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Courtesy of H. Andre Hernowo, SE,M.Si,Ak
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Learning Objectives
1. Nature of a Business
2. The Role of Accounting in Business
3. Business Ethics
4. Profession of Accounting
5. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
6. Assets, Liabilities, and Owner’s Equity
7. Business Transactions
8. Financial Statements
9. Financial Analysis and Interpretation
Power Notes Introduction to Accounting and Business
Chapter 1
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• Accounting – An Information Process• Users of Accounting Information• Profession of Accounting• The Accounting Equation• Business Transactions• Financial Statements• Ratio of Liabilities to Owner’s Equity
Slide # Power Note Topics
Power Notes Introduction to Accounting and Business
Chapter 1
391116195370
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Accounting — An Information Process
Accounting — An Information Process
Identificationof Users
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UserInformation
Needs
Accounting — An Information Process
Accounting — An Information Process
Identificationof Users
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Identificationof Users
UserInformation
Needs
AccountingSystem
Accounting — An Information Process
Accounting — An Information Process
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Identificationof Users
UserInformation
Needs
AccountingSystem
Economic Dataand Activities
Accounting — An Information Process
Accounting — An Information Process
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Identificationof Users
UserInformation
Needs
AccountingSystem
Economic Dataand Activities
Reports
Accounting — An Information Process
Accounting — An Information Process
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Identificationof Users
UserInformation
Needs
AccountingSystem
Reports
Economic Dataand Activities
UserDecisions
Accounting — An Information Process
Accounting — An Information Process
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EXTERNAL USERS
Financial Accounting
• investors• creditors• regulators• customers• competitors
Users of Accounting InformationUsers of Accounting Information
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EXTERNAL USERS
Financial Accounting
• investors• creditors• regulators• customers• competitors
• owners• managers• employees
INTERNAL USERS
Managerial Accounting
Users of Accounting InformationUsers of Accounting Information
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What are the starting rates for new graduates?
Government Industry CPA Firms
College Graduates
The Accounting Profession
AuditorStaff
Accountant Junior
Accountant
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Government Industry CPA Firms
StaffAccountant
JuniorAccountantAuditor
College Graduates
How soon would I get promoted?
The Accounting Profession
SeniorAccountantSupervisor Chief
Accountant
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What are the top positions in each category?
Government Industry CPA Firms
ChiefAccountant
StaffAccountant
SeniorAccountant
JuniorAccountant
Supervisor
Auditor
College Graduates
The Accounting Profession
Controller ManagerDirector
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What is the fastest path to top management?
Government
Administrator
Industry
Vice PresidentFinance
CPA Firms
ChiefAccountant
StaffAccountant
Controller
Partner
Manager
SeniorAccountant
JuniorAccountant
Director
Supervisor
Auditor
College Graduates
The Accounting Profession
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10 to 20 years of experience1
Government
The Accounting Profession
Administrator
Industry
Vice PresidentFinance
CPA Firms
1
6 to 8 years of experience2
ChiefAccountant
StaffAccountant
Controller
Partner
Manager
SeniorAccountant
JuniorAccountant
2
Director
Supervisor
Auditor
College Graduates
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Resources
The Accounting Equation
What are an organization’s resources called?
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Assets
Resources = Sources
The Accounting Equation
What are the sources of the assets?
Cost of resources usedin the business
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Assets
Liabilities
Owner’sEquity
Resources = Sources
Cost of resources usedin the business
Resources supplied by
creditors and owners
The Accounting Equation
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a. Chris Clark deposits $25,000 cash for NetSolutions.
ASSETS
=
Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
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a. Chris Clark deposits $25,000 cash for NetSolutions.
ASSETS
=
Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
OWNER’S EQUITYCash 25,000
LIABILITIES
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a. Chris Clark deposits $25,000 cash for NetSolutions.
ASSETS
=
Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
OWNER’S EQUITYCash 25,000
LIABILITIES
Chris Clark, Capital 25,000
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
b. NetSolutions buys land for $20,000.
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
b. NetSolutions buys land for $20,000.
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash (20,000)
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
b. NetSolutions buys land for $20,000.
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash (20,000)
Land 20,000
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
c. NetSolutions buys supplies for $1,350, agreeing to pay the supplier in the near future.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Supplies 1,350
c. NetSolutions buys supplies for $1,350, agreeing to pay the supplier in the near future.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
c. NetSolutions buys supplies for $1,350, agreeing to pay the supplier in the near future.
