5. 5.1 Two-Gap Approach
- ( Mckinnon, Chenery & Strout)
. (, , , , ) .
, 1946 1961 75% .
Two-Gap Approach
5-2.
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(transfer) .
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2.
1.1
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Theodore W. Schultz, 1902-1998
T.W.Schultz shared the Nobel Memorial prize in 1979 with W.A.Lewis.
Theodore W. Schultz
2 ()
Schultz : . ( ) ( ) , .
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1.3
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.
.
(Green Revolution) .
1.4 (Johnston & Mellor) (1) . .
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(3) .
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1.6
= (upward shift)
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2.1
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(I)
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(II)
2.4
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--
2.5
1) : (On the Job Training: OJT) () . , . . 2) : , , . , .
3.
: , . , - , .
3.1 (Export-Oriented Industrialization): Bela Balassa . ( ).
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3.2 :
,
3.3 (Anne Krueger)
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: , ?
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4.
, () . .
, .
(Directly Unproductive Profit-seeking DUP) .
4.1 Rent-Seeking (Anne Krueger)
: , . , ( ) , .
: , (), (), , .
Rent-Seeking
4.2 Rent-Seeking (Anne Krueger)
1) . . , .
2) .
3) .
4) . Rent-Seeking
4.3 Directly Unproductive Profit-Seeking ( (DUP) : J.N. Bhagwati)
1) : .DUP ( ) . , .
2) : ( ) , , , .
3) : , DUP , . DUP
41 () Theodore W. Schultz () (Johnston & Mellor)
(Johnston & Mellor)
1.4 (Johnston & Mellor)
3 (Johnston & Mellor) - (I) (II)
(Anne Krueger) (Krueger ) : Rent-Seeking (Anne Krueger)
Rent-Seeking (Anne Krueger)
Directly Unproductive Profit-Seeking