Upload
kanchan-agarwal
View
1.883
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Data collection - Statistical data are a numerical statement of aggregates. Data, generally, are obtained through properly organized statistical inquiries conducted by the investigators. Data can either be from primary or secondary sources.
Citation preview
DATACOLLECTION
Data can be define as the quantitative or qualitative value of a variable (e.g. number, images, words, figures,facts or ideas)
It is a lowest unit of information from which other measurements and analysis can be done.
Data is one of the most important and vital aspect of any research study.
Introduction
Object and scope of the enquiry. Sources of information. Quantitative expression. Techniques of data collection. Unit of collection.
Factors to be Considered BeforeCollection of Data
Sources of Data
External sources
Primary data
Secondary data
Internal sources
Internal sources of Data
o Many institutions and departments have information about their regular functions,for their own internal purposes.
o When those information are used in any survey is called internal sources of data.
o Eg…social welfare socities.
External sources of data
o When information is collected from outside agencies is called external sources of data.
o Such types of data are either primary or secondary.
o This type of information can be collected by census or sampling method by conducting survey.
Internal & External Sources of Data
Data that has been collected from first-hand experiences is known as primary data.It has more reliable,authentic and not been published anywhere.
Primary data has not been changed or altered by human being,therefore its validity is greater than secondary data.
Primary Data
Methods of
collecting
primary data
Direct Personal Investigation (i.e. interview
method)
Indirect oral investigation (i.e. through
enumerators)
Investigation through local
reporters questionnaire
Investigation through mailed
questionnaire
Investigation through
observation
MeritsTargeted issued are
addressed
Data interpretation is better
High accuracy of data
Address as specific research issues
Greater control
Demerits
Evaluated cost
Time consuming
More number of resources are required
Inaccurate feedback
Required lot of skill with labour.
Primary Data
Secondary data are those that have already been collected by others.
These are usually in journals, periodicals, research publication ,official record etc.
Secondary data may be available in the published or unpublished form. When it is not possible to collect the data by primary method,the investigator go for secondary method.
This data collected for some purpose other than the problem at hand.
Secondary Data
Published Sources
International
Government
Municipal corporation
Institutional/ commercial
Unpublished sources
Method of collection secondary data
Merits
Quick and cheap source of data
Wider geographical area
Longer orientation period
Leading to find primary data
Demerits
No fulfill our specific research needs
Poor accuracy
Data are not up to date
Poor accessibility in some cases
Secondary Data
Primary data
Real time data Sure about sources of data Help to give results/ finding Costly and time consuming
process Avoid biasness of response
data More flexible
Secondary data
Past data Not sure about of sources
of data Refining the problem Cheap and no time
consuming process Can not know in data
biasness or not Less flexible
Difference b/w primary and secondary data
Kanchan Agrawalhttp://www.ezyshine.com/
Created by -