Energy

ENERGY

Forms of Energy

Kinetic energy:

Is the energy that is in motion . The force made on an

Most important property is it ability to do work oobject in the direction of

motion

The amount of Kinetic energy that an object have depends in the mass of motion and in the speed in which the mass go.

There are 3 forms of kinetic energy:

Vibrational

The Kinetic energy is compute by this Rotational

equation: KE= 1/2 · m · v2 Translational

Potential energy: It stored the energy of an object .

It measures the capacity to do work.

There are two types of potential energy.

1st: Gravitational potential energy Stored energy due to the height and weight of an object

The energy is stored as the result of the gravitational attraction of the Earth in the object

Any object that is situated at any height has gravitational potential energy

The Gravitational potential energy of an object is calculated by this formula:

PEgrav: mass· g·height

2nd: Elastic Potential Energy Energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or

compressing.

This energy can be stored in rubber, trampolines, an arrow drawn into a bow, etc.

Its formula is : PEspring: 0,5 · k · x2

Mechanical energy:

Is the energy that an object possess due

to its position or motion

An object that possesses mechanical

energy is able to do work

It is measured with this formula

ME=PE+KE

Magnetic energy Is the energy produced by metals when are attracted or repelled each

other

Thermal energy It is the energy of an object due to the movement of its

particle

This movement of the particles caused the temperature.

The faster the particles moves, the higher the temperature

Chemical energy: It is the energy stored in the chemical compounds( internal structure

of atoms and molecules)

It can be transformed into other types of energy by chemical reactions

Examples: Biomass

Petroleum

Coal

Electrical energy: It is the energy produced by charged particles in an electric field

This energy is caused by the movements of electrons.

It is the most used form of energy

Sound energy It is caused by a vibrating object

This vibration can cause waves that travel through the

gases, liquids and solids

It is measured in decibels

Light energy: This energy is produced by the movement of Photons which are the

particles that form the light

It is a type of electromagnetic radiation, and it can be also emitted by very hot objects like the Sun.

Energy is divided in two groupsRenewable

Non-renewable

energy energy

Renewable energy: Advantage and Disadvantage

Advantage: It is energy that has been obtained from natural resources, such as:

sunlight wind tides geothermal heat wood

They are constant and can quickly replenish themselves,

also called infinite energy resources

It is a clean energy not contributed to: Greenhouse effects

Climate changes

About the 19 percent of our energy consumption comes from this energy.

It is cheaper than the other energies

required less maintenance in their plants

More jobs are created to manufactured this energy

Disadvantage: solar

Energies like wind depend on the weather, and not always obtained

tides

the same amount of energy

The energy produced by renewable energies is much lower than

the amount of energy produced by non-renewable energy

The construction cost of renewable energy plants is very high,

and sometimes destroyed the environment, like dams

AdvantageEnergy DisadvantageSolar: energy

from the sunlight

capture by solar panels

•Due to it comes from the sun it is unlimited• It does not cause

pollution

• Solar panels are very expensive

• Solar energy can only be stored during

the dayWind :it uses the power of the wind to

produce electricity by wind turbines

• Once they are built they do not produce

pollution•The wind is free and the new technologies

captures it more efficiently

• Due to the wind is not constant, it

does not produce the same amount of

electricity all the time

• Wind turbines are noisy

• When they are manufactured the

produce some pollution

Energy Advantage DisadvantageHydroelectric: it is the energy from the movements of river, lakes etc.

• Dams created energy supplies and

water reserves• Dams lasted for

many years

• Dams are very expensive to built

• The construction of dams can caused

geographical problems and

destroyed the natural environment

Tidal: it is the energy from the movement of the tides

• It is an unlimited source of energy

• It does not produce greenhouse effects• Due to around of

the 70% of the planet surface is water, it produce

very big amount of energy

• The construction of tidal barrage is very

expensive• It can only stored energy when there

are tides• It has negative

effects in the underwater wildlife

Energy Advantage Disadvantage

Biomass: it is the energy from plants and animals

• It is a cheap and abundant source of

energy•Helps slow down the

used of fossil fuels

• It produced some greenhouse effects

when is burned• It is only a

renewable source of energy if the crops

are replantedGeothermal: it is the energy obtained from the hot rocks inside the earth

