8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
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AMYZC@K%AC%KIYZI! 36%39-
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
2/98
^meec`ri
Vm|crf~
^y~vc`kcbai
@kfy~vr`caNmexiv`v`ziki~~
Xma`np
@~~yi~ xcxir vm IY E`k`~vir~
mj @kfy~vrp Nmykn`a Xcrv @
Likirc jrcei|mro
3+
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai
@kfy~vr`caNmexiv`v`ziki~~
xma`np
@~~yi~ xcxir vm IY E`k`~vir~ mj@kfy~vrp
Xcrv @@ C
^EI~! @kkmzcv`mk ckf Lrm|vd
2+
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai
@kfy~vr`caNmexiv`v`ziki~~
xma`np
@~~yi~ xcxir vm IY E`k`~vir~ mj
@kfy~vrp
Xcrv @@ B
Vrck~jmrecv`mk ckf Ri~myrni%
`kvik~`zi @kfy~vr`i~
>+
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
3/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`caNmexiv`v ziki~~ Xma`np
@~~yi~ xcxir vm IY E`k`~vir~ mj @kfy~vrp Nmykn`a
Xcrv @
Likirca jrcei|mro
Na`ikv7 E`k`~vri fi a,Inmkme`i! fi~ XEI! fy Nmeeirni
itvr`iyr iv fi~ Vindkmaml`i~ kmyziaai~ fy Lmyzirkieikv
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INMRP^ Bry~~ia~ KZ `k xcrvkir~d`x |`vd @FIC Nmk~yav KZ
Bry~~ia~! 34vd
Gyki 2838
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
4/98
INMRP^ Bry~~ia~ KZ
Ryi Gm~ixd @@! 0%3>
3888 Bry~~ia~
Bial`ye
V />2 $82 4060
J />2 $82 2%8699686996
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
5/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 9
Vcbai mj nmkvikv~
Xrijcni Ykfirap`kl xma`np ndcaaikli~ jmr ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~
xma`np 34
3+6 Vm|crf~ ck myva`ki jrcei|mro jmr ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~
Xma`np 23
3+6+3 @kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf vrck~jmrecv`mk 23
3+6+2 Iaieikv~ mj ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np 29
3+9 Oip ei~~cli~ 24
Ckkit7 IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np7 bcnolrmykf! ykfirap`kl `~~yi~ ckf oip nmknixv~ >3
3+3 @kvrmfynv`mk >3
3+2 Maf zir~y~ ki| `kfy~vr`ca xma`np >3
3+> Vdi ~nmxi mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np >>
3+6 Xma`np jmr `kfy~vrp mr xma`np jmr ikvirxr`~i= 63
3+9 @kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf nmexiv`v`ziki~~ 6>
3+: @kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf ~vrynvyrca cfgy~veikv 64
3+
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
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8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
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Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 4
^y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np7nmkvitv! ndcaaikli~ ckf jyvyri f`rinv`mk~+
3+3 @kvrmfynv`mk
@k 288
xma`np3 c~ ~iv myv `k vdi 2889 Nmeeyk`ncv`mk mk ck `kvilrcvif cxxrmcnd vm `kfy~vr`caxma`np
2
`v |c~ cbai vm xm`kv vm rcvdir bik`lk nmkf`v`mk~ ykfir |d`nd `k likirca!
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`excnv mk Iyrmxick `kfy~vrp! |`vd `kfy~vr`ca myvxyv jcaa`kl bp crmykf mki%j`jvd ckf
iexampeikv `k eckyjcnvyr`kl finric~`kl bp crmykf vik xirnikv+ \d`ai vdiri cri
nyrrikvap ~`lk~ mj `exrmzieikv `k vdi inmkme`n ~`vycv`mk! vdi xrm~xinv~ jmr c rivyrk vm
~y~vc`kif lrm|vd riec`k jrcl`ai! kmv aic~v fyi vm vdi xmmr ~vcvi mj xyba`n j`kckni~ vdcv dc~
caricfp aif vm ecgmr xrmbaie~ `k Lriini ckf ~v`aa vdricvik~ mvdir Eiebir ^vcvi~+
Mki jicvyri mj rinikv izikv~ dc~ biik vdi rcx`f vrck~e`~~`mk mj xrmbaie~ cnrm~~ f`jjirikv
cric~ mj vdi inmkmep! jyrvdir rizica`kl vdi itvikv ckf fixvd mj `kvirfixikfikni vdcv `~
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~xricf vm vdi j`kckn`ca ~invmr `k Iyrmxi+ @k vyrk! c~ nrif`v ecroiv~ |iri ~syiiwif ckf
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xma`np ecoir~ cxxicr vm dczi biik ncyldv mjj%lycrf bp vdi ~xiif mj vrck~e`~~`mk mj vdi
nr`~`~! vdip dczi ca~m jmykf vdie~iazi~ acrliap `exmvikv |dik vrp`kl vm dcav `v~ ~xricf+ Cv
vdi ~cei v`ei! `v dc~ xrmzif bipmkf vdi ncxcn`vp mj `kf`z`fyca nmykvr`i~ vm ri~xmkf
ijjinv`ziap vm vdi nr`~`~! d`lda`ldv`kl vdi kiif jmr nmmrf`kcvif ~yxrc%kcv`mkca ri~xmk~i~!
kmv gy~v cv c Iyrmxick aizia byv ca~m cv c brmcfir `kvirkcv`mkca $lambca) ~ncai+
\d`ai lambca`~cv`mk! vmlivdir |`vd eckp mj vdi mvdir ykfirap`kl amkl%vire ndcaaikli~
jcn`kl ~mn`ivp $i+l+ ikz`rmkeikv ckf xri~~yri mk ri~myrni~! vindkmaml`nca fiziamxeikv!
fiemlrcxd`n ndckli) cri |iaa rinmlk`~if! vdi j`kckn`ca ckf inmkme`n nr`~`~ dc~ ~irzif vm
fr`zi dmei vdi rica`vp mj vd`~ ~`vycv`mk+ Nirvc`kap! ~ynd c z`i| cxxicr~ vm ykfira`i vdi
itxa`n`v cxxica nmkvc`kif `k vdi Xrijcni vm vdi Nmee`~~`mk~ IY2828 ^vrcvilp>
3 NME$288
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
8/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 0
vm `k~v`a c ~ik~i mj yrliknp jmr vdi fiziamxeikv mj xma`n`i~ kini~~crp vm fia`zir ~ecrv!
~y~vc`kcbai ckf `knay~`zi lrm|vd! vdi ^vrcvilp `~ ca~m ncrr`if bp ck ykfirnyrrikv mj
~ikv`eikv vdcv cnd`iz`kl vdi kini~~crp vrck~jmrecv`mk mj vdi Iyrmxick inmkmep |`aa
risy`ri cnv`mk~ bmvd bp xma`np ecoir~! vdi xr`zcvi ~invmr ckf n`v`wik~ vdcv lm bipmkf`knrieikvca cfgy~veikv~ ckf v`koir`kl |`vd nmkzikv`mkca xrcnv`ni~+
@k myva`k`kl vdi ~nmxi mj vdi Jacl~d`x @k`v`cv`zi jmr Ck `kfy~vr`ca xma`np jmr vdi
lambca`~cv`mk irc $~ii Bmt 8+3)! vdi IY2828 ^vrcvilp ~iv~ myv vdi Nmee`~~`mk~
ceb`v`mk `k nmaacbmrcv`mk |`vd ~vcoidmafir~ vm fiziamx c jrcei|mro jmr c emfirk
`kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ Vdi Nmee`~~`mk |`aa vdirivm `~~yi c ki| Nmeeyk`ncv`mk mk `kfy~vr`ca
xma`np `k vdi cyvyek mj 2838+
C`e mj vdi~i xcxir~7 c brmcfir rijainv`mk mk vdi amklir vire kiif~ vm nmeb`ki
~y~vc`kcbai fiziamxeikv |`vd `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np
L`zik vdi jmrvdnme`kl Nmeeyk`ncv`mk! `v `~ ck mxxmrvyki emeikv vm izcaycvi |divdir
vdi nyrrikv IY%aizia cxxrmcnd vm `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf vdi cxxrmcndi~ xyr~yif cv kcv`mkca
ckf ~yb%kcv`mkca aizia~ bp Eiebir ^vcvi~ cri bmvd cfisycviap ca`lkif ckf ~yjj`n`ikv vm
eiiv nyrrikv ckf jyvyri ndcaaikli~+ Cv vdi ~cei v`ei! |d`ai xma`np xr`mr`v`i~ mzir vdi
rinikv xc~v dczi acrliap biik fivire`kif bp vdi kiif vm ri~xmkf vm vdi `excnv mj vdi
inmkme`n ckf j`kckn`ca nr`~`~! `v `~ xirdcx~ ca~m c emeikv vm vcoi c ~vix bcno jrme
`eeif`cvi nmknirk~ `k mrfir vm `fikv`jp ~mei mj vdi oip `~~yi~ vdcv |`aa kiif vm bi
cffri~~if bp c emfirk `kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ @k vd`~ ri~xinv! vdiri cri ~mei jykfceikvca
syi~v`mk~ vm bi c~oif cbmyv vdi amkl%vire mbginv`zi~ mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! vdi ndckli~
|`vd`k `kfy~vrp ckf vdi ~yxxmrv`kl by~`ki~~ ikz`rmkeikv ~iik c~ kini~~crp vm fia`zir
inmkme`n lrm|vd ckf ~inyri gmb~! ckf vdi nmkvr`byv`mk~ vdcv nck bi ecfi bp xyba`n xma`npvm jcn`a`vcvi vdi ~ynni~~jya vrck~jmrecv`mk mj `kfy~vrp vm eiiv vdi ndcaaikli~ mj vdi jyvyri+
\d`ai `v `~ xm~~`bai vm `fikv`jp c dm~v mj ndcaaikli~ jcn`kl IY `kfy~vrp ckf Iyrmxick
~mn`ivp c~ c |dmai! `v `~ iz`fikv vdcv nikvrca cemkl vdi~i cri vdi ndcaaikli~ ri~yav`kl jrme
vdi xri~~yri~ nricvif bp inmkme`n fiziamxeikv jrme amnca vm lambca aizia~ mk vdi
ikz`rmkeikv! mk ikirlp nmk~yexv`mk ckf mk ri~myrni yv`a`~cv`mk+ Vdi crv`nyacv`mk
biv|iik ~y~vc`kcbai fiziamxeikv ckf `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `~ `kiz`vcbai lm`kl vm bi
cemkl vdi nikvrca vdiei~ ckf em~v a`oiap vdi ec`k mzircrnd`kl vdiei jmr jyvyri
`kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ @v `~ jmr vd`~ ric~mk vdcv |i dczi ndm~ik vdi acbia mj ^y~vc`kcbai
@kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np vm ikncx~yacvi c ki| $mr emfirk) cxxrmcnd vm
`kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ \i nmk~`fir vdcv vdi xr`ecrp rmai mj ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca
nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np `~ vm jcn`a`vcvi vdi cfcxvcv`mk ckf vrck~jmrecv`mk mj `kfy~vrp |d`ai
nmkvr`byv`kl vm cnd`iz`kl $ckf ec`kvc`k`kl) vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj `kfy~vrp `k cnnmrfckni
|`vd ~y~vc`kcbai fiziamxeikv mbginv`zi~6
+
Vdi v|m xcxir~ vdcv cnnmexckp vd`~ j`r~v `kvrmfynvmrp xcxir vcoi jmr|crf vdi `fic mj
~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np `k vdi nmkvitv mj vdi ~xin`j`n vdiei~ mj
^EI~! `kkmzcv`mk ckf lrm|vd $Xcrv @@C) ckf Vrck~jmrecv`mk ckf ri~myrni%`kvik~`zi
6Kcrrm|ap fij`ki~! vdi~i mbginv`zi~ `exap vdcv nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ~dmyaf bi cnd`izif |d`ai y~`kl ri~myrni~ $`knayf`kl ikirlp `k
ck ijj`n`ikv ckf ~y~vc`kcbai |cp |d`ai e`k`e`~`kl kilcv`zi ikz`rmkeikvca `excnv~+ Emri brmcfap! nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ~dmyaf
bi cnd`izif |d`ai ri~xinv`kl brmcfir ~mn`ca |iajcri mbginv`zi~! ~ynd c~ ~mn`ca isy`vp ckf nmdi~`mk+ Jmr jyrvdir f`~ny~~`mk!
~ii ^inv`mk 3+)+ C~ bcnolrmykf vm vdi nyrrikv IY
`kfy~vr`ca xma`np ikz`rmkeikv ckf! dmxijyaap! vm xrmz`fi ~mei nacr`vp rilcrf`kl oipnmknixv~ riacvif vm `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf ~y~vc`kcb`a`vp! vdi Ckkit vm vd`~ xcxir
xrmz`fi~ c fi~nr`xv`mk mj vdi nyrrikv ~vcvy~ mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np c~ fiziamxif mzir vdi
ac~v fincfi mr ~m+ Jyrvdir `v vr`i~ vm myva`ki ~mei mj vdi ec`k `~~yi~ riacv`kl vm vdi ~nmxi
ckf nmkvikv mj nyrrikv `kfy~vr`ca xma`np eic~yri~+
@k vd`~ xri~ikv xcxir! |i |`aa cvviexv vm ~iv `k c brmcfir ckf emri likirca nmkvitv ~mei
mj vdi oip `~~yi~ vdcv |i nmk~`fir ~dmyaf mr cv aic~v nmyaf bi cffri~~if bp ck IY
^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np+ @k vd`~ rilcrf! vdi jmaam|`kl ~yb%~inv`mk
ammo~ cv ~mei mj vdi `exa`ncv`mk~ mj vindkmamlp%fr`zik fiziamxeikv~ jmr vdi itvirkca
nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj IY `kfy~vrp+ \d`ai jcr jrme nmexridik~`zi! vdi xyrxm~i `~ vm
`aay~vrcvi ~mei mj vdi jcnvmr~ aicf`kl vm ndckli~ `k lambca nmexiv`v`mk ckf
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3+2 Vrcfi xirjmreckni! itvirkca nmexiv`v`ziki~~! vindkmamlp ckf`kkmzcv`mk
@j itvirkca vrcfi xirjmreckni xrmz`fi~ c a`vey~ vitv jmr `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf
vdi ijjinv`ziki~~ mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vdik! cavdmyld IY `kfy~vrp dc~ biik ~iziriap d`v bp
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riacv`ziap |iaa nmexcrif vm `v~ ec`k $cfzcknif inmkmep) nmexiv`vmr~? jmr itcexai! vdi
IY~ rinikv vrcfi xirjmreckni cxxicr~ ~mei|dcv bivvir vdck vdcv mj vdi Y^ ckf Gcxck 9
+\d`ai `v `~ vmm icrap vm frc| naicr nmknay~`mk! vd`~ ~ylli~v~ vdcv vdi mzircaa itvirkca
nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj IY `kfy~vrp `~ ~vrmklir vdck ~mei ecp dczi xri~yeif+
@k vrp`kl vm ykfir~vckf vdi jcnvmr~ fr`z`kl vdi itvirkca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj IY `kfy~vrp! `v
`~ xirdcx~ `k~vrynv`zi vdcv izik vdmyld IY `kfy~vrp dc~ biik ndc~v`~if `k vdi xc~v jmr kmv
mnnyxp`kl c ~yjj`n`ikvap ~vrmkl xm~`v`mk `k ~m%ncaaif d`ld%vind ~invmr~! `v `~ xrin`~iap
~invmr~ ~ynd c~ ~ie`%nmkfynvmr~ ckf iainvrmk`n nmexmkikv~! nmexyvir~! rcf`m ckf
viaiz`~`mk isy`xeikv! vdcv dczi xrmzif cemkl~v vdi em~v zyakircbai vm vdi nr`~`~ ckf!
