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С.Дандар, С.ЖаргаланС.Дандар, С.ЖаргаланШУТИС, ГГТС, АМХайгуулын салбарШУТИС, ГГТС, АМХайгуулын салбар

E.EuropianCraton Anabar Omolon

Late Proterozoic

Locating between Siberian (in north) and Sino Korean and Tarim (in the south) cratonsgeology of Mongolia has complicated structure, formed by repeated evidences collages ofcontinental blocks, ancient Island arc terrans subduction complexes and fragments ofancient oceanic crust, that amalgamated during PreCambrian, Paleozoic and Mesozoic

Siberian Craton

Craton Anabar

Aldan

Omolon

CB

Uralaids

Tarim

Sino KoreanCraton

Yangtze-CathaysiaTibet Plateau

AA O

B

Sengor et all., 1994Sengor et all., 1994

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Distribution map of Gold mineralization of MongoliaDistribution map of Gold mineralization of Mongolia

North Khentii gold beltNorth Khentii gold belt

Hard gold deposits and occurrencesPlacer gold depositsMain gold producing areas

Hard gold deposits and occurrencesPlacer gold depositsMain gold producing areas

Bayanhongor gold beltBayanhongor gold belt

NORTH KHENTII GOLD METALLOGENIC BELTNORTH KHENTII GOLD METALLOGENIC BELTEroo Au districtEroo Au districtBiggest gold producing region

400km long and 30-100 km wide, bordered by Bayangol fault in north and Yoroo fault in southContains 5 gold districts: Zaamar, Yoroo, Boroo, Tsaidam & Tseel

Boroo Au districtBoroo Au districtZaamar Au districtZaamar Au district

Boroo is hard gold mining Others are placer mining

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INTRODUCTION OF BOROO GOLD DISTRICTINTRODUCTION OF BOROO GOLD DISTRICTGeologic map of Boroo depositGeologic map of Boroo deposit

Ore body:Ore body:-- Extends over area 1.5 km x 2.5 km up Extends over area 1.5 km x 2.5 km up

to 400meters deepto 400meters deepOre types: Ore types:

G ld b i t iG ld b i t i

Ore body:Ore body:-- Extends over area 1.5 km x 2.5 km up Extends over area 1.5 km x 2.5 km up

to 400meters deepto 400meters deepOre types: Ore types:

G ld b i t iG ld b i t i

Section ASection A--A’ through Pit 3A’ through Pit 3Section ASection A--A’ through Pit 3A’ through Pit 3

-- Gold bearing quartz veinsGold bearing quartz veins-- Disseminated sulfide auriferous zonesDisseminated sulfide auriferous zones

Occurrence: Occurrence: -- Abundant free goldAbundant free gold

Ore Reserves: Ore Reserves: -- Approx, 10M tonnes of ~3ppm AuApprox, 10M tonnes of ~3ppm Au

-- Gold bearing quartz veinsGold bearing quartz veins-- Disseminated sulfide auriferous zonesDisseminated sulfide auriferous zones

Occurrence: Occurrence: -- Abundant free goldAbundant free gold

Ore Reserves: Ore Reserves: -- Approx, 10M tonnes of ~3ppm AuApprox, 10M tonnes of ~3ppm Au

gggg

N

INTRODUCTION OF ZAAMAR GOLD DISTRICTINTRODUCTION OF ZAAMAR GOLD DISTRICT

M950

6 km

Bumbat Au vein

1250

NWSE

Auriferous quartz veinsGold placersGold bearing conglomerates

Auriferous quartz veinsGold placersGold bearing conglomerates

M

5

10

100 200

910

920

930

940

950

River Tuul

Stream gold

Terrace gold

1250

1200

115010 m

Cross section of placer deposit along river TuulCross section of placer deposit along river TuulCross section of Bumbat

hard gold depositCross section of Bumbat

hard gold deposit

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BAYANHONGOR GOLD METALLOGENIC BELTBAYANHONGOR GOLD METALLOGENIC BELTSecond biggest gold producing area250 km in long and 60-90 km in widthMain gold producing district is cluster of placer deposits, which are formed at the south part of the mountain range Jargalant.Gold producing of this area started j f d ldjust after second world war

