Page 1 Water Technologies
©2011 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. All rights reserved.
Walnut Shell Filter Reuse PotentialWalnut Shell Filter Reuse Potential
Mike HowdeshellMike HowdeshellChris CatalanottoChris CatalanottoEric LorgeEric Lorge
Page 2 Water Technologies
©2011 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. All rights reserved.
Introduction / Content
ContentsIntroductionWalnut Shell Filter BasicsOff-Shore Pilot TestOn-Shore Pilot TestConclusion
Page 3 Water Technologies
©2011 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. All rights reserved.
• Vertical vessel designed with 48 –66 inch bed depth of walnut shell
• Utilizes adsorption technology for oil coalescing
• Backwash technologies to regenerate
• Available for on-shore or off-shore application
What is the Walnut Shell Filter
Page 4 Water Technologies
©2011 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. All rights reserved.
How Do They Work?
• Continuous pressurized bed• Bed cycle based on time or pressure• Media is recharged using backwash • Oil is coalesced not adsorbed• Used to remove SS and free oil• Walnut shell media have equal affinity for water and oil• Very low attrition rate
Page 5 Water Technologies
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Typical Walnut Shell Filter Media
The Black Walnut Shell• Excellent surface characteristics for
• Coalescence• Filtration • High “modulus of elasticity”• Chemical free oil separation
Page 6 Water Technologies
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Oil Coated Nut Shells
Page 7 Water Technologies
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Advantages of a Vertical Design
Constant flux during forward flow throughout entire bed. Even bed fluidization during cleaning cycle - low chances of stagnation – ensures longer filter run times and overall media longevity.
Full depth capture of oil and particulates. Minimum chance for suspended solids to break through to downstream units.
Page 8 Water Technologies
©2011 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. All rights reserved.
Points to Consider
• 5% loss of shells per year.
• Oil is not absorbed by the shells, but attached.
• Backwash is typically performed every 24 hours, unless bed becomes fouled with TSS.
• Typically 20 minute backwash cycle
• Media need to be washed prior to placing them in service.
• Typical Loading rate = 13.5 GPM/ft2
• Maximum Oil loading = 100 PPM oil and 100 PPM TSS, expect 90% to 95% removal efficiency.
Page 9 Water Technologies
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Typical Process Restrictions/Advantages
• 100 PPM inlet free oil • 100 PPM inlet TSS• 13.5 GPM/ft2 (33 m3/hour/m2) typical flux rate • 95% removal > 2 micron • 98% removal > 5 micron • <5 PPM free oil/TSS in effluent• Fully automatic backwash system• Thirty (30) minutes off line • 1% of throughput to waste• Backwash with raw inlet water • No interruption of feed• No chemicals
Page 10 Water Technologies
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Produced Water Treatment
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Pilot Testing – BP Valhall Platform
Objectives Prove walnut shell media can handle North Sea
produced water Test efficiency of system Suitable for off-shore?
Stavanger
Bergen
Oslo
BP Valhall
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Backwash Procedure Used in Test
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Pilot Study Results from the North Sea
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Results from Pilot Testing –Inlet and Effluent Oil Concentrations
45
50
55
60
65
70
8/21/2008 8/22/2008 8/23/2008 8/24/2008 8/25/2008 8/26/2008
Inle
t oil
(ppm
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Effl
uent
oil
(ppm
)
Page 15 Water Technologies
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Monosep™ High-flow WSF
Page 16 Water Technologies
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Pilot Unit Characteristics
2 vessels
1300 lbs. black walnut shells
Flow Range – 42 to 168 gpm
Flux Range – 13.5 to 27 gpm/ft2
Backwash Waste: 300 – 420 gallons
Gas Requirements/Usage: 90 – 250 SCF total usage
Page 17 Water Technologies
©2011 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. All rights reserved.
Pilot Site Information
Located in Western US
Treatment of produced water from oil field
Oil field production is a mixture of 98% water and 2% oil
Producing rate ~50 bpd oil (2500 bpd produced water)
Treatment Equipment – Gravity separation, VOC/H2S stripping, WSF, carbon
Pilot duration from Tuesday, April 27, 2010 through July 9, 2010
Page 18 Water Technologies
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Pilot Flow – Typical Produced Water Treatment
Typical WSF applications:• Oil and Grease influent concentrations ~ 50 ppm
• Total Suspended Solids (TSS) influent concentration ~ 10 ppm
Primary SeparationPrimary Separation- Gravity Separation
Secondary SeparationSecondary Separation- Dissolved Air/Gas Flotation- (not used at Western US site)
Tertiary SeparationTertiary Separation- Walnut Shell Filter - Carbon
Page 19 Water Technologies
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Pilot Study Objectives
Test the recovery capabilities of the internalized backwash
Internalized backwash system with no moving parts Increasing the flux rate from 13.5 gpm/ft2 to 20.25
gpm/ft2 Not enough flow to test 27 gpm/ft2
Particle size range removal efficiency Water suitable for recycle – carbon/RO treatment
Page 20 Water Technologies
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Overall Oil Removal - Flux Rate 13.5 gpm/ft2
Influent and Effluent Oil Concentration (13.5 gpm/ft2)Samples Analyzed by EPA Method 1664A
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
5/10/10 19:12 5/11/10 19:12 5/12/10 19:12 5/13/10 19:12 5/14/10 19:12 5/15/10 19:12 5/16/10 19:12 5/17/10 19:12
Date & Time
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/L)
Lab Inlet Total O&G (HEM)
Lab Outlet Total O&G (HEM)
Confidential Informat ion© 2010 Siemens Water Technol ogies Corp.
