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GROSS NATIONAL HAPPINESS
~A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Submitted by-Rashmi Parmar (8601)Trisha Sinha Roy(8629)Sanchari Mohanta(8631)Raunak Shirali(8609)Karan Khot(8615)Swapnil Kulkarni(8625)
CONTENTS
Meaning of GNH GNH Indicators Case studies-Bhutan, Norway,
Switzerland and Denmark GNH in India Shortcomings of GDP and GNP Why GNH Critical Analysis of GNH Conclusion
What does happiness mean to you?
MEANING
Gross national happiness (GNH) attempts to measure the sum total not only of economic output, but also of net environmental impacts, the spiritual and cultural growth of citizens, mental and physical health and the strength of the corporate and political systems.
GNH INDICATORSTime use
Living standards
Good governance
Psychological wellbeing
Community vitality
Culture
Health
Education
Ecology
GNH
.
1
2
3
4
56
7
Source-World Happiness Report
BHUTAN- a case study
FOUR PILLARS OF GNH
�Sustainable and
equitable socio-
economic developm
ent
�Conservation of the environm
ent
�Preservation and
promotion of culture
�Good governanc
e
Twenty Sources of Happiness For Bhutanese People
Source:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The government is spending about 5.7% of its total planned budget on health.
In 2004, Bhutan became the first country in the world to ban the sale of tobacco.
In a GNH indicator survey 25.5% of respondents reported their health as excellent, 64.1%reported it as good and 66.3% of men and 58.5% of women reported not having any mental or physical illness during the 30 days preceding the survey.
Source: Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare
Core demographic and health indicators in Bhutan
Indicators Years1984 1994 2000 2005 2008
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
_ 5.6 4.7 3.0 2.4
Population growth rate 2.6 3.1 2.5 1.3 1.3
Infant mortality rate/1000 live berths
102.8 70.7 60.5 56 49.3
Maternal mortality ratio/100,000 live berths
770 380 260 440 _
Life expectancy in years _ 49 66 65 66
Source: Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare
KEY DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
Per capita income
Life expectancy
Infant and
maternal mortality
rates
Health coverage
School enroll--ment
Literacy rates
Environ-mental
conserva
tism
Denmark
Happiest country on planet Ranks frist in Gross national happiness list Ranks fourth in Human development index 1.8/10 inequality ratio Free universal healthcare Free universal education
SWITZERLAND
Switzerland has been named the world's 2nd happiest country in a survey of 158 nations - with the UK trailing behind in 23RD (Iceland, Norway and Finland completed the top five). WHY?
They're rich
They live longer
The chocolate.
But they aren't fat
They're smart.
They don't take sides.
They're multilingual
The working hours
The healthcare
Switzerland has produced 25 Nobel laureates out of a population of around eight million
It's very democratic
Zurich came second in Mercer's 2015 Quality of Living survey,
They're always on time
And four reasons it's not so great
Too many rules
The wealth gap
There's conscription
It's boring
NORWAY-a case study
What can we learn from this Scandinavian beauty?
What can we learn from this Scandinavian beauty?
World’s highest per capita GDP of $53,000 a year.
Second-highest level of satisfaction with their standards of living
95% say they are satisfied with the freedom to choose the direction of their lives;
74% say other people can be trusted.