Jargalant mountain rangeJargalant mountain range

Tsagaan Tsahir Uul gold depositTsagaan Tsahir Uul gold deposit

Gold placer at this area contains quite amount of Pt minerals, because of ophiolite belt along the mt. Jargalant

Gold placer at this area contains quite amount of Pt minerals, because of ophiolite belt along the mt. Jargalant

2106.0 m Mount Tsagaan Tsahir2106.0 m Mount Tsagaan Tsahir

INTRODUCTION OF TSAGAAN TSAHIR UUL GOLD DEPOSITINTRODUCTION OF TSAGAAN TSAHIR UUL GOLD DEPOSITINTRODUCTION OF TSAGAAN TSAHIR UUL GOLD DEPOSITINTRODUCTION OF TSAGAAN TSAHIR UUL GOLD DEPOSIT

100km

5

Vein -10

Gold

Quartz-carbonate vein along Tsagaan Tsahir Uul fault Vein-1

Gold

Auriferous mesothermal quartz vein

Distribution map of Copper mineralization of MongoliaDistribution map of Copper mineralization of MongoliaCopper is the one of main metal producing in Mongolia. There are 3 main belts of coppermineralization: South Mongolia, Central Mongolian and North Mongolian. SouthMongolian copper belt occupies almost whole area of Gurvansaihan island arc terrane,which hosts 6 major porphyry deposits such as Tsagaan Suvarga, Oyu Tolgoi, Shuteen,Kharmagtai etc and more than 45 occurrences. North belt contains single big deposit(Erdenet) and several occurrences. Central belt includes Bayan Uul, Unegt, Saran Uuldeposits and many other occerrences

Copper is the one of main metal producing in Mongolia. There are 3 main belts of coppermineralization: South Mongolia, Central Mongolian and North Mongolian. SouthMongolian copper belt occupies almost whole area of Gurvansaihan island arc terrane,which hosts 6 major porphyry deposits such as Tsagaan Suvarga, Oyu Tolgoi, Shuteen,Kharmagtai etc and more than 45 occurrences. North belt contains single big deposit(Erdenet) and several occurrences. Central belt includes Bayan Uul, Unegt, Saran Uuldeposits and many other occerrences

Erdenet Cu-MoErdenet Cu-Mo

Temuujin Cu-AuTemuujin Cu-Au

Tsagaan Suvarga Cu-MoTsagaan Suvarga Cu-MoOyu Tolgoi Cu-AuOyu Tolgoi Cu-Au

Shuteen Cu-AuShuteen Cu-Au

Kharmagtai Cu-AuKharmagtai Cu-AuZuun mod CuZuun mod Cu

Copper deposits and occurrencesBigger copper depositsCopper deposits and occurrencesBigger copper deposits

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INTRODUCTION OF ERDENET CUINTRODUCTION OF ERDENET CU--MO PORPHYRY DEPOSITMO PORPHYRY DEPOSITINTRODUCTION OF ERDENET CUINTRODUCTION OF ERDENET CU--MO PORPHYRY DEPOSITMO PORPHYRY DEPOSIT

Located NW 330km from Ulaanbaatar.Cu-Mo porphyry deposit was found 30years ago and has being mined since1978. The deposit has 1.3 billion tons ofore containing 0.51% of copper and0.015% of molybdenum and produces450-480 thousand metric tons of copper

Located NW 330km from Ulaanbaatar.Cu-Mo porphyry deposit was found 30years ago and has being mined since1978. The deposit has 1.3 billion tons ofore containing 0.51% of copper and0.015% of molybdenum and produces450-480 thousand metric tons of copper450 480 thousand metric tons of copperconcentrate (assaying 27% Cu) andover 2800 metric tons of molybdenumconcentrate (assaying at least 50% ofmolybdenum) per year.

