www.thalesgroup.com
THALES GROUP INTERNAL
What’s New in vSphere 5.1
Module 1
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vSphere 5.1 offers only the ESXi hypervisor architecture.
vSphere 5.1 does not include the legacy ESX server. The service console no longer exists.
VMware vSphere® Command-Line Interface and VMware vSphere® PowerCLI are available for command-line administration.
vCenter Server 5.1 can still manage ESX hosts of 4.0 and above
The upgrade process upgrades ESX/ESXi 4.x to ESXi 5.1.
What’s New in vSphere 5.1?
vCenter Server 5.1
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New for ESXi 5.1:
2TB host memory Up to 160 logical
CPUs 512 virtual
machines per host 2,048 virtual CPUs
per host
New ESXi Hardware Maximums
2TB160 LCPUs
2048 vCPUs512 VMs
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Reclaim storage from files deleted in the guest OS
Hardware-accelerated 3-D graphics
Larger virtual machines
New virtual machine format
Virtual Machine Virtual Hardware Version 9
64 vCPUs 1TB RAM
Virtualize larger workloads
Run high-performance 3-D graphics apps
Storage efficiency
Enhancements Benefits
2x
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Installing or upgrading to ESXi 5.1:
For RAM, a minimum of 2GB is required.
Installation and boot device options:
USB devices Disks larger than 2TB
See the VMware Compatibility Guide at http://www.vmware.com/resources/compatibility.
ESXi 5.1 Requirements
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vSphere 5.1 introduces the following changes to the ESXi interactive installation process:
A graphical installer is no longer available. The installer can be used for new installations or upgrades. New installations use the GUID Partition Table instead of the Master
Boot Record partition format. New installations create a 4GB scratch partition.
Changes to the ESXi Interactive Installation Process
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vSphere 5.1 introduces the following enhancements to the ESXi scripted installation:
Adding the location of the installation media in the installation script is no longer required.
The installation image is loaded directly into the host RAM when the host boots.
The table describes command changes to scripted installations.
Enhancements to the ESXi Scripted Installation Process
Command changes Commands
Commands that have been deprecated
autopart, esxlocation
Commands no longer supported
auth/authconfig, bootloader, firewall, firewallport, timezone, virtualdisk, zerombr, %packages
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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When the ESXi installer screen appears, press Shift+O to edit boot options.
Type ks=<location_of_installation_script> <boot_command-line_options>.
Example:
ks=nfs://192.168.0.101/FS2/isos/esxi-B.cfg nameserver=192.168.0.57 ip=192.168.0.3 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.0.254
Performing an ESXi Scripted Installation
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The requirements are specific to a vCenter Server system.
An alternative to the vCenter Server system introduced: VMware vCenter Server Appliance.
The vCenter Server Appliance has its own set of requirements. The vCenter Server Appliance is discussed in module 8, “New
Alternatives for Deploying VMware vSphere.”
vCenter Server Requirements
Component Requirement vCenter Server 5.1
Hardware
Memory4GB minimum, 10GB (If SSO and vCenter Inventory Service also installed)
Disk storage4GB minimum, 40GB (If SSO and vCenter Inventory Service also installed )
Software
Default database Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 Express
Operating systemsWindows Server 2003 and 2003 R2; Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2
Database operator (DBO) rights No longer required for installation or upgrade
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10 /10 / vCenter Installer
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Benefits of Single Sign-On:
Faster operations and less complexity Support for multiple or non-AD user repositories Trust between components Support for an open standard
Introducing vCenter Single Sign-On
vCD
vCenter
MgmtApp
directoryserver(AD)
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12 /12 / How Single Sign-On Functions
vSphereplatformservices
Customeridentity sources
vSphere solutions
authentication(single sign-on)
vCOInventory Service
vCenter
ActiveDirectory
authorization auditing
vSphereWeb Client
OpenLDAP
NISlocal OS
users
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Support is included for autodiscovery of vCenter 5.1 Server systems in the vSphere environment.
vCenter 5.0 Server systems require one-time manual registration. The user can see all vCenter instances. Linked mode is no longer required for unified views of vCenter
Server.
Single Sign-On Server: Features
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Identity source is a directory service that authenticates vCenter users. Supported identity sources are:
OpenLDAP
Active Directory
OS users that are local to the system where SSO installed
SSO uses default domains to authenticate users when a username is provided without a domain name.
Only users with SSO administrator privileges can configure the identity source.
Configuring SSO: Identity Source
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15 /15 / Configuring SSO: Password Policy
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16 /16 / Configuring SSO: Lockout Policy
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The vSphere Web Client offers the following:
An alternative to using the VMware vSphere® Client™ A Web-based interface to vCenter Server or a VMware ESXi™ host Support for Firefox and Internet Explorer browsers on multiple
operation system platforms An interface that is customizable by the user Advanced search functionality available in vSphere 5.1
The vSphere Web Client includes extensible functionality.
Partners and users can add features and capabilities.
What Is the vSphere Web Client?
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vSphere WebClient
vSphere Client
Concurrent sessions 150 sessions 50 sessions
Platforms Windows, Linux, Macintosh Windows only
Extensibility Rich extensioncapabilities
Limited HTMLplug-in
User experience Flexible, modern,and consistent UIs Rigid and static
vSphere Web Client and vSphere Client comparison
vSphere Web Client Advantages
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19 /19 / vSphere Web Client: Object Navigator
Breaks the traditional hierarchy view of an object. Objects are linked and displayed by relationships.
The Home screen retains its original appearance.
Allows an administrator to view objects by solutions.
Enables administrators to jump to crucial elements faster through relationships and object search.
Reduces client clutter and repetitive information by simplifying display of objects.
Only displayed objects are communicated between server and browser.
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To upgrade vCenter Server, vSphere Client, Update Manager, and ESX/ESXi hosts:
1. Verify requirements.
2. Back up.
3. Upgrade to vCenter Server 5.1.
4. Upgrade to Update Manager 5.1.
5. Install vSphere Client 5.1 and install the Update Manager plug-in.
6. Use Update Manager to upgrade to ESXi 5.1.
7. Upgrade VMFS-3 datastores.(Discussed in module 5, “Storage Management”)
8. Upgrade virtual machine hardware and VMware Tools.(Discussed in module 3, “Virtual Machine Management”)
Overview of the Upgrade Process
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To upgrade a 64-bit system, perform an in-place upgrade.
An in-place upgrade:
Requires downtime of vCenter Server Does not require that you power off hosts or virtual machines
Performing a vCenter Server In-Place Upgrade
vCenter Server 4.1While the upgrade
is in progress,VMware vSphere®
Distributed Resource
Scheduler stops working but
VMware vSphere® High Availability
continues to work.
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To upgrade a 32-bit system to vCenter Server 5.1 (64-bit), migrate the vCenter Server database and configuration to a 64-bit machine (physical or virtual).
Back up the vCenter Server database. Move the database to the new machine, if the database is local. Back up vCenter Server configuration settings.
