Tina Maschi, PhD, LCSW, ACSWAssociate Professor
Fordham University Graduate School of Social ServiceExecutive Director, Be the Evidence Project
President, National Organization of Forensic Social Work
Caregiving & Incarceration Caregiving & Incarceration Evidence of Compassion, Mercy, and Redemption in PrisonEvidence of Compassion, Mercy, and Redemption in Prison
OverviewOverview Human Rights
The State of Death, Dying, and Prison Treatment as Usual
Peer Support, Compassion, Service, among the Incarcerated
Peer Support Program Exemplars
Human Rights as a Framework for Care Giving and Receiving
Article 8.Right to an
effective remedyby competent
tribunals
Article 9.No arbitrary
arrest, detentionor exile.
Article 7.All are equal
before the lawand entitled to
equal protection
Article 5.No one subjected
to torture or tocruel, inhuman or
degradingtreatment orpunishment.
Article 3.Right to life,liberty andsecurity of
person.
Article 4.No one shall be
held in slavery orservitude.
Article 2.Entitled to all
rights andfreedoms
THE HUMAN RIGHTS MAP: EIGHT DOMAINS OF WELL-BEING AND THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
CulturalWell Being
Mental WellBeing
SocialWell Being
SpiritualWell Being
EconomicWell Being
EducationalWell Being
PhysicalWell Being
Article 6.Everyone hasthe right torecognition
before the law
Article 11.Right to bepresumedinnocent.
Article 12.Right to privacy,
family, home,correspondence.
Article 10.Right to fair andpublic hearingby an impartial
tribunal.
Article 13.Right to freedom
of movementand residence.
Article 15.Right to a
nationality.
Article 16.Right to marry
and family withthe free consent.Right to family
protection.
Article 14.Right to seek
and enjoyasylum frompersecution.
Article 30.Declaration may
not be interpretedfor destruction of
any rights andfreedoms.
Article 29.Everyone hasduties to the
community forthe full
development ofpersonality.
Article 1.Freedom,
equality, rightsfor all. Act in
spirit ofbrotherhood
Article 27.Right freely to
participate in thecultural life of
the community.
Article 26.Right to
education.
Article 28.Entitled to a social
& internationalorder where rights
& freedoms arerecognized
Article 25.Right to a
standard ofliving adequatefor the health
and well-being.
Article 23.Right to work, ,
good workconditions, equal
pay, form andjoin trade unions.
Article 22.Right to social
security.
Article 24.Everyone has
the right to restand leisure.
Article 18.Right to freedom
of thought,conscience and
religion.
Article 20.Right to freedom
of peacefulassembly andassociation.
Article 19.Right to freedom
of opinion andexpression
Article 21.Right to part ingovernment,
have access topublic service.
Article 17.Right to own
property.
PoliticalWell Being
Individual,Family
List Here
LegalWell Being
Health &Well-Being
IndividualFamily
Community
The Whole Person in the Social Environment
Human RightsValues
Dignity, Respect, Intrinsic ValueDuty to Others
Human Rights• Political• Civil• Economic• Social • Cultural
• Root (basic needs)• Physical• Cognitive• Emotional• Social /Cultural• Spiritual• Participatory
(Maschi, 2011)
The Critical Omega Point:The Critical Omega Point:How Did You Think We Got Here?How Did You Think We Got Here?
