down into
specific tasks or steps. If you wrote down “Bank” now clarify whether you
need to go to the bank to get cashiers check, call the bank to ask about a
loan, or just check your balance online. If it’s a big project, like moving all
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your banking and investment accounts, for instance, you might need to
clarify and then break it down into several little steps. The smaller the
better. Small steps feel less intimidating, so you’re more likely to want to
tackle them first.
Organize—Now that you have the tasks clarified, you need to prioritize
them, attach due dates where you can, and maybe categorize them into
projects or types of tasks you can tackle all at once(for example, emails or
calls).
Reflect—Look over your to-do list on a daily and weekly basis. Are there
any steps in your projects that are still too vague? Break them down
further. Any due dates that are unreasonable now that you look back?
Adjust them. Are any items on the list no longer relevant? Get rid of
them.
Engage—Attack that list. You’re ready to get stuff done.
Todoist’s unique system of labels and filters work well with the GTD
method. Taylor Martin shared a short video on how he uses Todoist to
GTD. And our own Becky Kane recently shared her tips for making the
system work even better for you.
Want to know more?
Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity (the book)
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David Allen’s TED Talk
How I learned to suck less at GTD
Pomodoro/Sprints
Image credit to fractuslearning.com
Time commitment to get started: Low
Type: Abstract
Perfect for people who: Desperately need to get something done and have
a tendency to get distracted.
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What it does: Helps you maintain focus for longer by splitting your work
into short bursts.
If you find yourself putting off big tasks because the time they’ll take feels
too imitating, or you get distracted easily, you might do well with work
sprints.
Pomodoro is the most popular variation, though there are many others.
With Pomodoro you work for 25 minutes, take a five-minute break, and
then repeat until you’ve completed four sprints, after which you take a
longer break. It’s that simple.
Work, 25 minutes
Twitter, 5 minutes
Work, 25 minutes
Instagram, 5 minutes
Work, 25 minutes
Facebook, 5 minutes
Work 25 minutes
Half hour break – get up and stretch!
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While many people swear by this technique, others find that 25 minutes
isn’t enough to time to delve deeply into their work and the five-minute
break disrupts their concentration. If that’s the case for you, you can
adjust until you find the exact timing that works for you. There are a few
time structures others have found helpful, like 52/17 or 90/20.
Ready to get started?
Marinara (Web)
Pomodone (Windows and Mac desktop)
Pomodoro Time (iOS)
ClearFocus (Android)
Don’t Break the Chain
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Image credit to roozecentral.com
Time commitment to get started: Low
Type: Visual
Perfect for people who: Want to adopt new daily habits.
What it does: Encourages consistency in daily habits or tasks.
This technique was made famous by Jerry Seinfeld, who said that he
writes a joke every single day. No matter how he feels or whether he has
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anything to say, he writes at least one joke every day.
And how does he hold himself accountable to keeping this commitment?
A calendar — an old-school, hard copy calendar with the whole year on
one big page. Each day that he writes, he puts a big X on the calendar.
After a few days, a lovely chain of Xs emerges. If ever he’s tempted to skip
a day, he just has to look at the calendar where a single missed day will
ruin the aesthetic and stick out like a sore thumb.
This is obviously a great technique for adopting or ditching habits. It
doesn’t tell you much about your priorities, deadlines, or overall progress,
but if you’re trying to write a book or run a marathon, putting in the effort
every single day is the only way to get there.
Ready to get started?
Printable version for 2016 by Bechance
Don’t Break the Chain (iOS)
Habit Streak Pro (Android)
The Eisenhower Matrix
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Image credit to thetemptimes.wordpress.com
Time commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Visual
Perfect for people who: Like graphs, have trouble seeing things in black-
and-white, and would rather prioritize on a continuum than stuff tasks
into a few categories.
What it does: Identifies which tasks are priorities and which are just
distractions.
The Eisenhower Matrix is another simple method that allows you to
prioritize in a delightfully visual way: an XY axis. This is a great tool for
visual people. It allows for prioritizing complex projects, yet it’s quick and
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easy to implement.
