PRESENTATION ON4TH FIVE YEAR PLAN

SUBMITTED BYPRAKASH CHANDRA MALLICK

ROLL-NO-M2013DTA014SUBMITTED TODR. BIPIN JOJO

TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCESMUMBAI

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF FIVE YEAR PLAN

After independence, India was in dire conditions and needed to start acting soon.

Some of the problems necessitated need for an immediate plan:• Vicious Poverty.• Foreign Trade• Need for rapid industrialisation.• Development of natural resources.• Capital deficiency and market inperfections.• Population pressure.

Contd.

The pioneers of the Indian government formulated 5 years plan to develop the Indian economy.

The duty of the Chairman of the planning commission in India is served by the Prime Minister of the country.

The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five-year plans, which are developed, executed and monitored

by the Planning Commission of India.

HISTORY OF FIVE YEAR PLAN• Planning Commission was set up in March 1950.• The main objective of the Government to promote a rapid rise in the

standard of living of the people by – efficient exploitation of the resources of the country

– increasing production and

– offering opportunities to all for employment in the service of the community

• The Planning Commission was charged with the responsibility of making assessment of all resources of the country, augmenting deficient resources, formulating plans for the most effective and balanced utilisation of resources and determining priorities.

• Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Chairman of the Planning Commission.

FUCTIONS OF THE PLANNING COMMISION OF INDIA

• To make an assessment of the resources of the country and to see which resources are deficient.

• To formulate plans for the most effective and balanced utilization of country's resources.

• To indicate the factors which are hampering economic development.• To determine the machinery, that would be necessary for the successful

implementation of each stage of plan.• Periodical assessment of the progress of the plan.

CONTD.• The commission is seeing to maximize the output with minimum resources

with the changing times.• The Planning Commission has set the goal of constructing a long term

strategic vision for the future.• It sets sectoral targets and provides the catalyst to the economy to grow in

the right direction.• The Planning Commission plays an integrative role in the development of a

holistic approach to the formulation of policies in critical areas of human and economic development.

4TH FIVE YEAR PLAN.The Fourth Five Year Plan was initially focused towards the development of

country’s industrial sector but as a result of the wars, a major segment of the allotted funds was diverted towards the war needs.

OBJECTIVES

• To reform and restructure government expenditure agenda( defense became one major expense)

• To facilitated growth in exports.• To alter the socio economic structure of the society due to droughts and

wars.

MEMBERS OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION IN 4TH FIVE YEAR PLAN

• INDIRA GANDHI – Chairman• D.R GADGIL - Member• R. VENKATRAMAN – Member• V. VENKATAPPIAH – Member• PITAMBAR PANT - Member• B.D NAG CHAUDHURI- Member• B.D PANDE- Secretary (August 1967 - February

1970)• A. MIRTRA- Secretary (February 1970)

PLAN IN OUTLAY

• A total outlay of Rs. 24,882 crores is envisaged for the Fourth Plan.

• Out of the aggregate outlay, Rs. 15,902 crores is in respect of the public sector Plan and Rs, 8,980 crores for the private sector.

• In the public sector Rs. 13,655 crores have been provided for investment and Rs. 2,247 crores for current outlay.

• The total investment for the creation of productive assets aggregates to Rs. 22,635 crores.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN The process of implementation is an essential part of five year plan. These

are several steps which should be taken...• Annual plans• State plans• District planning• Administrative machinery• Public accountability• Trainning.

APPROACH AND POLICY• Economic situation• Social situation• Tempo of development• The problems of weaker sections• Correction of regional imbalances• Social services• Employment and per capita income• Refashioning of institutions• Organisation of Agricultural production• Panchayati Raj and planning• Nationalisation of banks• Regulation of economic system• Public sector operation

EDUCATION AND MANPOWER• Priority will be given to the expansion of elementary education and the

emphasis will be on the provision of facilities for backward areas and communities and for girls.

