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Wool ResearchAssociation Thane
Welcome youTo
WOOL Science AndTechnology
Visit us at WWW.wraindia.com
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FIBRES
RAW WOOL SPECIFICATION IMPORTANCE
Fibre Diameter Yield Vegetable Matter Staple Length Staple Strength Colour Dark Fibre Style (e.g. tip, crimp, dust)
Raw wool characteristics in order of significance to processing and product quality.
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FIBRES Raw wool characteristics
RAW WOOL SPECIFICATION
Fibre Diameter Primary Property of FibreFiner the better
Yield Clean Wool available for
further processingVegetable Matter Higher VM % affectsFibre Length
Staple Length Determines Fibre LengthStaple Strength Short Fibre % , Noils %
Colour Related to Dyeingproperty
Dark Fibre Shade Variation afterDyeing
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RAW WOOLVegetable Matter
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FIBRES Diameter Measurements Instruments
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Why Finishing ?
To remove unwanted contaminants,
mainly lubricants and anti-staticagents introduced during yarn andfabric productionTo develop and improve fabric
handle and appearance Control the dimensional propertiesof the fabric (relaxation shrinkageand hygral expansion)
To add functional finishes asrequired, to produce shrink-resistance, flame-retardancy, water-proofing, smooth drying and
antistatic properties
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PROCESS WOOLLEN
SYSTEM
WORSTED
SYSTEM
WetFinishing
Inspect (Mend) + +
Pre-set +
Scour + +
Carbonise +
Crab +
Mill Acid/Neutral
Piece dye (+) (+)
Dryfinishing
Stenter dry + +
Inspect + +
Condition + +
Raise +
Crop +
Press + Rotary Decatise + +
Pressure decatise +
Press Rotary +
Sponge +
Inspect + +
Finishing sequences :
Some typical finishing sequences all wool woollen and worsted fabric
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Why Test Textiles ?
The textile article must performproperly during use, and not
deteriorate rapidly.
Testing MaximisesCustomers Satisfaction
Testing therefore provides the basis for
consumer protectionand confidence,factors which can inturn encouragerepeat business
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TOPS / ROVINGS
FIBRE DIAMETERAVERAGE FIBRELENGTHCOLOURNEPS / VEGETABLEMATTER %BUNDLE STRENGTH
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FABRICS
WEIGHT PER SQUAREMETERENDS / PICKSBLENDSCOUNTSTRENGTHWEAVETEARING STRENGTHBURSTING STRENGTH
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CARPETS
CUT PILE WEIGHTTHICKNESSDENSITYD- FACTORSTATIC LOADINGDYNAMIC LOADINGABRASSION RESISTANCE
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KNITWEARCover Factor
Courses / WalesCount of yarnShrinkage
Static & AreafeltingcountTwist
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CHEMICAL TESTS
INVOICE WEIGHTOIL CONTENTSCOLOUR FASTNESSPROOFING CONTENTALKALI & UBSOLUBILITYSHRINKAGE %FLAME RETARDANCY
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& OTHER TEST
FIBRE IDENTIFICATIONCORINGTOG VALUESIRO FASTCREASE RECOVERYSTIFFNESS
PILLING
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NATURAL
DYES INTHE
CARPET
INDUSTRY
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SELECTION OF RAW
MATERIAL
18 Colouring raw
materials short listed
5- to 6 Colouring raw
materials were selected
for natural Dyeing
More than 100 shades
have been developed
To cover full range of
carpet shades