emri ~vrynvyrcaap! vm vdi ndcaaikli mj ieirl`kl inmkme`i~+ Vdi cb`a`vp mj ieirl`kl
inmkme`i~ vm xm~`v`mk vdie~iazi~ c~ ecgmr nmexiv`vmr~ `k ~m%ncaaif d`ld%vind ~invmr~
dc~ fiemk~vrcvif vdcv vdi `kvr`k~`n vindkmaml`nca aizia mj c ~invmr `~ kmv c ~d`iaf clc`k~v
nmexiv`v`mk+ \i dczi ~iik! jmr itcexai! vdcv |dik ieirl`kl nmykvrp nmexiv`vmr~ dczi
biik cbai vm j`kckni vdi ecgmr ncx`vca myvacp~ risy`rif vm `kzi~v `k d`ld%vind xrmfynv`mk
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~vckfcrf`~if ckf rixiv`v`zi d`ld zmayei xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ $i+l+ nmk~yeir iainvrmk`n~)!
vdip dczi binmei ecgmr ckf `k eckp nc~i~ fme`kckv nmexiv`vmr~+
Itxackcv`mk~ mj vdi `knric~`kl xri~ikni mj ieirl`kl inmkme`i~ `k d`ld%vind ~invmr~ nck
bi a`koif vm vdi cnniaircv`kl ~xiif mj vindkmaml`nca fiziamxeikv ckf vindkmamlp
f`jjy~`mk+ C~ ki| vindkmaml`i~ cri ~yxir~ifif bp izik ki|ir mki~ ckf nmexiv`vmr~ cri
9Iyrmxick Nmee`~~`mk $2838 IY Eckyjcnvyr`kl @kfy~vrp7 \dcv cri vdi ndcaaikli~ ckf Mxxmrvyk`v`i~ jmr vdi Nme`kl Picr~
Fi~x`vi vdi inmkme`n
ckf j`kckn`ca nr`~`~! vdi
itvirkca nmexiv`v`ziki~~
mj IY `kfy~vrp ecp bi
~vrmklir vdck xri~yeif
Vdi `kvr`k~`n
vindkmaml`nca aizia mj c
~invmr `~ kmv c ~d`iaf
jrme nmexiv`v`mk jrme
ieirl`kl inmkme`i~
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
10/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 33
cbai vm cnni~~! rixa`ncvi ckf cxxap ki| vindkmaml`i~! vdi ~xin`j`n nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli
vdcv vdip nmkjir f`~cxxicr~+ \dik vd`~ mnnyr~! vindkmaml`i~ i~~ikv`caap binmei
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nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `~ acrliap fivire`kif bp vdi`r nm~v ckf vdi ijj`n`iknp mj vdi`r `kvilrcv`mk`k xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~+ @k vyrk! vd`~ rc`~i~ vdi xri~~yri vm ~d`jv xrmfynv`mk mj
nmeemf`v`~if vindkmaml`i~ vm am| nm~v xrmfynv`mk amncv`mk~+ Diri |i nck ~ii vdi
`exmrvckni mj vdi rcx`f cfzckni~ vdcv dczi biik ecfi `k `kjmrecv`mk ckf nmeeyk`ncv`mk
vindkmaml`i~ $@NV) vdcv dczi nmk~`fircbap `knric~if vindkmaml`nca emb`a`vp:
+ Vdy~! |d`ai
fiziamxeikv~ `k @NV dczi itxckfif vdi xm~~`b`a`v`i~ jmr nricv`kl nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli
vdrmyld ki| vindkmaml`nca fiziamxeikv~ ckf `kkmzcv`mk! `v rixri~ikv~ ~meivd`kl mj c
fmybai iflif ~|mrf vdcv nck ~`eyavckimy~ap dc~vik vdi fie`~i mj ~xin`j`n vindkmamlp%
bc~if mr! emri brmcfap okm|aifli%bc~if nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli~+
Jmaam|`kl jrme vdi cbmzi! |i dczi ~iik vdcv fiziamxeikv~ `k @NV! |d`nd dczi ri~yavif
`k rcx`fap jcaa`kl nmeeyk`ncv`mk ckf nmmrf`kcv`mk nm~v~ jmr by~`ki~~i~! dczi xrmjmykfap
cavirif vdi lambca mrlck`~cv`mk mj xrmfynv`mk jmr `kfy~vr`ca ckf ~irz`ni cnv`z`v`i~ ca`oi+ Kmv
aic~v! vdip dczi jcn`a`vcvif vdi jrcleikvcv`mk mj xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~! bmvd `k vire~ mj
zirv`nca ~ileikvcv`mk |`vd`k zcayi ndc`k~ ckf vdi`r limlrcxd`nca f`~vr`byv`mk+ Vdi `excnv~
mk nmexiv`v`mk dczi mjvik xrmzif nmexait! ykxrif`nvcbai! ckf ri~yavif `k ~yffik ndckli~
mj `k vdi riacv`zi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj nmykvr`i~ ckf ril`mk~) jmr Gcxck+ Emrimzir! |d`ai ~mei 6:) mj IY
itxmrv~ cri ncvilmr`~if c~ yx%ecroiv! vdi nmrri~xmkf`kl xrmxmrv`mk~ jmr vdi Y^ ckf Gcxck cri mkap >9) ckf >4)+
Vdiri `~ emri vdck
~`exap iknmyrcl`kl
,br`ldv `kkmzcvmr~, ckf
,pmykl `kkmzcv`i d`ld%
vind ^EI~,
@kvckl`bai jcnvmr~
`knric~`klap ykfirx`k vdi
cb`a`vp mj j`re~ vm
f`jjirikv`cvi vdie~iazi~
jrme vdi`r nmexiv`vmr~
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
12/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 3>
Vd`~ xm`kv~ vm vdi `exmrvckni jmr `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj c brmcfap%bc~if by~`ki~~
v`~~yi cbai vm xrmz`fi bmvd vdi kini~~crp vindkmaml`nca `kxyv~ ckf c jyaa rckli mj
~yxxmrv`kl nmexivikni~+ Vd`~ nck bi riacvif vm `kvrc ckf `kvir%`kfy~vrp a`kocli~ $i+l+ vdi
bricfvd ckf fixvd mj vdi vindkmaml`nca ckf `kfy~vr`ca bc~i) ckf c~ eckp mj vdi risy`rifnmexivikni~ cri emri nam~iap riacvif vm ~irz`ni cnv`z`v`i~ c~ mxxm~if vm `kfy~vr`ca
xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ vdi ~vriklvd mj `kvir%a`kocli~ biv|iik `kfy~vrp ckf $by~`ki~~%
riacvif) ~irz`ni~33
Vdi vrcf`v`mkca z`i| vdcv vricv~ `kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~ c~ dmemlikimy~! `kfixikfikv ckf kcv`mkca vdy~ km
amklir ~iie~ vm bi ck cfisycvi bc~`~ jmr xma`np fiziamxeikv+ Itniaaikni cv caa aizia~ dc~ binmei
eynd emri `exmrvckv ckf `knric~`klap ~yxxa`ir~ ckf `kkmzcv`mk xcrvkir~ jrme f`jjirikv ~invmr~!
ril`mk~ ckf |`vd nmexaieikvcrp nmexivikni~ cri kiifif
+ C~ xm`kvif vm rinikvap bp vdi Iyrmxick Nmee`~~`mk7
32
Vd`~ ~vcvieikv xm`kv~ vm vdi `exmrvckni mj ec`kvc`k`kl c f`zir~`j`if `kfy~vr`ca bc~i+ Cv
vdi ~cei v`ei! vd`~ kiif kmv kini~~cr`ap bi ~iik `k vire~ mj vdi f`zir~`vp mj $vrcf`v`mkca)
`kfy~vrp ~invmr~ byv! rcvdir! mk vdi f`zir~`vp ckf ~xin`ca`~cv`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca ckf
~yxxmrv`kl nmexivikni~+
Ammo`kl jmr|crf! vdi ndcaaikli~ vm vdi itvirkca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj IY `kfy~vrp nck bi
itxinvif vm `knric~i! bmvd `k vire~ mj vdi likirca eclk`vyfi mj xri~~yri~ mk `kfy~vrp ckf
`k vire~ mj `knric~`klap cjjinv`kl vdm~i `kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~ ckf cnv`z`v`i~ |diri vdi IY
`kfy~vrp nyrrikvap ec`kvc`k~ c nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli+ @v |c~ ca|cp~ jc`rap xrif`nvcbai vdcv
lambca`~cv`mk |myaf ri`kjmrni vdi nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli~ mj ieirl`kl inmkme`i~ fir`zif
jrme am| xrmfynv`mk nm~v~ xcrv`nyacrap jmr acbmyr ckf vdcv vdip |myaf mnnyxp c ~vrmkl
xm~`v`mk `k am|%vindkmamlp ecroiv ~ileikv~+ Dm|izir! c~ dc~ biik ~iik! vdi ~invmr
~vriklvd~ ckf xm~`v`mk~ mj ieirl`kl inmkme`i~ `k mvdir ecroiv ~ileikv~ dc~ ~meiv`ei~biik jcr jrme xrif`nvcb`a`vp ckf `~ a`oiap vm binmei izik ai~~ mbz`my~ c~ vdi~i inmkme`i~
~iio vm emzi vm d`ldir zcayi%cffif ecroiv ~ileikv~+ C~ ieirl`kl inmkme`i~! ~ynd c~
Nd`kc! @kf`c mr Brcw`a! `knric~i vdi`r m|k vindkmaml`nca ncxcb`a`v`i~! `v ecp binmei jcr
jrme iz`fikv vm `fikv`jp vdm~i `kfy~vr`ca cnv`z`v`i~ ckf ecroiv ~ileikv~ |diri vdip |`aa
binmei `exmrvckv nmexiv`vmr~ `k vdi jyvyri+
Cv vdi ~cei v`ei! vdi r`~i mj ieirl`kl inmkme`i~ |`aa xm~i ~`e`acr ndcaaikli~ jmr
`kfy~vrp `k mvdir cfzcknif inmkme`i~ c~ vdm~i vdcv jcni IY `kfy~vrp+ Emrimzir! |`vd
am| lrm|vd xrm~xinv~ jmr cfzcknif inmkme`i~ vdip |`aa ca~m bi ammo`kl vm vcoi
cfzckvcli mj jc~vir lrm|vd ckf `knric~`kl ecroiv ~`wi `k ieirl`kl ril`mk~+ Mkni clc`k
vd`~ `~ a`oiap vm `knric~i vdi xri~~yri mj nmexiv`v`mk `k `kvirkcv`mkca ecroiv~! `k xcrv`nyacr`k vdm~i yx%ecroiv ckf d`ld zcayi%cffif xrmfynv ~ileikv~ |diri IY `kfy~vrp `~
xri~ikv+ Mk vdi mki dckf! vd`~ |`aa `knric~i vdi kiif jmr IY `kfy~vrp vm ec`kvc`k nm~v
nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf xrmfynv`z`vp cv aizia~ vdcv ikcbai `v vm riec`k nmexiv`v`zi z`~%%z`~
vdi~i nmexiv`vmr~+ Mk vdi mvdir! `v nck bi itxinvif vm iexdc~`~i vdi `exmrvckni mj
vindkmaml`nca fiziamxeikv ckf `kkmzcv`mk c~ c ~myrni mj nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli+ Vdi
xrm~xinv vdcv vdi IY~ r`zca~ ecp ~vica vdi aicf `k cric~ mj vindkmamlp |diri IY `kfy~vrp
`~ nyrrikvap |iaa%xm~`v`mkif nckkmv bi f`~nmykvif! xcrv`nyacrap c~ vdip ca~m ~icrnd vm vcoi
cfzckvcli mj mxxmrvyk`v`i~ `k xrm~xinv`zi lrm|vd ecroiv~+ Vd`~ ecp jyrvdir `knric~i vdi
33^ii ^inv`mk 3+6+
32@b`f+ jmmvkmvi 9+
C brmcf%bc~if!
f`zir~`j`if ckf `kvir%
a`koif by~`ki~~ v`~~yi `~
`exmrvckv jmr `kfy~vr`ca
nmexiv`v`ziki~~
C~ ieirl`kl inmkme`i~
`knric~i vdi`r m|k
vindkmaml`nca ncxcb`a`v`i~
`v `~ ai~~ iz`fikv vm
`fikv`jp vdm~i cnv`z`v`i~
ckf ecroiv ~ileikv~
|diri vdip |`aa binmei
ecgmr nmexiv`vmr~
Nmexiv`v`mk jrme mvdir
cfzcknif inmkme`i~
nck bi itxinvif vm
iexdc~`~i vindkmaml`nca
fiziamxeikv ckf
`kkmzcv`mk c~ c ~myrni mj
nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
13/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 36
xm~~`b`a`vp mj ~d`jv~ `k riacv`zi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `k |cp~ vdcv cri f`jj`nyav vm jmri~ii! ckf
|d`nd ecp xrmzi emri ~yffik ckf ~meiv`ei~ bryvca vdck |c~ d`vdirvm vdi nc~i+
Vdi likirca ~nikcr`m caayfif vm cbmzi `~ rijainvif `k vdi IY2828 ^vrcvilp+ \d`airi`vircv`kl vdi `exmrvckni mj `kvirkcv`mkca vrcfi vm IY xrm~xir`vp! vdi IY2828 ^vrcvilp
xm`kv~ vm vdi kiif vm rc`~i xrmfynv`z`vp |d`ai iexdc~`~`kl vdi xmvikv`ca vdricv vm vdi IY~
aicfir~d`x `k mki ~xin`j`n vindkmaml`nca j`iaf kceiap lriik ~mayv`mk~ vdcv ecp nmei
jrme nmexiv`vmr~ jrme bmvd cfzcknif ckf ieirl`kl inmkme`i~7
Vdi IY dc~ xrm~xirif vdrmyld vrcfi! itxmrv`kl rmykf vdi |mraf ckf `exmrv`kl `kxyv~ c~ |iaa c~
j`k`~dif lmmf~+ Jcnif |`vd `kvik~i xri~~yri mk itxmrv ecroiv~ ckf jmr c lrm|`kl rckli mj `kxyv~ |i
ey~v `exrmzi myr nmexiv`v`ziki~~ z`~%%z`~ myr ec`k vrcf`kl xcrvkir~ vdrmyld d`ldir xrmfynv`z`vp+ \i
|`aa kiif vm cffri~~ riacv`zi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `k~`fi vdi Iyrm cric ckf `k vdi |`fir IY+ Vdi IY |c~
acrliap c j`r~v emzir `k lriik ~mayv`mk~! byv `v~ cfzckvcli `~ bi`kl ndcaaiklif bp oip nmexiv`vmr~!