450 480 thousand metric tons of copperconcentrate (assaying 27% Cu) andover 2800 metric tons of molybdenumconcentrate (assaying at least 50% ofmolybdenum) per year.

Cathode copper factory Cathode copper factory

INTRODUCTION OF OYU TOLGOI CUINTRODUCTION OF OYU TOLGOI CU--AU PORPHYRY DEPOSITAU PORPHYRY DEPOSITINTRODUCTION OF OYU TOLGOI CUINTRODUCTION OF OYU TOLGOI CU--AU PORPHYRY DEPOSITAU PORPHYRY DEPOSIT

SOUTHERN OYU RESOURCES IN ULTIMATE OPEN PIT

Measured & Indicated Resource*

HUGO DUMMETT RESOURCESIndicated Resource*582 million tonnes @ 1.89% Cu / 0.41 g/t Au

Estimates by AMEC of Canada - Press release, May 2005,

Ivanhoe Mines Co.LTD Home page

Estimates by AMEC of Canada - Press release, May 2005,

Ivanhoe Mines Co.LTD Home page

Measured & Indicated Resource917 million tonnes @ 0.50% Cu / 0.36 g/t Au• 10.2 billion pounds of copper• 10.7 million ounces of goldInferred Resource*78 million tonnes @ 0.37% Cu / 0.18 g/t Au• 630 million pounds of copper• 450,000 ounces of gold* 0.30% Cu equiv. cut-off

@ g• 24 billion pounds of copper• 7.6 million ounces of goldInferred Resource*1.07 billion tonnes @ 1.07% Cu / 0.21 g/t Au• 25 billion pounds of copper• 7.3 million ounces of gold*0.60% Cu equivalent cut-off

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Distribution map of Fluorite and Uranium mineralization of Mongolia

Distribution map of Fluorite and Uranium mineralization of Mongolia

MardaiMardai

NemerNemer

Uranium depositsUranium deposits

BerkhBerkh

Chuluut Tsagaan DelChuluut Tsagaan Del Bor OndorBor Ondor

Khar AiragKhar Airag

OrgonOrgon

MardaiMardai

KharaatKharaatNarstNarst

GurvanbulagGurvanbulag

The CaF2 mineralization is widely spread in theeast and south-east part of Mongolia. Main part ofCaF2 is formed during late Mesozoic to lateJurassic and Early Cretaceous time. There are twomain types of fluorite deposits: one is epithermalfluorite veins and other one is metasomatite orebodies. Biggest deposits are Bor Undur, Berkh,Orgon, Khar Airag, Chuluut Tsagaan Del etc

The CaF2 mineralization is widely spread in theeast and south-east part of Mongolia. Main part ofCaF2 is formed during late Mesozoic to lateJurassic and Early Cretaceous time. There are twomain types of fluorite deposits: one is epithermalfluorite veins and other one is metasomatite orebodies. Biggest deposits are Bor Undur, Berkh,Orgon, Khar Airag, Chuluut Tsagaan Del etc

Four Uranium bearing districts were defined: Gobi-Tamsag, Khentii-Dagur, Mongol-PriArgunAnd North Khentii. Mardai deposit has being mined since 1980`s. Other deposits and occurrences are under prospecting

Four Uranium bearing districts were defined: Gobi-Tamsag, Khentii-Dagur, Mongol-PriArgunAnd North Khentii. Mardai deposit has being mined since 1980`s. Other deposits and occurrences are under prospecting

pFluorite deposits

pFluorite deposits

Geologic map and cross sectoin of Bor Ondor Fluorite depositGeologic map and cross sectoin of Bor Ondor Fluorite deposit