Accounts Payable1,350
Supplies 1,350
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
d. NetSolutions earns fees of $7,500, receiving cash.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash 7,500
d. NetSolutions earns fees of $7,500, receiving cash.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash 7,500
Fees Earned 7,500
d. NetSolutions earns fees of $7,500, receiving cash.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
e. NetSolutions paid: wages, $2,125; rent, $800; utilities, $450; and miscellaneous, $275.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash (3,650)
e. NetSolutions paid: wages, $2,125; rent, $800; utilities, $450; and miscellaneous, $275.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash (3,650)
Expenses(3,650)
e. NetSolutions paid: wages, $2,125; rent, $800; utilities, $450; and miscellaneous, $275.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
f. NetSolutions pays $950 to creditors on account.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash (950)
f. NetSolutions pays $950 to creditors on account.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash (950)
Accounts Payable(950)
f. NetSolutions pays $950 to creditors on account.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
g. At the end of the month, the cost of supplies on hand is $550.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Supplies (800)
g. At the end of the month, the cost of supplies on hand is $550.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Supplies (800)
Supplies Expense(800)
g. At the end of the month, the cost of supplies on hand is $550.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
h. Chris Clark withdraws $2,000 in cash.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash (2,000)
h. Chris Clark withdraws $2,000 in cash.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
=OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash (2,000)
Chris Clark, Drawing(2,000)
h. Chris Clark withdraws $2,000 in cash.
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Transaction SummaryTransaction Summary
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash 5,900Supplies 550Land 20,000
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Transaction SummaryTransaction Summary
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash 5,900Supplies 550Land 20,000
Accts. Payable 400
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Transaction SummaryTransaction Summary
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash 5,900Supplies 550Land 20,000
Accts. Payable 400
C. Clark, Capital 25,000C. Clark, Drawing (2,000)Fees Earned 7,500Wages Expense (2,125)Rent Expense (800)Supplies Expense (800)Utilities Expense (450)Misc. Expense (275)
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
decreased by
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
Owner’s withdrawals
Expenses
decreased by
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
increased by
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
Owner’s investments
Revenues
increased by
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
Owner’s withdrawals
Expenses
Owner’s investments
Revenues
decreased by increased by
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
Owner’s withdrawals
Expenses
Owner’s investments
Revenues
decreased by increased by
NET INCOME
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Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
NetSolutionsIncome Statement
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Fees earned $7,500Operating expenses: Wages expense $2,125 Rent expense 800 Supplies expense 800 Utilities expense 450 Miscellaneous expense 275 Total operating expenses 4,450Net income $3,050
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Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
NetSolutionsIncome Statement
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Fees earned $7,500Operating expenses: Wages expense $2,125 Rent expense 800 Supplies expense 800 Utilities expense 450 Miscellaneous expense 275 Total operating expenses 4,450Net income $3,050
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Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
NetSolutionsIncome Statement
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Fees earned $7,500Operating expenses: Wages expense $2,125 Rent expense 800 Supplies expense 800 Utilities expense 450 Miscellaneous expense 275 Total operating expenses 4,450Net income $3,050
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Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
NetSolutionsIncome Statement
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Fees earned $7,500Operating expenses: Wages expense $2,125 Rent expense 800 Supplies expense 800 Utilities expense 450 Miscellaneous expense 275 Total operating expenses 4,450Net income $3,050
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NetSolutionsStatement of Owner’s Equity
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Chris Clark, capital, November 1, 2002 $ 0Investment on November 1, 2002 $25,000Net income for November 3,050 $28,050Less withdrawals 2,000Increase in owner’s equity 26,050Chris Clark, capital, November 30, 2002 $26,050
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NetSolutionsStatement of Owner’s Equity
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Chris Clark, capital, November 1, 2002 $ 0Investment on November 1, 2002 $25,000Net income for November 3,050 $28,050Less withdrawals 2,000Increase in owner’s equity 26,050Chris Clark, capital, November 30, 2002 $26,050
