Water Treatment Plant Optimization-Today’s Balancing Act of Costs.
Regulations, and Customer Confidence
The 3 R’s of Operation-Recognize, Respond, React
R. Michael Kennedy Water Treatment Superintendent
City of Mesa Brown Road Water Treatment Facility
AZ Water Association
Phoenix, AZ
January 25, 2011
Presentation Outline Water Treatment Plant Optimization
• I. Objectives Overall • II. Water Resources-Source Water Quality • III. Treatment Optimization-the Balancing Act
• IV. Costs of Operations- COP-Challenges Of Operation
• V. The Future
I. OBJECTIVES OVER-ALL WHAT ITS ALL ABOUT
STRUCTURE is the FOUNDATION of any organization -Operators, Maintenance Staff, Process Controls, are the Structure -The Plant is the ultimate operational/production tool, the Foundation
WHAT DO WE DO? 1) Drinking water “Quality Providers” <Treatment/Production> 2) Drinking water “Quality Protectors” <Quality/Compliance>
The Balancing ACT
OBJECTIVES OF OPERATION City of Mesa Water Resources
• Water Supply/Source Redundancy-ability to deliver water supplies in distribution system under a variety of conditions.
• Water Treatment Reliability-components of the WTP can treat and deliver water under varying treatment , maintenance, and operational conditions.
• Water Sys. Operational Requirements- conditions such that water can be delivered reliably under fire flow, high demand, or other extreme or unusual operating condition.
• Cost Effectiveness and Optimization • Water System Compliance & Aesthetics Costs-Lexus vs. Kia??? - Commitment and “Willing to Pay”
Water Treatment Plant Modus Operandi
NOP- normal operation: operations “status quo” by meeting WQ/Regulatory Guidelines for treatment.
WOP- wishful thinking operation: Lexus quality operations and water quality.
ROP- response operations: changes in source water quality, plant malfunctions, oops and awe-sh…, etc.
FROP- frugal operation: The bean counters, modeling Treatment Operations-the MikaScope Financial Operations-the Setha-Scope
Approaches to Controlling DBP’s in Preparation for Stage 2 DBP Rule
Compliance • Remove the DBP precursors at the
treatment plant • Reduce the amount of disinfectant and/or
change the point of application • Reduction of amount of chlorine added by
switching from chlorine to alternative primary and/or secondary disinfectants
• Distribution System localized treatments and changes in system operation
INNOVATION
• A new way of doing something • Refers to incremental and emergent or the
radical and revolutionary changes in thinking, products, processes, services, or organizational structure.
• Synonymous with the output of a process or service.
• The main goal is “Positive Change”
II. Water Resources-Source Water Quality Source Water Challenges/Changing Water Quality
CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers
Source Water Influences •Alamo Lake •Bill Williams River •Lake Havasu •Lake Pleasant •CAP Maintenance Activities •Algae and Aquatic Plants •Unknowns/Storm-water/Other
Discharge, cubic feet per second
CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers
Mesa CAP Canal Turnout Visual Observations
CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers
Control Room SCADA Process Lab Analysis
CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers
Temperature Color pH/H-Ion Conc. Tot. Alkalinity Specific Conductance Algae Counts Fluoride Communication TOC UV254 Visual Observations Hydraulics-Flow
CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers
Total Organic Carbon TOC UV254 Organics Monitor
CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers
Jar Testing Remote Instrumentation
CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers
Chlorine Dioxide Monitoring Fluoride Monitoring
CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers
Raw Water Turbidity Raw Water pH
CAP Source Water Quality/Treatment Triggers NOW INITIATE/PRACTICE THE 3R’s
RECOGNIZE RESPOND
REACT
III. Treatment Optimization-the Balancing Act
What Is Optimization? To attain the most efficient and effective use of a drinking
water treatment plant in regards to some guiding principles:
• Achievement of consistently high quality finished water on a continuous basis
• Focus on overall plant performance, instead of focusing too much on a individual process
• Maximum efficiency in meeting production and storage demands
• Optimizing while at the same time meeting water quality, aesthetic, and regulatory compliance
Water Treatment Goals and Objectives
• GOALS are the general guidelines of where we want to be, whether regulatory, quality, or aesthetic. Common amongst WTP’s.
• OBJECTIVES define the strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals. Each WTP may have different objectives based on costs, treatment strategy, SOP’s, etc.
Objectives are specific measures we use to determine whether or not we were successful in achieving the Goals.