Use the data migration tool.
Create a 64-bit data source name (DSN) that points to the database (for nonbundled databases.)
On the new 64-bit machine, install vCenter Server, and restore the vCenter Server database and configuration settings.
Upgrading to vCenter Server on a Different Machine
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The data migration tool is used to back up the following:
vCenter Server configuration settings: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) data
Port settings (for example, HTTP, HTTPS, Web services)
SSL certificates
Licenses
vCenter Server database, local SQL Server Express database only
The data migration tool can also be used to install vCenter Server and restore data.
The data migration tool is on the vCenter installation media.
Using the Data Migration Tool
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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Update Manager 5.1 has the following enhancements:
Remediation of multiple servers simultaneously Scheduling of reboot after a VMware® Tools/virtual hardware
upgrade ESX to ESXi migration
Guest operating system patching is no longer available.
To upgrade Update Manager, use the vCenter Installer.
After upgrading Update Manager:
Install vSphere Client 5.1. Install the Update Manager plug-in.
Upgrading Update Manager
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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25 /25 / Migrating ESX and Upgrading ESXi
Two main scenarios:
Migrate an ESX host to ESXi 5.1. Upgrade an ESXi host to ESXi 5.1.
Most standard configurations are preserved, but not all, such as:
Information that is not applicable to ESXi: /etc/sysconfig/mouse or /etc/sudoers
Custom configuration files: Scripts added to /etc/rc.d
Most third-party software is not preserved:
Supported components are Cisco Nexus 1000v and EMC PowerPath.
All other components must be replaced after the host is upgraded.
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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Partial list of configuration files and whether they are migrated during the upgrade
See vSphere Upgrade Guide for the complete list.
Configuration Files Preserved During the Migration/Upgrade
Configuration files Action/etc/vmware/esx.conf Migrated
/etc/ntp.conf, ntp.drift, ntp.keys Migrated
/etc/krb.*, /etc/krb5.* Migrated
/etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf Migrated
/etc/pam.d/* Migrated
/etc/vmware/vmkiscsid/* Migrated
/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow Partially migrated; root and vpxuser accounts
/etc/yp.conf Not migrated; NIS not supported in ESXi
/etc/syslog.conf Migrated for ESXi, not migrated for ESX
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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Firewall configuration:
Rule set files and customized firewall rules are not preserved.
Resource pool settings:
Settings might be insufficient to start all virtual machines.
Networking changes:
If migrating ESX: Service console network interface cards (NICs)
are converted to VMkernel NICs.
The service console port group is removed.
Partitioning changes:
The ESXi 5.1 partition scheme differs from ESX and earlier ESXi versions.
Configuration Settings Affected by the Migration/Upgrade
For more details, seevSphere 5.1
Upgrade Guide.
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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28 /28 / Migration/Upgrade Methods
Migration/upgrade method ESX 3.5* ESX/
ESXi 4.x Use case
Use Update Manager. XFor sites that already use vCenter Server and Update Manager
Interactively use the ESXi installer.
XFor a small number of hosts
Perform a scripted migration/upgrade.
XFor an efficient way to deploy multiple hosts
Perform a new installation. X XFor upgrading ESX 3.5 hosts or for use in your own custom upgrade plan
After you upgrade or migrate to ESXi 5.1,you cannot roll it back to the previous version.
See upgrade path : http://kb.vmware.com/kb/2037630
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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With Update Manager 5.1, you can migrate an ESX host to ESXi 5.1.
An ESX limitation:
The /boot partition must be greater than 350MB. If it is not, use an interactive or scripted upgrade, instead.
To use Update Manager to upgrade an ESX/ESXi host to ESXi 5.1:
1. Import the ESXi 5.1 image.
2. Create the ESXi 5.1 upgrade baseline.
3. Attach the baseline to the host.
4. Remediate the host.
Use Image Builder to create a custom ESXi 5.1 ISO image, containing third-party agents and device drivers.
Image Builder is discussed in module 8, “New Alternatives for Deploying VMware vSphere.”
Using Update Manager to Migrate/Upgrade to ESXi 5.1
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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Use the interactive ESXi installer to migrate ESX or upgrade ESXi.
The following changes have been made to the interactive ESXi installer:
No graphical installer
Single installer wizard for newinstallations and upgrades
Interactive and Scripted Migration or Upgrade
The scripted upgrade is similar to performing a scripted installation in ESX and ESXi. The default upgrade script is ks.cfg.
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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With ESXi 5.x, the following changes have been made to the direct console user interface (DCUI) and the esxcli commands.
The DCUI can be accessed remotely, using an SSH session. The esxcli command set has been revised and expanded. The local and remote versions of esxcli are now identical.
Managing ESXi Through the DCUI and esxcli Commands
www.thalesgroup.com
THALES GROUP INTERNAL
Virtual Machine Management
Module 2
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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33 /33 / New Virtual Machine Capabilities
64 vCPUs per virtual machine
1TB RAM per virtual machine`
Virtual machinescalability
Richer desktopexperience
Broader device coverage
Othernew features
Hardware 3-D graphics
HD audio
USB 3.0 devices
Smart-card readers
UI for multicore vCPUs
VMDirectPath I/O version 2
E1000e network adapter
Client-connected USB devices
Extended VMware® Tools compatibility
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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What is snapshot consolidation?
Method used to commit a chain of snapshots to the original virtual machine when the Snapshot Manager window does not match the snapshot status of the virtual machine
Snapshot consolidation is intended to resolve known issues with snapshot management:
The snapshot descriptor file is committed correctly, but the Snapshot Manager window incorrectly shows that all the snapshots are deleted.
The snapshot files (-delta.vmdk) are still part of the virtual machine. Snapshot files continue to expand until the virtual machine runs
out of datastore space.
Snapshot Consolidation
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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The Snapshot Manager shows no snapshots. But a warning on the Summary tab of the virtual machine notifies the user that a consolidation is required.
Discovering When to Consolidate
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Select Consolidate to reconcile snapshots.
Any snapshots found are committed to the virtual machine.
Performing Snapshot Consolidation
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The Solutions Manager is a central point from which to monitor and manage installed solutions.
A solution is an extension that adds functionality to VMware vCenter Server™.
Examples: An extension to manage enterprise security
An extension to manage backup and recovery
An extension to manage and configure the cloud environment
Can be developed by VMware and VMware third-party vendors Packaged in Open Virtualization Format
Why use the Solutions Manager?
As more are created for vCenter Server, a central point of control becomes very important for the administrator to be able to monitor and manage each solution.
What Is the vCenter Solutions Manager?
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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38 /38 / Solutions Manager Interface
Select Home > Administration > vCenter Solutions Manager.
Select a solution and get detailed information about each solution.
Get a quick overview of the health of the solutions.
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Installer located on ISO image Install local to vCenter Server or to remote systems
VMware recommends installing to remote systems
Included with vCenter Server Appliance
Installing the vSphere Web Client
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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40 /40 / vSphere Web Client Architecture
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Log in with your vCenter Server user credentials.
