© Luonnonvarakeskus© Luonnonvarakeskus1 15.9.2015Teppo Tutkija
Research Scientist Dr. Johanna Routa, Natural Resources Institute Finland
Barents Forest Forum, September 17-18, 2015, Joensuu Science Park, Joensuu, Finland
Wood chips and pellets utilization tendency in bioenergy production in Finland, Sweden and some other European countries 2000-2016
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Content:
• Total Energy use• Forest chips• Solid wood fuel• Pellets• Energy Peat• Conclusions
2 15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Total energy use in Finland (source: Statistics Finland)
3 15.9.2015
0 %
10 %
20 %
30 %
40 %
50 %
60 %
70 %
80 %
90 %
100 %
other
wood ‐based fuels
peat
hydro and wind power
imported electricity
nuclear power
natural gas
coal
oil
Renewables32%Peat 5%
Nuclear 18%
Fossil fuels 40%
Other 5%
Source: Statistics Finland
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Energy prices in Finland (source: Statistics Finland)
4 15.9.2015
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Pric
e €/
MW
h
Peat
Forest chips
Coal
Gas
Source: Statistics Finland
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Use of forest chips in Finland
5 15.9.2015
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
2
4
6
8
10
12€/MWh
milj. m3
Small houses
Powerplants
Price
180190200210220230
2011 2012 2013 2014
€/t
Year
Price of coal €/t
* estimate
Anttila et al.Source: Luke
© Luonnonvarakeskus
• In EU-area Finland and Sweden are the biggest users of Forest chips.
• In Sweden the use of forest chips was around 7 million cubicmeters in 2014
• In Sweden the same problems occurs than in Finland , priceof coal…
• Competitiveness of forest chips has to increase, that use of forest chips can continue increasing
• The raw material base is different between Finland and Sweden
6 15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus7 15.9.2015
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Milj
.m3
Finland
Small scale housing
Stumps
Defect round wood
Small trees
Logging residues
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Milj
. m3
Sweden
Stumps
Defect round wood
Small trees
Logging residues
Source: Luke, & Skogforsk
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Solid wood fuel consumption in heating and powerplants in Finland and Sweden
8 15.9.2015Source: Luke, & Skogforsk
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Sweden Finland
TWh
Other
Industrial chips
sawdust
Bark
Stumps
Defect round wood
Small trees
Logging residues
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Use of Pellets in Finland
9 15.9.2015
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015* 2016*
1000 t
Domestic production
Domesticconsumption
© Luonnonvarakeskus10 Source: AEBIOM, GTIS, Luke
• With a consumption of about 17.5 million tonnes of pellets in 2013, the EU is already the world’s largest wood pellets market.
• The EU-28 is the large global producer of wood pellets; 13.3 milliontonnes in 2014
• It is also a net importer of wood pellets import from non-EU MemberStates was 6.55 million tonnes
0
5
10
15
20
25
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* 2015*
mill
ion
tonn
es
EU-28
Production
Consumption
© Luonnonvarakeskus
• Germany produced 2.4 million tonnes of pellets 2014, and Sweden 1.4 million tonnes.
• Production capacity of eastern European pellet industry is raising by almost 2 million tonnes per year by the beginning of next year
11 15.9.2015Source: AEBIOM, GTIS, Luke
Main pellet producers Million tonnes
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Germany 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.4
Sweden 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4
France 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2
Latvia 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0
Austria 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Portugal 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Poland 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
* Estimation
© Luonnonvarakeskus
• The United Kingdom had the highest level of wood pellet imports
• Imported pellets to EU-28 comes mainly from North America
12 15.9.2015Source: AEBIOM, GTIS, Luke
Main pellet consumers Million tonnes2009 2010 2011 2012 20132014*
UK 0.2 0.176 1 1.4 3.8 5Italy 0.85 0.58 1.5 2.1 2.5 2.6Denmark 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.3 2.4Germany 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 2 2.2Sweden 1.92 2.28 1.88 1.7 1.9 2France 0.3 0.4 0.55 0.6 0.89 1.1Austria 0.55 0.66 0.72 0.785 0.9 1Belgium 0.92 0.92 1.2 1.7 0.8 0.5Netherlands 0.9 0.913 1 1.25 0.5 0.5
* Estimation
© Luonnonvarakeskus
International production of energy peat 2013
13 15.9.2015Source:U.S. Geological Survey, Peat 2013 (Minerals Yearbook)
23 %
9 %
21 %4 %
5 %
10 %
19 %
9 %
Finland Denmark Ireland Estonia Latvia Russia Sweden Ukraina Others Belarus
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Energy peat in Finland
14 15.9.2015Source: Luke & Bioenergia Ry
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*
PJ Production
Consumption
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Conclusions:• Finnish targets (2020) to use of renewables will be achieved,
use of industrial by-products will increase• In Finland the target of using forest chips has been set to 25
TWh = 13.5milj.m3 wood• It is possible to achieve, we have enough potential, but..• The price competitiveness of forest chips will be the
determining issue of utilization level- efficiency in supply chains has to improved- quality issues should be adressed
• Use of pellets will increase in Finland
15 15.9.2015
© Luonnonvarakeskus16 15.9.2015Source:Luke
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Finland Germany Latvia Sweden Spain
milj
. m3
Growing stock volume
2002
2014
• Growing stock volume in European countries are increasing
© Luonnonvarakeskus
Kiitos!
15.9.201517
© Luonnonvarakeskus18 15.9.2015Teppo Tutkija