WE&RF’s Activities to Advance Potable Reuse
2017 NWRI Clarke Prize Conference:Research and Innovations in Urban Water SustainabilityIrvine, CA
Jeff MosherWater Environment & Reuse FoundationOctober 20, 2017
Overview
• About WE&RF
• DPR in California
– DPR Expert Panel
• DPR Research Initiative
– Outcomes
• Next: Advancing Potable Reuse Initiative
– $4.5M State Water Board Grant
– 6 DPR research projects
– Other potable reuse research
– Nonpotable reuse research
– WE&RF Process
• Current proposed projects
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WE&RF Research Program Issue Areas
Sustainable Integrated Water Management (SIWM)
Nutrient Removal and Resource Recovery (NUTR and NRTY)
Energy Production and Efficiency (ENER)
Intelligent Water Systems (IWS)
Receiving Water Linkages in Water Quality (LINK)
Compounds of Emerging Concern/Trace Organics (CEC)
Water Reuse and Desalination (WR&D)
DPR in California
Legislation (SB 918 and SB 322)
Modified Water Code
Finalize groundwater replenishment regulations (completed June 2014)
Develop Surface Water Augmentation regulations (Draft released)
Required an Expert Panel to evaluate the feasibility of criteria for DPR
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CA State Water Board Expert Panel
• Co-Chair: Adam Olivieri, Dr.P.H., P.E., EOA, Inc. (CA)
• Co-Chair: James Crook, Ph.D., P.E., Environmental Engineering Consultant (MA)
• Michael Anderson, Ph.D., University of California, Riverside (CA)
• Richard Bull, Ph.D., MoBull Consulting (WA)
• Dr.-Ing. Jörg Drewes, Technische Universität München (Germany)
• Charles Haas, Ph.D., Drexel University (PA)
• Walter Jakubowski, M.S., WaltJay Consulting (WA)
• Perry McCarty, Sc.D., Stanford University (CA)
• Kara Nelson, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley (CA)
• Joan Rose, Ph.D., Michigan State University (MI)
• David Sedlak, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley (CA)
• Tim Wade, Ph.D., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (NC)6
Outcomes
Expert Panel Report
Advisory Group Report
www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/RW_SWA_DPRexpertpanel.shtml
State Water Board released feasibility report on Dec 31, 2016:
www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/rw_dpr_criteria.shtml
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State Water Board – 6 DPR Research Projects
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• Source Control and Final Water Quality Monitoring.
• Probabilistic Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
(QMRA) for Log Removals of Pathogens.
• Monitoring Requirements in a Regulatory Permit to
Measure Pathogens.
• Feasibility of Collecting Information on Community
Outbreaks.
• Treatment Options to Provide “Averaging” of Chemical
Peaks.
• Non-Targeted Analysis for Chemical Compounds.
WE&RF DPR Research Initiative (2012-2016)
• California SB 918 (2010)
– “Feasibility of developing criteria for DPR”
– Established DPR Expert Panel
• DPR Research Initiative
– $6 million raised to the need to fill knowledge gaps
– Leveraged to $24 million
• Funded 34 projects on topics
‒ Reliability of treatment trains
‒ Microbial and chemical water quality
‒ Monitoring and operations
‒ Public engagement
• Published reports and tools available at:
www.werf.org/reuseresearch9
Framework for DPR Report
Available at: www.werf.org/reuseresearch
• Overview of the key elements that make up a DPR program, from source control to blending product water.
• Valuable resource for municipalities, utilities, and agencies seeking to implement DPR programs.
• PI: George Tchobanoglous and NWRI
• Sponsors: AWWA and WEF
• Published in 2015
DPR Framework Report Concepts:
Technical, Operational, and Management Barriers
Components of a DPR Program
Potable Reuse Research Compilation:
Synthesis of Findings (Reuse 15-01)
• Summarized and synthesized key results of 34 research projects in DPR Initiative
• Published in December 2016
• Principle Investigators:
– NWRI and George Tchobanoglous
– 1-3 authors for each chapter
Available at: www.werf.org/reuseresearch
Demonstration of reliable, redundant
treatment performance
Critical control pointsOperations,
maintenance, training/certification
Pathogens: surrogates and
credits
Pathogens: rapid/continuous
monitoringFailure and resiliency
Removal and risk of constituents of
emerging concern
Evaluation of potential DPR trains
Source control
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Synthesis of Findings (Reuse 15-01) “Chapters”
Resilience: The ability of a
treatment train to successfully
adapt to failure
• Reuse-14-13
• Reuse-14-16
Reliability: The ability to
provide water that consistently
meets or exceeds the public
health protection
Resilience and Reliability of DPR Treatment
Reverse Osmosis fault tree highlighting primary qualitative and quantitative process failures (Reuse-14-16)
Treatment Reliability – Critical Control Points
CCPs are points in the
treatment process that
are specifically
designed to reduce,
prevent, or eliminate
a human health
hazard and for which
controls exist to
ensure the proper
performance of that
process.
