7/27/2019 What is SPED
1/44
What is SPED?
Dr. Milabel E. Ho
Executive Vice President &
Concurrent Dean of the College of Nursing
7/27/2019 What is SPED
2/44
What if?
What if I dont have the arms and legs?
Does it mean I cant play?What if I dont have the sight and the voice?
Does it mean I cant communicate?
What if words come slow in my mind?
Does it mean I cant learn?
7/27/2019 What is SPED
3/44
What if I cant look at you in the eye?
Does it mean I dont care?
What if I cant hug you like any other children
Does it mean Im void of all emotions?
How can I tell you what I feel?
If I dont reach out and accept what I am?
7/27/2019 What is SPED
4/44
Can you give me a chance?
Can you open your heartCan you listen to my plea
And love me like any other child?
7/27/2019 What is SPED
5/44
Facts
(as of SY 2004-2005)
156,270 children
with special
needs areenrolled in
schools
77,152are mentally
gifted/fast learners
(G/FL)79,118 are
children with
disabilities
7/27/2019 What is SPED
6/44
Special Education
is the individually planned and systematicallymonitored arrangement of teachingprocedures, adapted equipment and
materials, accessible settings, and otherinterventions designed to help learners withspecial needs achieve a higher level ofpersonal self-sufficiency and success in
school and community than would beavailable if the student were only givenaccess to a typical classroom education.
7/27/2019 What is SPED
7/44
79,118 are children with disabilities
40,260 learning disabled (LD)
11,597 hearing impaired (HI)
2,670 visually impaired (VI)
12,456 mentally retarded (MR)
5,112 behavior problem (BP)
7/27/2019 What is SPED
8/44
760 orthopedically handicapped (OH)
5,172 autistic children (Au)912 speech defectives (SD)
142 chronically ill (CI)
32 children with cerebral palsy (CP)
7/27/2019 What is SPED
9/44
2,149schools offering
SPED programs
4 national special schools
450 private special schools
151 recognized Special EducationCenters
1,544 regular schools with SPED
programs
4,034 Special Classes
7/27/2019 What is SPED
10/44
Students with special needs
learning differences
mental health issues, specific
disabilities (physical or developmental
giftedness are those whose needs
are addressed within the classroom
setting.
7/27/2019 What is SPED
11/44
Special Education
refers specifically to students with learning
disabilities, mental conditions, and other
disabling conditions like:
Autism
Deaf
Blindness
Developmental Delay
Emotional Disturbance
Hearing Impaired
Learning Disabilities
Mental Retardation
Multiple Disabilities
Orthopedic Impairments
Other Health Impairments
Speech and Language ImpairedTraumatic Brain Injury
Visual Impairment
http://www.naset.org/disabilitypopulatio2.0.htmlhttp://www.naset.org/disabilitypopulatio2.0.htmlhttp://www.naset.org/disabilitypopulatio2.0.htmlhttp://www.naset.org/disabilitypopulatio2.0.html7/27/2019 What is SPED
12/44
Autism
Autism is a brain development disordercharacterized by impaired social
interaction and communication, and by
restricted and repetitive behavior.
7/27/2019 What is SPED
13/44
Developmental Delay
Developmental delay refers to when a child'sdevelopment lags behind established normalranges for his or her age.
Sometimes the term is used formental
retardation, which is not a delay in developmentbut rather a permanent limitation.
Ex: If most children crawl by eight months of ageand walk by the middle of the second year, then
a child five or six months behind schedule inreaching these milestones may be classified asdevelopmentally delayed regarding mobility.
http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/mental-retardationhttp://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/mental-retardationhttp://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/mental-retardationhttp://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/mental-retardation7/27/2019 What is SPED
14/44
Emotional Disturbance
"...a condition exhibiting one or more of the following
characteristics over a long period of time and to amarked degree that adversely affects a child'seducational performance--
An inability to learn that cannot be explained byintellectual, sensory, or health factors. (B) An inability to
build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationshipswith peers and teachers.
Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normalcircumstances.
A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or
depression.A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fearsassociated with personal or school problems." [Code of FederalRegulations, Title 34, Section 300.7(c)(4)(i)]
7/27/2019 What is SPED
15/44
Hearing Impaired
Learning Disabilities -refer to a group of
disorders that affect a broad range ofacademic and functional skills including
the ability to speak, listen, read, write,
spell, reason and organize information
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_%28sense%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_%28sense%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_communication7/27/2019 What is SPED
16/44
There are several biological and psychological
factors that can affect speech. Among these are:
Diseases and disorders of the lungs or the vocal cords, includingparalysis, respiratory infections, vocal fold nodules and cancers of thelungs and throat.