U.S-Global Mass Incarcerator (2.3 million in prison, 16% aged 50 and older)
Accelerated aging (i.e., biological vs. chronological age, e.g., early cognitive and physical decline, dementia, early mortality) in prison populations
Record numbers die a year in prison of many causes (e.g., U.S. in 2012; N = 5,000)
Lack of adequate specialized long term and hospice care or use of compassionate release laws
Undignified Practices: Incarcerated person died in shackles chained to his bed in New Orleans hospital (1984)
(BJS, 2012; Finlay, 1998; Marushak,2008 WHO, 2010)
Common Cumulative Individual, Social and Structural Determinants: for
Health, Well-being, and CJ Involvement•Race •Gender•Age•Physical & Mental Disabilities•Empathy and Moral Development•Decision-Making and Problem Solving Skills•Health Histories•Substance Use•Offense History•Trauma/Stress/Victimization•Poverty/Income•Education/Employment•Homelessness•Offense History•Oppression, Stigma, Discrimination•Policies (Therapeutic Jurisprudence)
•Social Support• Family, Peers, Community
•Access to Services or Legal Assistance•Prior Service Use•Environment (Prison, Violence, Inadequate Healthcare)
The Critical Omega (End)
Point-Age, Death and
Dying Human Made
DisasterAlpha-the Beginning
Understanding the Problem From A Heightened Understanding the Problem From A Heightened Global Historic Consciousness PerspectiveGlobal Historic Consciousness Perspective
Trajectory of Care Giving Systems Trajectory of Care Giving Systems That Influence Aging, Longevity, That Influence Aging, Longevity, and Justiceand Justice
The Pathway to the Black Box of Prison for Older and Social Disadvantaged Populations
Why the Rise of the Seriously Why the Rise of the Seriously Ill and Dying in Prison?Ill and Dying in Prison?
General growth in global aging population
Ebb and flow of stricter punitive approaches vs. compassionate/restorative approaches 1980s U.S. stricter sentencing policies (e.g., violent
crimes), disproportionate and unjust sentences and and then adopted worldwide
Created rapidly growing international human made disaster of the mass incarceration of elderly and other socially disadvantaged groups
Additional Lack of Prison Restorative Justice Practice and Fair Parole and Compassionate Release Laws and Practices
(ACLU, 2012; Aday, 2003; HRW, 2012; Maschi et al., 2011; in press; UNDOC, 2009; Wahidin, 2004; WHO, 2011; Williams et al., 2011, 2012)
Problem: Multisystemic Problem: Multisystemic BarriersBarriers
Corrections is ill-prepared to address the problem alone:Providing holistic long-term health and social care; or Addressing the cumulative determinants of disadvantage (‘social determinants of health’) Multi-system service and large scale policy reform that infuses compassion and restorationTraining interdisciplinary professionalsEmpowering individuals, families, and communities adversely affectedEffectively addressing negative public attitudes towards stigmatized groups and sensitive topics
attitudes towards aging, death and dying, crime and victimization, public safety counter arguments
(ACLU, 2012; Aday, 2003; HRW, 2012; Maschi et al., 2011; in press; UNDOC, 2009; WHO, 2011; Williams et al., 2011, 2012)
Heterogeneity of Aging in Place: The Heterogeneity of Aging in Place: The Intersection of Sentence Length & Intersection of Sentence Length & Comorbid Special NeedsComorbid Special Needs
Prison Sentence Length
Life Course Older Adults in Prison (Long-termer Incarcerated early in life)-serving long sentences (20+ years) often for violent offenses
Acute and Chronic Older Person with Recidivism History-cycle in and out of prison
Late Onset Older Adult in Prison-incarcerated later in life and serving various sentence lengths
Possible Special Needs Comorbidities
Older Prisoners
Ethnic and Racial Minorities and Indigenous Peoples
Prisoners with Mental Health Care Needs
Prisoners with Disabilities
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Persons
Foreign National Persons
Persons Under Sentence of Death
Women(may have one or more special needs-
implications for access to justice)
(e.g.,Goetting, 1983; HRW, 2012; Maschi et al., 2012; Williams et al. 2012)
Age and Sentence Length-US Age and Sentence Length-US State PrisonsState Prisons
(HRW, 2012, p. 26; National Corrections Reporting Program Note: Based on 24 states reporting year-end prison population data for 2009.
