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Rupee Convertibility: Is RBI too cautious ?
Presented By:-Deepa Pillai 2011062Dhairya Gada 2011072Garima Shah 2011076Paras Jain 2011093Kallol Kumar Sarkar 2011096
GROUP 8
The Indian rupee(Devanagari: रुपया�)) is the
official currency of “The republic of India”.
Today, the currency is available in the form of “Bank notes” and “coins of the rupee”.
Introduction
Currency convertibility refers to the freedom
to convert the domestic currency into other internationally accepted currencies and vice versa at market determined rates of exchange.
Export-Import of goods. Pursuing Higher education abroad. Tourism.
Convertibility
CURRENT ACCOUNT CONVERTIBILITY- allows
residents to make and receive trade related payments. Example- import-export.
CAPITAL ACCOUNT CONVERTIBILITY- means the freedom to convert the local financial assets into foreign assets.
Types of Convertibility
Non-Convertible capital
Cuba(peso) and North Korea(won) Non participation in FOREX market Major challenge for domestic currencies there.
Partial Convertible Capital- Indian Rupee RBI’s restriction on the inflow and outflow of capital
Full Convertible Capital- US dollars No restrictions or limitation on the amount to be traded Thus, this is one of the major currency traded in FOREX
market
Capital Convertibility
Upto 1991, there was rigid control on both
Capital and Current account.
Capital account convertibility was introduced in India in August 1994.
In 1997 the government had set up a committee (Tarapore committee) to spell out a road map for the full convertibility of the rupee.
History of Rupee Convertibility
Committee on capital account credibility, set
up by RBI(Reserve Bank of India) under the chairmanship of former RBI deputy governor S.S. Tarapore.
Economists Surjit S Bhalla, M G Bhide, R H Patil, A V Rajwade and Ajit Ranade were the members of the Committee.
The report submitted by this Committee in the year 1997 proposed a three-year time period (1999-2000) for total conversion of Rupee
Tarapore Committee
Reasons for the introduction of CAC in India: It was meant to ensure total financial mobility in the country It also aimed in the efficient appropriation or distribution of
international capital in India
Pre - conditions: The fiscal deficit needs to be reduced to 3.5% of the GDP Inflation rates need to be controlled between 3-5% Non-performing assets (NPAs) need to be brought down to
5% Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) needs to be reduced to 3% A monetary exchange rate band of plus minus 5% should be
instituted
Tarapore Committee
Reserve Bank of India appointed the second Tarapore
committee to set out the framework for fuller Capital Account Convertibility.
The committee was established to revisit the subject of fuller capital account convertibility in the context of the progress in economic reforms, the stability of the external and financial sectors, accelerated growth and global integration.
The report of this committee was made public by RBI on 1st September 2006. In this report, the committee suggested 3 phases of adopting the full convertibility of rupee in capital account.
First Phase in 2006-7 Second phase in 2007-09 Third Phase by 2011.
The Second Tarapore Committee on Capital Account Convertibility
Following were some important recommendations of this
committee: The ceiling for External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) should
be raised for automatic approval. NRI should be allowed to invest in capital markets NRI deposits should be given tax benefits. Improvement of the Banking regulation. FII (Foreign Institutional Investors) should be prohibited from
investing fresh money raised to participatory notes. Existing PN holders should be given an exit route to phase
out completely the PN notes. At present the rupee is fully convertible on the current
account, but only partially convertible on the capital account.
Recommendations
Pros And Cons
Full Capital Account Convertibility
The government is adopting a
cautious approach, taking into consideration all aspects and the risks involved in opening up the economy by allowing convertibility of the currency.
RBI too cautious?
Not only is there instability in the international arena, but
India’s domestic economy is also going through ups and downs. The rising prices and the appreciation of the rupee are
adversely affecting India’s exports and the Balance of Trade. Moreover, the fiscal deficit has been highly underestimated by
ignoring the deficits of individual states and through issuance of oil bonds to the public sector oil companies, making severe losses due to the heavy subsidies on oil.
The government is yet to compensate these companies and these deferred payments have been left out from the deficit.
Also, corruption, bureaucracy, red tapism and in general, a poor business environment, are discouraging the inflow of investment.
Poor infrastructure and socio-economic backwardness act as deterrents to FDI inflow.
Conclusion
Hence, India still needs to work on its fundamentals of
providing universal quality education and health services and empowerment of marginalized groups, etc.
The growth strategy needs to be more inclusive. There is no point trying to add on to the clump at the
top of the pyramid if the base is too weak. The pyramid will soon collapse!
Thus, before opening up to financial volatility through the implementation of FCAC, India needs to strengthen its fundamentals and develop a strong base.
Hence, India should either wait for a while or implement CAC in a phased, gradual and cautious manner.
Conclusion
THANK YOU!!!