Starting the vSphere Web Client
Select Start > Programs > VMware > VMware vSphere Web Client > vSphere Web Client.
https://<FQDN or IP Address>:9443/vsphere-client/
Install Client Integration Plugin for console access.
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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42 /42 / Viewing the vSphere Web Client
vSphere Web Client Home
page
www.thalesgroup.com
THALES GROUP INTERNAL
Network Management
Module 3
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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44 /44 / What Is the ESXi Firewall?
ESXi 5.1 has a new firewall engine to provide access
control to the management network.
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45 /45 / Configuring the ESXi Firewall
Enable or disable a rule set.
Define allowed IP addresses or
ranges for a rule set.
Select host > Configuration tab > Security Profile link > firewall Properties link.
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Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
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To add a new service to the ESXi firewall:
Create a file in /etc/vmware/firewall named <service_name>.xml,where <service_name> is the name of the service, for example, MyService.xml. <enabled>: Default status when the service is first loaded
<required>: Indicates whether service is required
Use the esxcli command to load the configuration: esxcli network firewall refresh
Manage the new service with VMware vSphere® Client™.
Adding New Services to the ESXi Firewall
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47 /47 /New Distributed Virtual Switch Features in
vSphere 5.1
vSphere 5.1 introduces new features for a vSphere distributed virtual switch (dvSwitch):
LLDP, LACP, NetFlow, SR-IOV and port mirroring.
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48 /48 /
LLDP is a switch discovery protocol that helps network administrators determine the capabilities of a network device.
LLDP is similar in functionality to Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP).
What Is Link Layer Discover Protocol?
The dvSwitch advanced settings allow you to
specify discovery protocol type.
LLDP:
New in vSphere 5.0
For dvSwitch only
Vendor-neutral protocol
CDP:
In vSphere 4.x
For vSwitch and dvSwitch
Specific to Cisco
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49 /49 / Example of LLDP Information
Example of LLDP output from a physical switch
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50 /50 /
NetFlow:
A network analysis tool for monitoring the network and for gaining visibility into virtual machine traffic
A tool that can be used for profiling, intrusion detection, networking forensics, and compliance
Supported in vSphere 5.0 on distributed virtual switches (dvSwitches)
What Is NetFlow?
NetFlowcollector
dvSwitchenabled
for NetFlow
ESXihosts
network flow data
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A network flow is a unidirectional sequence of packets, each packet sharing a common set of properties.
NetFlow captures two types of flows: Internal flow – Represents intrahost virtual machine traffic
External flow – Represents interhost virtual machine traffic and physical machine–to–virtual machine traffic
Flow records are sent to a NetFlow collector for analysis.
ESXihosts
Network Flows
network flow records
physicalhost
NetFlowcollector
internal flow external flows
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52 /52 / Network Flow Analysis
Network flow data is sent to a third-party NetFlow collector, which:
Accepts and stores network flow records Includes a storage system for long-term storage of flow-based data:
You can investigate and isolate excessive network bandwidth utilization, bottlenecks, and unexpected application traffic.
You can view historical records to diagnose the cause of these outages or breaches.
Mines, aggregates, and reports on the collected data: You can analyze network traffic by rate, volume, utilization.
You can analyze trends in virtual machine and host traffic.
network flow records
NetFlowcollectordvSwitch IP
address:192.168.10.24
NetFlowcollector IP address:172.20.10.100
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53 /53 /
1. Configure NetFlow on the dvSwitch.
2. Enable or disable NetFlow on a distributed port group, a specific port, or at the uplink.
Configuring NetFlow on a dvSwitch
Networking inventory view > select dvSwitch >
Configuration tab > Edit Settings
link.
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54 /54 /
Port mirroring is a technology that duplicates network packets of a switch port (source) to another port (destination).
The source’s traffic is monitored at the destination.
Port mirroring is used:
To assist in troubleshooting As input for network analysis
appliances
Many network switch vendors implement port mirroring in their products.
vSphere 5.1 supports port mirroring on a dvSwitch:
Used to monitor virtual machine traffic
What Is Port Mirroring?
VM A VM B VM C
sourceport
destinationport
normal trafficmirrored traffic
dvSwitch
host
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55 /55 /Creating Port Mirroring Session: General
Properties
To create a port mirroring session, specify general properties and optional session details.
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56 /56 /Creating Port Mirroring Session: Source and
Destination
Traffic direction for the source can be one of the following: Ingress – Traffic from source VM to dvSwitch is mirrored. Egress – Traffic from dvSwitch to source VM is mirrored. Both – Both ingress and egress traffic are mirrored.
For the port mirroring session, select a destination type:
Port – One or more port IDs
Uplink – One or more uplinks
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57 /57 /Network I/O Control Enhancements in vSphere
5.x
Network I/O control in vSphere 5.x has been enhanced to allow:
User-defined resource pools Quality-of-service (802.1p)
tagging
Mgmt NFS iSCSI
vMotion FT
dvSwitch
port group
10 GigE
port group
user-defined resource pools system resource pools
port group
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58 /58 / User-Defined Network Resource Pools
Limits, shares, and QoS priority tag are displayed for each network resource pool.
Networking inventory view > select dvSwitch >
Resource Allocation tab.
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59 /59 /Configuring a User-Defined Network Resource
Pool
Select dvSwitch > Resource Allocation tab > New Network
Resource Pool link.
Select dvSwitch > Resource Allocation tab > Manage Port Groups link.
QoS priority
tag
Network priority
Traffic characteristics
1 0 (lowest) Background
None (0) 1 Best Effort
2 2 Excellent Effort
3 3 Critical Applications
4 4 Video, < 100 ms latency
5 5 Voice, < 10 ms latency
6 6 Internetwork Control
7 7 (highest) Network Control
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Standards-based link aggregation method Automatic negotiation between virtual and physical switches Key advantages of this feature are:
Plug and play
Detection of link failures and cabling mistakes and automatic reconfiguration of links
Limitations of LACP: Works with only IP Hash load balancing and Link Status Network failover detection
Is incompatible with iSCSI software multipathing
Is affected by vSphere support of only one LACP group per distributed switch, and only one LACP group per host
Does not exist in host profiles
Does not work between two nested ESXi hosts
Does not work with port mirroring
Link Aggregation Control Protocol
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61 /61 / Enabling LACP
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Can be used to Identify and troubleshoot configuration errors in vSphere distributed switches
Available only on ESXi 5.1 distributed switches Prevents common configuration errors:
Mismatched VLAN trunks between virtual switch and physical switch
Mismatched MTU setting between vNIC, virtual switch, physical adapter, and physical switch ports
Mismatched teaming configurations
Network Health Check
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63 /63 / Enabling Network Health Check
Reports the status of distributed uplink ports and VLAN ranges
Checks configuration mismatch between ESXi and the physical switch used in the teaming policy
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Create backups for network configurations and restore it later.