Sentence in Months Age ≤ 120 121-240 More than
240
Life without
parole
Life plus
additional
years
Life Death Total
≤20 years 25,890 1,882 786 83 8 529 - 29,178
88.8% 6.5% 2.7% 0.3% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% 100%
21 – 30 years 196,965 27,815 12,711 1,825 89 8,490 153 248,048
79.4% 11.2% 5.1% 0.7% 0.0% 3.4% 0.1% 100%
31 – 40 years 141,270 33,491 25,299 3,237 434 17,438 471 221,640
63.7% 15.1% 11.4% 1.5% 0.2% 7.9% 0.2% 100%
41 – 50 years 103,552 27,478 29,189 2,562 695 19,119 520 183,115
56.5% 15.0% 15.9% 1.4% 0.4% 10.4% 0.3% 100%
51 – 60 years 36,646 11,556 15,618 1,511 580 12,618 307 78,836
46.5% 14.7% 19.8% 1.9% 0.7% 16.0% 0.4% 100%
61 – 70 years 6,656 2,890 3,721 476 201 4,517 113 18,574
35.8% 15.6% 20.0% 2.6% 1.1% 24.3% 0.6% 100%
71 – 80 years 1,047 539 581 75 28 924 9 3,203
32.7% 16.8% 18.1% 2.3% 0.9% 28.8% 0.3% 100%
> 80 years 108 57 54 9 4 124 1 357
30.2% 16.0% 15.1% 2.5% 1.1% 34.7% 0.3% 100%
Total 512,134 105,708 87,959 9,778 2,039 63,759 1,574 782,951
65.4% 13.5% 11.2% 1.2% 0.3% 8.1% 0.2% 100%
U.S. State Prisoners Statistics on U.S. State Prisoners Statistics on Cause of Deaths by Demographics Cause of Deaths by Demographics (BJS, 2010)(BJS, 2010)
Heart liver Resp ira tory All o ther Drug/a lcohol disease Cancer disease diseases AIDS illnesses Suicide intoxication Accident Hom icide
8,415 7,833 2,442 2,025 1,540 6,086 1,994 3 9 8 290 5 1 5
TABLE 21 Number of state prisoner deaths,by cause of death and selected characteristics,2001-2010
Illness
Characteristic
Tota l
Sex
M ale 8,234 7,500 2,318 1 ,921 1,460 5,739 1 ,8 9 3 3 8 4 278 511 Female 1 8 1 3 3 3 124 1 0 4 8 0 347 1 0 0 1 4 1 2 4
Race/Hispanic origin•
W hite 4,428 4,195 1,299 1 ,101 3 1 8 2 ,8 0 0 1 ,1 5 8 231 1 5 7 234 Black/African Am erican 3,194 2,827 607 711 1,0 4 0 2,384 419 7 2 89 1 7 6 H is panic /Latino 685 661 473 1 8 9 1 6 9 792 3 3 0 7 9 35 8 8 O therb 101 1 2 9 6 0 21 12 97 8 0 1 6 8 1 5
Age
1 7 or younger 0 0 2 9 0 1 8 -2 4 8 0 4 3 8 4 5 16 9 3 2 8 8 2 4 2 2 6 4 2 5 -3 4 4 0 8 200 5 4 1 3 9 204 3 6 8 6 5 6 111 6 4 144 3 5 -4 4 1,296 882 3 8 1 2 7 6 661 1 ,0 7 0 571 1 4 6 7 4 1 4 9 4 5 -5 4 2,366 2,498 1 ,226 4 8 4 512 2,088 341 8 8 7 2 1 0 6
55 or o lder 4,262 4 ,2 0 6 7 7 2 1 ,0 7 8 1 4 7 2 ,4 6 0 1 2 9 29 5 7 5 1 N ote: D ata m ay have been revised from previously published statistics to reflec t upda ted in form a tion .D e ta il m ay not sum to tota l due to m issing data.
' Excludes persons o fH ispanic/La tino orig in unless specified. blncludes A m erican Ind ian or A laska N ative, Asian or Pacific Is landers ,and persons identifying two or m ore ra ce s.
Source: Bureau o f Justice S ta tis tics,D eaths in C ustody R eporting Program, 2 0 0 1 -2 0 1 0 .
Crime Type and Age-US State Crime Type and Age-US State Prisons (2009)Prisons (2009)
Offense Types
Age < 55
Age ≥ 55
Total Percent
≥ 55 in offense group
Percent with
offense in ≥ 55
Percent with
offense in < 55
Violent 436,509
44,924 481,433
9.3% 65.3% 49.6%
Sexual crimes among violent
89,193 16,892 106,085
15.9% 24.6% 10.1%
Property 173,685
8,425 182,110
4.6% 12.3% 19.7%
Drugs 165,594
8,225 173,819
4.7% 12.0% 18.8%
Public offense 95,722 6,678 102,400
6.5% 9.7% 10.9%
Other/unspecified
8,245 512 8,757 5.8% 0.7% 0.9%
Total 879,755
68,764 948,519
7.2% 100% 100%
(HRW, 20120, p. 27; National Corrections Reporting Program Note: Based on 24 states reporting year-end prison population data for 2009.