Engineered Storage
Drinking Water Plant or Distribution
H2O2 UV Chlorine
Stabilization
NDMA Control
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Strainer
Acid/AntiscalantChloramine
Microfiltration Reverse Osmosis
Microorganisms
Microorganisms &
Chemicals of ConcernMicroorganisms
Microorganisms &
Chemicals of Concern
Lead/copper leaching in
distribution system
Critical Control Points in Reverse Osmosis (Reuse-13-03)
• Rapid monitoring of
contaminants provides more
time to respond to treatment
upsets
• Real-time sensors generate
large amounts of data and are
only effective if data can be
understood and acted upon in
a timely manner (Reuse-14-
01)
Potable Reuse Monitoring
Integration
from sample
pretreatment and
concentration to
sensing system
Cost-effectiveness
Activation,
Regenerations,
& Calibration
of sensing probes
High-throughput
by distribution of
miniaturized sensors
Practical Application
What is the Ideal Sensor? (Reuse-11-01)
RO + UV Achieves Removal of CECs
0
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
ng/L
RWPF Influent
RO Feed
AOP Feed
Product Water
Removal of Chemicals through DPR Processes (14-12)
Reuse-14-12 Enhanced Pathogen and Pollutant Monitoring at Big Spring, TX (Eva Steinle-Darling, Carollo)
Effective Treatment without Reverse Osmosis
• Inland operations are challenged with managing RO concentrate
• Ozone-BAC is effective for pathogens and CECs
• Gwinnett County, GA (Reuse-15-11)
• Pilot operations:
– Washoe County, NV (Reuse-15-10)
– Hampton Roads Sanitation District
– Altamonte Springs, FL
Potable Reuse Operations
Risk Management
Risk Management
Processes
Operational Risk
Assessment
Water Quality Risk
Assessment
CCPs
Critical Control
Point Selection
Critical Control
Point Management
Communication
Operating
Interfaces
Preventative and
Corrective Actions
Operator Skills and
Training
Operational
Monitoring
Validation and
Auditing
Asset Management
and Maintenance
Managing Incidents
and Emergencies
Operating
Procedures
Roles and
Responsibilities
Operations Management
Certification Programs: Most existing
certifications are general and may not be
representative of what is needed for
potable reuse
• Potable reuse certification may be an
supplement to existing frameworks
• CA/NV AWWA developing a program
Operator Training: Materials currently
being developed (Reuse-15-05)
Potable Reuse Operations Management Plan (Reuse-13-13)
Building on WRRF Research
Building Blocks for effective engagement
Delivery(Reuse 09-07, 12-06, 13-02)
Context(Reuse-09-01)
Language(Reuse-07-03)
History of Public Engagement
Research and Tools
13-02 Findings and
Guide for Public Engagement
Develop the potable reuse “project story”
Develop key messages that tell the story in terms understandable to a non-technical audience.
Identify key community leaders and the groups they represent and engage, continually
Majority support IPR (62%)
Initially most oppose DPR – but support goes up with information about safety
Treatment steps alone can build support
Testing/monitoring enhances support
Where are we today?
• Strong interest in potable reuse in California (and other states)
– Groundwater augmentation
– Surface water augmentation
– And DPR!
• State Water Board DPR outcome:
– Feasible to develop criteria for DPR
• AB 574 (signed in October 2017)
– Establishes deadline for initial DPR regulations of Dec 2023
• State Water Board $4.5M grant for recycled water research
– Fund 6 DPR Research Projects
– Sponsor other potable reuse research
• Next steps….24
State Water Board – Recycled Water Research
• SWB approved $4.5 Million grant to WE&RF for recycled water research
– $3M for Potable Reuse
– $1.5M for Nonpotable Reuse
• Goal:
– Advance reuse
– Address knowledge gaps
– Assist in implementing reuse projects
• Partnership:
– SWB DWQ and DDW
– WE&RF
– Water Research Foundation
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WE&RF’s “Advancing Potable Reuse Initiative”
• Need: Leverage the SWB funding
– 6 DPR projects
– Other potable reuse needs
• Advancing Potable Reuse Initiative:
– Matching funding for potable reuse research
– Establish potable reuse as a reliable and sustainable component of integrated water management
– National in scope
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Advancing Potable Reuse Initiative - Funding
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Funding Needs Amount
1. Six DPR projects from SWRCB Expert Panel
recommendations
$2M
2. Potable reuse technical research needs (technology
validation, water quality assessment, operations, etc.)
$2+M
3. Other potable reuse research needs (e.g., guidance,
operator certification, public engagement, etc.)