Water Treatment Goals Regulatory
We all share the same Regulatory Goals: Stage 2 D/DBP Rule
-Chlorine MCL = 4.0 mg/l (Treatment Plant) -Chlorine Dioxide MCL = 0.8 mg/l -Chlorite MCL = 1.0 mg/l -Bromate MCL = 10 ug/l -DBP Precursor Removal (TOC or SUVA) A treatment technique which may require 15-40%
removal based on source water alkalinity and TOC. TTHM/HAA = 80/60 ug/l LRAA (Distribution System)
Water Treatment Goals Regulatory LT1/2 ESWTR
-Turbidity: CFE <0.3 NTU in 95% samples IFE <1.0 NTU at all times -Cryptosporidium: Required monitoring
and associated treatment. Cryptosporidium Removal min. 2-log Giardia Removal min. 3-log Viruses Removal min. 4-log
Water Treatment Goals Water Quality/Aesthetic
• Local/In-Plant established WQ goals • USEPA AWOP Program • Partnership for Safe Water • Others
Specific Performance Goals adopted at Mesa BRWTP
IV. Costs of Operations The Balancing Act
Today’s Challenge of the Day: Less drying bed space availability due to 1) climatic
conditions, 2) increased flow/production rates, 3) source water quality conditions-increased chemical use
Meet greater/minimal water quality goals by increased chemical use
-OR- Reserve Drying Bed Space through sludge management/reduction with
less chemicals
Ultimate Goal: Regulatory/Compliance • CHALLENGE - Remove turbidity in Coag/Floc/Sed. process with
increased chemical use, or by the filtration process, thus resulting in reduced filter run times and increased use of wash water.
The Challenge Treatment Optimization
The Balancing Act Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation
(>Chemical Use, > sludge production, > costs)
Filtration (Turbidity Removal with <filter run times,
>wash water)
The Challenge Sludge Management
High Rate/Under-drain Drying Beds Solar Drying Beds
Water Treatment/Water Supply COP-challenges of operation
• Operational Costs- Fixed vs. Variable • Chemicals (3yr Increases in Costs 2007-2010) -Alum 29.5% -Chlorine 19.5% -Polymer(coag.) 0% -HFS 245% -PAC 50% -Sod. Chlorite 448% • Electrical: Steady Increases 3.65% upcoming • Parts and Supplies • Staff turnover, recruiting, salaries
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$0.00
$20,000.00
$40,000.00
$60,000.00
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$120,000.00
$140,000.00
$160,000.00
Brown Road WTP Chemical Cost Comparisons
Polymer-Coag
Polymer-Filter
Fluoride
Chlorine
Alum
Sod.Chlorite
PAC
Flows(MGD)
Treatment Chemicals FLOW, MGD
CHEMICAL $$
CAP WQ Event
Flow Increases & CAP WQ Event
WTP S/D
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400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
Brown Rd. WTP Monthly Electrical Usage
Treatment Operations Distribution Pumping Operations
KWH
V. The Future Meeting Compliance at the WTP
•Treatment Optimization •Primary/Secondary Oxidants/Disinfectants •Upgrades/Design Enhancements •Performance based Operations and Water Quality objectives/goals •**Reduce DBP Precursors at the WTP
Meeting Compliance Within the Distribution System
Factors Affecting TTHM Production • Chlorine Residual • Temperature • DBP Precursors (TOC/Organics) • Water Age • Hydraulics • System Operations • Localized Treatment Techniques
Keys to Management and Operational Success
• Leadership • Strategic Business Planning • Organizational Approaches • Measurement • Continual Improvement Management
Framework • Trained and Competent Staffing
POSITIVITY
PRAY What its all about
• P erspective • R egulations • A nd • Y ou
Options for Controlling Disinfection By-Product (DBP) Formation
What are We Doing? • Treatment Plant Optimization Program (includes DBP minimization
enhancements, increased monitoring and instrumentation, training. • Design considerations of new water treatment facilities • Total Organic Carbon (TOC) goal of <2.0mg/l from WTPs. • Chlorine management , control, monitoring enhancements, reduce
average distribution Cl2 residual from 1.00 mg/l to 0.80mg/l • Consideration of utilization of alternative primary disinfectant like
ozone at WTPs to minimize DBP precursors and Chlorine use. • Consider post-formation removal of DBPs (localized treatments at
storage reservoirs/tanks with extended water age). • Improved distribution system operation and management • Hydraulics and Water Age
That’s All Y’all
Any
Questions