• A survey of the deficiencies in respect of buildings and equipment of educational institutions will be made with a view to removing them according to a phased programme.

• Other programmes of importance will be : improvement of teacher education; expansion and improvement of science education ;raising standards of post-graduate education and research; development of Indian languages and book production, especially text books, and the consolidation of technical education including reorganisation of polytechnic education and its closer linking with the needs of industry and its orientation towards self-employment.

• Increased efforts will be made to involve people in educational programmes and to mobilise public support.

• Youth services will be developed.

CONTD.• It is proposed to effect economies by utilisation of existing facilities to the maximum

possible extent, streamlining of the planning, implementing and evaluating machinery, increasing the use of educational technologies—part-time and correspondence courses, modern media of communication, optimum size of institutions—which promote expansion and development with minimum investment and without lowering standards; and undertaking new tasks only after careful preparation through pilot projects.

• Activities like improvement of curricula and text-books in service education of teachers and research in methods of teaching, which do not require large funds but have' Government and non-Government (Local bodies fees, endowments, etc.) on a types of educational institutions. a wide impact will be encouraged. Educational programmes will be increasingly related to social and economic objectives.

• This will require, among other tilings, co-ordination with development programmes in other-sectors and the drawing up of a perspective plan on the basis of manpower needs, social demand, and the likely availability of financial, material and human resources.

WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT OF BACKWARD CLASSES

• In the Fourth Plan it is proposed to lay emphasis on consolidation, improvement and expansion of the services so that the process initiated in the earlier plans is accelerated.

• The objective of integration with the rest of the society is proposed to be related mainly to the equalisation of opportunities for development of Backward classes.

• Accordingly, in the Fourth Plan tribal development blocks which have completed State II will enter State III and get an allotment of Rs. 10 lakhs for the further period of five years.

• There will be no further expansion of the programme of tribal development blocks until the existing ones are stabilised. Programmes for increasing agricultural production and livestock produce should get the first priority. Programmes for diversifying and modernising the occupational pattern of landless labourers should come next

Contd.• In the field of higher education, the scheme of post-matric scholarships

will be continued. In the Fourth Plan an outlay of Rs. 11 crores is provided for the award of post- matric scholarships to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

• In addition, about Rs. 33 crores would be available for the scheme as committed expenditure for awarding post- matric scholarships. Facilities of pre-examination coaching are proposed to be expanded. In the States sector, schemes for grant of stipends, scholarships, free studentships, mid-day meals, uniforms, exemption from payment of examination fees, book grants and hostel facilities will be continued.

• Special efforts will be made to spread education among members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes who educationally are at a very low level and to reduce dropouts and wastages at the middle and secondary stages.

Contd.

• An outlay of Rs. 1.5 crore is provided for research, training facilities and special projects.

• The Planning Commission has constituted a Study Team on Tribal Research Institutes to examine their research and training activities, functions and actual working, to explore the feasibility of including within the scope of their functions the problems of Scheduled Castes and de-notified communities in addition to Scheduled Tribes, and to examine the need for setting up a Central Research and Training Institute for coordinating the activities of the regional institutes and for training personnel

Contd.• Since voluntary organisations play an important role in extending welfare

activities among the backward classes, assistance will be given to them for taking up projects like publicity and propaganda for removal of untouchability, running hostels and educational institutions, organising welfare and community centres, social education and conducting training and orientation courses.

• Each State should review its legislative arid executive measures for providing house-sites to members of the Scheduled Castes and other weaker sections and conferring proprietary rights on homestead land already occupied by them.

• Remedial steps may be undertaken to bring about effective enforcement of the measures at the field level and for the removal of loopholes. Those members of the Scheduled Castes who are landless should at least be provided with house sites, if resources do not permit the grant of housing aid to them for construction of houses. Mixed settlement of various communities should be encouraged

AGRICULTURE AS THE MAIN FOCUS OF THE PLAN.