MethodsMethods Funder: John A. Hartford Foundation and Gerontological
Society of America-Geriatric Social Work Faculty Scholars Award
Principal Investigator: Tina Maschi, PhD, LCSW, ACSW
Design: Cross-Sectional Correlational Mixed Methods Design
Sample: 677 older adults in prison
654 men; 24 women
Measures: Life Stressors Checklist-Revised, open-ended questions
Data Collection: Mailed Survey (Dillman 4 step method)
Quantitative Analysis: Descriptive AnalysisQualitative Data Analysis: Grounded Theory Approach
Holistic Portrait: Participants’ Self Reported Personal Histories (N = 667)
Holistic Portrait: Participants’ Self-Reported Health Histories (N = 672)
Personal and Professional Contacts Personal and Professional Contacts (past 3 months)(past 3 months)
Method of Contact (N =632)
Personal ContactNo Contact
Phone
ContactVisits Phone Contact
& VisitsLetters
• Marital or Life Partner67.5 14.1 9.2 8.7 0.5
• Children59.8 17.6 12.9 8.2 1.6
• Grandchildren77.4 10.3 7.5 3.9 0.9
• Siblings48.5 27.8 13.6 7.6 2.5
• Parents69.8 12.3 9.0 5.2 0.7
• Friends64.1 19.7 10.2 3.8 2.2
Professional Contact No Contact Phone Contact
Visits Phone Contact and Visits
Letters
• Teachers 92.1 1.1 6.5 .4 X
• Social Workers 63.3 2.5 33.7 .5 X
• Medical Staff 33.9 2.8 62.7 .7 X
• Psychologists 68.9 1.3 29.8 X X
• Psychiatrists 74.7 1.1 24.2 X X
• Other Incarcerated Persons 57.3 2.1 39.8 .6 .2
• Probation/Parole Officers 89.6 1.1 9.1 .2 X
• Religious Volunteers/Staff 57.0 .9 41.4 .5 .2
Life and Death in Life and Death in PrisonPrisonQuote from ‘Mary’, 66 year old woman in prison-Served 5 years
Prison is a hard place. Pure Hell! As long as you are in khaki, you are considered non-human. I miss my family and want to go home so bad. I don't feel there is enough mental health available on a regular basis or the comfortable feeling of just expressing yourself without the fear of being put in lockdown. The elder suffer the most because there isn't much for them, us. The medical here makes no sense. Until you have an ailment, you are put off and time holds you back. I have the starts of osteoporosis and seeing how some people young and old are treated makes me suffer and deal with it. I look at it that I will deal with it when I get home. In the meantime I hurt and deal with it. Prayer and God is what gets me through every day, moment, second I am here. Overall it's horrible and wouldn't wish this on my worst enemy.
From T. Maschi (2010) John A. Hartford and Gerontological Society of America Geriatric Social Work Scholars Funded Project
Life and Death in Life and Death in PrisonPrisonQuote from ‘Joseph’, 57 year old man in prison
I was assigned to a job in the Prison Infirmary (E.C.U.) as a porter. The infirmary job was often very depressing. They have a couple of padded cells there and the screams of tormented souls could be heard throughout many shifts. There were also what we called the "death rooms". These were a row of 5-6 cells which housed terminally ill inmates. They had been brought in from prisons throughout the state. Many were fairly young. The medical "professionals" working here had minimal interaction with them; they were largely cared for by-care inmate volunteers. When one of the terminal cases passed away, and ambulance would eventually arrive to take the body out of the prison. The guards and medical staff would not help "bag and tag" the body, so it was left to us porters to assist in it.