Bor-Ondor is the biggest CaF2 deposit in Mongolia, which makes over 70% of country`s reserve. Two big faults control the mineralization: Arc shaped fault, traced along 15km and NW trending fault,Traced over 10km. More than 20 ore bodies were detected, which are grouped into 4 deposits:Bor Ondor; Adag; Bayan-Ulaan and Ondor-Ovoo. Major component: CaF2=28-44%; SiO2=40-55%; CaCO3=0.8-2.2%; Al2O3=up to 1.5-2.7% and Fe2O3=0.04-2.7%. Reserve: 14200000 tonnes of ore and 5 200 000 CaF2 (40-30%)

Bor-Ondor is the biggest CaF2 deposit in Mongolia, which makes over 70% of country`s reserve. Two big faults control the mineralization: Arc shaped fault, traced along 15km and NW trending fault,Traced over 10km. More than 20 ore bodies were detected, which are grouped into 4 deposits:Bor Ondor; Adag; Bayan-Ulaan and Ondor-Ovoo. Major component: CaF2=28-44%; SiO2=40-55%; CaCO3=0.8-2.2%; Al2O3=up to 1.5-2.7% and Fe2O3=0.04-2.7%. Reserve: 14200000 tonnes of ore and 5 200 000 CaF2 (40-30%)

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Distribution map of Tin, Tungsten and Molybdenum mineralization of Mongolia

Distribution map of Tin, Tungsten and Molybdenum mineralization of Mongolia

Ulaan UulUlaan UulKhovd golKhovd gol

Tsagaan DawaaTsagaan Dawaa

W mineralizationSn mineralizationMo mineralization

gg

ModotModot Mongon OndorMongon Ondor

Tin mineralization is spatially andgenetically associated with LateTriassic, Early Jurassic and MiddleLate Jurassic lithium-fluorine alkalineleucocratic granities. Bigger depositsare Mongon Ondor, Narsan Khondlon,Modot and Janchivlan

Tin mineralization is spatially andgenetically associated with LateTriassic, Early Jurassic and MiddleLate Jurassic lithium-fluorine alkalineleucocratic granities. Bigger depositsare Mongon Ondor, Narsan Khondlon,Modot and Janchivlan

Tungsten mineralization is distributedMongol Altai, Kherlen and Gobi area. InMongol Altai they spatially andgenetically related with Late Paleozoicleucocratic granites.Other deposits associated with EarlyMesozoic lithium-fluorine granites.Bigger deposits are: Ulaan Uul, Khavdgol, Tsagaan Dawaa etc

Tungsten mineralization is distributedMongol Altai, Kherlen and Gobi area. InMongol Altai they spatially andgenetically related with Late Paleozoicleucocratic granites.Other deposits associated with EarlyMesozoic lithium-fluorine granites.Bigger deposits are: Ulaan Uul, Khavdgol, Tsagaan Dawaa etc

Distribution map of REE, Tantalium-Niobium and Beryllium mineralization of Mongolia

Distribution map of REE, Tantalium-Niobium and Beryllium mineralization of Mongolia

Mushgai khudagMushgai khudag

Khalzan BurgedKhalzan Burged

REE mineralizationTa-Nb mineralizationBe mineralization

Khan BogdKhan BogdLugiin golLugiin gol

REE, Ta-Nb and Be mineralizations show good spatialassociation. REE mineralization is related withCarbonatite, alkaline metasomatite and pegmatite bodies.Ta-Nb and Be mineralization is related with alkalinegranitic rock

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KHAN BOGD Alkaline granite related REE mineralizationKHAN BOGD Alkaline granite related REE mineralizationArfvedsonite and feldspar pegmatiteArfvedsonite and feldspar pegmatite

Foliation textureFoliation texture

30 km30 km

Oyu Tolgoi Cu-Au deposit

Orbicular texture Orbicular texture 30 km30 km

Yellow dots are locationof pegmatite body with REE mineralization

Yellow dots are locationof pegmatite body with REE mineralization

Relict of host Devonian volcanic rock

Permian Khan Bogd alkaline massivePermian Khan Bogd alkaline massive

MUSHGAI KHUDAG Carbonatite related REE mineralizationMUSHGAI KHUDAG Carbonatite related REE mineralization

