Agricultural R&D Trends and Challenges in Mozambique

Antonieta Nhamusso Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique (IIAM)

Transformation of Agri-food Systems and Commercialization of Smallholder Agriculture in Mozambique: Evidence, Challenges and Implications Maputo | 9–10 December, 2013

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

INTRUDUCTION ASTI PURPOSE BACKGROUND ASTI- IIAM COLLABORATION

AGRICULTURAL R&D MAIN FINDINGS TRENDS MAIN CHALLANGES

INTRODUCTION

Why S&T indicators? • Formulating policy; Setting priorities • Understanding strategic planning, M&E • Provide information for governments, policy research

institutes, universities and private sector organizations involved in agricultural S&T;

ASTI is an initiative of IFPRI with a mandate to : • Compile, process, analyze, and publicize data on

institutional developments, investments, and capacity in agricultural R&D at national, regional, and international levels

Background: ASTI-IIAM collaborative study

• Purpose of the study: to identify recent trends relating to financial and human resources for agricultural R&D

• First joint survey round conducted in 2009 provided data from 2004-2008

• Country note published in 2010

• Longer term collaborative agreement signed in 2012 to institutionalize data collection

• 2nd survey round conducted in 2012 provided data from 2009-2011

• Country factsheet published in 2013 (Portuguese version coming soon)

• 3rd survey round to begin in 2014 will collect data from 2012-2013

Financial Resources

Human Resources

Trends

Agricultural R&D spending

0.0

4.6

9.2

13.7

18.3

22.9

27.5

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Million 2005 PPP dollars M

illio

n 20

05 m

etic

ais

IIAM IIP Higher education

Allocation of spending across cost categories at IIAM

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

IIAM

spen

ding

by

cost

cat

egor

y

(mill

ion

2005

met

icai

s)

Salaries Operating & program costs Capital investments

High share of donor funding at IIAM

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

IIAM

fund

ing

sour

ces

(m

illio

n 20

05 m

etic

ais )

Government Donor

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Government funding 38 32 35 42 44 38 44 60

Donor funding 62 68 65 58 56 62 56 40

IIAM and IIP Funding shares (%)

Research Intensity Ratios

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

FTE researchers per thousand farmers

Spen

ding

as a

shar

e of

AgG

DP

Spending as a share of AgGDP FTE researchers per thousand farmers

Trends

Financial Resources

Human Resources

Institutional profile, 2011

Name of agency

Number of full-time

equivalent researchers

Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique (IIAM) 210.0

Instituto de Investigação Pesqueira (IIP) 38.0

Instituto Superior Politécnico de Gaza 12.6

Instituto Superior Politécnico de Manica 15.5

Universidade Eduardo Mondlane

Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal 20.7

Faculdade de Veterinária 13.5

Escola Superior de Ciências Marinhas e Costeiras 3.3

Total 313.6

Researcher trends

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Num

ber o

f FTE

rese

arch

ers

(FTE

s)

IIAM IIP Higher education (5)

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Rese

arch

ers

by d

egre

e (F

TEs)

PhD MSc BSc

Total public researchers

Researchers by degree

Researchers by degree by institutional category

020406080

100120140160180200220

2004 2008 2011 2004 2008 2011 2004 2008 2011

Rese

arch

ers

by d

egre

e (F

TEs)

PhD MSc BSc

IIAM IIP Higher education (5)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

<31 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60

Num

ber o

f res

earc

hers

(FTE

s)

PhD MSc BSc

Researchers by age group and degree

Female researchers by degree

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2008 2011 2008 2011 2008 2011

Num

ber o

f fem

ale

rese

arch

ers

(FTE

s)

PhD MSc BSc

IIAM IIP Higher education (5)

0

20

40

60

80

100

2008 2011 2008 2011 2008 2011 2008 2011

Shar

e of

FTE

rese

arch

ers (

%)

Crops Livestock Forestry Fisheries Natural resources Other

IIAM IIP Higher education (5)

Total

Research Focus

Policy developments affecting agricultural research

• Strategic Plan for Agriculture Sector Development

(PEDSA) • National Plan for Investments in the Agrarian Sector

(PNISA ) • IIAM Strategic Plan • Platform for Agricultural Research and Innovation

Technology (PIAIT) • Center of Leadership for rice-based cropping systems

under the Agricultural Productivity Program for Southern Africa (APPSA)

R&D Challenges

• Most of the problems related to agricultural research in

Mozambique are related to financing.

• Few resources in agriculture particularly for research investments (PNISA financial gap for research is as high as 91.2%)

• Agricultural research depends on quite volatile and short-lived external funds.

• Many younger researchers in need of training.

• Long-term results will only be achieved with sustained investment

by the government.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• Participating agricultural R&D agencies ( DT e CZ, IIP, UEM , ISPG,

ISPM, ESCMe C) for their contributions to the data collection and preparation of the country factsheet;

• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for its generous support of ASTI’s

work in Africa south of the Sahara.