Why do we use Graphs?1. Visual representation of data2. To organize data
In which year were the least amount of dolphins seen? Did you use the chart or the graph or both to find
your answer?Year # of
Dolphins1996 19941997 76461998 49811999 63222000 55632001 7762
Making Graphs Make a graph for each
of the following sets of data.
Use a line graph, a bar graph and a pie chart
Sam’s WeightMonth Weight in
kgJanuary 49Februar
y54
March 61April 69May 73
Adopt Student Uniforms
Response
# of Student
s
%
Yes 30 10No 180 60
Maybe 90 30
Students’ Favorite After School Activities
Activity # of Students
Play Sports 45Talk on the
Phone53
Visit with Friends
99
Earn Money 44Chat Online 66School Clubs 22
Watch TV 37
Temperature Heat: a measure of how fast
molecules are moving Temperature: a measure of the
thermal energy in an object
Thermoscope: 1593 Galileo The first instrument that
measured changes in heat Works on the principle of AIR
expanding and contracting Cold air contracts Hot air expands
Fahrenheit Scale: 1714 Daniel Fahrenheit More accurate than the
thermoscope Based on the principle of MERCURY
to expand and contract 32°F = freezing point of water 98°F = body temperature 212°F = boiling point of water
Celsius Scale: 1742 Andreas Celsius Based on the freezing and boiling points of
water 0°C = water freezes 100°C = water boils
Kelvin Scale:1847 William Thompson (Lord Kelvin) 0 K = absolute zero: The
lowest possible temperature of anything in the universe
Molecules stop moving Used mostly in the astronomy
and engineering 0 K = -273°C 273 K = 0° C 373 K = 100° C
Dial thermometer: 1759 John Harrison Based on the principle of metal
expanding and contracting Used in furnace thermostats and
meat thermometers
Electric Thermometer: 1871 Sir William Siemens
Based on the principle of charged particles expanding and contracting Measures electrical charge and
translates it into a temperature
What are the following temperatures in Fahrenheit and Celsius? Freezing point of water
0º C or 32º F Boiling point of water
100º C or 212º F Human body temperature
37º C or 98º F Room Temperature
21º C or 70º F
Temperature Scales
Conversions Celsius to Fahrenheit:
Fahrenheit to Celsius:
Metric vs. American Measurements Metric System
Grams Meters Liters Celsius http://en.wikipedia.or
g/wiki/United_States_customary_units
American System Pounds Ounces Feet Inches Yards Miles Gallons Cups Teaspoon Quarts Pints Fahrenheit
Problems Metric mishap caused loss of NASA orbiter September 30, 1999 CNN NASA lost a $125 million Mars orbiter because a Lockheed Martin
engineering team used English units of measurement while NASAs team used the metric system for a key spacecraft operation.
The units mismatch prevented navigation information from transferring between the Mars Climate Orbiter spacecraft team in at Lockheed Martin in Denver and the flight team at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
Lockheed Martin helped build, develop and operate the spacecraft for NASA. Its engineers provided navigation commands for Climate Orbiters thrusters in English units although NASA has been using the metric system predominantly since at least 1990.
Metric System BasicsMost (95%) of the world uses the metric
system Why use the metric system?
To have a single unit for every physical quantity Volume, weight, length
MUCH EASIER: Based on units of 10
Metric System Basics The metric system is based on a base unit that
corresponds with a certain type of measurement Length = meters (m) Volume = liters (L) Mass or weight = grams (g)
Other abbreviations Kilo = k Hecto = H Deka = D deci = d centi = c milli = m
Metric Conversions
Metric Conversions