From T. Maschi (2010) John A. Hartford and Gerontological Society of America Geriatric Social Work Scholars Funded Project
Life and Death in Life and Death in PrisonPrisonQuote from ‘Joseph’, a 57 year old man in prison (continued)
The apathy of the guards toward dying inmates was unconscionable. We had one inmate about 30 years old whose wife and 2 small children were given permission for a special visit because he was near death. As shift change approached, a nurse entered the room and the family had to stand outside of the door. A female guard yelled to the nurse, "Isn't he dead yet? I don't want to have to stay late to do the paperwork." The two little girls were sobbing in no time. We also had an inmate turn 100 years old there. He was completely bed-ridden. He passed away eventually. I was left wondering how society was being served by that. In the 6 months that I worked there, 6-7 inmates passed away. Hepatitis and diabetes cases abounded, with many amputations.
. From T. Maschi (2010) John A. Hartford and Gerontological Society of America Geriatric Social Work Scholars Funded Project
Qualitative FindingsQualitative Findings
Life Course Trauma and Social Life Course Trauma and Social ContextsContexts
On average, adults aged 50+ report 3 lifetime traumatic or stressful life events and current subjective distress
80% report being witnesses to or victims of family and/or community violence, including war
60% report an unexpected death-someone class
40% report trauma and stress symptoms to being diagnosed with a serious physical or mental illness and retraumatization in healthcare settings
25% caregiver of person with serious illness
28% reported forced separation from a child
5%-have child with a handicap
60% report abuse and stress in prison
From T. Maschi (2010) John A. Hartford and Gerontological Society of America Geriatric Social Work Scholars Funded Project
Serving Life Serving Life DocumentaryDocumentary
"Serving Life" takes viewers inside Louisiana's maximum security prison at Angola, where the average sentence is more than 90 years. The prisoners within its walls are the worst of the worst - rapists, kidnappers and murderers. With prison sentences so long, 85 percent will never again live in the outside world. Instead, the will grow old and die in Angola. "Serving Life" documents an extraordinary hospice program where hardened criminals care for their dying fellow inmates. In doing so, they embark on a journey that may end in personal rehabilitation. " 'Serving Life' reveals the humanity that exists inside each and every one of us," said Whitaker. "In the Angola prison's hospice, we meet inmates who decide to take an opportunity for redemption, reminding us of the connection that exists between each and every human being." The volunteers are trained, pushed and tested. Some fail, but some succeed and discover that the human touch can reach the soul. "I thought maybe if I helped somebody else," one inmate says, "that would help relieve some of the guilt."
From: http://press.discovery.com/us/own/programs/serving-life/
Local to Global Innovations that Incorporate Human Rights
and Compassion in Corrections
IN SMALL PLACES IN SMALL PLACES CLOSE TO HOMECLOSE TO HOME
Findings: Wellness ActivitiesFindings: Wellness ActivitiesPsychosocial Spiritual Empowerment Psychosocial Spiritual Empowerment Medicine: Qualitative FindingsMedicine: Qualitative Findings
Exercise (4) I do yoga all the time
Pray (6) Read (4)
Pray and read the Quran
Anger management (1) Music (1)
Music relaxation are my stress relievers
Meditate (1) Self Reflection (1)
Read, study, work on self, and improvement, attitude, behaviors
Leadership and Social Participation (Participatory) (5)
Programs, exercise, palliative care worker, working with at risk juveniles, etc…
Focus on victim program, exercise, computer workforce, community awareness day, HIV AIDS group
Read my Bible, I am a minister now. I do all things the word way
NA and AA Exercise, work (strip & buff floors),
write letters, talk on the phone
What Kinds of Things Did You Do in the Past Month to Manage Stress?