kmvcbap Nd`kc ckf Kmrvd Ceir`nc+ Vdi IY ~dmyaf ec`kvc`k `v~ aicf `k vdi ecroiv jmr lriik
vindkmaml`i~ c~ c eick~ mj ik~yr`kl ri~myrni ijj`n`iknp vdrmyldmyv vdi inmkmep! |d`ai riemz`kl
bmvvaikino~ `k oip kiv|mro `kjrc~vrynvyri~! vdiribp bmm~v`kl myr `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~+
Bmt 8+3 IY 2828 Jacl~d`x `k`v`cv`zi Ck `kfy~vr`ca xma`np jmr vdi lambca`~cv`mk irc
@kfy~vrp ckf i~xin`caap ^EI~ dczi biik d`v dcrf bp vdi inmkme`n nr`~`~ ckf caa ~invmr~ cri jcn`kl vdi
ndcaaikli~ mj lambca`~cv`mk ckf cfgy~v`kl vdi`r xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ ckf xrmfynv~ vm c am|%ncrbmk inmkmep+
Vdi `excnv mj vdi~i ndcaaikli~ |`aa f`jjir jrme ~invmr vm ~invmr! ~mei ~invmr~ e`ldv dczi vm "ri`kzikv"
vdie~iazi~ byv jmr mvdir~ vdi~i ndcaaikli~ |`aa xri~ikv ki| by~`ki~~ mxxmrvyk`v`i~+ Vdi Nmee`~~`mk |`aa |mro
nam~iap |`vd ~vcoidmafir~ `k f`jjirikv ~invmr~ $by~`ki~~! vrcfi yk`mk~! cncfie`n~! KLM~! nmk~yeir
mrlck`~cv`mk~ ckf |`aa frc| yx c jrcei|mro jmr c emfirk `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! vm ~yxxmrv ikvrixrikiyr~d`x! vmly`fi ckf diax `kfy~vrp vm binmei j`v vm eiiv vdi~i ndcaaikli~! vm xrmemvi vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj Iyrmxi~
xr`ecrp! eckyjcnvyr`kl ckf ~irz`ni `kfy~vr`i~ ckf diax vdie ~i`wi vdi mxxmrvyk`v`i~ mj lambca`~cv`mk ckf mj vdi
lriik inmkmep+ Vdi jrcei|mro |`aa cffri~~ caa iaieikv~ mj vdi `knric~`klap `kvirkcv`mkca zcayi ndc`k jrme
cnni~~ vm rc| ecvir`ca~ vm cjvir%~cai~ ~irz`ni+
Cv IY aizia! vdi Nmee`~~`mk |`aa |mro7
Vm i~vcba`~d ck `kfy~vr`ca xma`np nricv`kl vdi bi~v ikz`rmkeikv vm ec`kvc`k ckf fiziamx c ~vrmkl!
nmexiv`v`zi ckf f`zir~`j`if `kfy~vr`ca bc~i `k Iyrmxi c~ |iaa c~ ~yxxmrv`kl vdi vrck~`v`mk mj eckyjcnvyr`kl
~invmr~ vm lricvir ikirlp ckf ri~myrni ijj`n`iknp?
Vm fiziamx c dmr`wmkvca cxxrmcnd vm `kfy~vr`ca xma`np nmeb`k`kl f`jjirikv xma`np `k~vryeikv~ $i+l+
"~ecrv" rilyacv`mk! emfirk`~if xyba`n xrmnyrieikv! nmexiv`v`mk ryai~ ckf ~vckfcrf ~ivv`kl?
Vm `exrmzi vdi by~`ki~~ ikz`rmkeikv! i~xin`caap jmr EI~! knayf`kl vdrmyld rifyn`kl vdi vrck~cnv`mknm~v~ mj fm`kl by~`ki~~ `k Iyrmxi! vdi xrmemv`mk mj nay~vir~ ckf `exrmz`kl cjjmrfcbai cnni~~ vm j`kckni?
Vm xrmemvi vdi ri~vrynvyr`kl mj ~invmr~ `k f`jj`nyavp vm|crf~ jyvyri mr`ikvif cnv`z`v`i~! `knayf`kl vdrmyld
sy`no rifixampeikv mj ~o`aa~ vm ieirl`kl d`ld lrm|vd ~invmr~ ckf ecroiv~ ckf ~yxxmrv jrme vdi IY,~
~vcvi c`f~ ril`ei ckf-mr vdi Lambca`~cv`mk Cfgy~veikv Jykf?
Vm xrmemvi vindkmaml`i~ ckf xrmfynv`mk eivdmf~ vdcv rifyni kcvyrca ri~myrni y~i! ckf `knric~i
`kzi~veikv `k vdi IY,~ it`~v`kl kcvyrca c~~iv~?
Vm xrmemvi vdi `kvirkcv`mkca`~cv`mk mj ^EI~?
Vm ik~yri vdcvvrck~xmrv ckf aml`~v`n~ kiv|mro~ikcbai `kfy~vrp vdrmyldmyv vdi Yk`mk vm dczi
ijjinv`zi cnni~~ vm vdi ^`klai Ecroiv ckf vdi `kvirkcv`mkca ecroiv bipmkf?
Vm fiziamx ck ijjinv`zi ~xcni xma`np vm xrmz`fi vdi vmma~ vm cffri~~ ~mei mj vdi oip lambca ndcaaikli~
ckf `k xcrv`nyacr vm fia`zir Lca`aim ckf LEI^?
Vm ikdckni vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj vdi Iyrmxick vmyr`~e ~invmr?
Vm riz`i| rilyacv`mk~ vm ~yxxmrv vdi vrck~`v`mkmj ~irz`ni ckf eckyjcnvyr`kl ~invmr~vm lricvir
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
14/98
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
15/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 3:
ri~myrni ijj`n`ikv ckf na`ecvi ri~`a`ikv inmkmep bp 2898 |d`nd |`aa caam| vdi IY vm cnd`izi `v~
ie`~~`mk~ rifynv`mk ckf b`mf`zir~`vp vcrliv~? vd`~ `knayfi~ f`~c~vir xrizikv`mk ckf ri~xmk~i! dcrki~~`kl
vdi nmkvr`byv`mk mj nmdi~`mk! clr`nyavyrca! ryrca fiziamxeikv! ckf ecr`v`ei xma`n`i~ vm cffri~~ na`ecvi
ndckli! `k xcrv`nyacr vdrmyld cfcxvcv`mk eic~yri~ bc~if mk emri ijj`n`ikv y~i mj ri~myrni~! |d`nd |`aaca~m nmkvr`byvi vm `exrmz`kl lambca jmmf ~inyr`vp+
Cv kcv`mkca aizia! Eiebir ^vcvi~ |`aa kiif7
Vm xdc~i myv ikz`rmkeikvcaap dcrejya ~yb~`f`i~! a`e`v`kl itnixv`mk~ vm ximxai |`vd ~mn`ca kiif~?
Vm fixamp ecroiv%bc~if `k~vryeikv~ ~ynd c~ j`~nca `knikv`zi~ ckf xrmnyrieikv vm cfcxv xrmfynv`mk
ckf nmk~yexv`mk eivdmf~?
Vm fiziamx ~ecrv! yxlrcfif ckf jyaap `kvirnmkkinvif vrck~xmrv ckf ikirlp `kjrc~vrynvyri~ ckf ecoi
jyaa y~i mj @NV?
Vm ik~yri c nmmrf`kcvif `exaieikvcv`mk mj `kjrc~vrynvyri xrmginv~! |`vd`k vdi IY Nmri kiv|mro! vdcv
nr`v`ncaap nmkvr`byvi vm vdi ijjinv`ziki~~ mj vdi mzircaa IY vrck~xmrv ~p~vie?
Vm jmny~ mk vdi yrbck f`eik~`mk mj vrck~xmrv |diri eynd mj vdi nmkli~v`mk ckf ie`~~`mk~ cri
likircvif?
Vm y~i rilyacv`mk! by`af`kl xirjmreckni ~vckfcrf~ ckf ecroiv%bc~if `k~vryeikv~ ~ynd c~ vctcv`mk!
~yb~`f`i~ ckf xrmnyrieikv vm rifyni ikirlp ckf ri~myrni y~i ckf y~i ~vrynvyrca jykf~ vm `kzi~v `k
ikirlp ijj`n`iknp `k xyba`n by`af`kl~ ckf `k emri ijj`n`ikv rinpna`kl?
^myrni7 NME$2838)2828
Bmt 8+> IY 2828 Jacl~d`x @k`v`cv`zi @kkmzcv`zi Yk`mk
Vdi c`e mj vd`~ `~ vm ri%jmny~ R*F ckf `kkmzcv`mk xma`np mk vdi ndcaaikli~ jcn`kl myr ~mn`ivp! ~ynd c~ na`ecvi
ndckli! ikirlp ckf ri~myrni ijj`n`iknp! dicavd ckf fiemlrcxd`n ndckli+ Izirp a`ko ~dmyaf bi ~vriklvdikif
`k vdi `kkmzcv`mk ndc`k! jrme ,bayi ~op, ri~icrnd vm nmeeirn`ca`~cv`mk+
Cv IY aizia! vdi Nmee`~~`mk |`aa |mro7
Vm nmexaivi vdi Iyrmxick Ri~icrnd Cric! vm fiziamx c ~vrcvil`n ri~icrnd clikfc jmny~if mk
ndcaaikli~ ~ynd c~ ikirlp ~inyr`vp! vrck~xmrv! na`ecvi ndckli ckf ri~myrni ijj`n`iknp! dicavd ckf
cli`kl! ikz`rmkeikvcaap%jr`ikfap xrmfynv`mk eivdmf~ ckf ackf eckclieikv! ckf vm ikdckni gm`kv
xrmlrcee`kl |`vd Eiebir ^vcvi~ ckf ril`mk~?
Vm `exrmzi jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr by~`ki~~ vm `kkmzcvi $`+i+ nricvi vdi ~`klai IY Xcvikv ckf c
~xin`ca`~if Xcvikv Nmyrv! emfirk`~i vdi jrcei|mro mj nmxpr`ldv ckf vrcfiecro~! `exrmzi cnni~~ mj
^EI~ vm @kviaainvyca Xrmxirvp Xrmvinv`mk! ~xiif yx ~ivv`kl mj `kvirmxircbai ~vckfcrf~? `exrmzi cnni~~ vm
ncx`vca ckf ecoi jyaa y~i mj fieckf ~`fi xma`n`i~! i+l+ vdrmyld xyba`n xrmnyrieikv ckf ~ecrv rilyacv`mk?
Vm acyknd ,Iyrmxick @kkmzcv`mk Xcrvkir~d`x~, biv|iik vdi IY ckf kcv`mkca aizia~ vm ~xiif yx vdi
fiziamxeikv ckf fixampeikv mj vdi vindkmaml`i~ kiifif vm eiiv vdi ndcaaikli~ `fikv`j`if+ Vdi j`r~v |`aa
`knayfi7 ,by`af`kl vdi b`m%inmkmep bp 2828,! ,vdi oip ikcba`kl vindkmaml`i~ vm ~dcxi Iyrmxi,~ kfy~vr`ca
jyvyri, ckf ,vindkmaml`i~ vm caam| mafir ximxai vm a`zi `kfixikfikvap ckf bi cnv`zi `k ~mn`ivp,?
Vm ~vriklvdik ckf jyrvdir fiziamx vdi rmai mj IY `k~vryeikv~ vm ~yxxmrv `kkmzcv`mk $i+l+ ~vrynvyrca
jykf~! ryrca fiziamxeikv jykf~! R*F jrcei|mro xrmlrceei! N@X! ^IV xack! `knayf`kl vdrmyld nam~ir
|mro |`vd vdi I@B ckf ~vricea`ki cfe`k`~vrcv`zi xrmnifyri~ vm jcn`a`vcvi cnni~~ vm jykf`kl! xcrv`nyacrap jmr
^EI~ ckf vm br`kl `k `kkmzcv`zi `knikv`zi eindck`~e~ a`koif vm vdi ncrbmk ecroiv! kceiap jmr jc~v%
emzir~?