Export : Backup virtual data switch and portgroup configuration asynchronously on disk
Restore: Restore virtual data switch and portgroup from a backup. Saved configuration can be used as template to create VDS in any
other deployment.
Exporting and Restoring
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65 /65 / Exporting Configurations
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66 /66 / Restoring Configurations
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Introduced in vSphere 5.1 Detects any configuration changes in the management network Does not enable the changes to take effect by rolling back to
previous valid configuration The rollbacks are triggered by:
Host networking misconfigurations
Distributed switch misconfigurations
Automatic Rollback
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Beneficial for users who want to offload I/O processing to the adapters and reduce network latency
Standard that enables one PCI express (PCIe) adapter to be presented as multiple, separate logical I/O devices
Support: Adapters: Intel and Emulex
Guest OS: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1, Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (SP1)
Limitation: vSphere vMotion, vSphere FT, and vSphere HA features are not available to the customers when this feature is selected.
Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) Support
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Restricted mobility (limited by smaller broadcast domain ) Multitenancy and scale up is a challenge (VLANs limited to 4096
today) VLAN and IP address
management limitations
VLAN Limitations
VXLAN enables creation of on-demand logical networks independent of physical topology.
Web
app
DB
DMZ
Compute cluster B
Compute cluster A
Web
VXLAN fabric
Web tier needs to expand?Capacity ?
IP address ?Network ?
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Provides cluster mobility Enables provisioning
workload where compute is available. Avoids operational heaviness of VLANs
Provisions large number of tenants
Enables stateful movement of workloads (vMotion anywhere)
VXLAN: Advantage
VLAN: 100
VXLAN: Dev
VXLAN
Distributed switch
Distributed switch Note: VXLAN is a part of vCloud Networking and Security (vCNS), which is not included in vSphere
www.thalesgroup.com
THALES GROUP INTERNAL
Storage Management
Module 4
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Lesson 1: Enhancements to Storage Functionality
Lesson 2: New Storage Functionality
Module Lessons
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Lesson 1:Enhancements to Storage
Functionality
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After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
Discuss vSphere Storage vMotion enhancements. Describe new primitives for VMware vSphere® Storage APIs - Array
Integration (VAAI ). Describe enhancements to solid-state disk (SSD) support.
Learner Objectives
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vSphere 5.x supports the Storage vMotion migration of:
A virtual machine that has snapshots A virtual machine that uses linked clones
Storage vMotion is the underlying technology for the vSphere 5.1 feature, Storage DRS.
Storage DRS is further discussed in module 6, “Scalability.”
In vSphere 5.x, Storage vMotion uses a new mirroring architecture.
The changed-block tracking mechanism is not used.
In vSphere 5.x, Storage vMotion performs up to 4 parallel disk migrations per Storage vMotion operation.
What’s New with Storage vMotion?
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76 /76 / Mirroring Architecture of Storage vMotion
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In previous versions, Storage vMotion used to copy virtual disks serially. In vSphere 5.1 Storage vMotion performs up to four parallel disk
migrations per Storage vMotion operation. The limitations for concurrent instances of Storage vMotion are:
Two per host
Eight per datastore
Four Parallel Disk Migrations
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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VAAI was introduced in vSphere 4.1.
The goal of VAAI is to help storage vendors provide hardware assistance to accelerate VMware I/O operations that are more efficiently accomplished in the storage hardware.
In vSphere 5.x, new VAAI primitives are available to storage vendors:
VAAI: Hardware Acceleration for NAS: Allows NAS arrays to integrate with vSphere to transparently offload certain storage operations
to the array
This integration significantly reduces the CPU overhead on the host.
VAAI: Hardware Acceleration for Thin Provisioning: Allows the monitoring of space on thin-provisioned storage arrays
This functionality helps to prevent out-of-space conditions and to perform space reclamation.
What’s New with VAAI?
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SSD is supported in VMware ESXi™ 4.1. In ESXi 5.x, the VMkernel can automatically detect, tag, and enable an SSD.
Use the VMware vSphere® Client™ to identify an SSD.
What’s New with SSD?
ESXi host’s Storage panelon the Summary tab
By knowing which storage is SSD, you can use that storage for: Quicker Storage
vMotion migrations among hosts that share the sameSSD
Improving a virtual machine’s performance by placing its swap fileon it
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Lesson 2:New Storage Functionality
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81 /81 / Software FCoE Adapter
convergednetworkadapter
network
driver
FCdriver
VMware ESX®/ESXi host
network
driver
softwareFC
ESXi 5.x host
NICwith FCoEsupport
enhancedEthernet
fabric
hardware FCoE(supported in vSphere 4.1)
software FCoE(new in vSphere 5.x)
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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82 /82 / Configuring Software FCoE: Create VMkernel Port
Step 1. Connect the VMkernel to physical FCoE NICs installed on your host.
VMkernel ports
vmnic2 vmnic3
Physical adapter: vmnic2VMkernel label: FCoE-2
VLAN ID: 20IP address: 172.17.12.150
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Physical adapter: vmnic3VMkernel label: FCoE-3
VLAN ID: 30IP address: 172.17.12.151
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
NICs withFCoE support
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Step 2. Add the software FCoE adapter.
Configuring Software FCoE: Activate Software FCoE Adapter
Select host > Configuration tab > Storage Adapters link > Add.
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Host can boot from an FCoE LUN without requiring a dedicated FCoE HBA.
Assists diskless blade servers to boot from SAN. Most of the configuration is done in the Option ROM of the Network
Interface Card. Suitable NICs contain one of the following:
FCoE Boot Firmware Table (FBFT), Intel proprietary
FCoE Boot Parameter Table (FBPT), VMware proprietary
The previous tables enable the VMkernel to access FCoE boot parameters set in the BIOS of the Network Interface Card.
Boot Support for Software FCoE
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VMware vSphere® Storage Appliance (VSA) is a virtual appliance that provides small and medium businesses with the benefits of VMware vSphere® vMotion® and VMware vSphere High Availability without requiring shared storage.
VSA runs on an ESXi host. A VSA cluster is a group of ESXi hosts, each running its own VSA instance.
A VSA cluster enables the following features: Shared datastores for all hosts in the cluster vMotion and vSphere HA Datastore replication Hardware and software failover capabilities
VSA is an alternative to SAN storage. A SAN system provides a centralized array of storage. A VSA cluster provides a distributed array of storage.
VMware vSphere Storage Appliance
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86 /86 / VSA Architecture
VMware vCenter Server™ 5.1
datastore1
datastore2
VOL 1replica
VOL 2replica
VOL 1 VOL 2
VSA cluster with two ESXi hosts
ESXi hosts(VSA cluster
members)
VSA cluster leader
VSA VSA
VSA Manager VSA cluster service
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VMware vSphere® VMFS-5 is a new version of the virtual machine file system that offers improved scalability and performance.
The datastore and a single extent can be greater than 2TB. The maximum datastore size is 64TB.