FREEDOM AND INDEPENDENCE LAW OF JANTE INEQUALITY-A KEY PARAMETRE GENDER ROLES HAPPY NEW DADS FREE FUNERALS ALMOST FREE EDUCATION HAPPY NEW DADS BYE, BYE CARS GAY RIGHTS THEY’RE RICH YOUR SALARY IS NOT A SECRET
Aurora Borealis
India GNH, GDP and HDI COMPARISON
India ranking comparison 0f GDP, HDI and GNH
GDP2014 •7th rank
2015 •9th rank
2016 •9th rank
HDI2014 •135th rank
2015 •130th rank
2016 •130th rank
India GNH Ranking
2014 •111th rank
2015 •117th rank
2016 •118th rank
WHY INDIA RANKS SO LOW ON GNH? 40% POPULATI ON SUFFERS FROM “MULTI DIMENTIONAL” POVERTY Inequality, a key parameter GENDER EQUALITY IS A WEAK SPOT
INDIA SUFFERS FROM NATURAL RESOURCE DEPLETION AT THE RATE OF 4.9%
OF GROSS NATIONAL INCOME WHICH MUST BE PLACED AGAINST ANNUAL GDP GROWTH IN THE LAST 3 YEARS OF 5.3%
INDIA DRAWS 33.9% OF ITS RENEWAL WATER RESOURCES EACH YEAR, COMPARED TO A MEDIUM CATEGORY AVERAGE OF 13.9% AND CHINA’S
FIGURE OF 19.5%
WE HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THAT GROWTH ACHIEVED ON THE SAKE OF ENVIRONMENT AND POOR FOLKS IS NOT SUSTAINABLE
Shortcomings of GDP From 2004-2014, France’s GDP has
increased by 53.1% In 2008, France’s GDP climbed to an
all time high & subsequently dropped GDP as an indicator omits any such
unforeseen situations Few More Drawbacks being: Underground/Unofficial economy Material well being
Source: www.investopedia.com
Why not GNP?Few Examples
If we spend more money on lawyers to sue each other, GNP goes up.
If crime goes up, we hire more police officers and buy bigger locks and louder alarm systems, and the GNP goes up.
We can spend $120 million per fighter plane for our national defence, and the GNP goes up.
Source:www.nscblog.com
WHY GNH? GNH stands for the holistic needs GNH seeks to promote a conscious, inner search for
happiness and requisite skills It supports the notion that happiness pursued and
realized within the context of the greater good of society Offers the best possibility for the sustained happiness of
the individual
Measures economic well-being, security & happiness GNH Index reflects GNH values, set benchmarks , track
policies & performances of the country Public policies based on GNH will be far less arbitrary
than those based on standard economic tools
Critical Analysis of GNH It is subjective More Qualitative than Quantitative Definition varies from individual to individual Peace & happiness are two important essence It has proved no guarantee of individual human rights It does not protect diversity It has managed to distract attention away from more
transparent and participative attempts to measure well-being Not only Economic Development but also Non-Economic
factors of well-being India ranks 118th in 2016 in Happiness Index In 2015, India ranked 117th
So for all those who feel that you are happy living in India, this news will definitely make you feel unhappy
Countries RankingsDenmark 1st
Switzerland 2nd
Iceland 3rd
Norway 4th
Finland 5th
Australia 9th
Israel 11th
Somalia 76th
China 83rd
Pakistan 92nd
Iran 105th
Palestinian Territories 108th
Bangladesh 110th
India 118th
Few Rankings (2016 GNH Report)
Source: The Hindu
Conclusion
Can we follow GNH policy in India? For countries like India it can be a good
idea of combining GDP & GNH together to form a better indicator
GNH is more of a micro level concept, so developed countries seem to be happier as per capita income and individual welfare is higher
Hence for developing countries has to be quantitative + qualitative concept
REFERENCES http://grossnationalhappiness.com/wp-content/uploads/201
2/04/Short-GNH-Index-edited.pdf http://www.thehindu.com/ http://www.forbes.com/ http://worldhappiness.report/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/20
16/03/HR-V1Ch2_web.pdf http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp (GDP) http://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/gross-national-pro
duct.asp( GNP)
http://www.nscblog.com/miscellaneous/gnp-vs-gnh-gross-national-happiness/ (GNP Vs GNH, Case Study of Bhutan, Shortcomings of GNP)
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gnh.asp (GNH) http://www.newsteadwood.bromley.sch.uk/BBC-News-Day-1
9th-March-2015/Why_are_the_Scandinavian_countries_are_the_happiest_countries_in_the_world.pdf
REFERENCES http://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/society/can
-india-link-gdp-with-gross-national-happiness http://www.thehindu.com/news/the-world-happine
ss-report-2016-india-ranked-118th/article8365329.ece (GNH)
https://prezi.com/g4sy4ngym5jo/why-should-we-use-gnh-gross-national-happiness-over-gdp-and-hdi/ (GNH over GDP)
http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/09/04/gross-national-happiness-a-bad-idea-whose-time-has-gone/ (GNH Analysis)