Vm xrmemvi okm|aifli xcrvkir~d`x~ ckf ~vriklvdik a`ko~ biv|iik ifyncv`mk! by~`ki~~! ri~icrnd
ckf kkmzcv`mk! `knayf`kl vdrmyld vdi I@V! ckf vm xrmemvi ikvrixrikiyr~d`x bp ~yxxmrv`kl Pmykl
@kkmzcv`zi Nmexck`i~+
Cv kcv`mkca aizia! Eiebir ^vcvi~ |`aa kiif7
Vm rijmre kcv`mkca $ckf ril`mkca) R*F ckf `kkmzcv`mk ~p~vie~ vm jm~vir itniaaikni ckf ~ecrv~xin`ca`~cv`mk! ri`kjmrni nmmxircv`mk biv|iik yk`zir~`v`i~! ri~icrnd ckf by~`ki~~! `exaieikv gm`kv
xrmlrcee`kl ckf ikdckni nrm~~%bmrfir nm%mxircv`mk `k cric~ |`vd IY zcayi cffif ckf cfgy~v kcv`mkca
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
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Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 3 Ykfirap`kl xma`np ndcaaikli~ jmr ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`caNmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np
Vdi xriz`my~ ~yb~inv`mk xrmz`fif ck mzirz`i| mj c ji| mj vdi ndcaaikli~ jmr `kfy~vrp
cr`~`kl jrme vindkmamlp ckf lambca`~cv`mk! ckf vdi `exa`ncv`mk~ vdcv vdi~i ecp dczi jmr
xcvvirk~ mj `kvirkcv`mkca nmexiv`v`mk ckf nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ Xacn`kl vdi~i `aay~vrcv`mk~ `k c
brmcfir nmkvitv! c kyebir mj ykfirap`kl vdiei~ vdcv ~dmyaf bi cffri~~if bp c emfirk
`kfy~vr`ca xma`np ecp bi `fikv`j`if+
@knric~`kl nmexait`vp ckf `kvirkcv`mkca`~cv`mk mj `kfy~vrp a`kocli~
Vdi jrcleikvcv`mk mj xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ ckf zcayi ndc`k~! vdi `knric~`kl `exmrvckni mj
`kvckl`bai jcnvmr~ c~ fr`zir~ mj nmexiv`v`ziki~~! ckf vdi kiif vm cnni~~ emri
nmexridik~`zi ckf nmexait ~iv~ mj xrmfynv`mk `kxyv~ cri caa jcnvmr~ nmkvr`byv`kl vm vdi
`knric~`kl nmexait`vp mj `kfy~vr`ca `kvir%a`kocli~ `knayf`kl kmv mkap eckyjcnvyr`kl%vpxi cnv`z`v`i~ byv ca~m ~irz`ni jyknv`mk~+ Vd`~ dc~ c |`fi rckli mj `exa`ncv`mk~ `k vire~
mj `~~yi~ vm bi cffri~~if `k jmreyacv`kl ckf `exaieikv`kl c ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca
nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np7
Vdi kiif jmr c j`kir aizia mj ri~mayv`mk vdck vrcf`v`mkca nac~~`j`ncv`mk~ mj `kfy~vr`ca
ckf ~irz`ni ~invmr~! |d`nd xire`v~ vm ammo `k~`fi vrcf`v`mkca kmv`mk~ mj `kfy~vr`ca
~invmr~ ckf vm ykfir~vckf vdi fr`zir~ mj nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf vdi`r `exa`ncv`mk~ jmr
f`jjirikv `kfy~vr`ca cnv`z`v`i~+ Cv vdi ~cei v`ei! vd`~ ~dmyaf ca~m ~yxxmrv vdi
fiziamxeikv mj c emri dma`~v`n x`nvyri vdcv vcoi~ cnnmykv mj vdi |`fi rckl`kl `kvir%
a`kocli~ vdcv `kjayikni `kfy~vrp xirjmreckni ckf nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ I~~ikv`caap! vdi
`knric~`kl nmexait`vp mj `kfy~vr`ca zcayi ndc`k~ ncaa~ `kvm syi~v`mk vdi nmkv`kyif y~i
mj vrcf`v`mkca nac~~`j`ncv`mk~ mj `kfy~vr`ca $ckf ~irz`ni) ~invmr~ c~ ck cxxrmxr`cvi bc~`~
jmr ckcap~`~ mj fiziamxeikv~ `k `kfy~vr`ca cnv`z`v`i~! xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ ckf zcayi
ndc`k~+
Jmaam|`kl jrme vdi xriz`my~ xm`kv! vdi `knric~`kl rckli ckf nmexait`vp mj
nmexivikni~ ykfirap`kl vdi nricv`mk mj nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli~ |`vd`k `kfy~vrp
~ylli~v~ vdi kiif vm ~vriklvdik `kfy~vr`ca `kvir%a`kocli vdcv ricnd bipmkf vrcf`v`mkca
`kfy~vr`ca ~invmr ncvilmr`i~ ckf limlrcxd`nca bmykfcr`i~+ Vd`~ ~dmyaf nmzir kmv mkap
nac~~`nca xrmfynv`mk jcnvmr~ $i+l+ acbmyr! xdp~`nca ncx`vca! rc| ecvir`ca~ ckf
`kvireif`cvi lmmf~) ckf okm|aifli%bc~if `kxyv~ $i+l+ ri~icrnd ckf vindkmamlp
fiziamxeikv) byv ca~m vdi jyaa rckli mj ~yxxmrv`kl xrmfynv`mk cnv`z`v`i~ ckf ~irz`ni~
vdcv nck xrmz`fi cff`v`mkca nmexivikni~ mr okm|%dm| jrme |d`nd nmexiv`v`zi
cfzckvcli~ ecp bi fir`zif+
Vdi jic~`b`a`vp mj fi~`lk`kl ckf `exaieikv`kl ~invmr%bc~if xma`np cxxrmcndi~! cv
aic~v |diri vdi~i cri bc~if mk vrcf`v`mkca kmv`mk~ mj `kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~! ecp bi
brmyldv `kvm syi~v`mk bp vdi `knric~`klap nmexait `kvir%a`kocli~ mj `kfy~vr`ca
xrmfynv`mk ckf ~irz`ni cnv`z`v`i~+ Vdi nmexait`vp mj `kvir%a`kocli~ biv|iik `kfy~vr`ca
~invmr~ `knric~i~ vdi r`~o vdcv xma`n`i~ f`rinvif vm|crf~ mki ~invmr ecp dczi
ykjmri~iik mr xirzir~i ijjinv~ `k mvdir ~invmr~! |diri ~ynd a`kocli~ cri kmv jyaap
ykfir~vmmf+ Mzircaa! `knric~if nmexait`vp ~ylli~v~ vdcv vdi myvnmei~ mj ~invmr%
~xin`j`n xma`np eic~yri~ binmei ai~~ xrif`nvcbai+
@knric~`kl nmexait`vp
ncaa~ jmr c j`kir ri~mayv`mk
mj `kfy~vr`ca ckcap~`~
Vdi f`zir~`vp mj
nmexivikni~
fivire`k`kl nmexiv`v`zi
cfzckvcli~ ncaa~ jmr
~vriklvdik`kl `kfy~vr`ca
a`kocli~ bipmkf
vrcf`v`mkca ~invmr
bmykfcr`i~
@knric~if `kvir%a`kocli~
mj `kfy~vr`ca cnv`z`v`i~
ecp rifyni xm~~`b`a`v`i~
vm `exaieikv ~invmr%
bc~if xma`n`i~ ckf vdi`r
ijjinv`ziki~~
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
18/98
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
19/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 28
`kkmzcv`mk ckf `kvilrcvi c~~i~~eikv~ mj vdi `exa`ncv`mk~ jmr jyvyri vrcginvmr`i~ mj
`kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~+
Vdi ~xiif |`vd |d`nd `kfy~vr`i~ cri cbai vm ri~xmkf vm ~yffik ndckli~ `k nmexiv`v`mk
ckf fr`zir~ mj nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `~ a`oiap vm binmei `knric~`klap `exmrvckv+ Vd`~
`exa`i~ vdcv xma`np jrcei|mro~ kiif vm ~yxxmrv vdi jait`b`a`vp mj `kfy~vrp vm ricnv
rcx`f vm ~yffik ndckli~ ckf vm jcn`a`vcvi vdi`r `exaieikvcv`mk mj vrck~jmrecv`mk
~vrcvil`i~+ Cv vdi ~cei v`ei! cfe`~~`mk mj vdi ykxrif`nvcbai kcvyri mj jcnvmr~ vdcv ecp
`kjayikni `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf yknirvc`kvp cbmyv vdi cnv`z`v`i~ vdcv ecp bi
cjjinvif! `exap vdcv `v |`aa bi f`jj`nyav jmr xma`np jrcei|mro~ vm vcrliv ~xin`j`n
zyakircbai ~invmr~ mr cnv`z`v`i~ `k cfzckni+ Vd`~ ~ylli~v~ vdi kiif jmr `knric~if
cvvikv`mk vm likirca xma`n`i~ vm ~yxxmrv `kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk! rcvdir vdck ~iainv`zi
eic~yri~ vcrlivif vm|crf~ ~xin`j`n `kfy~vrp ~invmr~+
@k ck ikz`rmkeikv ndcrcnvir`~if bp rcx`f! ~yffik ckf ykxrif`nvcbai ndckli~ `k
by~`ki~~ nmkf`v`mk~ ckf nmexiv`v`mk! ikvirxr`~i~ ~v`aa kiif vm fiziamx c amkl%vire
z`i| c~ vdi bc~`~ jmr by~`ki~~ xackk`kl ckf `kzi~veikv fin`~`mk~+ @k vd`~ ri~xinv!
~vcb`a`vp mr cv aic~v xrif`nvcb`a`vp ckf vrck~xcriknp mj rilyacvmrp nmkf`v`mk~ cri
`exmrvckv+ Jrisyikv ndckli~ `k rilyacvmrp nmkf`v`mk~ itcnirbcvi xrmbaie~ mj
yknirvc`kvp ckf ykxrif`nvcb`a`vp! |d`nd nck fiacp fin`~`mk~ vdcv ecp dczi `exmrvckv
`exa`ncv`mk~ jmr nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf ~am| fm|k xrmni~~i~ mj `kfy~vr`ca
vrck~jmrecv`mk+
@kfy~vr`ca xma`np lmzirkckni `k c lambca`~if |mraf
C~ |c~ kmvif `k vdi `kvrmfynv`mk vm vd`~ ndcxvir! vdi inmkme`n ckf j`kckn`ca nr`~`~
d`lda`ldvif vdi kiif jmr eyav`%aizia lmzirkckni cxxrmcndi~ vm inmkme`n $ckf `kfy~vr`ca)xma`np+ Emri likircaap! |i nck mb~irzi `knric~`kl xma`np ~x`aa%mzir ijjinv~ bmvd
xm~`v`zi ckf kilcv`zi cnrm~~ ril`mk~ ckf nmykvr`i~! cnrm~~ ~invmr~ ckf by~`ki~~
cnv`z`v`i~! ckf cnrm~~ xma`np cric~+ \d`ai vdi IY dc~ `exmrvckv ri~xmk~`b`a`v`i~ `k ~mei
oip cric~ mj xma`np vdcv cjjinv `kfy~vrp $i+l+ vrcfi! nmexiv`v`mk! `kvirkca ecroiv)! eckp mj
vdi xma`np cric~ vdcv nck `excnv em~v f`rinvap mk vdi brmcf by~`ki~~ ikz`rmkeikv jmr
`kfy~vrp cri fivire`kif cv vdi aizia mj Eiebir ^vcvi~ mr izik cv ~yb%kcv`mkca $`+i+
ril`mkca mr amnca) aizia~+ Cv vdi ~cei v`ei! eckp mj vdi ndcaaikli~ jcnif bp `kfy~vrp
ckf! `k vyrk! bp xma`np%ecoir~ cri fij`kif cv ck izik d`ldir `kvirkcv`mkca aizia+ Jmr
itcexai! cffri~~`kl ikz`rmkeikvca ckf ikirlp `~~yi~! ckf cnni~~ vm rc| ecvir`ca~ ckf
`kvirkcv`mkca ecroiv~ kini~~`vcvi jm~vir`kl clriieikv~ ckf xma`np cnv`mk~ cv c ~yxrc%IY
$mr lambca) aizia+ Vd`~ rc`~i~ c nikvrca `~~yi jmr vdi fiziamxeikv mj ck IY%|`fi^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np mj dm| vm ijjinv`ziap ckf ijj`n`ikvap ik~yri
nmdirikni! nmmrf`kcv`mk ckf `kvilrcv`mk mj xma`np cxxrmcndi~ cnrm~~ f`jjirikv xma`np
fmec`k~ ckf lmzirkckni aizia~7
Vdi `knric~`kl limlrcxd`nca nmexait`vp mj `kfy~vrp zcayi ndc`k~! vdi `kvilrcv`mk mj
ecroiv~! ckf vdi lambca kcvyri mj eckp mj vdi em~v xri~~`kl xma`np ndcaaikli~ jmr
`kfy~vrp crlyi jmr i~vcba`~d`kl eyav`%f`eik~`mkca xma`np lmzirkckni jrcei|mro~ $`+i+
eyav`%aizia ckf eyav`%xma`np)+
Xma`np jrcei|mro~ kiif
vm ~yxxmrv `kfy~vrp vm
ricnv rcx`fap ckf
`exaieikv vrck~jmrecv`mk
~vrcvil`i~
byv vd`~ ecp risy`ri
dmr`wmkvca rcvdir vdck
~invmr ~xin`j`n xma`n`i~
^vcb`a`vp ckf
vrck~xcriknp mj
rilyacvmrp nmkf`v`mk~
~yxxmrv~ amkl%vire
by~`ki~~ xackk`kl! vdy~
xrmemv`kl
nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf
`kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk
C kiif jmr eyav`%
f`eik~`mkca xma`np
lmzirkckni jrcei|mro~
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
20/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 23
3+6 Vm|crf~ ck myva`ki jrcei|mro jmr ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`caNmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np
Vdi xrinif`kl ~inv`mk~ dczi cvviexvif vm rc`~i ~mei mj vdi brmcfir `~~yi~ vdcv crlycbap
kiif vm bi cffri~~if bp ck IY ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np+ Frc|`kl
mk vdi~i! ckf mk ~mei mj vdi likirca jicvyri~ mj nyrrikv IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf ~mei mj
vdi c~~mn`cvif oip nmknixv~ $~ii Ckkit) vd`~ ~inv`mk c`e~ vm xrmz`fi c likirca jrcei|mro
jmr fi~nr`b`kl ckf ckcap~`kl ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np+
3+6+3 @kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf vrck~jmrecv`mk
Fivire`kckv~ mj `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~
C~ c ~vcrv`kl xm`kv! vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj j`re~! ~invmr~ ckf `kfy~vrp c~ |dmai fixikf~
bmvd yxmk `kvirkca nmkf`v`mk~ |`vd`k `kfy~vrp `v~iaj ckf mk vdi brmcf itvirkcajrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr `kfy~vrp+ Vdy~! |i nck f`~v`kly`~d v|m f`eik~`mk~ mj `kfy~vr`ca
nmexiv`v`ziki~~7
\`vd`k kfy~vrp fivire`kckv~ vdcv riacvi vm vdi ~`vycv`mk ckf `kvirkca fpkce`n~ |`vd`k
`kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~+ C kyebir mj oip iaieikv~ nck bi `fikv`j`if7
% J`re ~vrcvil`i~ ckf by~`ki~~ emfia~! nmzir`kl vdi f`jjirikv ~vrcvil`i~ jmaam|if
bp nmexck`i~ $i+l+ nm~v%bc~if! `kkmzcv`mk%fr`zik! brckf`kl * ecroiv`kl)?
% @kxyv jcnvmr yv`a`~cv`mk! nmzir`kl vdi yv`a`~cv`mk mj xrmfynv`mk jcnvmr~ |`vd`k vdi
~invmr $i+l+ acbmyr! ncx`vca! `kvireif`cvi lmmf~ ckf ~irz`ni~! ckf okm|aifli ckf
vindkmamlp)?
% Xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~ ckf xrmfynv fiziamxeikv! nmzir`kl vdi eckclieikv ckfmrlck`~cv`mk mj xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ |`vd`k vdi ~invmr `knayf`kl! jmr itcexai!
vindkmamlp yv`a`~cv`mk! byv ca~m iknmexc~~`kl xrmfynv ckf ~irz`ni fiziamxeikv
ckf kkmzcv`mk?
% @kfy~vrp ~vrynvyri ckf mrlck`~cv`mk! nmzir`kl vdi mzircaa ~vrynvyri mj vdi ~invmr `k
vire~ mj! jmr itcexai! ikvirxr`~i nmexm~`v`mk $~`wi)! ~xin`ca`~cv`mk ckf
~ileikvcv`mk! inmkme`i~ mj ~ncai ckf ~nmxi! nmexckp jmrecv`mk ckf nam~yri!
ivn+?
