Sources of Waste
PRESENTED BY ME
What is waste?
• -Any material that is discarded and is no longer useful or any remains at the
end of a process
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Kinds of Wastes-
Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial wastes
Examples: plastics, containers, bottles,
cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash
Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing
industries and other sources
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Sources of Wastes
Households
Commerce and
Industry
Chemicals
Radio-active
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Sources of Wastes
Agriculture
Fisheries
• Sludge refers to the residual, semi-solid material left from industrial wastewater, or sewage treatment processes.
• a hillock of waste matter from coal mining, etc: slag heap• are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable
fraction from the uneconomic fraction(tailing)• A slurry is a thin sloppy mud or cement
Water - Impurities
Air - CO, CO2, SO2,
dust, etc.,
Land - Waste from Agriculture , sewage, etc., Food - Adulterants
Disposed plastics
• The pneumonic plaque that broke out in November 1994 in India is a typical example of solid waste mismanagement.
Non-degradable or persistent in nature;
Biologically modified;Highly toxic and even lethal at low concentration;Create danger to the living
community, immediately or over a period of time
& are hazardous
Effect of Waste
Domestic waste
Wastes generated due to domestic activities
Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather, wood, glass, metals, ashes, .bottles ,cotton, rags or any kitchen waste
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Examples:• Chemicals, paints , sand
paper or any industrial by-products
.Sulphur dioxide ,nitrogen dioxide emissions cause health hazards
These are waste from various industries (small or large scale)
These waste are considered useless during a manufacturing process
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Source
Some mining process . Large volumes of chemicals and liquids. Leaching of metals add metal content into rivers ground water etc
Waste generated during mining & excavation operations. These are toxic & hazardous
Mining
Dust emitted is a health hazard
Produce coarse and fine particles
cement
Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, pipes, rubble, bricks etc.
Sulphur compounds &hydro carbons
Waste generation due to demolition of buildings.
waste generated from petrochemical plant & refineries
Construction and Demolition
Oil refineries
Different industries and waste products
Chemical wastes• Extensive use of chemicals for
industrial and agricultural purposes .• Detergents, Fertilizers, Toxic metals
in industrial waste and Soil based technology are the main source.
• Cadmium, Mercury, Chromium, lead, Arsenic and Barium are some of the toxic pollutants
Types of solid wastes The three general types are Municipal or urban wastes
Industrial wastes
Hazardous wastes
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Municipal waste
Bio-degradable
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)
Non-biodegradable
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,
cans, containers and others)
Agricultural waste
Field residue
• Materials left in an agricultural field after the crops are harvested
• Examples• Wheat,barley stalks from
corn etc
Process residue
• Materials left after the crops are being processed into some useful products.
• Examples• Bagasse : left over after
the cane is crushed , molasses, seeds
Bio medical waste
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
• treatment • diagnosis ( process of
attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder) or
• immunization( process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine)
Bio-medical wastes include
• Needles , syringes , pathological wastes ( blood , body fluids ,body parts etc)
• Waste form surgery or autopsy (An autopsy—also known as a postmortem examination)
• Discarded medical instruments
Why great care should be taken while disposing bio- medical waste?
• If the bio-medical wastes are not properly managed and disposed off, they can lead to further spread of the diseases.
• The disease risk from these wastes increases also the risks of chemical pollution increases.
PRECAUTIONS:
• • All the disposable items
other than waste sharps(device used to puncture the skin), saline bottles, I-V (intra venous) fluid bottles(used for the infusion of liquid substances directly into a vein). etc. shall be punctured before being sent for treatment.
•
• Bio-medical Waste must be kept in segregated storage in coloured plastic bags with mouths securely tied and
• transfer it to the central intermediate storage room located in a convenient position of the health care unit.
nuclear wastes
• It is a waste generated by the nuclear energy industry and include substances which are used in cooling & storing nuclear fuels
• The radiations from radioactive substances –prolonged exposure results in damage to the living organisms and they contaminate air, water and land.
Nuclear waste storage
Nuclear fuel process
Nuclear fuel
What is it?
• (Nuclear fuel is a material that can be 'consumed' by nuclear fission( nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts) or fusion to derive nuclear energy. The most common are uranium-235 (235U) and plutonium-239)
Radio active elements
Uranium 235
Plutonium 239
• What are the
sources of nuclear
waste?
• The leakage of nuclear
radiations from nuclear
reactors & nuclear
research laboratories is
a significant source of
nuclear waste .
How is it harmful ?• It is harmful as it percolates down through
the soil into groundwater reservoirs or is carried into streams and rivers
• Radiation emissions are extremely harmful/injurious
Why there is a need to handle radio-active waste
carefully? • Nuclear wastes must be handled properly as these radiations when emitted remain may prove to be dangerous for thousands of years.