• Only from a few places we can

obtained this energy, and are usually far

from cities

• The supply of this energy is constant and it has no limits• This energy is not

very expensive to maintain


Wave:

• It is an unlimited source of energy

• It does not created pollution

• The amount of energy produce by waves is very big

• Wave power plant can damage the

marine ecosystem• The construction is

very expensive

Solar energy

Wind energy

Hydroelectric energy

Tidal energy

Geothermal energy

Wave energy

Non-renewable energy: Advantage and Disadvantage

Advantage: Fossil fuel like carbon is very abundant and produced a lot of energy

Technologies used for extracting fossil fuels are very develop

Power plants are cheap to maintain

and non-renewable energy is easy to transport

Disadvantage: They produced a lot of pollution and greenhouse effects

They are not unlimited, and will run out some day

Leaks of natural gas can be very dangerous because it is very difficult detected and can caused explosions

Nuclear power plant are very expensive to built and maintain and can produce radiation

The extraction of coal can be dangerous for the miner, because

inhale coal dust can cause cancer

Due to the are limited they will become more a more expensive

Non-renewable energy

Fossil FuelsEnergy Advantage Disadvantage

Coal: it is a form of non-renewable energy that is natural and comes from the Earth.

•It produce a lot of energy•There are very big amounts of coal in the world•It is the cheaper sources of non-renewable energies

•It cannot be made.•It surplus has a limit.•It produce a lot of carbon emissions and pollution that are not good for the environment •Underground coal mining can be dangerous


Petroleum: it is a form of non-renewable energy. The word petroleum means “rock oil” as it is literally a liquid that can be found within the rocks.

•It is easy to transform because it is a liquid.•It produced a lot of energy•It is easy to extract because the technologies used for extracting it are well develop

•It is a limited sources of energy, and due to its massive used, it is thought that will run out in the coming decades •The extraction of petroleum caused greenhouse effects.


Natural gas : it is a form of non-renewable energy. It is mixture of different gases especially methane.

•It caused less damage to the environment than the other 2 fossil fuels•It is easy to stored and transport •It is the most abundant fossil fuels

•Leaks of this gas can be very dangerous because it is very difficult detected and can caused explosions •When it is burned it produced greenhouse effects

Other type of non-renewable energyEnergy Advantage Disadvantage

Nuclear energy: It is the energy found in the nucleus of the atoms. It can be obtained by 2 ways nuclear fusion, and nuclear fission

•This energy does not produce carbon emissions•It produce huge amounts of energy

•It produced radiation •The construction and the maintenance of nuclear power plants is very expensive

Nuclear power plant

Petroleum

Coal

STUDENT 2

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Sources that the rate

of consumption is

than the rate of production.

Ej: ORANIUM, COAL, GAS,

PETROLEUM

FOSSIL FUELS.

Coal: grew using ENERGY from SUN.

Comes from fossilized organic material

Gas: grew using ENERGY from SUN.


Petroleum: grew using ENERGY from SUN.


NUCLAR ENERGY

Is made by manufacturing atoms. We can obtained by:

. Division of nucleus

. Union of 2 atoms

TRANSFORMATION FROM THERMAL TO MECHANICAL We use different machines:

.Steam engine . internal combustion engine

.Steam turbine: Gas engine:

STUDENT 3 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Renewable energy sources it is the consumption is lower than the rate of the production.

We have different types of renewable energy sources:

The waves the sun the tides the wind the biomass the water

The Earth heat

The Sun The solar energy comes from the sun.

And it is one of the most important source of renewable energy.

We can use the sun energy in different electronic things : solar panels Windmills Clocks

The Wind: Is also another important energy sources.

The wind can moves when it is different changes of temperature . caused by the sun.

So the energy that produces the wind is created by the sun.

The Earth Heat: It is the beneath of the Earth’s crust.

With the earth heat we can have high temperatures in some places , because of the solar radiation it can have and comes to the earth.

The Waves The movement that makes the waves are created by the wind , so like energy comes from the sun , waves also do the same.

The Water We can find water when the rain appears, because of the heat that the . sun creates.

So when it rains and the sun heats the ground the water from rivers and seas are evaporated.

The Tides It is the gravitational attraction between the Moon and the surface of the Earth.

The Biomass It is the biological material that come from living things.

Or it can also come from plants.

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