Pass-through raw device mappings (RDMs) can be greater than 2TB. Maximum size is 64TB.
The maximum file size remains at 2TB.
Newly created VMFS-5 datastores use a 1MB file block size only. The file system subblock size is 8KB. Data of small files (less than or equal to 1KB) is stored directly in
the file descriptor. GUID Partition Table replaces Master Boot Record.
GPT provides the ability to create VMFS-5 volumes greater than 2TB.
VMFS-5
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88 /88 / Creating a VMFS-5 Datastore
Select host > Configuration tab > Storage link > Add Storage.
New in ESXi 5.x, you can choose between version 5 and version
3.
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89 /89 / Upgrading to a VMFS-5 Datastore
Select host > Configuration tab > select VMFS-3 datastore > click Upgrade to
VMFS-5 link.
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90 /90 /
In vSphere 5.1, the maximum number of hosts that can share a file on a VMFS has been increased from 8 to 32.
This increase makes VMFS-5 as scalable as NFS for VDI deployments and vCloud Director deployments.
Increasing VMFS File Sharing Limits
VMFS-5
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VASA allows a storage vendor to develop a software component (a VASA provider) for its storage arrays.
A VASA provider gets information from the storage array about available storage topology, capabilities, and state.
VASA
storagedevice
vCenterServer
5.1
VASAprovider
vSphereClient
vCenter Server connects to a VASA
provider.
Information from the VASA provider
is displayed in the VMware vSphere®
Client™.
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VASA providers benefit vSphere administrators by:
Allowing administrators to be aware of the topology, capabilities, and state of the physical storage devices on which their virtual machines are located
Allowing them to monitor the health and usage of their physical storage devices
Assisting administrators in choosing the right storage in terms of space, performance, and service-level agreement requirements: Done by using virtual machine storage profiles
Benefits Provided by VASA Providers
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Select Home > Administration > Storage Providers.
After adding a storage provider,the VASA provider is listed
in the Vendor Providers pane.
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Profile-driven storage enables the creation of datastores that provide varying levels of service.
Profile-driven storage can be used to do the following:
Categorize datastores based on system-defined or user-defined levels of service: For example, user-defined
levels might be gold, silver, and bronze.
Provision a virtual machine’s disks on “correct” storage
Check that virtual machines comply with user-defined storage requirements
Profile-Driven Storage
gold silver bronze uncategorized
not compliantcompliant
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Storage capabilities:
System defined – From VASA providers User-defined
Storage Capabilities
VASAprovider 2 –
SYSTEMCAPABILITIES
datastore A –USER-DEFINEDCAPABILITIES
vCenter Server 5.1
VASAprovider 1 –
SYSTEM CAPABILITIES
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Virtual machine storage profiles:
Contain one or more storage capabilities
Are associated with one or more virtual machines
Can be used to test that virtual machines reside on compliant storage
Virtual Machine Storage Profiles
VASAprovider 2 –
SYSTEMCAPABILITIES
datastore A –USER-DEFINEDCAPABILITIES
VASAprovider 1 –
SYSTEM CAPABILITIES
virtual machinestorage profiles
compliantnot
compliantcompliant
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To configure profile-driven storage:
View existing storage capabilities. (Optional) Create user-defined storage capabilities. Associate user-defined storage capabilities with a datastore or
datastore cluster. Enable the VM Storage Profiles function on a host or cluster. Create a virtual machine storage profile. Associate a virtual machine storage profile with a virtual machine.
Overview of Steps for Configuring Profile-Driven Storage
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Use the virtual machine storage profile when you create, clone, or migrate a virtual machine.
Using the Virtual Machine Storage Profile
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99 /99 / Checking Virtual Machine Storage Compliance
After clicking the Check Compliance Now link
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The latency thresholds for the SIOC is set by using the injector-based models. Through device modeling, SIOC determines the peak throughput.
It then measures the peak latency value when the throughput is at its peak.
The threshold is then set by default to 90 percent of this value.
The administrator still has the option to manually set the congestion threshold.
Storage I/O Control (SIOC): Automatic Threshold
www.thalesgroup.com
THALES GROUP INTERNAL
Scalability and Security
Module 5
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Lesson 1:Scalability
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In previous vSphere versions, when a resource pool is created directly on a VMware ESXi™ host, that host alone holds the resource pool settings.
In vSphere 5.1, VMware vCenter Server™ has complete control over resource pools, regardless of where the resource pool is created.
The change in control allows an autodeployed host to use resource pools. If vCenter Server is down, the host can get its configuration from a VMware vSphere® Auto Deploy server.
What’s New with Resource Pools?
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New features in vMotion include: Multi-NIC support of up to:
Four 10Gbps NICs
Sixteen 1Gbps NICs
Support for higher latency links: Up to 10 milliseconds
Improved error reporting Reduced application overhead:
When a guest operating system writes to a memory page during a vMotion operation, the virtual machine is forced to sleep.
The goal is to keep changed memory as small as possible when performing a vMotion operation.
What’s New with vMotion?
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Enhanced vMotion capabilities
Merging vMotion and Storage vMotion into a single operation Migrating between hosts and clusters without shared storage
Enhanced vMotion
VMware ESXi VMware ESXi
layer 2 network
vCenter
Server
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Single migration for changing both host and datastore
Hosts must be managed by the same vCenter Server. Hosts must be part of the same datacenter. Hosts must be on the same layer-2 network (and the same switch if
VDS is used).
Operational considerations
Enhanced vMotion is a manual process. DRS and SDRS do not leverage enhanced vMotion.
A maximum of two concurrent enhanced vMotion instances can be enabled per host. Enhanced vMotion instances count when you are considering concurrent limitations
for both vMotion and Storage vMotion.
Enhanced vMotion leverages multi-NIC when available.
Enhanced vMotion Considerations
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Enhanced vMotion is available only in the vSphere Web Client.
Enhanced vMotion and the vSphere Client
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A datastore cluster is a collection of datastores that are grouped together without functioning together.
A datastore cluster enabled for Storage DRS is a collection of datastores working together to balance: Capacity IOPS latency
What Is a Datastore Cluster?
datastorecluster
2TB
500GB 500GB 500GB 500GB
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General rules for datastore clusters (with or without Storage DRS): Datastores from different arrays can be added to the same datastore
cluster. LUNs from arrays of different types can adversely affect performance if they are not
equally performing LUNs.
Datastore clusters must contain “like” or interchangeable datastores.
A datastore cluster can contain one or more NFS datastores. Datastore clusters support only ESXi 5.x hosts.
Rules specific to datastore clusters enabled for Storage DRS: Do not mix VMware vSphere® VMFS and NFS datastores in the same
datastore cluster. Do not mix replicated datastores with nonreplicated datastores. You can mix VMFS-3 and VMFS-5 datastores in the same datastore
cluster.
Datastore Cluster Rules
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The relationship between a VMware vSphere® High Availability/VMware vSphere® Distributed Resource Scheduler cluster and a datastore cluster can be one to one, one to many, or many to many.