% ^yxxap ckf zcayi ndc`k riacv`mk~d`x~! nmzir`kl vdi yx~vrice $bcno|crf) ckf
fm|k~vrice $jmr|crf) a`kocli~ biv|iik `kfy~vrp $ckf mvdir) ~invmr~ ckf ecroiv~+
Jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk fivire`kckv~ vdcv cri nmknirkif |`vd vdi rilyacvmrp
ikz`rmkeikv ckf mvdir jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ vdcv cri |`vd`k vdi ricnd mj xma`np ckf
vdcv ~dcxi vdi likirca nmkvitv `k |d`nd j`re~ mxircvi+ I~~ikv`caap vd`~ nmzir~ c~xinv~
mj vdi by~`ki~~ ckf mxircv`mkca ikz`rmkeikv vdcv cri itvirkca vm `kf`z`fyca $ckf
nmaainv`zi) by~`ki~~ mxircv`mk~ mj j`re~ |`vd`k vdi ~invmr7
% Rilyacvmrp ckf `k~v`vyv`mkca nmkf`v`mk~7 vd`~ nmzir~ vdi rilyacvmrp ckf
`k~v`vyv`mkca nmkf`v`mk~ vdcv cxxap vm vdi ~invmr `v~iaj! mr vdcv `kjayikni `kxyv~ ckf
ri~myrni~ `kvm xrmfynv`mk $`+i+ `kfy~vrp nmkf`v`mk~)! mr ecroiv~ ckf fieckf jmr
vdi ~invmr~ myvxyv~ $`+i+ ecroiv nmkf`v`mk~)+ @k vire~ mj xma`np eic~yri~! vdi~i
`knayfi c~xinv~ ~ynd c~ acbmyr ecroiv rilyacv`mk~! nmexiv`v`mk xma`np! xrmvinv`mk
mj `kviaainvyca xrmxirvp r`ldv~! `kfy~vrp ~vckfcrf~! ikirlp ckf ikz`rmkeikvail`~acv`mk! ivn+
@kvirkca fpkce`n~ |`vd`k
`kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~ riec`k
`exmrvckv+
byv ~m cri vdinmkf`v`mk~ vdcv ~dcxi vdi
likirca nmkvitv `k |d`nd
j`re~ mxircvi
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
21/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 22
% Mvdir jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~7 vd`~ nmzir~ c brmcfir rckli mj nmkf`v`mk~ ~dcx`kl
vdi by~`ki~~ ikz`rmkeikv byv vdcv ecp bi `kjayiknif f`rinvap mr `kf`rinvap bp
$ec`kap kmk%rilyacvmrp) xma`np eic~yri~+ Clc`k |i nck f`~v`kly`~d biv|iik
~yxxap%~`fi nmkf`v`mk~ xcrv`nyacrap `k riacv`mk vm jcnvmr `kxyv~ ~ynd c~ acbmyrjmrni ckf ~o`aa~! xdp~`nca `kjrc~vrynvyri! okm|aifli fiziamxeikv ckf f`jjy~`mk!
cnni~~ vm j`kckni! ivn+ ckf fieckf%~`fi nmkf`v`mk~ `k ecroiv~ jmr vdi ~invmr~
xrmfynv~ ckf ~irz`ni~ $i+l+ ndckl`kl nmk~yeir xrijirikni~! nmk~yeir xma`n`i~!
ivn+)
@kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk xri~~yri~ ckf xrmni~~i~36
Bipmkf vdi `kvirkca nmkf`v`mk~ ckf brmcf itvirkca jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ myva`kif
cbmzi! Iyrmxick `kfy~vrp ckf Iyrmxick ~mn`ivp `k likirca `~ nmkjrmkvif bp c |`fi
rckli mj jykfceikvca ndcaaikli~ vdcv `kjayikni nmexiv`v`mk ckf nmexiv`v`zi nmkf`v`mk~+
Vdi~i ndcaaikli~ |d`nd cri mjvik `kvirriacvif `knayfi mzircrnd`kl `~~yi~ ~ynd c~
lambca`~cv`mk ckf `kvirkcv`mkca nmexiv`v`mk! na`ecvi ndckli ckf ikz`rmkeikv!
fiemlrcxd`n ndckli ckf e`lrcv`mk! vindkmaml`nca ndckli! limxma`v`nca vik~`mk~ ckf
~inyr`vp! ckf c~ rinikv izikv~ dczi fiemk~vrcvif zyakircb`a`vp vm inmkme`n ~dmno~
ckf nr`~i~+ Naicrap vdi ncxcb`a`vp mj `kfy~vrp vm ijjinv`ziap ri~xmkf vm vdi~i ndcaaikli~ `~
nam~iap a`koif vm `v~ nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf vdi zcr`my~ fivire`kckv~ mj nmexiv`v`ziki~~
myva`kif cbmzi+ Cv vdi ~cei v`ei! ri~xmkf`kl vm vdi~i ndcaaikli~ nck aicf vm cfcxvcv`mk~
`k vdi |cp~ bp |d`nd `kfy~vrp nmkvr`byvi vm inmkme`n! ~mn`ca ckf ikz`rmkeikvca
myvnmei~ ckf mbginv`zi~ ckf! `k vyrk! vm vdi mzircaa nmexm~`v`mk mj inmkme`n cnv`z`v`i~+
Cnnmrf`klap! `k xcrcaaia vm nricv`kl vdi r`ldv nmkf`v`mk~ jmr `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~!
`kfy~vr`ca xma`np ca~m xacp~ c rmai `k jcn`a`vcv`kl vdi cfcxvcv`mk mj `kfy~vrp vm ndckl`klinmkme`n! ~mn`ca ckf ikz`rmkeikvca nmkf`v`mk~+ Mk vdi mki dckf! vd`~ ecp iknmexc~~
riacv`ziap kiyvrca xma`np eic~yri~ c`eif cv nricv`kl bik`lk jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr
ikvirxr`~i fiziamxeikv ckf nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ Mk vdi mvdir! `v ecp ca~m iknmexc~~ emri
xm~`v`zi xma`np eic~yri~ c`eif cv `kjayikn`kl ckf xrmemv`kl vdi vrck~jmrecv`mk
fiziamxeikv mj `kfy~vrp `k ~xin`j`n f`rinv`mk~ $i+l+ `k cnnmrfckni |`vd ~y~vc`kcbai
fiziamxeikv mbginv`zi~)+
Cv vd`~ xm`kv! `v `~ xirdcx~ |mrvd rincaa`kl vdcv xrmni~~i~ mj `kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk nck
bi mb~irzif cv c zcr`ivp mj f`jjirikv aizia~39
36
\i y~i vdi fi~nr`xv`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk rcvdir vdck ~vrynvyrca cfgy~veikv+ Vd`~ ndm`ni dc~ biik ecfi bincy~i vdi
rmai mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `k ~yxxmrv`kl $~vrynvyrca cfgy~veikv `~ vpx`ncaap c~~mn`cvif |`vd eic~yri~ f`rinvif vm|crf~
e`v`lcv`kl vdi cfzir~i ~mn`ca nmk~isyikni c~~mn`cvif |`vd `kfy~vr`ca fina`ki+ Vd`~ vikf~ vm kilainv vdi jcnv vdcv `kfy~vrp
kiif~ vm nmkv`kycaap cfcxv ckf kmv kini~~cr`ap `k kilcv`zi |cp~ `k ri~xmk~i vm ndckl`kl inmkme`n! ecroiv!
vindkmaml`nca! ~mn`ca ckf mvdir nmkf`v`mk~+ Jmr itcexai! vdi |dmai kmv`mk mj emz`kl vm|crf~ emri ~y~vc`kcbai ckf lriikir
xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ ckf xrmfynv`mk myvxyv~ `exa`i~ ~`lk`j`nckv cfcxvcv`mk bp `kfy~vrp! vdi myvnmei mj |d`nd `v `~ dmxif |`aa
bi jcr jrme kilcv`zi+ Cnnmrf`klap! jmr vdi xyrxm~i~ mj vd`~ xcxir! `kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk rijir~ kmv ~m eynd vm e`v`lcv`kl
eic~yri~ vm caaiz`cvi vdi kilcv`zi `excnv~ mj `kfy~vr`ca fina`ki byv! rcvdir! riacvi~ vm eic~yri~ vm jcn`a`vcvi vdi cfcxvcv`mk
mj `kfy~vrp |d`ai nmkvr`byv`kl vm cnd`iz`kl $ckf ec`kvc`k`kl vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj `kfy~vrp `k cnnmrfckni |`vd ~y~vc`kcbai
fiziamxeikv mbginv`zi~+
+ Vm ~vcrv! vdip ecp `kzmazi brmcf ndckli~
ecnrm ~invmr aizia ndckli~! kmvcbap vdi xrmni~~i~ mj virv`cr`~cv`mk $`+i+ r`~`kl ~dcri mj
~irz`ni~ `k inmkme`n cnv`z`vp) ckf ~m%ncaaif sycrvirkcr`~cv`mk c~~mn`cvif |`vd vdi r`~i
mj `kjmrecv`mk ckf okm|aifli%bc~if ~irz`ni~+ Biam| vd`~! vrck~jmrecv`mk nck mnnyr cv c
~invmr aizia $i+l+ ndckli~ `k vdi f`~vr`byv`mk mj inmkme`n cnv`z`vp cnrm~~ `kfy~vr`ca
39^ii ^inv`mk 3+: jmr c emri fivc`aif fi~nr`xv`mk+
Vdi ncxcb`a`vp mj `kfy~vrp
vm ri~xmkf vm itvirkca
ndcaaikli~ |`aa bi
fin`~`zi++
Vrck~jmrecv`mk nck bi
mb~irzif cv zcr`my~
aizia~
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
22/98
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
23/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 26
J`lyri 3+3 ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ jrcei|mro
NMEXIV@VMR
XIRJMRECKNI
J@KCAECROIV
FIECKF
FIZIAMXEIKV^
ECROIV
@K^V@VYV@MK^*
RILYACV@MK^
J@RE^VRCVIL
@I^*BY^@KI^^
EMFIA^
XRMFYNV@MKXRMNI^^
FIZIA
MXEIKV
@KFY^VRP^
VRYNVYRI^*
MRLCK@^CV@MK
@KXYVJCNVM
RYV@A@^CV@MK
ITMLIK
MY^
NMKF@V@MK^
lambca`~c
v`mk!
vindkm
amlp!
na`ecvindckli!
fiemlrcxd`n
~!
INMKME@N*MV
DIR
,^DM
NO^,
^YXXMRV@KL
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JCNVMRECROIV
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@K^V@VYV@MK^
*
RILYACV@MK^
ITMLIKMY^
N
MKF@V@MK^
lambca`~cv`mk!
vi
ndkmamlp!
na`ecvindckli!
fiemlrcxd`n~!
INMKME@N*MVDIR
,^
DMNO^,
JMR\CRF
A@KOCLI^
BCNO\CRF
A@KOCLI^
Nmexiv`v`ziki~~*
Cfgy~vei
kvXmvikv`ca
^YXXAP-Z
CAYINDC@K
RIACV
@MK^D@X^
NMEXIV@V@ZIKI^^
MYV
NMEI^
Jrcei|mr
oNmkf`v`mk~
^yxxap%~`fi
Nmkf`v`mk~
Fieckf%~`fi
Nmkf`v`mk~
\`vd`k
`kfy~vrp
Nmkf`v`mk~
VRCK^JMRECV@MKXIRJMRECKNI
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
24/98
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
25/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 2:
Eiebir ^vcvi~ fm kmv `ex`kli mk vdi `kvilr`vp mj vdi @kvirkca Ecroiv+ Jyrvdiremri! vdi
`knric~`kl nmexait`vp mj `kvir%riacv`mk~d`x~ biv|iik `kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~ $`+i+ zcayi-~yxxap
ndc`k riacv`mk~d`x~) ckf cnrm~~ limlrcxd`nca amncv`mk~! ~ylli~v~ vdcv cvvikv`mk ~dmyaf ca~m
bi xc`f vm vdi `exa`ncv`mk~ mj `kvir%~invmrca ckf! izik `kvrc%~invmrca fpkce`n~ mjxma`np `k`v`cv`zi~ ckf xmvikv`ca ~x`aa%mzir ijjinv~ bmvd cnrm~~ ~invmr~ ckf cnrm~~
limlrcxd`nca bmykfcr`i~+ @k vd`~ ri~xinv! xrmni~~i~ mj lambca`~cv`mk ckf vdi lambca
f`eik~`mk mj eckp ndcaaikli~ jcn`kl IY `kfy~vrp! `exap vdcv IY nckkmv cnv `k `~macv`mk
ckf vdcv nirvc`k f`eik~`mk~ mj c ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np! risy`ri
cxxrmcndi~ ckf ~mayv`mk~ fij`kif cv c brmcfir `kvirkcv`mkca $lambca) aizia+
Vm|crf~ c y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Jrcei|mro
Br`kl`kl vmlivdir vdi zcr`my~ iaieikv~ fi~nr`bif cbmzi! J`lyri 3+2 xrmz`fi~ c ~vpa`~if
rixri~ikvcv`mk ckf ncvilmr`~cv`mk mj vdi ec`k iaieikv~ mj c ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca
nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np+
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
26/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 2+ @v ~iie~ `kiz`vcbai vdcv vdi crv`nyacv`mk biv|iik ~y~vc`kcbai fiziamxeikv ckf
`kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ |`aa bi cemkl vdi nikvrca vdiei~ ckf em~v a`oiap vdi
ec`k mzircrnd`kl vdiei jmr jyvyri `kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ C jyvyri ~y~vc`kcbai`kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np |`aa kiif vm jcn`a`vcvi vdi cfcxvcv`mk ckf
vrck~jmrecv`mk mj `kfy~vrp |d`ai nmkvr`byv`kl vm cnd`iz`kl $ckf ec`kvc`k`kl) vdi
nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj `kfy~vrp `k cnnmrfckni |`vd ~y~vc`kcbai fiziamxeikv mbginv`zi~+
6+ Vdi cb`a`vp mj ieirl`kl inmkme`i~ vm xm~`v`mk vdie~iazi~ c~ ecgmr nmexiv`vmr~ `k
~m%ncaaif d`ld%vind ~invmr~ dc~ fiemk~vrcvif vdcv vdi `kvr`k~`n vindkmaml`nca aizia
mj c ~invmr `~ kmv c ~d`iaf clc`k~v nmexiv`v`mk+ @k jcnv! vdi itvirkca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj
IY `kfy~vrp dc~ ai~~ vm fm |`vd `v~ riacv`zi xm~`v`mk `k ~invmr~ |`vd f`jjirikv
vindkmamlp ncvilmr`~cv`mk~ $`+i+ am|%! eif`ye% mr d`ld%vind) ckf emri vm fm |`vd
ncxcb`a`v`i~ mj IY ikvirxr`~i~ cnrm~~ c rckli mj ~invmr~ vm ~ynni~~jyaap cxxap
vindkmaml`i~ `k `kkmzcvi |cp~ mr vm cfcxv vindkmaml`i~ vm ~xin`j`n ecroiv
risy`rieikv~ $`+i+ xrmfynv f`jjirikv`cv`mk ckf ~xin`ca`~cv`mk)+
9+ Vrck~jmrecv`mk xrmni~~i~ a`koif vm vindkmamlp fiziamxeikv~ fm kmv mkap `kzmazi
d`ld%vind eckyjcnvyr`kl ~invmr~ byv ca~m `kzmazi `kkmzcv`zi cxxa`ncv`mk~ mj
vindkmamlp `k am|ir%vind ~invmr~+ Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ecp bi emri lricvap ikdcknif bp
~vrcvil`i~ $i+l+ ~ecrv ~xin`ca`~cv`mk) vdcv by`af yxmk it`~v`kl c~~iv~ $i+l+ ~o`aa~ ckf
itxirv`~i! czc`acbai xdp~`nca `kxyv~! ikz`rmkeikvca nmkf`v`mk~! ecroiv cnni~~
nmkf`v`mk~! ivn) vdck gyex`kl yxmk nyrrikv vindkmamlp bckf|clmk~+
:+ \d`ai vckl`bai jcnvmr~ xrmz`fi vdi bifrmno jmr $itvirkca) nmexiv`v`ziki~~!
`knric~`klap vdi jcnvmr~ vdcv ykfirx`k vdi cb`a`vp mj j`re~ vm f`jjirikv`cvi vdie~iazi~
jrme vdi`r nmexiv`vmr~ cri `kvckl`bai+ Jcnvmr~ ~ynd c~ syca`vp! brckf`kl!