Diseases and disorders of the brain, including alogia, aphasias,dysarthria, dystonia and speech processing disorders, where impairedmotor planning, nerve transmission, phonological processing orperception of the message (as opposed to the actual sound) leads topoor speech production.Hearing problems, such as otitis media effusion can lead tophonological problems.
Articulatory problems, such as stuttering, lisping, cleft palate, ataxia, ornerve damage leading to problems in articulation. Tourette syndromeand tics can also affect speech. A lot of people also have a slurin their
voiceIn addition to aphasias, anomia and certain types ofdyslexia canimpede the quality of auditory perception, and therefore, expression.Hearing impairments and deafness can be considered to fall into thiscategory.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_fold_noduleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alogiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysarthriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stutteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28speech%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_palatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourette_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_impairmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_impairmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourette_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_palatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28speech%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stutteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysarthriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alogiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_fold_noduleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung7/27/2019 What is SPED
17/44
Dysarthria
a motorspeech disorderresulting from neurologicalinjury, characterised by poor articulation (cf. aphasia: adisorder of the content of speech). Any of the speechsubsystems (respiration, phonation, resonance, prosody,articulation and movements of jaw and tongue) can be
affected.Dysarthric speech is due to some disorder in the nervoussystem, which in turn hinders control over, for example,the tongue, throat, lips or lungs. Swallowing problems(dysphagia) are often present.
Cranial nerves that control these muscles include thetrigeminal nerve's motor branch (V), the facial nerve(VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the vagus nerve(X), and the hypoglossal nerve (XII).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphagiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagus_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglossal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglossal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagus_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphagiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_disorder7/27/2019 What is SPED
18/44
Dystonia
is a neurologicalmovement disorderin
which sustained muscle contractions
cause twisting and repetitive movements
or abnormal postures.
The disorder may be inherited or caused
by other factors such as birth-related or
otherphysical trauma, infection, poisoning(e.g. lead poisoning) or reaction to drugs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heredityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heredityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurology7/27/2019 What is SPED
19/44
Speech processingis the study ofspeechsignals and the processing methods of these signals.
The signals are usually processed in a digital representation wherebyspeech processing can be seen as the intersection ofdigital signalprocessing and natural language processing.
Speech processing can be divided into the following categories:Speech recognition, which deals with analysis of the linguistic content of a
speech signal.
Speaker recognition, where the aim is to recognize the identity of the speaker.Enhancement of speech signals, e.g. audio noise reduction.
Speech coding, a specialized form ofdata compression, is important in thetelecommunication area.
Voice analysis for medical purposes, such as analysis ofvocal loading anddysfunction of the vocal cords.
Speech synthesis: the artificial synthesis of speech, which usually meanscomputer-generated speech.
Speech enhancement: enhancing the perceptual quality of a speech signal byremoving the destructive effects of noise, limited capacity recordingequipment, impairments, etc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_%28information_theory%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_%28social_science%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_noise_reductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_codinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_loadinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speech_enhancement&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speech_enhancement&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_loadinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_codinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_noise_reductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_%28social_science%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_%28information_theory%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_communication7/27/2019 What is SPED
20/44
Mental Retardation
Mental retardation is a generalized,triarchic disorder, characterized bysubaverage cognitive functioning anddeficits in two or more adaptive behaviors
with onset before the age of 18.Once focused almost entirely on cognition,the definition now includes both a
component relating to mental functioningand one relating to the individual'sfunctional skills in their environment.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_behaviorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_behavior7/27/2019 What is SPED
21/44
7/27/2019 What is SPED
22/44
7/27/2019 What is SPED
23/44
7/27/2019 What is SPED
24/44
BUREAU OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
Special Education Division (SPED)
Vision
The State, community and thefamily life hold a common visionfor the Filipino child with specialneeds:
he/she could be adequatelyprovided with basic education
education should fully realizehis/her own potentials fordevelopment and productivity aswell as being capable of self-expression of his/her rights in thesociety
he/she is God-loving and proud ofbeing a Filipino
The fundamentalprinciple of inclusiveschool is that allchildren should learntogether, wherever
possible, regardless ofany difficulties ordifferences they mayhave (The SalamancaStatement on
Principles, Policy andPractice in SpecialEducation).
7/27/2019 What is SPED
25/44
The Special Education Division has the
following functions:
Formulates policies, plans and programs for thepreparation of instructional materials, and evaluation ofprograms in special education;
Conducts studies and develops standards of programsand services for special learners;
Plans for prototype in-service education programs toupgrade the competencies of administrators,supervisors, coordinators, teachers as well as the non-teaching special education personnel; and
Establishes/strengthens linkages with agenciesconcerned with the education and welfare of childrenwith special needs.
