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ORGANIZATIONALBEHAVIOR
Institute of Business Administration
& Aviation Sciences (IBAAS)
Dr. Wali Mughni
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ORGANIZATIONALBEHAVIOR
It is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structures have on behavior within the organization, for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization’s effectiveness.
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LEARNING METHODOLOGY
• From more important to less important
• Interactive
• Presentations (by Students)
• PowerPoint (on Slideshare.com – FB link)
• Books (Robbins + Luthans)
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THEORIES OF WORK MOTIVATION
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The Importance of Motivation in the Workplace
Determinants of Individual Performance Performance =
(Motivation X Ability) - Situational Constraints Motivation—the desire to do the job. Ability—the capability to do the job. Work environment—the resources needed to do the
job. Constraints in the environment hamper
performance
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Motivation Definition
The act or process of stimulating to action, providing an incentive or motive, especially for an act.
It results from the interactions among conscious and unconscious factors such as the
1. intensity of desire or need,2. incentive or reward value of the goal,
and 3. expectations of the individual and of
his or her significant others.
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Types of Motivation
Extrinsic motivation would include circumstances, situations, rewards or punishment, both tangible and intangible that participation in results in an external benefit.
Intrinsic motivation would include involvement in behavioral pattern, thought process, action, activity or reaction for its own sake and without an obvious external incentive for doing so.
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Perspective on Motivation
Content Perspective
Focus on needs and deficiencies of individuals
Approaches to motivation that try to answer the question, “What factors in the workplace motivate people?”
Process Perspective
Focus on why people choose certain behavioral options to satisfy their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained their goals.
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Hierarchy of Needs
Modified Pyramid
Biological and Physiological needs
Safety needs
Aesthetic needs
Cognitive needs
Esteem needs
Belongingness and Love needs
Self-actualization
Transcendence
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Two-Factor Theory
Job ContentJob Context
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Comparison
Job Content
Job Context
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ERG Theory
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Comparison
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Vroom’s VIE Theory
Valence refers to the emotional orientations people hold with respect to outcomes [rewards].
Expectancy: Employees have different expectations and levels of confidence about what they are capable of doing.
Instrumentality: The perception of employees whether they will actually get what they desire even if it has been promised by a manager.
Motivation = Valence x Expectancy x Instrumentality
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Equity Theory
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Attribution Theory
Attribution theory is concerned with how individual interpret events and how this is related to their thinking and behavior.
The motivation theory associated here describes how people explain, justify, and/or provide excuses about influences on their motivation - meaning, their current motivation level is due to some external reason that has nothing to do with them.
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Locus Of Control
Internal Locus of Control
Individual believes that his/her behavior is guided by his/her personal decisions and efforts.
External Locus of Control
Individual believes that his/her behavior is guided by fate, luck, or other external circumstances
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ARE YOU MOTIVATED TO LEARN?
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