To earn your energy badge, and earn 25 bonus points, you must score at least an 80% on your Energy Quiz and accumulate 100 points from the following:
Complete the following class activities:• Maple Syrup: Photosynthesis at Work (15 points)• Case Study: The Mystery of the Seven Deaths (5 points)• Food Web/Pyramid Poster (15 points)• Lab – Exercise and Cellular Respiration (25 points)
Complete at least one of the following:• 10 Facts on Photosynthesis (10 points)• Crash Course Photosynthesis (10 points)• Light Intensity and Photosynthesis Activity (10 points)• Exploring Wavelength (10 points)• Photosynthesis Worksheet (10 points)• Diagramming Photosynthesis (10 points)
Complete at least one of the following:• Cell Respiration and Exercise Article and Questions (10 points)• Crash Course ATP and Respiration (10 points)• Fatigue and the Ability to Do Work (10 points)• Measuring Cell Respiration Activity (10 points)• Cell Respiration Practice Test (10 points)• Diagramming Cell Respiration (10 points)• Case Study: Wrestling with Weight Loss – the Dangers of DNP (10 points)
Complete at least one of the following:• Macroinvertebrate Feeding Frenzy Article and Questions (10 points)• Crash Course Links in the Chain (10 points)• Helping Wildlife Article and Questions (10 points)• Does Soup Provide a Complete Meal (10 points)• Deer Predation (10 points)• Pocono Energy Flow (10 points)
DUE DATEFriday April 13, 2018
Submit work as you complete it
Living things need to
acquire energy; this is
a characteristic of life.
EnergyWhat is Energy?
• The capacity to cause change• The ability to do work• The ability to rearrange matter
Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or
destroyed• Energy can be converted from
one form to another
Introduction to Energy
Energy is in two basic forms:
1. Potential energy - stored energy
2. Kinetic energy - energy in motion
i.e. car at top of hill, coiled spring, ball
ready to be dropped
i.e. car rolling, spring unwinding, ball
falling
Energy Flow
Origin of virtually all the energy on Earth is the Sun
1. How much sunlight actually reaches the Earth?
2. How much sunlight is used to power Earth’s physical processes?
3. How much sunlight actually reaches producers in the biosphere?
From that little bit of light, we get over 170 billion tons of
organic matter each year
Flow of Energy
The flow of energy in ecosystems
occurs in one direction; energy does
not cycle.
Energy is not created,
destroyed, or recycled
Energy is eventually
released as heat
Figure 5.2
Fuel rich inchemicalenergy
Energy conversionWaste productspoor in chemicalenergy
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Energy conversion in a car
Energy for cellular work
Energy conversion in a cell
Heatenergy
Heatenergy
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Combustion
Cellularrespiration
Kinetic energy of movement
ATP
Octane(from gasoline)
Glucose(from food)
Water
Water
7
Energy in the CellIn the cell, different structures and processes exist for the
Production of Energy Storage of Energy
Release of Energy
Cells use energy for
Homeostasis Movement and Feeding
Cell Division Enzyme Production
Cell organelles involves in energy include:
Nucleus – Operation of the Cell
Chloroplast – Energy production
Mitochondria – Energy production
Lysosome – Digestion
Vacuole – Storage
6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Sunlight
Chlorophyll
Plants, algae, & some bacteria all contain chlorophyll
Plants and algae – Chloroplast
Bacteria – Cytoplasm
Photosynthesis
Factors affecting photosynthesis
Light Intensity
Wavelength
Light Dependent Reaction Light IndependentReaction
Requires Sunlight Does not require sunlight
Produces oxygen gas Consumes carbon dioxide
Produces material neededfor Light Independent Reaction
Produces energy molecules that will be converted to sugars in the plant
Cellular respiration occurs in all living things and is the
release of this energy a little bit at a time
6 CO2 + 6 H2OC6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular RespirationGlucose (C6H12O6) is a product of photosynthesis and is
the basic food for all living things
Glucose contains so much energy, the cell would die if
all the energy were released at one time
Two paths for respiration
Aerobic – Oxygen is available to the cell
Anaerobic – Oxygen is unavailable to the cell
Produces 2 energy molecules
Glycolysis
Breaking of the glucose
Occurs in the cytoplasm
Converts the 6-carbon sugar into two 3-carbon
compounds called pyruvates
Anaerobic respiration (no oxygen)
Glucose
Glycolosis
Alcohol
Lactic Acid
Electron Transport
Chain
Kreb Cycle Fermentation
Aerobic Anaerobic
Glucose
Glycolosis
Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Complementary
processes
Both reactions
must occur for
organisms to
have usable
energy
Comparison of Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Chloroplast/Cytoplasm Mitochondria
Food accumulated Food broken down
Energy from light Energy from chemical bonds
Stores energy Releases energy
Reactants: CO2, H2O Reactants: Glucose and O2
Products: Glucose, O2 Products: CO2, H2O
Only in presence of light Occurs day and night
Requires chlorophyll Occurs in all living cells
Introduction to Energy
Energy in organisms is either produced or
consumed:
Producers (aka autotrophs) –
Organisms that can convert
chemical or light energy to food
Consumers (aka heterotrophs) –
Organisms that cannot make
their own food
Eats plant material Eats other animal material
Eats anything
Eats dead stuff
Breaks down dead stuff at the microscopic level
A calorie is the amount of
energy that can raise the
temperature of one gram of
water by 1 degree Celsius.
Food Calories are
kilocalories, equal to 1,000
calories.
Ecosystem’s energy budget is based on the
potential photosynthetic activity
Energy Production
Aquatic Ecosystems Terrestrial Ecosystems
Production is limited by:
•Light Intensity
•Water Temperature
•Inorganic Nutrients
Production is limited by:
•Precipitation
•Temperature
•Light Intensity
•Inorganic Nutrients
Aquatic ecosystems are the major producers on
Earth
Food Chains, Webs, &
PyramidsRepresent transfer of energy between organisms
Each link is a trophic level
Detritus food chains are most important
Chains Webs Pyramids
Simplest but least accurate
Shows interaction between multiple food chains
Number – How ManyBiomass – Number + SizeEnergy – Number + Size + Fecundity
Biomass = The total mass of all organisms in an
ecosystem
Biomass
The further removed a trophic level is from its
source, the less biomass it will contain
Average American eats more grain than people
in Third World countries
Herbivores make more efficient use of food
than carnivores