Take a piece of paper and draw a very large plus sign; the X axis (a.k.a.
horizontal line) represents the level of urgency with the left side being the
most urgent and the right side the least. Your Y axis (vertical line)
represents importance, with the lowest importance at the bottom, highest
at the top.
You end up with four boxes: Urgent and Important, Less Urgent but still
Important, Less Important but Urgent, and Less important and Less
Urgent. You can place all your tasks on a continuum within the boxes,
giving you a clear visual understanding of what really needs to be done
now and what can (and should) wait.
The instructions are simple, you can create a new matrix with a pen and
a piece of paper any time you like. Just start drawing, and you’re off.
Ready to get started?
Grab a pen and paper
Or download the Eisenhower Matrix spreadsheet
Agile Results
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Image credit to gettingresults.com
Time commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract
Perfect for people who: Are goal-oriented and/or are tackling complex
projects and need to keep to a timeline.
What it does: Focuses on outcomes and prioritization while keeping
diligent watch over the scope of your projects and goals.
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Agile Results aims to align your day-to-day activities with your larger
goals. Like many productivity methods, it encourages working through
blocks, but it’s still achievement-oriented. It pushes you to take time to
reflect on what’s working and what could be improved. While many
methods focus only on moving forward, Agile has one eye on the past and
the other on the future.
To start using Agile Results, simply identify three outcomes you want to
see for the year, month, week, and day. When setting your daily goals,
you should make sure they align with your goals for the week. When you
set your goals for the week, they should align with your goals for the
month. Same for monthly and yearly goals. At the end of each time
period, look back and see how you did. What worked? What didn’t you
finish and why? Adjust as needed.
One of the most clever aspects of this method is the way it uses the vision
of the finished product as a motivator. By regularly reminding yourself of
your end goal, Agile Results re-ignites your enthusiasm and puts it to
work for you. It’s also a forgiving method. If you mess up your day or even
your week, that’s fine. Agile Results builds in time to think about what
went wrong and make better choices in the future.
Want to read more?
30 Days of Getting Results
Productivity System Overview: “Getting Results the Agile Way”
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Gettingresults.com
The To-Done List and the To-Don’t List
Image credit to cleanmama.net
Time commitment to get started: Medium
Type: Abstract
Perfect for people who: Spend too much time worrying about how much
didn’t get done yesterday/have a lot of bad habits that prevent
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productivity.
What it does: Flips the traditional to-do list on its head in order to look at
productivity in a new way.
The to-do list can feel a lot like a critical know-it-all sometimes. It
remembers that you swore you’d get through all your emails by the end of
the day and likes to remind you that you still have a big task overdue
from last week. It’s easy to lose sight of all of the things you did get done.
That’s where the to-done list comes in.
To make a to-done list, keep track of what you’ve accomplish throughout
the day. Rather than focusing on all that’s left to do, keep your focus on
your progress. Review your to-done list at the end of every day.
If you try this and it feels a little silly, stick it out for a day or two. You
might find that you’ve accomplished a lot more than you thought — and
research shows that progress (no matter how small) is a huge motivator.
If you’ve given the To-Done List a shot and find that little tasks (like
replies to unimportant emails) are still clogging up your day, you might
try the To-Don’t List.
It’s exactly what it sounds like. Make a list of activities and bad habits
that you want to avoid and write them down. Then check them off as you
manage to avoid each.
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This one also has a tendency to feel awkward and obvious at first. You
already know what you should and shouldn’t do with your time. But give
it a shot. You might find that the daily reminder is an effective way of
giving yourself a mission for the day ahead.
And when you reach the end of the day, you have a clear way of knowing
if you were productive. Did you manage to avoid repeating those bad
habits? Success!
Want to learn more?
The Art of the Done List: Harnessing the Power of Progress
The To-Don’t List: The Things You Will NOT Do
We’re on a serious mission to crowd source as much productivity wisdom
as possible. Did we miss any productivity methods that have worked for
you? Do you have a twist on any of the productivity methods we’ve listed
here that others could benefit from? Let us know in the comments below!
About the author: Tricina Elliker is a freelance writer, content strategist, and
productivity nerd in Portland, Oregon.
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