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
28/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 20
ny~vme`~cv`mk ckf xrmz`~`mk mj xrmfynv%riacvif ~irz`ni~! nck ca~m bi `fikv`j`if c~
nryn`ca jmr ikcba`kl IY `kfy~vr`i~ vm `kkmzcvi ckf vm xm~`v`mk vdie~iazi~ `k yx%
ecroiv ckf d`ld zcayi%cffif xrmfynv ~ileikv~+
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
29/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >8
32+ Vdi ~xiif |`vd |d`nd `kfy~vr`i~ cri cbai vm ri~xmkf vm ~yffik ndckli~ `k
nmexiv`v`mk ckf fr`zir~ mj nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `~ a`oiap vm binmei `knric~`klap
`exmrvckv+ Vd`~ `exa`i~ vdcv xma`np jrcei|mro~ kiif vm ~yxxmrv vdi jait`b`a`vp mj
`kfy~vrp vm ricnv rcx`f vm ~yffik ndckli~ ckf vm jcn`a`vcvi vdi`r `exaieikvcv`mk mjvrck~jmrecv`mk ~vrcvil`i~+
3>+ Jrisyikv ndckli~ `k rilyacvmrp nmkf`v`mk~ itcnirbcvi xrmbaie~ mj yknirvc`kvp ckf
ykxrif`nvcb`a`vp! |d`nd nck fiacp fin`~`mk~ vdcv ecp dczi `exmrvckv `exa`ncv`mk~ jmr
nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf ~am| fm|k xrmni~~i~ mj `kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk+ ^vcb`a`vp mr
cv aic~v xrif`nvcb`a`vp ckf vrck~xcriknp mj rilyacvmrp nmkf`v`mk~ cri `exmrvckvjmr
ikvirxr`~i~ vm fiziamx c amkl%vire z`i| c~ vdi bc~`~ jmr by~`ki~~ xackk`kl ckf
`kzi~veikv fin`~`mk~+
36+ Vdi `knric~`kl limlrcxd`nca nmexait`vp mj `kfy~vrp zcayi ndc`k~! vdi `kvilrcv`mk mj
ecroiv~! ckf vdi lambca kcvyri mj eckp mj vdi em~v xri~~`kl xma`np ndcaaikli~ jmr`kfy~vrp nck bi mb~irzi `k `knric~`kl xma`np ~x`aa%mzir ijjinv~ bmvd xm~`v`zi ckf
kilcv`zi cnrm~~ ril`mk~ ckf nmykvr`i~! cnrm~~ ~invmr~ ckf by~`ki~~ cnv`z`v`i~! ckf
cnrm~~ xma`np cric~+ Vd`~ rc`~i~ c nikvrca `~~yi mj dm| vm ijjinv`ziap ckf ijj`n`ikvap
ik~yri nmdirikni! nmmrf`kcv`mk ckf `kvilrcv`mk mj xma`np cxxrmcndi~ cnrm~~ f`jjirikv
xma`np fmec`k~ ckf lmzirkckni aizia~ ckf crlyi~ jmr i~vcba`~d`kl eyav`%f`eik~`mkca
xma`np lmzirkckni jrcei|mro~ jmr ck IY%|`fi ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca
Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np+
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
30/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >3
Ckkit7 IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np7 bcnolrmykf!ykfirap`kl `~~yi~ ckf oip nmknixv~
3+3 @kvrmfynv`mk
Vdi c`e~ ckf mbginv`zi~ mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! vdi rckli ckf vpxi~ mj xma`np eic~yri~ nmzirif! ckf
vdi ~nmxi mj cxxa`ncv`mk mj xm~~`bai eic~yri~ nck bi z`i|if jrme c |`fi rckli mj d`~vmr`nca!fiziamxeikvca! `k~v`vyv`mkca ckf `kviaainvyca xir~xinv`zi~+ Emrimzir! c zcr`ivp mj v`vai~ dczi biik
zcr`my~ap y~if vm fi~nr`bi `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ~ynd c~7 `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np! `kfy~vr`ca
fiziamxeikv xma`np! ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! ikvirxr`~i xma`np! ivn+ vdi f`jjirikni~ biv|iik
|d`nd mjvik cxxicr rcvdir ceb`lymy~+ Kmv ~yrxr`~`klap! vdirijmri! c xrin`~i fij`k`v`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca
xma`np `~ ~mei|dcv iay~`zi+ @k vd`~ ~inv`mk! vdirijmri! |i ~dcaa cvviexv vm xrmz`fi c likirca
fi~nr`xv`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! ckf `fikv`jp ckf fij`ki ~mei mj vdi oip `~~yi~ ~yrrmykf`kl nyrrikv
cxxrmcndi~ vm `kfy~vr`ca xma`np fiziamxeikv+
3+2 Maf zir~y~ ki| `kfy~vr`ca xma`np34
\dcv ecp bi vireif maf `kfy~vr`ca xma`np cv aic~v |`vd`k vdi v`eijrcei mj vdi IY $ckf
xriz`my~ap vdi Iyrmxick Nmeeyk`vp) `~ y~ycaap c~~mn`cvif |`vd f`rinv ckf ~invmr%~xin`j`n
`kvirzikv`mk~ c`eif! mk vdi mki dckf! cv iknmyrcl`kl vdi fiziamxeikv mj ~xin`j`n ~invmr~ `fikv`j`if
c~ mjjir`kl mxxmrvyk`v`i~ jmr lrm|vd ckf iexampeikv ckf! mk vdi mvdir dckf! bp ijjmrv~ bmvd cv
kcv`mkca ckf Nmeeyk`vp%aizia vm xrizikv vdi fina`ki mj ~invmr~ nmk~`firif vm bi mj ~vrcvil`n
`exmrvckni jmr c zcr`ivp mj `kfy~vr`ca! ~mn`ca mr ~inyr`vp%riacvif ric~mk~+ Rijainv`kl c nmeb`kcv`mk
mj xmmr cnvyca xma`np myvnmei~! ndckl`kl inmkme`n mrvdmfmtp! ckf limxma`v`nca vrck~jmrecv`mk! bp
vdi 3008~ `j kmv caricfp icra`ir vdi o`kf~ mj xma`n`i~ c~~mn`cvif |`vd cvviexv~ cv x`no`kl
|`kkir~ ckf bc`a`kl myv am~ir~ dcf binmei acrliap f`~nrif`vif
30
+
^`kni vdi 3008~ vdiri dc~ biik c likirca ~d`jv `k vdi iexdc~`~ mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np c|cp jrme~invmr ~xin`j`n `kvirzikv`mk~ ckf vm|crf~ kmk%~invmr%~xin`j`n xma`np eic~yri~+ \dcv ecp bi
rijirrif vm c~ ki| `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `k xcrv`nyacr |`vd`k vdi IY nmkvitv dc~ biik ndcrcnvir`~if
bp c jmny~ mk nricv`kl vdi r`ldv brmcf ikz`rmkeikv jmr `kfy~vr`ca fiziamxeikv bc~if mk cnv`mk~ mj
c nrm~~%~invmrca $`+i+ kmk ~invmr ~xin`j`n) kcvyri+ Vd`~ cxxrmcnd |c~ `kvilrcvif `kvm vdi Ecc~vr`ndv
Vricvp `k 3002! |d`nd xrmz`fif vdi j`r~v ailca rijirikni vm IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ Ykfir Crv`nai 3>8
mj vdi Vricvp $km| Crv`nai 3 mj vdi A`~bmk Vricvp? ~ii Bmt 3+3)! vdi IY ckf Eiebir ^vcvi~ cri
34Jmr c emri fivc`aif ckcap~`~ mj vdi ndckl`kl nmknixv mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ~ii! jmr itcexai7 B`cknd` X+ ckf Acbmrp ^+ $288:!
Jrme maf `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vm ki| `kfy~vr`ca fiziamxeikv xma`n`i~ ckf Xiaoeck~ G+ $288: Iyrmxick @kfy~vr`ca Xma`np!
bmvd `k B`cknd` X+ ckf Acbmrp ^+ $if+ @kvirkcv`mkca dckfbmmo mk `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! If|crf Ialcr+
30 Kmkivdiai~~! izik vmfcp vdiri riec`k~ ~meivd`kl mj c dcklmzir `k vire~ mj vdi c~~mn`cv`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np |`vd vdi~i
vpxi~ mj `kvirzikv`mk+ Cv aic~v! FL Ikvirxr`~i cxxicr~ vm j`kf `v kini~~crp vm itxa`n`vap itnayfi ~ynd vpxi~ mj xma`np
`kvirzikv`mk~ jrme vdi ~nmxi mj nyrrikv IY `kfy~vr`ca $nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np? ~iiBmt 3+>+
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
31/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >2
risy`rif vm ik~yri vdi nmkf`v`mk~ kini~~crp jmr vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj vdi Yk`mk~ `kfy~vrp ckf jmr
vd`~ xyrxm~i ~dmyaf ykfirvcoi cnv`mk~ c`eif cv7
Jcn`a`vcv`kl $~xiif`kl yx) cfgy~veikv vm ~vrynvyrca ndckli~?
Iknmyrcl`kl ck ikz`rmkeikv jczmyrcbai vm by~`ki~~ `k`v`cv`zi ckf fiziamxeikv? Iknmyrcl`kl ck ikz`rmkeikv jczmyrcbai vm by~`ki~~ nmmxircv`mk?
Jm~vir`kl bivvir `kfy~vr`ca itxam`vcv`mk mj `kkmzcv`mk! ri~icrnd ckf vindkmaml`nca fiziamxeikv+
Bmt 3+3 A`~bmk Vricvp7 Crv`nai 37 @kfy~vrp
3+ Vdi Yk`mk ckf vdi Eiebir ^vcvi~ ~dcaa ik~yri vdcv vdi nmkf`v`mk~ kini~~crp jmr vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mjvdi Yk`mk,~ `kfy~vrp it`~v+
Jmr vdcv xyrxm~i! `k cnnmrfckni |`vd c ~p~vie mj mxik ckf nmexiv`v`zi ecroiv~! vdi`r cnv`mk ~dcaa bic`eif cv7
~xiif`kl yx vdi cfgy~veikv mj `kfy~vrp vm ~vrynvyrca ndckli~!
iknmyrcl`kl ck ikz`rmkeikv jczmyrcbai vm `k`v`cv`zi ckf vm vdi fiziamxeikv mj ykfirvco`kl~vdrmyldmyv vdi Yk`mk! xcrv`nyacrap ~ecaa ckf eif`ye%~`wif ykfirvco`kl~!
iknmyrcl`kl ck ikz`rmkeikv jczmyrcbai vm nmmxircv`mk biv|iik ykfirvco`kl~!
jm~vir`kl bivvir itxam`vcv`mk mj vdi `kfy~vr`ca xmvikv`ca mj xma`n`i~ mj `kkmzcv`mk! ri~icrnd ckfvindkmaml nca fiziamxeikv+
2+ Vdi Eiebir ^vcvi~ ~dcaa nmk~yav icnd mvdir `k a`c`~mk |`vd vdi Nmee`~~`mk ckf! |diri kini~~crp! ~dcaanmmrf`kcvi vdi`r cnv`mk+ Vdi Nmee`~~`mk ecp vcoi ckp y~ijya `k`v`cv`zi vm xrmemvi ~ynd nmmrf`kcv`mk! `kxcrv`nyacr `k`v`cv`zi~ c`e`kl cv vdi i~vcba`~deikv mj ly`fia`ki~ ckf `kf`ncvmr~! vdi mrlck`~cv`mk mj itndcklimj bi~v xrcnv`ni! ckf vdi xrixcrcv`mk mj vdi kini~~crp iaieikv~ jmr xir`mf`n emk`vmr`kl ckf izcaycv`mk+Vdi Iyrmxick Xcra`ceikv ~dcaa bi oixv jyaap `kjmreif+
>+ Vdi Yk`mk ~dcaa nmkvr`byvi vm vdi cnd`izieikv mj vdi mbginv`zi~ ~iv myv `k xcrclrcxd 3 vdrmyld vdixma`n`i~ ckf cnv`z`v`i~ `v xyr~yi~ ykfir mvdir xrmz`~`mk~ mj vdi Vricv`i~+ Vdi Iyrmxick Xcra`ceikv ckf vdiNmykn`a! cnv`kl `k cnnmrfckni |`vd vdi mrf`kcrp ail`~acv`zi xrmnifyri ckf cjvir nmk~yav`kl vdi Inmkme`nckf ^mn`ca Nmee`vvii! ecp fin`fi mk ~xin`j`n eic~yri~ `k ~yxxmrv mj cnv`mk vcoik `k vdi Eiebir ^vcvi~vm cnd`izi vdi mbginv`zi~ ~iv myv `k xcrclrcxd 3! itnayf`kl ckp dcremk`~cv`mk mj vdi ac|~ ckf rilyacv`mk~mj vdi Eiebir ^vcvi~+
Vdi rmai cvvr`byvif vm `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `k vdi Ecc~vr`ndv Vricvp kceiap c~ c vmma vm bi y~if vm
xrmemvi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf vdi cvvikv`mk l`zik vm vdi jmyr a`~vif cnv`mk cric~ dczi riec`kif cv
vdi nmri mj IY%aizia `kfy~vr`ca xma`np fiziamxeikv~ vdrmyld vdi 3008~ ckf mzir vdi ac~v fincfi!
~ybginv vm nirvc`k ndckli~ `k iexdc~`~ camkl vdi |cp28
Vdi Nmee`~~`mk `~ nmee`vvif vm vdi dmr`wmkvca kcvyri mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf vm czm`f c rivyrk vm ~iainv`zi
`kvirzikv`mk`~v xma`n`i~+ Kizirvdiai~~! vdi ~nmxi mj xma`np `k~vryeikv~ ~dmyaf kmv bi ~iik gy~v c~ mkap zirp
brmcf dmr`wmkvca eic~yri~+ Jmr `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vm bi ijjinv`zi! cnnmykv kiif~ vm bi vcoik mj vdi ~xin`j`n
nmkvitv mj `kf`z`fyca ~invmr~+ Xma`n`i~ kiif vm bi nmeb`kif `k c vc`amr%ecfi eckkir mk vdi bc~`~ mj vdi
+ Cv vdi ~cei v`ei! cavdmyld c nrm~~%~invmrca
mr dmr`wmkvca cxxrmcnd dc~ biik ck ykfirap`kl xr`kn`xai mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ~`kni Ecc~vr`ndv!
vd`~ fmi~ kmv `exap ck cb~ikni mj c ~invmrca f`eik~`mk $~invmr%bc~if cxxrmcnd)+ @k xcrv`nyacr!
