TIMBER TRACEABILITY IMPACT ON FOREST
GOVERNANCE IN TROPICAL COUNTRIES. The study case of Honduras
Student: Kawtar Bouassel Supervisor: Davide Pettenella
Course: 2015/2016 Co-supervisor: Daphne Hewitt
CONTENTS
Background
Objectives
Research methodology
Results and discussion
Conclusion
FAO FLEGT Programme
FAO FLEGT Programme
FAO FLEGT ProgrammeFAO FLEGT Programme
Illegal logging
Deforestation and forest degradation
Funding source for armed conflicts
Reduction of
forest environmental services
Loss of biodiversity
Government revenue losses
Habitat destruction
www.fauna-flora.org
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
GOOD FOREST GOVERNANCE
Governance of Forests Initiative
(GFI)
Accountability
Capacity
Coordination
Participation
Transparency
Different
definitions
Different
organizations
Different sets
of principles
FAO FLEGT Programme
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
Timber traceability
system
Good forest governance
Legality certification
Due diligenceResponsible management certification
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
TRACEABILITY
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
Harvest Transport ProcessingMarket
(domestic / exportation)
Supply chain
Organizations Control: Instruments + activities
Forest Management Plan, Tracking System, Monitoring documents, Invoices,
Contracts, Tax payment, etc.
Public Authorities Control
Control on the
field
Permits and
documentation
control
Law
enforcement
AND CONTROL
VERIFICATION
Organization Control
Public Authorities Control
Supply Chain
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
Check
processing
permits
Check
harvest
requirements
Compliance with all
applicable laws
Performance reporting
and monitoringCitizen
Monitoring
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
Timber traceability impact on forest governance
Conceptual framework for “Traceability”, “Control” and “Verification”
Identification of the impact on: “Accountability”, “Capacity”, “Coordination”, “Participation” and
“Transparency”
3. Analysis of expert perception about traceability impact on Good Forest Governance
Face to face interviews Interviews’ analysisPerceptions
interpretation
2. Description of Study case: Forest sector in Honduras
Literature review Other sources
1. Conceptual framework: Traceability + Control + Verification
Literature review Expert consultation
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
The interviews: 11 by Skype + 1 by phone
The language: Spanish
Translation: to English
Expert facilitator: Daphne Hewitt (FAO Forest officer)
Experts groups: 4
• Government
• Private sector
• NGOs
• Indigenous people
confederation
Sample: 13 experts
Response rate: 92.3%
Questionnaires : 4 different
Questions: 4 general + 2 specific = 6
STUDY CASE: HONDURAS
Dense woodland
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
STUDY CASE: HONDURAS
Natural resources
Forest cover= 50%
Conifers (49%)Broadleaves
(51%)
Deforestation annual net rate
1.2 %
Social context
People dependent on forest
resources: 1.5 million (75%)
Rural poverty: 60%
Corruption CPI index: 31/100
(0 = high corruption)
Political context
First forestry law : 1971
Nationalization of forests: 1974
New forestry law: 2008
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
L
Verification by entities implementing the
system (internal audit)
Verification by independent monitoring
organization
(external audit)
Conceptual framework
Traceability
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
Wood tracking
control
Legal
requirements
Control
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
Expert perception analysis
Expert perception of traceability impact on forest governance
Helps to identify and track the lack of
accountability
Guides the government in the capacity
building tasks.
Creates coordination between the
government sectors.
Promotes stakeholders’ involvement and
participation.
Induces the government to information
sharing and more transparency.
Timber
traceability
system
Good Forest
Governance
Expert perception analysis
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
0
1
2
3
4
5
Accountability Capacity Coordination Participation Transparency
Tra
ce
ab
ilit
y sys
tem
im
pa
ct
sca
le
Good forest governance principles
NGOs evaluation
IUCN
F. Vida
A. Verde
P. Latina
FDsF
Ag. Forestal
Expert perception analysis
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
0
1
2
3
4
5
Accountability Capacity Coordination Participation Transparency
Sca
le o
f in
flu
en
ce
Good forest governance principles
Traceability system impact on forest governance
Gov
P. sector
NGOS
Ind. People
Long term goals of timber
traceability system
Background Objectives Methodology Results ConclusionsMost frequent opinions Topic Experts category Conclusion
To enforce sustainable forest
management and move the country’s
governance toward sustainable
development.
Sustainability P. sector + NGOs Traceability system should
support sustainable
development.
To generate more knowledge, awareness,
sensitivity and understanding for civil
society.
Transparency and
Information
sharing
Government+ NGOs Traceability system should
raise the transparency and
society awareness.
Redistribution of the timber trade
benefits to reach poverty alleviation.
Equity P. sector + NGOs Traceability system should
promote equity in benefit
distribution.
To tackle illegal logging and combat
timber traffics and timber criminal
networks.
Legality Government + P.
sector + NGOs
Traceability system should
ensure timber legality and
law enforcement.
To increase trust and forest sector
authorities credibility and reduce
corruption.
Credibility Government + P.
sector + NGOs
Traceability system should
tackle corruption.
To minimize the level of deforestation in
the country.
Forest
conservation
P. sector + NGOs Traceability system should
increase forests natural
resources conservation.
To centralize the traceability information
and to update the information in real
time.
Efficiency and
effectiveness
Government Traceability system should be
efficient and effective.
Expert perception analysis
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
Most frequent opinions Topic Experts category Conclusion
To enforce sustainable forest
management and move the country’s
governance toward sustainable
development.
Sustainability Private sector +
NGOs
Traceability system should
support sustainable
development.
To generate more knowledge,
awareness, sensitivity and
understanding for civil society.
Transparency and
Information
sharing
Government+
NGOs
Traceability system should
raise the transparency and
society awareness.
Table : Long term goals of timber traceability system
Suggestions for further research:
New components of Good forest governance
Amplification of experts sample
Consideration of more study cases to compare
Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusions
Timber Traceability system impact on forest
governance
General impacts
• Relevant impacts on
“Accountability”, “Capacity”,
“Coordination”, “Participation”
and “Transparency”
• More credibility and less
corruption within the government.
• Forest conservation and
sustainable natural resources
management.
• Tropical deforestation and illegal
logging mitigation.
In the short term
• Additional cost introduction.
• Inequitable competition (Private sect.)
• More land use restrictions.
• Increased poverty.
• Social dissatisfaction.
In the long term
• Equity in benefits distribution.
• Sustainable economic development.
• Fairer competitiveness between all the
private sector actors.
• Timber price improvement.
• Honduras timber market expansion.
• More investments from the private
sector.
• More development funding from
international organizations.
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