WhatcanweaccomplishduringthisWORKshop?
• “CanweupdatetheBernardCarrplots?” –JamesTaylor
– Carr94(ARA&A):observaIonsMACHOconstraints
• SynthesizecurrentDMconstraints
• Evaluatefutureprospectsforconstraints• Strategizefutureresearchandexperiments
CurrentdarkmaSerconstraints
Observable Constraint Method
Mass 100GeVWIMP?10‐5eVaxion?
theory,ΩDM,Ωb
DM‐baryonscaSeringx‐sect <~10‐42cm2/g(10‐6pb)
CDMS‐II,XENON100,etc.(“direct”detecIon)
DM‐DMscaSeringx‐secIon <~1cm2/g BulletCluster
DM‐DMself‐annihilaIonx‐sect lowhigh?
CMB:reionizaIonopIcaldepthPAMELA&ATIC(“indirect”detecIon)
Thermalvelocity mostlycold Largescalestructure
DensityfluctuaIons
other?
ConnectobservaIonstoDMconstraints
StronggravitaIonallensing
MaSerpowerspectrum
DMparIcleconstraints
warm
decays
OMEGAMissionConceptMoustakasetal.
(Bolton,Bullock,Cheng,Coe,Fassnacht,Keeton,Kochanek,Lawrence,Marshall,Metcalf,Natarajan,Peterson,Wambsganns)
• Dedicatedspace‐basedobservatorymonitoring~100Imedelaylenses
• ~1.5‐mmirror,near‐UV‐‐near‐IR+spectra
• Precisemeasurementsoffluxes,posiIons,andImedelays
• ConstraintsonnatureofdarkmaSerparIclefromsmall‐scalepowercutoff
PowerspectrumsuppressedonsmallscalesbywarmDMorDMdecay
CDMmixDMfromdecaysWDM
(1/2CDM+1/2decays)
Kaplinghat05
largescales smallscales
Power
IfDMturnsouttobegraviInos,stronggravitaIonallensingcouldbe
theonlymethodcapableofconstrainingitStronggravitaIonallensing
MaSerpowerspectrum
DMparIcleconstraints
warm
decays
ManywaystoconstrainDMproperIes
• AstronomicalobservaIons– CMB,gravitaIonallensing,LSS,substructure,SZ
• “Indirect”detecIon(DMself‐annihilaIonproducts)– e+e‐:EGRET,HEAT,PAMELA,ATIC,H.E.S.S.,Fermi– γ‐rays:VERITAS,Fermi,MAGIC– ν (neutrinos):IceCube,ANTARES,Super‐Kamiokande
• “Direct”detecIon(“catching”DMparIcles)– CDMS‐II,XENON100,CREST,EDELWEISS,DAMA/LIBRA
• “ProducIon”inparIcleaccelerators– Tevatron,LHC,ILC
LM,AB,&MKbeganmakinglists
DMproper4es/varia4ons• DM-DM elastic scattering (σDM(v)) • DM-baryon interactions (σDM-n) • Finite velocity dispersion (Qprim) • Late-time decays - NLSP-LSP (Δm/m) • Broken scale invariance • Small-scale primordial non-
Gaussianity; fNL(k) • Cold + hot (massless) dark matter • Equivalence principle violating dark
matter (or long-range DM-DM interaction)
• Dark U(1) • Warm dark matter; mDM, θ • Enhanced ????????
Measurements• ΩDM • Strong lensing
(substructure; halo shapes; dwarfs) • Q (LSBs; ellipticals) • Dwarf galaxy abundances • Dark matter cusps (Q?) • Lyman-alpha forest • 21cm P(k) • Diffuse X-ray • Elliptical galaxy shape distributions • Dwarf galaxy mass function • Substructure from annihilation
(gamma-ray, e's etc.) • Milky Way substructure • Tidal tails • Cluster weak lensing • Caustics
fromMoustakas,Kaminkowski,Bensonchalkboardtalk6/4/09
Let’smaketheconnecIons
DMproper4es/varia4ons• DM-DM elastic scattering (σDM(v)) • DM-baryon interactions (σDM-n) • Finite velocity dispersion (Qprim) • Late-time decays - NLSP-LSP (Δm/m) • Broken scale invariance • Small-scale primordial non-
Gaussianity; fNL(k) • Cold + hot (massless) dark matter • Equivalence principle violating dark
matter (or long-range DM-DM interaction)
• Dark U(1) • Warm dark matter; mDM, θ • Enhanced ????????