|dik xyvv`kl jmr|crf `v~ ~vrcvilp jmr `kfy~vr`ca $nmexiv`v`ziki~~) xma`np vm cnnmexckp vdi ri%
acykndif A`~bmk Clikfc `k 2889! vdi IN ~vri~~if vdi kiif jmr ijjinv`zi `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vm
nmeb`ki bmvd dmr`wmkvca ckf ~invmr%bc~if c~xinv~ $`+i+ ~m%ncaaif `kvilrcvif cxxrmcnd)+
^xin`j ncaap! vdi Nmee`~~`mk ~vcvif vdcv7
28Mki ndckli vdcv ncei cbmyv |`vd vdi Ecc~vr`ndv Vricvp |c~ c xcrv`ca ~d`jv `k iexdc~`~ mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np c|cp jrme c
xr`mr`v`~cv`mk mj jcn`a`vcv`kl ~vrynvyrca cfgy~veikv vm c xr`mr`v`~cv`mk mk ikdckn`kl nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ Vd`~ f`~v`knv`mk ecp ~iie
rcvdir ~ieckv`n byv `v xm`kv~ vm vdi jcnv vdcv ikdckn`kl nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `~ xirdcx~ bi~v z`i|if c~ jcn`a`vcv`kl ~vrynvyrca
cfgy~veikv rcvdir vdck z`ni zir~c+ \i nck ~ii! ca~m! vdcv |diric~ vdi mr`l`kca A`~bmk Clikfc ~iv ceb`v`mk~ jmr vdi IY vm
binmei vdi em~v nmexiv`v`zi ril`mk `k vdi |mraf $dm|izir vdcv ecp bi fij`kif! vdi ri%acykndif 2889 Clikfc jmny~if
crlycbap emri xirv`kikvap ckf emri rica`~v`ncaap mk ikdckn`kl nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `k mrfir vm ~v`eyacvi lrm|vd ckf
iexampeikv+ $^ii Bmt 3+2
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
32/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >>
nmknrivi ndcrcnvir`~v`n~ mj ~invmr~ ckf vdi xcrv`nyacr mxxmrvyk`v`i~ ckf ndcaaikli~ vdcv vdip jcni+ Vd`~
`kiz`vcbap dc~ c~ c nmk~isyikni vdcv |d`a~v caa xma`n`i~ cri `exmrvckv! `k vdi IY vmfcp ~mei xma`n`i~ dczi
lricvir `exmrvckni jmr ~mei ~invmr~ vdck mvdir~+23
3+> Vdi ~nmxi mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np
Brmcfap ~xico`kl! |i nck ~cp vdcv IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ xr`ecr`ap nmknirkif |`vd xyba`n xma`np
eic~yri~ vdcv `kjayikni vdi ikz`rmkeikv mr `k IN xcrackni vdi jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ `k
|d`nd j`re~ $ckf `kf`z`fyca~) iklcli `k |icavd nricv`kl inmkme`n cnv`z`v`i~+ @k vyrk! `kfy~vr`ca
xma`np `k`v`cv`zi~ vdcv ~iio vm cjjinv vd`~ ikz`rmkeikv ~dmyaf fm ~m `k c |cp vdcv `~ ~yxxmrv`zi vm
ikdckn`kl vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj $IY) `kfy~vrp+ Vd`~ `~! cv aic~v! vdi xr`ecrp rmai vdcv vdi IN
c~nr`bi~ vm $IY) `kfy~vr`ca xma`np $~ii Bmt 3+2 ckf Bmt 3+>)+ Vdi bc~`n xri~yexv`mk ykfirap`kl
vd`~ cxxrmcnd vm `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ vdcv vdi r`ldv jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ |`aa `excnv xm~`v`ziap mk
vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj ikvirxr`~i~ ckf dikni vdi`r fiziamxeikv! |d`ai vdi |rmkl jrcei|mronmkf`v`mk~ |`aa dczi vdi mxxm~`vi ijjinv+
Ck mbz`my~ `~~yi cr`~`kl jrme vdi cbmzi fi~nr`xv`mk mj vdi rmai mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ vdi
`fikv`j`ncv`mk mj vdi jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr ikvirxr`~i fiziamxeikv vdcv cri riaizckv jmr
`kfy~vr`ca xma`np xir~xinv`zi+ Jmr itcexai! vdi ijjinv`zi jyknv`mk`kl mj nmexiv`v`mk ac| `k mrfir vm
ik~yri mxik ecroiv~ ckf jc`r nmexiv`v`mk `~ crlycbap c jykfceikvca risy`rieikv jmr c ecroiv%
bc~if inmkmep vm xrmz`fi ck ikz`rmkeikv `k |d`nd `kfy~vrp nck vdr`zi+ ^`e`acr crlyeikv~ nmyaf
bi ecfi `k c |dmai rckli mj xma`np cric~! ~ynd c~ vrcfi! iexampeikv! ifyncv`mk! ckf izik cv c
d`ldir ecnrminmkme`n aizia $i+l+ brmcf inmkme`n ckf ~mn`ca xma`np) vdcv dczi vdi xmvikv`ca vm
cjjinv vdi ikz`rmkeikv `k |d`nd by~`ki~~i~ iklcli `k vdi`r cnv`z`v`i~+
Bmt 3+2 Vdi rmai mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np
Rmai mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np
Vdi bc~`n xrie`~i ykfirap`kl vdi Iyrmxick Yk`mk~ `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ vm jmaam| c fpkce`n dmr`wmkvca cxxrmcnd
~emmvd`kl vdi |cp jmr vdi `exaieikvcv`mk mj c nmk~`~vikv xcnocli mj xma`n`i~ vm diax ecoi `kfy~vrp emri
nmexiv`v`zi
^myrni7 NME $3006 >30
@kfy~vr`ca xma`np c`e~ cv ~inyr`kl jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jczmyrcbai vm `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ @v~`k~vryeikv~! |d`nd cri vdm~i mj ikvirxr`~i xma`np! c`e vm xrmz`fi vdi jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ `k |d`nd
ikvrixrikiyr~ ckf by~`ki~~ nck vcoi `k`v`cv`zi~! itxam`v vdi`r `fic~ ckf by`af mk vdi`r mxxmrvyk`v`i~+
^myrni7 NME $2882)
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
33/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >6
gmb nricv`mk! vco`kl cnnmykv mj vdi jcnv vdcv em~v by~`ki~~i~ cri ~ecaa ckf eif`ye%~`wif ikvirxr`~i~ $^EI~+
^myrni7 NME $288 FL Ikvirxr`~i fi~nr`xv`mk mj vdi rmai mj IY `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np
Rmai mj IY `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np
IY `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np `~ cbmyv livv`kl vdi r`ldv ikz`rmkeikv jmr `kfy~vrp vm vdr`zi+
@v `~ cbmyv7
~v`eyacv`kl `kkmzcv`mk ckf nmexiv`v`mk ckf `kzi~veikv `k okm| dm|?
lycrckvii`kl c aizia xacp`kl j`iaf `k vdi ^`klai Ecroiv ckf myv~`fi mj `v `k vd`rf nmykvr`i~?
rifyn`kl jr`nv`mk~ ckf vrck~cnv`mk nm~v `k vdi Iyrmxick inmkmep! ~ynd c~ cfe`k`~vrcv`zi byrfik+
\diri cxxrmxr`cvi! `v jcn`a`vcvi~ vdi cfgy~veikv xrmni~~ mj fina`k`kl `kfy~vr`i~ mr `kfy~vr`i~ itxm~if vm ~mn`caap
ykcnnixvcbap d`ld cfgy~veikv xri~~yri+
@v `~ ca~m `exmrvckv vm bi naicr |dcv IY `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np `~ KMV7
@v `~ kmv cbmyv cf%dmn `kvirzikv`mk! x`no`kl |`kkir~ mr bc`a`kl myv am~ir~! mr ~`e`acr nmknixv~+
@v `~ kmv cbmyv emri rilyacv`mk mr emri ~vcvi c`f+
@k~vicf `v `~ cbmyv ai~~ byv bivvir rilyacv`mk ckf cbmyv ai~~ byv bivvir jmny~~if ~vcvi c`f! ivn+
@k 2889! vdi Nmee`~~`mk ~iv myv jmr vdi j`r~v v`ei c ~m%ncaaif `kvilrcvif cxxrmcnd mj `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~
xma`np bc~if mk c nmeb`kcv`mk mj nrm~~%~invmrca $dmr`wmkvca ckf ~invmr%~xin`j`n `k`v`cv`zi~+
Vdi e`f%vire riz`i| `k 288< ri~vcvi~ vdi xm~`v`mk vdcv vdi ec`k rmai mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `k vdi IY `~ vm xrmz`fi
vdi r`ldv jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr ikvirxr`~i~ ckf vm ecoi vdi IY ck cvvrcnv`zi xacni jmr `kfy~vr`ca fiziamxeikv
ckf gmb nricv`mk+
^myrni7 FL Ikvirxr`~i |ib~`vi
Ykjmrvykcviap! vdiri `~ km naicr ck~|ir vm vdi syi~v`mk mj |dcv xma`np cric~! ckf nmrri~xmkf`kl
xma`np `k~vryeikv~! jcaa |`vd`k vdi ~nmxi mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf |d`nd fm kmv+ Mk vdi mki dckf! c
brmcf $nmexridik~`zi) `kvirxrivcv`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np nck bi ecfi vdcv |myaf ~yb~yei
`k~vryeikv~ ckf eic~yri~ jrme cnrm~~ c |`fi rckli mj xma`np j`iaf~ |`vd`k vdi ~nmxi mj `kfy~vr`ca
xma`np+ Vdy~ c brmcfap fij`kif `kfy~vr`ca xma`np nck bi z`i|if c~ ck cecalce mj mziracxx`kl
xma`np cric~ rcvdir vdck c f`~v`knv ckf bmykfif xma`np j`iaf+ C rinikv itcexai mj vd`~ cxxrmcnd nck
bi ~iik `k vdi Iyrmxick Nmykn`a Nmknay~`mk~ mk vdi kiif jmr c ki| `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! |d`nd
d`lda`ldvif `kvir ca`c vdi xr`mr`vp jmr `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vm7
nmkvr`byvi vm ri~xmkf`kl vm vdi mxxmrvyk`v`i~ ckf ndcaaikli~ mj lambca`~cv`mk bp nmeb`k`kl caa
xm~~`bai `k~vryeikv~ ckf eic~yri~ mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np $`knayf`kl jmr itcexai vdm~i mj vdi `kvirkca
ecroiv! nmexiv`v`mk! ~o`aa~ ckf ril`mkca xma`np! vrcfi ckf `kzi~veikv! ~vckfcrf~ ckf rilyacvmrp
nmkzirlikni22
Mk vdi mvdir dckf! |i nck ca~m mb~irzi c ~mei|dcv kcrrm|ir $ri~vr`nv`zi) fij`k`v`mk mj vdi ~nmxi
mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np |d`nd `~ emri nam~iap ca`lkif vm `k~v`vyv`mkca nmexivikni~ ckf eckfcvi~!
~xin`j`ncaap vdm~i mj vdi riaizckv cfe`k`~vrcv`mk$~) ri~xmk~`bai jmr xma`n`i~ f`rinvif ~xin`j`ncaap
vm|crf~ `kfy~vrp $`+i+ FL Ikvirxr`~i ckf @kfy~vrp)+ @k vd`~ ~`vycv`mk! `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vcoi~ mk
22Nmykn`a nmknay~`mk~ mk vdi kiif jmr c ki| `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! 2000vd Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Nmykn`a eiiv`kl Bry~~ia~! 3 Ecrnd
2838! :>03-38
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
34/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >9
emri mj c ri~`fyca ndcrcnvir! `k vdi ~ik~i vdcv vdi vire `~ y~if vm rijir vm vdm~i xma`np cric~ ckf
nmrri~xmkf`kl eic~yri~ ckf `k~vryeikv~ vdcv jcaa myv~`fi vdi ri~xmk~`b`a`vp mj kmk%`kfy~vrp
cfe`k`~vrcv`mk~+
Vm ~mei itvikv vdi f`ndmvmep biv|iik c nmexridik~`zi ckf emri ri~vr`nvif fi~nr`xv`mk mj
`kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ vricvif |`vd`k vdi IY nmkvitv vdrmyld vdi c~~mn`cv`mk mj c nmexiv`v`ziki~~
xr`kn`xai |`vd xma`np `k`v`cv`zi~ vdcv xmvikv`caap nyv cnrm~~ cfe`k`~vrcv`zi ri~xmk~`b`a`v`i~+ Vd`~ `~
iz`fikv! jmr itcexai! `j |i ammo cv vdi fi~nr`xv`mk mj o`kf~ mj dmr`wmkvca eic~yri~ vcoik `k ~yxxmrv
mj vdi ri%acykndif A`~bmk Clikfc ckf xrmemvif ykfir vdi dicf`kl mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np2>
+ Mk vdi
mki dckf! |i j`kf ~xin`j`n k`v`cv`zi~ vdcv ~iie vm jcaa emri mbz`my~ap |`vd`k c riacv`ziap ri~vr`nv`zi
~nmxi mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np? jmr itcexai `k vdi cric~ ~ynd c~7 @XR ckf nmykvirji`v`kl! ail`~acv`zi ckf
rilyacvmrp ~`exa`j`ncv`mk! `exrmz`kl ~invmrca ~o`aa~! `kfy~vr ca ri~icrnd ckf `kkmzcv`mk! ivn+ Mk vdi
mvdir dckf! brmcfir vdieif `k`v`cv`zi~ vdcv nyv cnrm~~ xma`np cric~ cri acbiaaif mr naicrap
fi~nr`bif |`vd rilcrf vm vdi`r nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ndcrcnvir`~v`n~? jmr itcexai7 nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf
ecroiv cnni~~ $vrcfi xma`np)! nmexiv`v`ziki~~! ikirlp ckf ikz`rmkeikv $ikirlp ckf
ikz`rmkeikvca xma`n`i~)! ~vrynvyrca cfgy~veikv `k eckyjcnvyr`kl $ril`mkca ckf nmdi~`mk xma`n`i~
$~vrynvyrca jykf~))! cnni~~ vm rc| ecvir`ca~ $vrcfi! ikirlp ckf ikz`rmkeikvca xma`n`i~) ivn+
I~~ikv`caap! vd`~ acvvir lrmyx mj `k`v`cv`zi~ rijainv~ vdi `knay~`mk mj vdi izcaycv`mk mj vdi
nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ijjinv~ mj mvdir xma`n`i~ $`+i+ c nmexiv`v`ziki~~ vi~v) |`vd`k vdi ~nmxi mj
`kfy~vr`ca xma`np+
Jmaam|`kl jrme vdi cbmzi! ckf frc|`kl mk Xiaoeck~ $288:)26
J`lyri 8+3
|dm xrmz`fi~ ck myva`ki
nac~~`j`ncv`mk mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf mvdir xma`np eic~yri~ vdcv cjjinv `kfy~vrp! vdi jmaam|`kl
vctmkmep ecp bi y~if vm ncvilmr`~i riaizckv xma`np eic~yri~ $~ii )7
Xma`n`i~ kmv jmr kfy~vrp byv vdcv cjjinv `kfy~vrp+ Vdi~i nmzir7
% Brmcf inmkme`n ckf ~mn`ca xma`np ~ynd c~ ecnrminmkme`n ~vcb`a`vp |`vd j`~nca ckf
emkivcrp `k~vryeikv~? ri%f`~vr`byv`mkca vmma~? vct xma`np ivn+
% Xma`n`i~ jmr kmk kfy~vrp ~invmr~ ~ynd c~ clr`nyavyri! ikirlp! ~irz`ni~! ivn+
Xma`n`i~ kmv mkap jmr `kfy~vrp $`+i+ xma`n`i~ |d`nd f`rinvap diax mr nmk~vrc`k `kfy~vrp byv cri
kmv eickv $mkap) jmr `kfy~vrp) ~ynd c~ xr`ni nmkvrma~! byp%kcv`mkca ncexc`lk~! v`if
fiziamxeikv c`f! mr ikz`rmkeikvca xma`n`i~ cffri~~`kl ~xin`j`n dcwcrf~ ~ynd c~ xm`~mkmy~
ndie`nca~+
Xma`n`i~ jmr `kfy~vrp `k c brmcf ~ik~i $`+i+ |`fi nmknixv mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np) vdcv cri
nmexm~if mj vdrii ec`k bamno~7
Jrcei|mro c~xinv~ vdcv fivire`ki mr ~vrmklap `kjayikni vdi likirca ikz`rmkeikv `k
|d`nd ikvirxr`~i~ ykfirvcoi vdi`r by~`ki~~+ @v `~ kmv ricaap xm~~`bai vm xrmz`fi c xrin`~i
fij`k`v`mk mj vdi ~nmxi mj jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~! byv c kyebir mj ~yb%vdiei~-cric~
mjvik `kvirriacvif ckf kmv eyvycaap itnay~`zi nck bi f`~nirkif7
% Ecroiv jyknv`mk kl $nmexiv`v`mk)7nmzir`kl xma`n`i~ vpx`ncaap rilyacvmrp `k kcvyri
vdcv lmzirk vdi ryai~ mj vdi lcei ykfir |d`nd ikvirxr`~i~ nmexivi |`vd icnd
mvdir+ Em~v mbz`my~ap vd`~ |myaf `knayfi nmexiv`v`mk xma`np byv ecp bi itvikfif vm
`knayfi! jmr itcexai! ryai~ lmzirk`kl vdi xrmz`~`mk mj xcrv`nyacr ~irz`ni~ $i+l+
2> ^ii NME$28896
8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri
35/98
Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >:
kiv|mro ~irz`ni~) ckf xrmfynv~! ~vcvi c`f xrmz`~`mk~! ckf ca~m ecp `knayfi xma`n`i~
jmr nmexiv`v`zi $mxik) xyba`n xrmnyrieikv ~p~vie~+
% Ecroiv ~nmxi ckf `kvilrcv`mk7nmzir`kl xma`n`i~ mjvik rilyacvmrp `k kcvyri vdcv
~dcxi vdi xmvikv`ca ~nmxi ckf itvikv mj `kvilrcv`mk mj $`kvirkcv`mkca) ecroiv~+ Vd`~
|myaf `knayfi `kvirkcv`mkca vrcfi xma`np $i+l+ itvirkca ecroiv cnni~~) ckf!