7/27/2019 What is SPED
26/44
(PPHB) is an attached office of the SPED Division. It is tasked
to:Produce Braille books and other education materials;
Produce Braille printing materials; and
Distribute Braille books and supplies to regions/divisions/schools with programs for the visually impaired children andyouth.
Basic English Braille Braille Computer
The Philippine Printing House for the Blind (PPHB)
7/27/2019 What is SPED
27/44
Thrust
Institutionalization of SPED Programs forChildren with Special Needs (CSNs)
Approaches:
Establishment of SPED Centers as Resource
Centers
Training of Trainers on SPED
Provision of Technical Assistance on the
Organization/Expansion of Services for CSNsMonitoring and Evaluation of Program
Implementation
7/27/2019 What is SPED
28/44
special education has been provided in one,
or a combination, of the following ways:
Inclusion -Regular education classes combined with specialeducation services
students with special needs are educated with their typicallydeveloping peers for at least half of the day. In a full inclusion model,specialized services are provided within a regular classroom by
sending the service provider in to work with one or more students intheir regular classroom setting.
In a partial inclusion model, specialized services are providedoutside a regular classroom. In this case, the student occasionallyleaves the regular classroom to attend smaller, more intensive
instructional sessions, or to receive other related service such asspeech and language therapy, occupational and/or physical therapy,and social work.
7/27/2019 What is SPED
29/44
Mainstreaming
Regular education classes combined withspecial education classes
In this model, students with special needsare educated with their typically
developing peers during specific time
periods.
7/27/2019 What is SPED
30/44
Segregation (Self-Contained)
Full-time placement in a special education
classroom
In this model, students with special needs
spend no time with typically developing students.
Segregated students may attend the school as
their neighbors, but spend their time exclusivelyin a special-needs classroom. Alternatively,
these students may attend a special school.
7/27/2019 What is SPED
31/44
What is a special school?
A special school is a school catering to students whohave special educational needs due to learningdifficulties or physical disabilities.
may be specifically designed, staffed and resourced toprovide the appropriate special education for children
with additional needs.provide individualized education, addressing specific
needs. Student: teacher ratios are kept low, often 6:1 orlower depending upon the needs of the children.
also have other facilities for the development of childrenwith special needs, such as soft play areas, sensoryrooms, or swimming pools, which are vital for the therapyof certain conditions.
7/27/2019 What is SPED
32/44
Exclusion
A student who does not receive instructionin any school is said to be excluded.
Such exclusion may occur where there isno legal mandate for special educationservices.
It may also occur when a student is inhospital, homebound, or detained by the
criminal justice system.These students may receive one-on-oneinstruction or group instruction.
7/27/2019 What is SPED
33/44
Where can SPED Centers be
found?
7/27/2019 What is SPED
34/44
7/27/2019 What is SPED
35/44
7/27/2019 What is SPED
36/44
7/27/2019 What is SPED
37/44
7/27/2019 What is SPED
38/44
7/27/2019 What is SPED
39/44
7/27/2019 What is SPED
40/44
Special Tertiary Education
Program (STEP)
Special Certificate Programs
- served at the different colleges
- mainstreamed ( special studentstogether with the regular students)
- follows a regular schedule
7/27/2019 What is SPED
41/44
The hearingimpaired students are
assisted by a sign language interpreter
The visuallyimpaired with Braille readers
who are BEED students of the College of
Education major in Special Education
General Education courses of the Special
Certificate Programs are served at the
College of Education University SPED
Resource Center
7/27/2019 What is SPED
42/44
Special Certificate Programs
Computer application ( Engineering)Early childhood Education fro Speciallearners ( CED)
Food Service and Home Management(CHE)
Office & Library Technology (Univ. Lib)
Special Automotive Technology (CET)
Adaptive Computer & CommunicationTechnology ( USRC)
7/27/2019 What is SPED
43/44
Nothing you do for children is ever
wasted.They seem not to notice us,
covering averting our eyes, and
they seldom offer thanks. Butwhat we do for them is never
wasted.
Garrison Keillor
7/27/2019 What is SPED
44/44
Thank you
The sign for "thank you" is made by
touching your lips with the front of the
fingers of your right hand.
Your hand should be an "open-b."
Move your hand away from your face,
palms upward.
Smile.
Note: If you use two hands with this sign itmeans you are "very" grateful.
Note: This sign can also be interpreted to
mean "good."
http://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/pages-signs/g/good.htmhttp://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/pages-signs/g/good.htm