Measurements• ΩDM • Strong lensing
(substructure; halo shapes; dwarfs) • Q (LSBs; ellipticals) • Dwarf galaxy abundances • Dark matter cusps (Q?) • Lyman-alpha forest • 21cm P(k) • Diffuse X-ray • Elliptical galaxy shape distributions • Dwarf galaxy mass function • Substructure from annihilation
(gamma-ray, e's etc.) • Milky Way substructure • Tidal tails • Cluster weak lensing • Caustics
fromMoustakas,Kaminkowski,Bensonchalkboardtalk6/4/09
ConnecIons:observaIonstoDMconstraintsThankyouforyourinputsofar,andwelookforwardtomore!
X
X
<1
?
X
X
Onematrixorseveral?
Single Oneforeachcandidate?
X
X
<1
?
X
X
ProperIes
ObservaIo
ns
DarkMaSercandidates
parIcles
thermal
WIMPs
SUSY extradimensions
neutrinos
non‐thermal
axions graviInos
MACHOs modifiedgravity
Fromeachexperiment/observaIon,1‐Dconstraintsonindividualvariables
Thermalvelocity
Mass DM‐baryoncrosssec4on:scaAering
DM‐DMcrosssec4on:
elas4cscaAering
WhataboutcorrelaIons?
Fromeachexperiment/observaIon,2‐Dconstraintsonpairsofvariables
Fromeachexperiment/observaIon,mulI‐dimensionalconstraintsonvariables
MonteCarloMarkovChains Fishermatrices
Techniquestoprobelargeparameterspaces:
HowbesttocombineconstraintsfrommulIpleexperiments?
• Fishermatrices?
• Simpleandefficientwayofexploringlargeparameterspaces
• e.g.,cosmologicalparameters:(h,Ωm,Ωde,Ωk,w0,wa)
• AlternaIve:MCMC
Fromeachexperiment/observaIon,aFishermatrixofconstraintsandcorrelaIons
CosmologicalConstraintsfromGravitaIonalLensTimeDelays(Coe09)
crosssecIonDM‐baryon
phase‐spacedensity
crosssecIonDM‐DM
inelasIcDM‐DM
decouplingtemperature
crosssecIon
DM‐baryon
crosssecIonDM‐DM
inelasIcDM‐DM
decouplingtemperature
forDarkMaSerproperIes?
phase‐spacedensity
Fromeachexperiment/observaIon,aFishermatrixofconstraintsandcorrelaIons
forDarkMaSerproperIes?
crosssecIonDM‐baryon
phase‐spacedensity
crosssecIonDM‐DM
inelasIcDM‐DM
decouplingtemperature
crosssecIon
DM‐baryon
crosssecIonDM‐DM
inelasIcDM‐DM
decouplingtemperature
phase‐spacedensity
Fromeachexperiment/observaIon,fullprobabilitymatrix,exploredwithMCMC
CanDMconstraintsbewellapproximatedbyGaussianuncertainIes?
0
CanDMconstraintsbewellapproximatedbyGaussianuncertainIes?
0
CanDMconstraintsbewellapproximatedbyGaussianuncertainIes?
0
CanDMconstraintsbewellapproximatedbyGaussianuncertainIes?
• InWIMPmass–DM‐baryoncrosssecIonspace,maybe
• Howaboutinotherparameterspaces?
• Let’sfindout…
BydrawingconnecIons,WearenotjustcollecIngbuSerflies• Thegoalistoinformfutureresearchandexperiments
DarkMaSerTaskForce?
• AnalogoustotheDarkEnergyTaskForce• DeterminepotenIalconstraintsfromvariousmethods
• PrioriIze!
Albrecht06(DETF)
Pickconstraintsthatruleoutcandidates
Mass
DM‐baryon
crosssecIon
Tasks
• Definemostfundamental&usefulDMpropertyparameterspace
• Hownarrow/broad?• ConnectobservaIonstoproperIes
QuesIonstodiscuss
• OurprioriIesatthismeeIng?• Doesspreadsheetsounduseful?• SeparatespreadsheetsforWIMPs,axions,etc.?
• WillaFishermatrixanalysis(assumingGaussianuncertainIes)makesense?
• DarkMaSerTaskForce?
WelookforwardtoyourinputbothonlineandinpersonatthisWORKshop
IproposewetrydoingthisforWIMPsandtakeitfromthere…
ExoIcDarkMaSerTheoriesWhichtheoriesshouldweastrophysicistspayaAen4onto?
Includetheseproper4esinsimula4onsofstructureforma4on?
• ModifiedGravity(MOND/TeVeS/MoG/STVG)
• InelasIcDarkMaSer(mulIpleparIcleswithmasssplitng)• DarkMaSer–DarkEnergycombinedtheories
• ExciIngDarkMaSer(XDM)
Theobservedpowerspectrumisreproducedbytheoryonanenormousrangeofscales,
giventheconcordancecosmology