~xin`j`ncaap `k ck IY nmkvitv! @kvirkca Ecroiv xma`np $i+l+ xma`n`i~ c`eif cv
fiixik`kl ckf ~vriklvdik`kl `kvilrcv`mk mj vdi @kvirkca Ecroiv)+ @v ecp ca~m `knayfi
nmk~yeir-ecroiv xma`n`i~ mr xrmfynv%bc~if xma`n`i~ vdcv `kjayikni nmkf`v`mk~ `k j`kca
ecroiv~ jmr lmmf~ $ckf ~irz`ni~) xrmfynif bp `kfy~vrp+
% By~`ki~~ xrmni~~i~ ckf cfe`k`~vrcv`mk7nmzir`kl xma`n`i~vdcv `kjayikni vdi kcvyri
ckf nm~v~ mj by~`ki~~ xrmni~~i~+ Vd`~ |myaf `knayfi! jmr itcexai by~`ki~~
cfe`k`~vrcv`mk risy`rieikv~! ckf xma`n`i~ ~ynd c~ bivvir rilyacv`mk ijjmrv~ c`eif cv
~`exa`jp`kl ckf `exrmz`kl vdi rilyacvmrp ikz`rmkeikv ckf rifyn`kl cfe`k`~vrcv`zi
byrfik mk ikvirxr`~i~+ @v ecp ca~m bi itvikfif vm nmzir xma`n`i~ vdcv `kjayikni
~xin`j`n cnv`z`v`i~ $i+l+ ri~icrnd! vindkmamlp fiziamxeikv ckf `kkmzcv`mk) ckf
xrmni~~i~ $i+l+ ikz`rmkeikv mr ikirlp ijj`n`iknp risy`rieikv~ jmr xrmfynv`mk
xrmni~~i~) |`vd`k ikvirxr`~i~! mr vdcv `kjayikni kvirriacv`mk~d`x~ biv|iik ikvirxr`~i~
ckf ~invmr~ $i+l+ nay~vir xma`n`i~! `kfy~vr`ca nmmxircv`mk! ivn+)+
% By~`ki~~ `kxyv~ ckf `kjrc~vrynvyri! nmzir`kl xma`n`i~ vdcv `kjayikni vdi czc`acb`a`vp
ckf syca`vp mj `kxyv~ y~if bp `kfy~vrp+ Em~v mbz`my~ap vd`~ |myaf `knayfi xma`np
riacvif vm acbmyr $i+l+ ifyncv`mk ckf vrc`k`kl xma`n`i~) byv nck ca~m bi itvikfif vm
mvdir `kxyv~ ~ynd c~ ikirlp mr j`kckni+ Emri brmcfap! `v nmyaf bi itvikfif vm|crf~
xma`n`i~ f`rinvif cv ikdckn`kl vdi xdp~`nca $i+l+ by`av `kjrc~vrynvyri) ckf kiv|mro
$i+l+ viainmeeyk`ncv`mk~) ikz`rmkeikv29
Dmr`wmkvca `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! |d`nd cri vpx`ncaap fij`kif c~ ~ynd bincy~i mj vdi`r nrm~~%
nyvv`kl kcvyri byv |i nck ca~m ~ii vdie c~ nmexaieikvcrp xma`n`i~ ec`kap kmk%
rilyacvmrp `k kcvyri vdcv cri c`eif cv c~~`~v`kl ikvirxr`~i~ vm `exrmzi vdi`r
xirjmreckni-nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ Cv ck IY%aizia vdi~i nmzir c kyebir mj vdiei~ mjvik
nam~iap `kvira`koif ~ynd c~ okm|aifli ckf `kkmzcv`mk! dyeck ncx`vca ckf ~o`aa~!
ikvrixrikiyr~d`x ckf ^EI fiziamxeikv! bivvir rilyacv`mk ivn+?
+
^invmrca `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! |d`nd nmk~`~v mj xma`n`i~ vdcv ~iio vm cffri~~ ~invmr%~xin`j`n
f`eik~`mk~ mj vdi jrcei|mro ckf dmr`wmkvca c~xinv~ fi~nr`bif cbmzi! mr mvdir ~invmr%
mr`ikvcvif xma`n`i~ c`eif cv cffri~~`kl ~xin`j`n ~invmr%aizia ecroiv jc`ayri~+
@v `~ `exmrvckv vm rinmlk`~i! dm|izir! vdcv |`vd`k vd`~ vctmkmep vdi bmykfcr`i~ biv|iik vdi xma`np
ncvilmr`i~ k xcrv`nyacr ykfir vdi dicf`kl mj xma`n`i~ jmr kfy~vrp cri kmv ca|cp~ |iaa fij`kif?
jmr itcexai bmykfcr`i~ biv|iik jrcei|mro ckf dmr`wmkvca xma`np cric~ nck mjvik ~iie rcvdir
jay`f! ckf ~yxxm~ifap dmr`wmkvca eic~yri~ nck sy`vi iz`fikvap dczi c zirp ~vrmkl ~invmrca
f`eik~`mk+ Kmkivdiai~~! vd`~ vctmkmep ca~m nck bi y~if vm `kf`ncvi vdi ec`k vpxi~ mj `kvirzikv`mk~
vm bi vcoik bp xma`np%ecoir~ `k ~yxxmrv mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np7
j`r~v! vm `kjayikni mvdir xma`n`i~ cjjinv`kl vdi zcr`my~ jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr ikvirxr`~i~ `k
~ynd c |cp vdcv vdi`r xmvikv`ca xm~`v`zi nmkvr`byv`mk vm kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ~ ect`e`~if
29 Nmdi~`mk xma`np $mr ril`mkca xma`np emri likircaap ecp ca~m bi `knayfif |`vd`k vd`~ ncvilmrp ~`kni `v xr`ecr`ap mxircvi~
vdrmyld eic~yri~ f`rinvif vm|crf~ `exrmzieikv~ `k ~mjv $kiv|mro~ ckf rmcf~-br`fli~-vykkia~ ckf dcrf $dyeck ncx`vca!
vindk`nca ~ndmma~! rivrc`k`kl jcn`a`v`i~! cfe`k`~vrcv`zi ncxcn`vp `kjrc~vrynvyri+
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Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >4
Bmt 3+6 Vdi rmai mj IY ckf Eiebir ^vcvi~ jmr `kfy~vr`ca xma`np
Rmai mj IY ckf Eiebir ^vcvi~
`kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ bc~if mk c xcrvkir~d`x biv|iik vdi IY ckf Eiebir ~vcvi~+ ^izirca `kfy~vr`ca xma`np
ndcaaikli~ kiif vm bi cffri~~if cv vdi Iyrmxick aizia! ~`kni `kf`z`fyca Eiebir ~vcvi~ cnv`kl `k `~macv`mk
nckkmv ~ynniif `k vcnoa`kl `~~yi~ ~ynd c~ ecgmr nmexiv`v`mk nc~i~! vdi rilyacv`mk mj vdi ~`klai ecroiv! mr
~mn`ca ckf inmkme`n nmdi~`mk+ Dm|izir! Eiebir ~vcvi~ ca~m dczi ri~xmk~`b`a`v`i~ jmr eckp iaieikv~ mj
`kfy~vr`ca xma`n`i~
^myrni7 NME$2889) 6
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Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >0
J`lyri 8+3 @kfy~vr`ca xma`np nac~~`j`ncv`mk ckf riacv`mk biv|iik IY ckf kcv`mkca xm|ir~
^myrni7 cfcxvif jrme Xiaoeck~ $288:)
Xma`n`i~$~meidm|)cjjinv`kl`kfy~vrp
Xma`n`i~KMVjmr`kfy~vrp
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Ikirlp
Vrck~xmrv
Nmeeyk`ncv`mk~
^irz`ni~
+++
Kmk%`kfy~vr`caxma`npeic~yri~f`rinvap
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+++
@KFY^VR@CAXMA@NP
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Dmr`wmkvca`kfy~vr`caxma`np
^invmrca`kfy~vr`caxma`np
@kvirkcaEcroiv
Nmexiv`v`mkxma`np
Nmdi~`mk-ril`mkcaxma`np
^vcvim|kir~d`x
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Nmexiv`v`ziki~~vi~vjmrmvdir
xma`n`i~
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^invmrcaxma`n`i~
^invmrca`kvirzikv`mk~
Nay~virxma`n`i~-`k`v`cv`zi~
Vrcfixma`np%~invmr~xin`j`n
c~xinv~
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~invmr~xin`j`nc~xinv~
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Nmk~yeirxma`np-ecroiv~
Ecnrminmkme`n
Vct-j`~ncaxma`np
Rif`~vr`byv`mkca
@kfy~vr`cariacv`mk~-|cli~
@kjrc~vrynvyri
Ackfy~i
+++
Brmcfinmkme`nckf~mn`caxma`n`i~
Vrcfi$ckf`kzi~veikv)xma`np
IYxm|ir~
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Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 68
J`lyri 8+2 FL Ikvirxr`~i ec`k `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `k`v`cv`zi~ ~`kni 2889
^INVMR^
EC@K
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ckf dmr`wmkvca xma`np eic~yri~ jmr caa by~`ki~~ ~invmr~ $`+i+ `kfy~vrp ckf ~irz`ni~ nmeb`kif)+ Vdi
kiif vm cffri~~ ~invmr ~xin`j`n c~xinv~ nmyaf vdik bi cffri~~if bp cfmxv`kl ck itvikfif cxxrmcnd
vm ~invmr%~xin`j`n xma`np eic~yri~! mxircv`kl i`vdir f`rinvap cv aizia mj ~xin`j`n `kfy~vrp ckf ~irz`ni
~invmr~ mr `k c v|m%~vix xrmni~~ f`~v`kly`~d`kl j`r~v biv|iik `kfy~vrp ckf ~irz`ni~ ckf vdik
~inmkfap biv|iik `kf`z`fyca ~invmr~ |`vd`k vdi~i v|m lrmyx~+
Izik `j ck `kfy~vrp%mr`ikvcvif xir~xinv`zi `~ rivc`kif! mki nck syi~v`mk vdi y~ijyaki~~ mj ck
`kfy~vr`ca xma`np vdcv jc`a~ vm cfisycviap ncxvyri vdi nam~i `kvir%a`kocli~ biv|iik `kfy~vrp ckf
~irz`ni~+ C kyebir mj a`ki~ mj ric~mk`kl ecp bi xyv jmr|crf c~ vm |dp c nam~ir nmkkinv`mk
biv|iik xma`np jmr `kfy~vrp ckf xma`np jmr ~irz`ni~ `~ aml`nca ckf ecp bi bikij`n`ca
>2
C ~yb~vckv`ca nmexmkikv mj vdi lrm|vd mj vdi $ecroiv) ~irz`ni~ ~invmr `~ cvvr`byvcbai vm vdi
myv~myrn`kl mj ~irz`ni~ cnv`z`v`i~ xriz`my~ap ykfirvcoi |`vd`k `kfy~vrp vm ~xin`ca`~if ~irz`ni
xrmz`fir~+ Vd`~ eick~ vdcv eckp ~irz`ni cnv`z`v`i~ vdcv xriz`my~ap nmyaf dczi biik ncxvyrif
|`vd`k vdi ~nmxi mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! ckf vdcv kmkivdiai~~ riec`k `exmrvckv jmr vdi mzircaa
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7
>3@k vd`~ nmkvitv! `v `~ rcvdir f`jj`nyav vm ~ii vdi aml`n mj lrmyx`kl vmlivdir `kfy~vr`ca ckf ikvirxr`~i xma`np dm|izir fij`kif
|`vd`k mki IY F`rinvmrcvi $`+i+ FL Ikvirxr`~i ckf @kfy~vrp |d`ai vdi cxxcrikv ri~xmk~`b`a`vp jmr ~irz`ni~! |d`nd ecoi yx
vdi zc~v ecgmr`vp mj ikvirxr`~i~! ri~v~ |`vd ckmvdir F`rinvmrcvi $`+i+ FL @kvirkca Ecroiv ckf ^irz`ni~! xcrv`nyacrap |dik vdi
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j`kckn`ca ecroiv~ |`vd`k vdi @kvirkca Ecroiv+
>2 ^ii! jmr itcexai! INMRP^ $2884 ^vyfp mk @kfy~vr`ca Xma`np ckf ^irz`ni~ ykfirvcoik jmr FL Ikvirxr`~i ckf @kfy~vrp ckf
czc`acbai cv7
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Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 6>
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riacvif ~irz`ni xrmz`fi `kxyv~ vdcv nck ecoi c nr`v`nca nmkvr`byv`mk vm vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj
`kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~+ Vdy~! `k vyrk! vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj vdi ~irz`ni ~invmr~ fia`zir`kl `kxyv~ vm
`kfy~vrp binmei~ c nryn`ca xcrv mj vdi mzircaa jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr `kfy~vrp+
Eckp ~irz`ni cnv`z`v`i~ cri ykfirvcoik |`vd`k `kfy~vrp $eckyjcnvyr`kl) ckf c acrli xrmxmrv`mk
mj vdi |mrojmrni `k eckyjcnvyr`kl j`re~ nck bi iklclif `k ~irz`ni cnv`z`v`i~+ Jmr eckp
`kfy~vr`i~ $i`vdir cv ikvirxr`~i mr ~invmr%aizia)! |d`ai ~v`aa fij`kif mk vdi bc~`~ mj vdi xrmfynv~
$lmmf~) vdcv vdip ~yxxap! fir`zi c ~`lk`j`nckv xcrv mj vdi`r nmexiv`v`ziki~~ i`vdir jrme `kvirkca
~irz`ni~ cnv`z`v`i~ vdcv f`rinvap mr `kf`rinvap cri `kvilrcvif `k vdi`r xrmfynv~! mr jrme vdi
fia`zirp mj ~irz`ni~ vdcv cnnmexckp vdi lmmf~ vdcv vdip xrmz`fi+
C~ ck itvik~`mk mj vdi xrinif`kl xm`kv! |i nck |`vki~