Relationship of Host Cluster to Datastore Cluster
datastore cluster datastore clusters datastore clusters
host cluster host cluster host clustershost host
one to one one to many many to many
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Storage DRS provides the following functions: Initial placement of virtual machines based on storage capacity Use of vSphere Storage vMotion to migrate virtual machines based
on storage capacity Use of Storage vMotion to migrate virtual machines based on I/O
latency Configuration in either manual or fully automated modes Use of affinity and anti-affinity rules to govern virtual disk location Use of fully automated, storage maintenance mode to clear a LUN
of virtual machine files
Storage DRS Overview
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When virtual machines are created, cloned, or migrated: You select a datastore cluster, rather than a single datastore.
Storage DRS selects a member datastore based on capacity and on I/O operations per second (IOPS) load.
By default, a virtual machine’s VMDK files are placed on the same datastore in the datastore cluster. Storage DRS affinity and anti-affinity rules can be created to
change this behavior.
Initial Disk Placement
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Migration recommendations are executed: When the IOPS response time is exceeded When the space utilization threshold is exceeded
Space utilization is checked every five minutes.
IOPS load history is checked every eight hours.
Storage DRS selects a datastore based on utilization and IOPS load.
Load balancing is based on IOPS workload, which ensures that no datastore exceeds a particular VMkernel IOPS latency level.
Migration Recommendations
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114 /114 /Configuration of Storage DRS Migration
Thresholds
Option for including
IOPS latency in balancing
Advancedsettings
for latency
thresholds
Configuration settings for utilized space and
latency thresholds
Datastores and Datastore Clusters inventory view > right-click datacenter > New Datastore Cluster.
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datastore cluster
Intra-VM VMDK affinity
Keep a virtual machine’s
VMDKs together on the same
datastore.
Maximize virtual machine
availability when all disks are
needed in order to run.
Rule is on by default for all
virtual machines.
Intra-VM VMDKanti-affinity
Keep a virtual machines’s
VMDKs on different
datastores.
Rule can be applied to all
or a subset of a virtual
machine’s disks.
datastore cluster
VM anti-affinity
Keep virtual machines on
different datastores.
Rule is similar to the DRS
anti-affinity rule.
Maximize availability of a
set of redundant virtual
machines.
datastore cluster
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Select the host cluster that will use the datastore cluster. If no host clusters are created, the user can select individual ESXi
hosts to use the datastore cluster.
Adding Hosts to a Datastore Cluster
Datastores and Datastore Clusters inventory view > right-click datacenter >
New Datastore Cluster.
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Select the datastores to add to the datastore cluster.
Adding Datastores to the Datastore Cluster
VMware recommends selecting datastores
that all hosts can access.
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A panel on the datastore cluster’s Summary tab displays the Storage DRS settings.
Storage DRS Summary Information
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Use the Storage DRS tab to monitor for migration recommendations.
Storage DRS Migration Recommendations
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Storage DRS maintenance mode allows you to take a datastore out of use in order to service it.
Storage DRS maintenance mode: Evacuates virtual machines from a datastore placed in maintenance
mode. Registered virtual machines (on or off) are moved. Templates and unregistered virtual machines are not moved.
Storage DRS Maintenance Mode
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Backing up virtual machines can add latency to a datastore.
You can schedule a task to disable Storage DRS behavior for the duration of the backup.
Backups and Storage DRS
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122 /122 / Storage DRS Compatibility
Feature or product Supported/Not supported
VMware snapshots Supported
RDM pointer files Supported
NFS Supported
ESXi 3.x and 4.x hosts Not supported
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Storage I/O Control allows clusterwide storage I/O prioritization. Storage I/O Control was introduced in vSphere 4.1. In vSphere 5.0, Storage I/O Control is supported on NFS
datastores. Storage I/O Control is used when I/O load balancing is enabled in a
datastore cluster enabled for Storage DRS.
What’s New with Storage I/O Control?
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Storage DRS and Storage I/O Control are complementary solutions:
Storage I/O Control is enabled by default on datastore clusters enabled for Storage DRS. Storage DRS works to avoid I/O bottlenecks.
Storage I/O Control manages unavoidable I/O bottlenecks.
Storage I/O Control works in real time. Storage DRS does not use real-time latency to calculate load
balancing. Storage DRS and Storage I/O Control provide you with the
performance that you need in a shared environment, without having to massively overprovision storage.
Storage DRS and Storage I/O Control
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If datastores are backed by the same physical spindles, Storage DRS can detect the datastore correlation.
Detection of the datastore correlation was previously performed by VASA, but these results are now augmented with the automatically detected conditions.
Helps Storage DRS determine where to move a virtual machine.
Storage DRS: Datastore Correlation Detector
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A new metric for I/O latency monitoring for each datastore. I/O latency is measured as the time between:
I/O leaving ESX host and response coming back: vSphere 5.1
Receiving an I/O request from the VM and getting I/O response back from the datastore, and includes queuing delay (wait time) in the host.: vSphere 5.1
This metric also is included in the SIOC performance charts in the vSphere UI.
Storage DRS: VMobservedLatency
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Lesson 2:Security
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Securing datacenters: vShield Edge
Securing OS: vShield Endpoint
Securing application: vShield App
Securing platform:VMware Platform Security
VMware Security Strategy
vSphere 5.1
private cloud public cloud
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129 /129 / vShield Endpoint Overview
USE
Overview
Benefits
• ESXi service installed on host• Offloads AV, DLP, and IDS processing to
a dedicated security virtual appliance• Leverages third-party solutions
• Improved performance and antivirus storms eliminated
• Rapid provisioning: deploy and patch • Reduced risk by eliminating agents
susceptible to attack• Lower cost and complexity to protect
virtual machines
Cloud Infrastructure(vSphere, vCenter, vShield, vCloud Director)
AVPartnerProduct
Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent
Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent
USEUSEUse
vShield Endpoint
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Installing and configuring vShield Manager overview
Obtain the vShield Manager OVA File.
Install the vShield Manager Virtual Appliance.
Configure the Network Settings of the vShield Manager.
Log in to the vShield Manager User Interface.
Synchronize vShield Manager with vCenter Server.
Register the vShield Manager plug-in with the vSphere Client.
Change the password of the default account for the vShield Manager user interface.
Installing and Configuring vShield Manager
See the vShield Quick Start Guide for details.