Promising Practices-Common Promising Practices-Common Factors Factors
Human Rights-Based & Target One or More Domains of Well-Being
[root (basic needs), physical, cognitive, emotional, social/cultural, spiritual, participatory]
1. Geriatric case management (medical, mental health, substance abuse,, family services, social services, housing, educational or vocational training, victim-offender mediation, spiritual counseling, physical exercise, employment or benefits counseling)
2. Culturally responsive-address one or more special needs populations
3. Establishment of safe and peaceful environment
4. Assessment of cognitive and physical capacity to establish service needs (as opposed to chronological age)
5. Availability sensitive environmental modifications (including segregated units, specialized lighting and open shared meeting space)
6. Holistic dementia and palliative and end-of-life care
7. Complementary medicine (e.g., arts, pet therapy, massage, folk healing or spiritual practices)
8. Family and peer accessibility
9. Peer support models (in-prison or community)
10. Victim and advocacy services
11. Human, Civil, and Legal Rights
Promising Practices-Promising Practices-ExemplarsExemplars
Prison or Community The Unit for Cognitively Impaired (UCI)
(Fishkill, NY Corrections)-Dementia Unit-innovative, holistic design
Prison Hospices with Peer Support (Prison and Community) Angola State Prison Hospice Unit -Hospice with peer
support component California Men’s Colony-Treatment of serious and
terminally ill with peer support component INFIRM: Community Program in Canada with Human
Rights Framework True Grit Program-Geriatric Structure
Programming in Nevada Prison India-Long Termers Family-Focused Open Prison
(Aday & Krabill, 2012; Harrison, 2006. UNODC, 2009; Maschi et al., 2011, 2012)
What ‘Lifers’ Can Teach Us About What ‘Lifers’ Can Teach Us About Thinking Outside of the Prison Box: Thinking Outside of the Prison Box: ‘Prisons of Peace”‘Prisons of Peace”
Welcome to Prison of Peace Prison of Peace is a pro bono project created by professional mediators Laurel Kaufer, Esq. and Douglas E. Noll, Esq. at the request of life and long term inmates at Valley State Prison for Women in Chowchilla, CA.
Prisoners as Peacemakers? How is it that women, with dark pasts, many of them serving time for murder and manslaughter, could possibly be peacemakers?
It Started With a Letter... The story is one of personal commitment to themselves and the community in which most are destined to live out their lives.“This is an environment filled with conflict and violence. There is a dire need and want for change,” said Susan Russo, one of the fifteen initial peacemakers, serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole at Valley State Prison for Women in Chowchilla, CA. “Mediation interests all of us because we are lifers and long-termers hoping to make a difference in teaching our peers that there is a better way.” Beginning her quest in 2007, Ms. Russo wrote over 50 handwritten letters from prison to mediators all over California. Her letters went unanswered until August of 2009 when one of her letters made it to Laurel Kaufer, Esq., a well-known Southern California mediator and peacemaker and founder of the post-Katrina Mississippi Mediation Project. “As soon as I read the letter, I was hooked, but also knew that I couldn’t do it alone. Still standing at the mailbox, I called my friend and colleague, Doug Noll, the only person I would consider working with on a project like this,” said Ms. Kaufer. “Doug is a superb trainer, mediator, and restorative justice expert. I read the letter to him. He was silent for about a nano-second before he said, ‘I’m in. What’s our next step?’”
The Goals of Prison of PeaceTo teach personal emotional intelligence skills to inmates To teach essential personal problem-solving skills to inmates To introduce and teach the restorative process of peace circles To introduce and teach the principles of moral engagement To teach basic mediation skills as third party neutrals To embed peacemaking, defined as collaborative, respectful problem-solving processes to resolve interpersonal and group conflicts, within the prison. To create capacity to continue the expansion of training and knowledge within the prison by training inmates to be instructors and trainers. To create a sustainable program of peace building within the prison To provide an avenue for continuing education and training for correctional officers and administrators in conflict resolution, peacemaking, and restorative justice.
http://www.prisonofpeace.org/index.html
Sensei Charles "Chas" Sensei Charles "Chas" RansomeRansome
http://www.manipulatedtrial.de/Chas%20Ransome.htm
President of the Lifers & Long Termers Organization at the Otisville Correctional Facility in New York. The Lifers & Long Termers Organization (LLO)
Lifers & Long Termers Lifers & Long Termers Organization Organization Otisville Correctional Facility, Otisville Correctional Facility, Otisville, New York-1Otisville, New York-1
Current Board consists of:Chas Ransome 85-A-1643 PresidentVacant Vacant Vice PresidentRonnie Bush 85-B-1355 TreasurerAlejo Rodriquez 86-A-0607 SecretaryHaroldCummings 88T1116 Sgt. Of Arms
Lifers & Long Termers Organization Lifers & Long Termers Organization OtisvilleOtisvilleCorrectional Facility, Otisville, New Correctional Facility, Otisville, New York-2York-2
Current Board consists of:Chas Ransome 85-A-1643 PresidentVacant Vacant Vice PresidentRonnie Bush 85-B-1355 TreasurerAlejo Rodriquez 86-A-0607 SecretaryHaroldCummings 88T1116 Sgt. Of Arms
Be the Evidence You Want to See in the World
TAKE AWAY MESSAGETAKE AWAY MESSAGE“To forgive is to set a prisoner free and discover that the prisoner was you.”