$2+M
Total $6+M
State Water Board – 6 DPR Research Projects
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• Source Control and Final Water Quality Monitoring
• Probabilistic Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
(QMRA) for Log Removals of Pathogens
• Monitoring Requirements in a Regulatory Permit to
Measure Pathogens
• Feasibility of Collecting Information on Community
Outbreaks
• Treatment Options to Provide “Averaging” of Chemical
Peaks
• Non-Targeted Analysis for Chemical Compounds
DPR Research Projects:
Proposed Approach
• WE&RF Staff:
– Grant Manager
– Project Managers (for each project)
– Science Officer
• Other Elements:
– Coordinating Committee
– Technical Working Groups (TWGs)
– Project Advisory Committees (PACs)
– DDW Technical Liaisons
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Advancing Potable Reuse Initiative – Research Needs
Defining research priorities for potable reuse:
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Water Reuse Issue Area Team
Purpose of Issue Area Team
• Develop a comprehensive research agenda on water reuse
• Support State Water Board recycled water grant programs
• Provide input and feedback on WE&RF’s overall research agenda on water reuse
Water Reuse Staff:
• Julie Minton (Program Director)
• Justin Mattingly
• Stefani McGregor
• Kristan VandenHeuvel
• Fidan Karimova
Active Projects
Potable Reuse
General Reuse
Industrial and Ag
Desalination
Water Reuse IAT
IAT Member Name Affiliation
Nicholas J. Ashbolt, Ph.D. University of Alberta School of Public Health
Judy Blackbeard, Ph.D. Melbourne Water (Australia)
Brian Bernados State Water Resources Control Board
Christopher Bellona, Ph.D. Colorado School of Mines
Charles Bott, Ph.D. Hampton Roads Sanitation District
Allegra da Silva, Ph.D. Stantec
Jean Debroux, Ph.D. Kennedy/Jenks Consultants
Adam Festger Trojan UV
Denise Funk Gwinnett County Dept. of Water Resources
Christopher Impellitteri, Ph.D. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Chance Lauderdale, Ph.D. HDR, Inc.
Water Reuse IAT
IAT Member Name Affiliation
Christine Owen, Ph.D. Tampa Bay Water
Brian Pecson, Ph.D. Trussell Technologies
Yuliana Porras-Mendoza Bureau of Reclamation
Channah Rock, Ph.D. University of Arizona
Andrew Salveson Carollo Engineers
Larry Schimmoller CH2M
Theresa Slifko, Ph.D. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
Ben Stanford, Ph.D. American Water
Arun Subrumani, Ph.D. Chesapeake Energy Corporation
Claire M. Waggoner State Water Resources Control Board
Jimmy Yu, Ph.D. PepsiCo
Water Reuse IAT
• Started planning for State Water Board grant efforts
• March 1-2, 2017 at West Basin Municipal Water District in California
• Outcomes:
• Generated 19 project concepts (recommended 2 for funding)
• Provided input on the 6 DPR Research topics
2017 IAT Planning Summary
• Bioanalytical Tools
• Potable Reuse (Treatment and Operations, CEC Removal, Monitoring)
• Non-Potable Reuse (Industrial, Produced, Agricultural, etc.)
Identified Research Priorities
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Advancing Potable Reuse: First Two Projects Approved
• Understanding Wastewater Treatment Performance on Advanced
Water Treatment Processes and Finished Water Quality (Reuse-17-
05) ($300,000)
• Investigate the impact of secondary treatment on:
• Advanced water treatment (AWT) feed and finished water quality
• AWT process selection
• ASWT operations, maintenance, and performance
• AWT capital and operational costs.
• Investigate the economic and performance tradeoffs
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Advancing Potable Reuse: First Two Projects Approved
2. Evaluation of CEC Removal by Ozone/BAC Treatment (Reuse-17-04)
($300,000)
• Compile data on the removal of CECs through ozone/BAC treatment as a
function of operational parameters
• Compare CEC removal by ozone/BAC to reverse osmosis based treatment
• Gather data from multiple sites with varying water qualities and local conditions
• Develop ozone/BAC design and operational guidelines
• Define goals for bioanalytical tool toolbox for unknown and unregulated chemicals for ambient monitoring and recycled water.
Task 1
• Develop candidate list of most relevant/ready bioanalytical tool endpoints.
Task 2
• Compare, optimize and standardize water extraction protocols for chemicals of concern.
Task 3
• Optimize and standardize selected bioanalytical tools.
Task 4
• Inter-lab round robin testing.
Task 5
New Project: Bioanalytical Tools (Bioassays)
Estimated Duration: 3 years
Estimated Budget: $1,500,000+
• State Water Resources Control Board of California
• Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
• WE&RF and Water Research Foundation
• Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
• University of Arizona
• University of Florida
• University of California, Riverside
• University of California, Davis
Collaborators:
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New Project: Bioanalytical Tools (Bioassays)
Formed in 2017 to bring the utilizes together to evaluate and adopt technologies and treatment processes for potable and nonpotable reuse
Focus Group Chairs
• Mehul Patel – Orange County Water District
• Jeff Prevatt – Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department
• Focus group open to WE&RF utility subscribers
• If you are interested contact Justin Mattingly (571-699-0024 or [email protected])
LIFT – Water Reuse Focus Group
Staff LeadsJustin [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
$4.5M in State Water Board Grants▪ $1M Grant for DPR Research Projects – February 2018▪ $3.5M Grant:▪ Potable Reuse: RFPs for 2 projects in January 2018▪ Nonpotable Reuse: RFPs in March 2018
AB 574▪ Establishes deadline for initial DPR regulations of Dec 2023
WE&RF Water Reuse Research Program Survey▪ www.surveygizmo.com/s3/3802243/WE-RF-Reuse-Research▪ Nationwide survey of needs for potable and nonpotable reuse
Next Steps
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