• Green Revolution in India has advanced the agriculture.• The Fourth Five Year Plan aimed at an annual growth rate of 5 per cent in agriculture.• The total investment in agricultural sector was Rs. 3,814 crores (24 per cent of the total

Plan outlay).• Development of agricultural inputs like fertilisers, farm machineries too was aimed at.• A National Agricultural Commission was set up in 1970.• The target for food grains output was set at 129 million tons for 1973-74 but the actual

production of food grains fell short at merely 103.6 million tons.• During the Plan about 15.6 million hectares of additional cropped area was brought under

irrigation.• The production of wheat went up sharply owing to the Green Revolution but the growth in

production of rice was nominal.• Since 1972-73, the under-performance of the agricultural sector was the primary cause of

stagnation and inflationary pressure.• Target Growth: 5.7 per cent. Actual Growth: 3.30 per cent.

FOOD AND NUTRITION

The main objectives of food policy in the Fourth Plan may, therefore, be restated as:

• To ensure that consumer prices are stabilised and, in particular, that the interests of the low income consumers are safeguarded;

• To ensure that the producers get reasonable prices and continue to have adequate incentives for increasing production; and

• To build up an adequate buffer stock of foodgrains with a view to ensuring both the objectives mentioned above.

• The continuance of public distribution system.

CONTD.• The Fourth Plan attempts to set out an integrated nutrition programme. Where

so many are under-nourished, more food is the first step towards better nutrition.

• In this sense, therefore, the nationwide endeavour to1 develop agriculture, along with animal husbandry and fisheries, must be regarded as the base of all effort in nutrition.

• In the very process of production, including the planning for different crops, it is both necessary and possible to provide for the main needs of good nutrition. While this will be sought to be ensured both generally in the agriculture programmes and specifically in the areas covered by schemes of applied nutrition, the important problem remains of widespread malnutrition among certain vulnerable categories of the population.

• Recent surveys indicate that nearly two-thirds of expectant mothers belonging to the poorer sections of the community suffer from serious malnutrition. Infant mortality continues to be high.

Contd.

The health of young children, both pre-school and school-going, needs special care. Protein malnutrition is acute in some parts of the country and deficiency diseases have a high incidence. Specific programmes of nutrition, therefore, must also receive high priority. In formulating them, the following requirements have to be kept in mind:

• since resources are limited, it is necessary to establish priorities with reference to needs, classes and areas;

• it is important to improve the efficiency, and extend the coverage, of the organisations whicli serve the needs of the priority age-groups, classes and areas, and

• programmes of distribution should be supported wherever this is necessary, by programes of production, processing and supply.

HEALTH.• During the Forth plan ,efforts will be made to provide an effective

base for health services in rural areas by strengthening the primary health centres.

• These centres render preventive and curative health services, take over the maintenance phase of communicable diseases control programmes for malaria and small-pox and become the focal points for a nation-wide family planning programme.

• Sub divisional and district hospitals will be strengthened to serve as refrral centres for Primary Health Centres. The campaigns against communicable diseases will be intensified.

• Medical and nursing education and training of paramedical personnel will be expanded to meet the minimum technical man-power requirements.

Contd.• During the Fourth Plan, ten new medical colleges are likely to be opened increasing the

annual admissions to about 13,000 by 1974. Greater attention will be paid^to improvements in existing colleges. The doctor population ratio has improved from 1 : 6100 in 1961 to 1 : 5150 in 1968 This is expected to improve further to 1 : 4300 by 1974.

• About 34,000 nurses have been added in the last eight years, bringing the total stock to 61,000 by 1968-69. Their number by the end of the Fourth Plan is estimated to go up to 88,000.

• During the Fourth Five Year Plan an outlay of Rs. 22 crores. has been earmarked for medical research, which includes Rs. 11 crores for the Indian Council of Medical Research, Rs. 2 crores for research under Indigenous Systems of Medicine, Rs. 2 crores for research institutes and Rs. 7 crores for family planning research.