-Lewis Smedes
For More Information If you are interested in getting of this presentation
or articles referenced in this presentation:
Visit Be the Evidence Project Aging in the Criminal Justice Project at: http://www.fordham.edu/btep
Contact Tina Maschi at [email protected] Principal Investigator: Tina Maschi, PhD, LCSW, ACSW
Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service
113 West 60th Street New York, NY 10023/
Tel: (914) 367-3105/Fax: (914) 367-3112
Email: [email protected]
Resource LinksResource Links Council on Social Work Education
Gero-Ed Center Aging Times Special Issue on Aging in the
Criminal Justice System:
http://www.magnetmail.net/actions/email_web_version.cfm?message_id=2036636&user_id=CSWE
Web links provides bibliography and media resources, and special report links
Select ReferencesSelect References Aday, R. H. (2003). Aging prisoners: Crisis in American corrections. Westport, CT: Praeger. American Civil Liberties Union [ACLU] (2012) At America’s Expense: The Mass Incarceration of the
Elderly. Washington, DC: Author. Chiu, T., (2010). It’s about time: Aging prisoners, increasing costs, and geriatric release. New York: Vera
Institute of Justice. Davidson, L. & Rowe, M. (Davidson, L. & Rowe, M. (2010). Peer support within criminal justice settings:
The role of forensic peer specialists. Retrieved May 9, 2011 from http://gainscenter.samhsa.gov/pdfs/integrating/Davidson_Rowe_Peersupport.pdf
Dawes, J. (2009). Ageing Prisoners: Issues for social work. Australian Social Work, 62(2), 258-271. Falter, R.G. (2006). Elderly inmates: An emerging correctional population. Correctional Health Journal, 1,
52-69. Human Rights Watch [HRW] (2012). Old behind bars. Retrieved January 30, 2012 from
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2012/01/27/old-behind-bars James, D.J., & Glaze, L.E. (2006). Mental health problems of prison and jail inmates. (NCJ Publication No.
213600). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Justice. Kinsella, C. (2004). Correctional health care costs. Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments. Maruschak, L. M. (2008). Medical problems of prisoners (NCJ Publication No. 221740). Rockville, MD: US
Department of Justice. London, England: Author.
Select ReferencesSelect References Maschi, T., Sutfin, S., & O’Connor, B. (2012). Aging, mental health, and the criminal justice system.
Journal of Forensic Social Work, 2 (2/3), pp. 162-185. DOI:10.1080/1936928X.2012.750254. Maschi, T., Viola, D., & Sun, F. (2012). The high cost of the international aging prisoner crisis: Well-
being as the common denominator for action. Gerontologist. doi: 10.1093/geront/gns125, first published on October 4, 2012.
Maschi, T., & Baer, J.C. (2012). The heterogeneity of the world assumptions of older adults in prison: Do differing worldviews have a mental health effect? Traumatology. doi: 1534765612443294, first published on April 24, 2012
Maschi, T., & Baer, J.C., Morrissey, M.B., & Moreno, C. (2012). The aftermath of childhood trauma on late life mental and physical health: A review of the literature. Traumatology. doi: 1534765612437377, first published on April 16, 2012
Maschi, T., Kwak, J., Ko, E.J., & Morrissey, M. (2012). Forget me not: Dementia in prisons. The Gerontologist, doi: 10.1093/geront/gnr131
Prison Reform Trust (2008) Doing Time: The Experiences and Needs of Older People in Prison, London: Prison Reform Trust.
Also find more resources at: http://www.magnetmail.net/actions/email_web_version.cfm?
message_id=2036636&user_id=CSWE