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131 /131 / vShield Endpoint Alarms
Home > Hosts and Clusters > <Object> > Alarms > Definitions36
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Home > Hosts and Clusters > <Host> > Tasks & Events > Events
Example of vShield Endpoint Events and Alarms
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133 /133 / vShield Endpoint Dashboard
www.thalesgroup.com
THALES GROUP INTERNAL
High AvailabilityModule 6
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135 /135 / vSphere 5.x Enhancements to FT
New CPU support
IntelWestmere-EX
Sandy Bridge (SNB-DT, SNB-EP, and SNB-EN)
AMD Bulldozer
New guest operating system support
Windows 7, SP1 (32-bit and 64-bit): Enterprise, Professional, Ultimate
Windows Vista, SP3 (32-bit and 64-bit): Enterprise, Business, Ultimate
Windows Server 2008 (32-bit and 64-bit)
RHEL 4.9 (32-bit and 64-bit): AS, ES, WS
RHEL 5.5 (32-bit and 64-bit): Advanced Platform
RHEL 6.0 (32-bit and 64-bit)
RHEL 6.1 (32-bit and 64-bit)
SLES 11, SP1 (32-bit and 64-bit)
SLES 10, SP4 (32-bit and 64-bit)
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Enhancements to EVC include:
Support for new Intel and AMD processor groups
Ability to support future processors
Ability to change EVC mode when host is disconnected
Validation checks run at reboot to check for BIOS changes.
vSphere 5.x Enhancements to EVC
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he p
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137 /137 /
New vSphere HA infrastructure:
Improved functionality and greater scalability Uses both network and storage as communication channels Deploys and reconfigures within seconds, regardless of cluster size Removes dependencies on commonly misconfigured services, for
example, DNS Master/slave concept, which replaces primary/secondary roles
New and improved vSphere HA features:
Management network partition support (new) Single log file for operational, day-to-day logging (improved) Syslog integration (new) Host isolation response (improved) Admission control (improved) Error and status reporting (improved)
vSphere 5.x Enhancements to vSphere HA
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
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epro
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mod
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dap
ted,
pu
blis
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, tr
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an
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in w
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138 /138 /
Master agent: Ensures the protection of virtual machines that are protected by vSphere
HA Maintains the current state of protected virtual machines and slaves:
Restarts virtual machines on slave hosts when a slave fails
Manages the list of hosts that are members of the cluster and manages the list of protected virtual machines
Informs the slaves of changes in the cluster configuration Sends heartbeats to slaves so that slaves know that the master is alive
Slave agent: Monitors on its own host the virtual machines protected by vSphere HA:
Slaves can reset virtual machines on their own host.
Slaves inform the master of power state changes.
Monitors the health of the master, and if the master should fail, the slaves participate in a new master election
Responsibilities of the Master and Slave Agents
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
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d, a
dap
ted,
pu
blis
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, tr
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139 /139 /vSphere HA Architecture: Master and Slave
Agents
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
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ced,
mod
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dap
ted,
pu
blis
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, tr
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an
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ater
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in w
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or
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hird
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with
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issi
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of T
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s.©
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140 /140 /vSphere HA Architecture: Virtual Machine
Protection
VM A (protected)
TMPL 1
VM B
VM D (protected)
VM C
VM E (protected)
slavehost
slavehost
masterhost
management network
vCenterServer
shareddatastores
list of protected virtual machines
powered on by a user
powered off by a user
vSphereHA
cluster
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
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dap
ted,
pu
blis
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, tr
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an
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to a
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of T
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s.©
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141 /141 / vSphere HA Architecture: Network Heartbeats
slavehost
slavehost
masterhost
managementnetworks
vCenterServer
shareddatastores
TMPL 1
VM A
VM E
VM C
VM D
VM B
vSphereHA
cluster
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
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ced,
mod
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dap
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issi
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of T
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s.©
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142 /142 / vSphere HA Architecture: Datastore Heartbeats
slavehost
slavehost
masterhost
managementnetworks
vCenterServer
heartbeat datastores
TMPL 1
VM A
VM E
VM C
VM D
VM B
NAS/NFS VMFS VMFS
vSphereHA
cluster
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
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dap
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pu
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, tr
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issi
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of T
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s.©
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143 /143 / Scenario 1: Failed Slave Host
vCenterServer
VM A (protected)
TMPL 1
VM B (protected)
VM D (protected)
VM C (protected)
VM E (protected)
slavehost
slavehost
masterhost??
heartbeat datastores
NAS/NFS VMFS VMFS
managementnetworks
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
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ced,
mod
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dap
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blis
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of T
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s.©
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144 /144 / Scenario 2: Failed Master Host
vCenterServer
heartbeat datastores
NAS/NFS VMFS VMFS
managementnetworks
A new master host is elected.
The new master host
restarts VM C and VM E on
other hosts in the cluster.
VM A (protected)
TMPL 1
VM B (protected)
VM D (protected)
VM C (protected)
VM E (protected)
master host(moid = 100)
slave host(moid = 99)
slave host(moid = 98) ?
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
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ced,
mod
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dap
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, tr
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issi
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of T
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s.©
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145 /145 / Scenario 3: Isolated Host
VM A (protected)
TMPL 1
VM B (protected)
VM D (protected)
VM C (protected)
VM E (protected)
default gateway(isolation address)
heartbeat datastores
NAS/NFS VMFS VMFS
management networks
masterhost
slavehost
slavehost
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
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dap
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blis
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issi
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of T
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s.©
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146 /146 / Scenario 4: Network Partition
default gateway(isolation address)
VM A
TMPL 1
masterhost 1
VM C
VM D
slavehost 1
VM E
VM F
slavehost 2
VM G
VM H
slavemaster 2
vCenterServer
Only one master host communicates with vCenter Server.
partition A
partition B
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
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ced,
mod
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dap
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blis
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of T
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s.©
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147 /147 / vSphere HA Cluster Information
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
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ced,
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dap
ted,
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perm
issi
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of T
hale
s.©
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148 /148 /Changes to vSphere HA Admission Control
Policies
Percentage of cluster resources per CPU and per
memory
Multiple failover hosts
allowed
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
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epro
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dap
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of T
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149 /149 / vSphere HA System Files
System file Description File location
fdm.cfg FDM configuration file
On each host: /etc/opt/vmware/fdm
hostlist List of hosts participating in the cluster
compatlist Host–to–virtual machine compatibility matrix
clusterconfig Configuration file for the cluster
host-X-hb Lock file for detecting host liveness On each heartbeat
datastorehost-X-poweron Used for host isolation response
to virtual machines
protectedlist List of protected virtual machinesOn all datastores with protected virtual machines
fdm.log vSphere HA log file On each host: /var/log/fdm.log
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
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epro
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dap
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150 /150 / vSphere Replication
vSphere vSphere
source target
vSphere replication
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is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
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epro
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151 /151 / Replication Appliance
Standard OVF virtual
appliance
Delivered with the vSphere
platform
Bundled with most vSphere
editions
vSphere Replication Appliance
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
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epro
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152 /152 / Full Integration with vSphere Web Client
Single interface and common management
Designed to integrate with other products
Does not require “console hopping”
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is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
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dap
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ater
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153 /153 /
Only vSphere 5.x can be replicated by using VR. VR is managed only by vSphere 5.1 Web Client. vSphere Replication cannot co-exist with the vSphere Replication
pieces originally shipped with SRM 5.0. Although both Storage DRS and Storage vMotion are supported, they
can cause certain scenarios that must be managed.