Detection Limit - 1.40 mg/L
Page 21 Water Technologies
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Overall Oil Removal - Flux Rate 20.25 gpm/ft2
Influent and Effluent Oil Concentration (20.25 gpm/ft2)Samples Analyzed by EPA Method 1664A
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
5/18/10 22:48 5/23/ 10 22:48 5/28/10 22:48 6/2/10 22:48 6/7/10 22:48 6/12/10 22:48 6/17/10 22:48 6/22/10 22:48 6/27/10 22:48
Date & Time
Conc
entra
tion
(mg/
L)
Lab Inlet Total O&G (HEM)
Lab Outlet Total O&G (HEM)
Confidential Information© 2010 Siemens Water Technologies Corp.
Detection Limit - 1.4 mg/L
Page 22 Water Technologies
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Overall TSS Removal - Flux Rate 13.5 gpm/ft2
Influent and Effluent Total Suspended Solids Concentration (13.5 gpm/ft2)Samples Analyzed by Standard Methods 2540D
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
5/10/10 19:12 5/11/10 19:12 5/12/10 19:12 5/13/10 19:12 5/14 /10 19:12 5/15/10 19:12 5/16/10 19:12 5/17/10 19:12
Date & Time
Con
cen
trat
ion
(mg/
L)
Influent TSS
Effluent TSS
Conf idential I nformation© 2010 Siem ens Water T echnol ogies Corp.
Detection Limit - 1.12 mg/L
Page 23 Water Technologies
©2011 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. All rights reserved.
Overall TSS Removal - Flux Rate 20.25 gpm/ft2
Influent and Effluent Total Suspended Solids Concentration (20.25 gpm/ft2)Samples Analyzed by Standard Methods 2540D
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
5/18/1022:48
5/23/1022:48
5/28/1022:48
6/2/1022:48
6/7/1022:48
6/12/1022:48
6/17/1022:48
6/22/1022:48
6/27/1022:48
Date & Time
Conc
entra
tion
(mg/
L)
Influent TSS Effluent TSS
Co nfide nt ial Info rmati on© 2 010 Si eme ns Water Technol ogies Corp.
Detection Limit - 1.06 mg/L
Page 24 Water Technologies
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Particle Size Comparisons – 13.5 gpm/ft2
Influent vs Effluent Total Particle Comparison - 5/14/10*Total Particle Count in Influent: 280,572
Total Particle Count in Effluent: 460Flux Rate: 13.5 gpm/ft2
100.0%100.0%
100.0%100.0%
99.9% 99.9%
99.2%100.0%
100.0%
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
0-2 3-5 6-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60
Size, microns
Num
ber
of P
artic
les
Influent Effluent #'s Above = % Removal*50 minute analysis Confident ial Inf ormat ion© 2010 Siemens Water Technologies Corp.
Page 25 Water Technologies
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Particle Size Comparisons – 20.25 gpm/ft2
Page 26 Water Technologies
©2011 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. All rights reserved.
Influent vs Effluent Total Particle Comparison - 5/14/10*Total Particle Count in Influent: 280,572
Total Particle Count in Effluent: 460Flux Rate: 13.5 gpm/ft
2
100.0%100.0%
100.0%100.0%
99.9% 99.9%
99.2%100.0%
100.0%
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
0-2 3-5 6-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60
Size, microns
Num
ber o
f Par
ticle
s
Influent Effluent #'s Above = % Removal*50 minute analysis Confidential Inf ormation© 2010 S iemens W ater Technologies Co rp.
Overall Particle Comparisons
• All particles greater than 20 microns were removed
•At 13.5 gpm/ft2 greater than 99% of particles were removed
•At 20.25 gpm/ft2 greater than 95% of particles were removed
Page 27 Water Technologies
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Conclusions
1. Reliable – treated produced water at the pilot sites.
2. Robust – During US pilot, WSF encountered significant variation in influent concentrations of oil and solids, the pilot unit was able to recover from the encountered upset conditions.
3. On several occasions during the pilot study, the backwash systemwas able to recover from upset conditions (>200 ppm oil)
4. BETX compounds were not removed by the WSF at this site.
5. 100% of particles > 20 microns were removed.
6. >96% of particles smaller than 20 microns were removed.
7. Reuse – Water sent to carbon to create RO feed quality water
Page 28 Water Technologies
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Questions???