Apatite hillApatite hill

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Distribution map of Lead Zinc and Silver mineralization of Mongolia

Distribution map of Lead Zinc and Silver mineralization of Mongolia

AsgatAsgatUlaan, MukharUlaan, Mukhar

Ag mineralizationPb mineralizationAg mineralizationPb mineralization

Mongon OndorMongon Ondor

TsavTsav

Tomortiin OvooTomortiin Ovoo

Pb mineralizationZn mineralizationPb mineralizationZn mineralization

Lead and Zinc mineralizations are mainlyformed In the Mesozoic period, and usuallyoccur in the marginal part of Late Mesozoicdepression, filled by Upper Jurassic andLower Cretaceous volcanics. Maindeposits are Ulaan, Mukhar, Tsav andTomortiin Ovoo

Lead and Zinc mineralizations are mainlyformed In the Mesozoic period, and usuallyoccur in the marginal part of Late Mesozoicdepression, filled by Upper Jurassic andLower Cretaceous volcanics. Maindeposits are Ulaan, Mukhar, Tsav andTomortiin Ovoo

Silver is found mainly as sub-product ofgold and base metal mineralization. Thereare two separated big silver deposits:Asgat, which is silver-sulfosalt veindeposit in the Mongolian Altai and MongonOndor, which is base metal-silver vein inthe east Mongolia.

Silver is found mainly as sub-product ofgold and base metal mineralization. Thereare two separated big silver deposits:Asgat, which is silver-sulfosalt veindeposit in the Mongolian Altai and MongonOndor, which is base metal-silver vein inthe east Mongolia.

Distribution map of Iron, Manganese and Aluminum mineralization of Mongolia

Distribution map of Iron, Manganese and Aluminum mineralization of Mongolia

Iron mineralizationM i li tiIron mineralizationM i li tiManganese mineralizationAluminum mineralizationManganese mineralizationAluminum mineralization

Iron mineralization is mainly distributed at the East and North and rarely south part ofthe country. There are 111 occurrences and deposits and 5 of them are medium 20 aresmall in size. Biggest Iron deposits are Tomortolgoi and Bayangol.Iron mineralizations are mainly contact-metasomatite scarn type in genesis.Metamorphic, hemogenenic-sedimentary, excalation-sedimentary ores were found insome area. Hydrothermal lagun sedimentary type of iron mineralization is rare.

Iron mineralization is mainly distributed at the East and North and rarely south part ofthe country. There are 111 occurrences and deposits and 5 of them are medium 20 aresmall in size. Biggest Iron deposits are Tomortolgoi and Bayangol.Iron mineralizations are mainly contact-metasomatite scarn type in genesis.Metamorphic, hemogenenic-sedimentary, excalation-sedimentary ores were found insome area. Hydrothermal lagun sedimentary type of iron mineralization is rare.

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Geological map of Tomor Tolgoi Iron deposit

Geological section of east ore body Tomor Tolgoi Iron deposit

Located NE 95 km from city Darkhan. Ore deposit area is composed of Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian quartz-chlorite, siliceous and biotite-actinolite schists with layers of marbled limestone, which are intruded by Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic granites and granite porphyries. Iron deposit consists of three ore bodies. Length of ore bodies ranges from 150 m to 500 m and thickness is 50-100 m. Ore consists of mainly magnetite, with small amount of martite, hematite and limonite.

Located NE 95 km from city Darkhan. Ore deposit area is composed of Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian quartz-chlorite, siliceous and biotite-actinolite schists with layers of marbled limestone, which are intruded by Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic granites and granite porphyries. Iron deposit consists of three ore bodies. Length of ore bodies ranges from 150 m to 500 m and thickness is 50-100 m. Ore consists of mainly magnetite, with small amount of martite, hematite and limonite.