Supported Product Versions
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
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epro
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154 /154 / How Replication Works
Deploy and configure VR components
Pair with a destination
Configure VR for a single VM*
* RPO, Target Datastore, and Target Folder or Resource pool must be defined.
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
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155 /155 / Only Changed Blocks Replicated
After ensuring that data is consistent on both sites
VR Agent tracks all changing blocks by way of vSCSI filter
Changed blocks replicated as per RPO
AII B CI DI E A B C D E
Source disk
Target disk
A C D
tcp/44046
Disks are always consistent.
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
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dap
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156 /156 /
VSS writer integration
Works by way of VMware Tools
Quiescent Applications with vSphere Replication
Integrates with VSS and application writers for consistent applications.
]
Creates quiescent copies of virtual machines including apps.
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
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epro
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ater
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of T
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s.©
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157 /157 / Single-Site vSphere Replication Architecture
Storage
vSphere Client
Storage
VMDK1 (VMDK1)
VR Appliance
vCenter Server
Delta
NFC
Replication configured by way of
client
Agents track changes and send blocks to the VR appliance
VR Appliance
writes blocks to
disk by way of NFC
vSphere
VR Agent
vSphere
VR Agent
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
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Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
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dap
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ater
ial f
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158 /158 / Remote Offices Replicating with a Single VC
storageStorage
vSphere Client
storage
VR Applianc
e
vCenter Server
vSphere
VRA
vSpherevSphere
VRA
vSphere
storage
VMDK3
vSpherevSphere
VRA VRA
VRA VRA
(VMDK1) (VMDK2) (VMDK3)
VMDK1
VMDK2
VR Server
VR Server
NFC NFC
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
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dap
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ater
ial f
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159 /159 / Main Datacenter Replicating to Remote Offices
storageStorage
vSphere Client
storage
VR Applianc
e
vCenter Server
vSphere
VRA
vSphere
vSphere
VRA
vSphere
storage
VMDK3
vSphere
vSphere
NFC NFC
NFC NFC
(VMDK1)
(VMDK2) (VMDK3)VMDK1 VMDK2
VR Server
VR Server
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
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dap
ted,
pu
blis
hed
, tr
ansl
ate
d in
an
y m
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ial f
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in w
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in p
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nor
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160 /160 / Four Steps for Full Recovery
Right-click, select “Recover”
Select a target folder
Select a target resource
Click Finish
Validates your choices as you go
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
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t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
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dap
ted,
pu
blis
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, tr
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d in
an
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to a
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with
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perm
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of T
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s.©
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161 /161 / vSphere Replication and SRM
SRM users can choose to use array
replication and vSphere Replication.
If VR is already installed and
configured, SRM will use it when it is
installed.
Alternately you can install VR as part of
the SRM install.
Choice of replication options for SRM
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
d, a
dap
ted,
pu
blis
hed
, tr
ansl
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d in
an
y m
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in w
hole
or
in p
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nor
dis
clo
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to a
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hird
par
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with
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wri
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perm
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of T
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162 /162 /Building a Foundation for Disaster Recovery with
SRM
vSphere Replication is simply protection. SRM is disaster recovery.
Common functionality
Replication engine
Application quiescence
VR unique functions
Next-generation web client
SRM specific functions
Full DR Orchestration Recovery planning
Repeatable, nonintrusive testing
Grouping of protected VMs
Parallel recovery of VMs or groups of VMs
Full site or partial site failover
Reprotection and failback Automation and APIs
Works with array replication Reporting and more
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
d, a
dap
ted,
pu
blis
hed
, tr
ansl
ate
d in
an
y m
ater
ial f
orm
in w
hole
or
in p
art
nor
dis
clo
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to a
ny t
hird
par
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with
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perm
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163 /163 /
Easy, disk-based backup and recovery solution for VMs
Preconfigured virtual machine appliance Agent-less, Web-based backup and recovery management Patented deduplication technology Entire virtual machine and file-level restores Included with all versions of VMware vSphere (except vSphere
Essentials)
VMware vSphere Data Protection
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
d, a
dap
ted,
pu
blis
hed
, tr
ansl
ate
d in
an
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ater
ial f
orm
in w
hole
or
in p
art
nor
dis
clo
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to a
ny t
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perm
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of T
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s.©
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164 /164 /
Virtual Machine Appliance
Linux VM .ova package Easy, fast deployment
vSphere infrastructure
Changed block tracking VSS in VMware Tools
Appliance storage sizes
.5TB, 1TB, 2TB
vCenter integration
Manage by way of Web client
vSphere Data Protection Key Components
VMware vSphere VMware vSphere
vCenter ServervSphere Web
Client
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
d, a
dap
ted,
pu
blis
hed
, tr
ansl
ate
d in
an
y m
ater
ial f
orm
in w
hole
or
in p
art
nor
dis
clo
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to a
ny t
hird
par
ty
with
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he p
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wri
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perm
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of T
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s.©
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165 /165 /
VDP Appliance
4 vCPUs, 4GB RAM 850GB, 1.6TB, or 3.1TB SLES 11 64-bit
vCenter Server 5.1
vSphere 4.0 or later
VDP Architecture
Deduplication store (.vmdk files)
VMware vSphere
vCenter Server
vSphere Data Protection
vSphere Web Client
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
d, a
dap
ted,
pu
blis
hed
, tr
ansl
ate
d in
an
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ater
ial f
orm
in w
hole
or
in p
art
nor
dis
clo
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to a
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par
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with
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of T
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166 /166 /
After installation, the VDP-configure utility is in maintenance mode.
Status - Services and logs Configuration - Network, vCenter and system settings Rollback - Roll back repository of backups (more on this later) Upgrade - Upgrade VDP appliance
VDP Deployment and Configuration
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
d, a
dap
ted,
pu
blis
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, tr
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in w
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or
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nor
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to a
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par
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with
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perm
issi
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of T
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s.©
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167 /167 / Create Backup Job
Select objects - containers (data
center, folder, clusters, and so on) and individual VMs
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
d, a
dap
ted,
pu
blis
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, tr
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ial f
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or
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nor
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to a
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issi
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of T
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s.©
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168 /168 / Restoring a Virtual Machine
THALES GROUP INTERNALTRN : 0001-0007610082 rev 001 – date 05/11/2013
Thales Global Services / Modèle : 83150233-DOC-TGS-EN-001
Th
is d
ocu
men
t is
not
to b
e r
epro
du
ced,
mod
ifie
d, a
dap
ted,
pu
blis
hed
, tr
ansl
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d in
an
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ial f
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in w
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or
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nor
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to a
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with
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of T
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169 /169 /
Restore individual files from backup.
vSphere Data Protection Restore Client http://<VDP ip address>:8580/flr
VMware Tools must be installed. Windows NTFS and Linux LVM, ext2, ext3 supported (basic disks)
File Level Restore (FLR)
View all restore points or filter by date