Thursday, October 2, 2014
Take Out:
• Writing utensil• Notes
Homework: Worksheet – Suleyman
Coming Up – Quiz on Wednesday!
- Age of Exploration & Ottoman Empire info
Today
• Islam & Ottoman Empire
Islam & the Ottoman Empire
World Map - 1600
Vocabulary
• Islam – the religion– literally, means submission or peace– Monotheistic religion
• Muslim – one who follows Islam• Allah – God
– Arabic word
• Qu’ran – Holy book– sometimes spelled in English as Koran – means
recitation
Vocabulary
• Hadiths – the record of Mohammed’s sayings and deeds
• Shariah – Islamic Law – Muslims must follow (but in reality only a small
percentage of Muslims practice complete Shariah)
• Caliph – successor• Pillar – belief
– There are five pillars of Islam
What is Islam?
• Monotheistic religion (one god)
• Hundreds of years old• Islam is practiced by 1/5
of the world’s population
What is Islam?
• What do Muslims believe?– Peace, mercy, forgiveness– One, Unique, Incomparable God– God’s complete authority over human destiny
and in life after death– Prophet Muhammad and angel Gabriel
Who Was Muhammad?• Born in 570
• First supernatural visit in 575
• Known for his truthfulness, generosity and sincerity– sought after to arbitrate disputes
• Calm and meditative
• Was content with his ordinary life, but that all changed one day…
Muhammad
• Gabriel, an angel, began speaking to Muhammad in a cave at the Mountain of Light
• Gabriel’s Revelation lasted for 23 years
• This is known as the Quran
Muhammad
• Muhammad began preaching in public to strangers in the streets in 613– Makkahn authorities saw this as a threat– Muhammad had to hide in his uncle’s castle
Muhammad• Muhammad escaped to Medina (“City of
the Prophet”) to avoid persecution– Called the Hijra
• Occurred in 622, which marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar
• 2014 = 1435–1436 AH
Muhammad
• Muhammad died in 632
• Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s best friend, became the first caliph
Message of Islam
• Five pillars of Islam:– Faith– Prayer– Fasting
• (month of Ramadan)
– Charity– Pilgrimage
• (Hajj – annual pilgrimage to Mecca)
Message of Islam
• Monotheism
• Allah (Arabic name for God)
• Qu’ran
• People are responsible for their actions
• Recognize no official priests
Ottoman Empire
• By 1300 a small Turkish state grew powerful– Became an
immense empire stretching across three continents
Ottoman Empire• First leader: Osman
– Westerners called him Othman– Called his followers Ottomans– Empire became known as Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
• Second leader: Osman’s son Orkhan– Declared himself sultan – “one with power”– Expanded empire
Ottoman Empire• Kept expanding under Orkhan’s sons
Ottoman Empire
• 1512, Ottoman Empire includes Islam’s holy cities– Mecca– Medina– Cairo (intellectual center of Muslim world)
Ottoman Empire
• Ottoman Empire – peak size and grandeur under Suleyman the Lawgiver– 1520-1566
Ottoman Empire - decline
• After? Slow decline due to incompetent leaders
Essential Question
What is Islam?
How did the Islamic Empire expand?
Expansion of the Islamic Empire