• During the last eight years, 70,100 general beds in Government institutions have been added, bringing the total to 255,700. The target of establishing 54,000 beds during the Third Plan was achieved. The pace of adding new beds slowed down during the subsequent years. During 1969—74 it is intended to add 25,900 beds. Emphasis will be placed on better health care facilities at sub-divisional and district hospitals by provision of specialist's services.

Contd.• In the Fourth Five Year Plan, emphasis will be on the establishment of an effective

machinery for the speedy construction of buildings and improving of primary health centres by providing staff, and equipment.

• It is also proposed during the Fourth Plan to establish 508 primary health centres covering 340 blocks which do not yet have a centre so that there is at least one primary health centre in each block.

• On the eve of the Fourth Plan, five Central Institutes and 43 State Family Planning Training Centres are functioning. There are 4326 rural family welfare planning centres, 22826 rural sub-centres and 1797 urban family welfare planning centres in operation. The progress in opening sub-centres has been unsatisfactory. This is due to shortage of auxiliary nurse-mid-wives and want of suitable accommodation for female workers in the rural areas.

• At the beginning of the Fourth Plan, 450 Family Planning annexes to Primary Health Centres have been contructed (90 completed and 360 in progress) and buildings of 2770 sub-centres have been taken up (1280 completed and 1490 in progress).

INDUSTRY.

• There is a considerable volume of underemployment of manpower depending on agriculture & many employed in traditional manufacturing industry, using very poor techniques.

• Focus was given to non-farm employment opportunities, boom to industries related to metals, machine tool production, communication, transport, petroleum, coal, etc.

REGIONAL AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

• Regional studies of metropolitan regions around Delhi, Greater Bombay and Calcutta were initiated.

• By 1968, almost all the States had introduced Town Planning Legislation with varying scope.

• During the period 1963—69, interim development plans for 40 cities were completed. They provided necessary guidelines to Government departments and public authorities in the use of land.

• There is a provision of Rs. 188 Crores in the States sector for urban development, housing and metropolitan schemes.

• Decentralization of urban area by dispersal through suitable creation of smaller centers in the rest of the area.

TRANSPORT

• Goods traffic carried by rail has increased by 42 per cent between 1960-61 and 1968-69.By road has increased by 135 per cent.

• Passenger traffic by rail has increased between 1960-61 and 1968-69 by 37 per cent and that by road by 72 per cent.

• New railway lines and road network was extended and new brigdes were developed for better connection

HOUSING.

• Appropriate lay-outs made for the growth in villages.• Basic amenities such as water and sanitation in rural and urban

sector. • To support the development in housing sector HUDCO was

established in 1970.• Government provides accommodation to its employees.• Special attention to the growth of small industries in rural

areas and small towns.

OTHER SCHEMES• Small farmers development agency• Antoyodhya (scheme for allocation of food grains to poor

families.)• Drought-prone areas programs (scheme for drought affected

people.)• Schemes for rural employment.

• The schemes were basically for poor so as to remove poverty.

PROBLEM FACED

• A gap was created between the people of the rural areas and those of the urban areas. Initial plans from the planning commission concentrated over the rural strengthening .

• Due to recession, famine and drought, India did not pay much heed to long term goal. The Country was low in economic ability to sustain long term goal planning

• The process of implementation of the Five Year Plans was disrupted in 1966(severe drought in the country and aggressions from China and Pakistan.)Fourth Five Year Plan was put off by three years due to these impacts

• The intervention period between the Third and Fourth Five Year Plans had annual plans. Wars and Natural calamities.

ACHIEVMENTS

• Served as a stepping stone for the economic growth• Food grains production increased.• Evolution of three tier system (Panchayati Raj) in

Indian governance.• Regional and urban development was taken into

consideration.• Industrial growth• Importance of alabor intensiveproduction technology

in India