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NetSolutionsStatement of Owner’s Equity
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Chris Clark, capital, November 1, 2002 $ 0Investment on November 1, 2002 $25,000Net income for November 3,050 $28,050Less withdrawals 2,000Increase in owner’s equity 26,050Chris Clark, capital, November 30, 2002 $26,050
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NetSolutionsStatement of Owner’s Equity
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Chris Clark, capital, November 1, 2002 $ 0Investment on November 1, 2002 $25,000Net income for November 3,050 $28,050Less withdrawals 2,000Increase in owner’s equity 26,050Chris Clark, capital, November 30, 2002 $26,050
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NetSolutionsStatement of Owner’s Equity
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Chris Clark, capital, November 1, 2002 $ 0Investment on November 1, 2002 $25,000Net income for November 3,050 $28,050Less withdrawals 2,000Increase in owner’s equity 26,050Chris Clark, capital, November 30, 2002 $26,050
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NetSolutionsBalance Sheet
November 30, 2002
AssetsCash $5,900Supplies 550Land 20,000 Total assets $26,450
LiabilitiesAccounts payable $ 400
Owner’s EquityChris Clark, capital 26,050 Total liabilities and owner’s equity $26,450
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
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NetSolutionsBalance Sheet
November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
AssetsCash $5,900Supplies 550Land 20,000 Total assets $26,450
LiabilitiesAccounts payable $ 400
Owner’s EquityChris Clark, capital 26,050 Total liabilities and owner’s equity $26,450
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NetSolutionsBalance Sheet
November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
AssetsCash $5,900Supplies 550Land 20,000 Total assets $26,450
LiabilitiesAccounts payable $ 400
Owner’s EquityChris Clark, capital 26,050 Total liabilities and owner’s equity $26,450
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NetSolutionsBalance Sheet
November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
AssetsCash $5,900Supplies 550Land 20,000 Total assets $26,450
LiabilitiesAccounts payable $ 400
Owner’s EquityChris Clark, capital 26,050 Total liabilities and owner’s equity $26,450
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NetSolutionsStatement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Cash flows from operating activities: Cash received from customers $ 7,500 Deduct cash payments for expenses and payments to creditors 4,600 Net cash flow from operating activities $ 2,900Cash flows from investing activities: Cash payments for acquisition of land (20,000)Cash flows from financing activities: Cash received as owner’s investment $25,000 Deduct cash withdrawal by owner 2,000 Net cash flow from financing activities 23,000Net cash flow and Nov. 30, 2002 cash balance $5,900
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
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NetSolutionsStatement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
)
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Cash flows from operating activities: Cash received from customers $ 7,500 Deduct cash payments for expenses and payments to creditors 4,600 Net cash flow from operating activities $ 2,900Cash flows from investing activities: Cash payments for acquisition of land (20,000Cash flows from financing activities: Cash received as owner’s investment $25,000 Deduct cash withdrawal by owner 2,000 Net cash flow from financing activities 23,000Net cash flow and Nov. 30, 2002 cash balance $5,900
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NetSolutionsStatement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
)
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Cash flows from operating activities: Cash received from customers $ 7,500 Deduct cash payments for expenses and payments to creditors 4,600 Net cash flow from operating activities $ 2,900Cash flows from investing activities: Cash payments for acquisition of land (20,000)Cash flows from financing activities: Cash received as owner’s investment $25,000 Deduct cash withdrawal by owner 2,000 Net cash flow from financing activities 23,000Net cash flow and Nov. 30, 2002 cash balance $5,900
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NetSolutionsStatement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Cash flows from operating activities: Cash received from customers $ 7,500 Deduct cash payments for expenses and payments to creditors 4,600 Net cash flow from operating activities $ 2,900Cash flows from investing activities: Cash payments for acquisition of land (20,000Cash flows from financing activities: Cash received as owner’s investment $25,000 Deduct cash withdrawal by owner 2,000 Net cash flow from financing activities 23,000Net cash flow and Nov. 30, 2002 cash balance $5,900
)
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Ratio of Liabilities to Owner’s EquityRatio of Liabilities to Owner’s Equity
Ratio of liabilitiesto owner’s equity =
Formula
Objective: Use the ratio of liabilities to owner’s equity to analyze the ability of a business to withstand poor business conditions and to pay its creditors.
Total liabilities
Total owner’s equity
NetSolutions =
Example
$400
$16,050.025 or 2.5%
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Note: To see the topic slide, type 2 and press Enter.
This is the last slide in Chapter 1.
Power NotesChapter 1
Introduction to Accounting and Business