Upload
mary-palmer-dargan
View
1.626
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Sponsored by Clemson’s
Department of Planning and Landscape
Architecture in the College of Art,
Architecture and Humanities
012-1 Landscape History
Early Kitchen Garden lecture
• Put garden history into perspective by analyzing the earliest form of garden and its resilience to change despite social pressure.
• Homework: Begin thinking of a garden in Europe or America that is worthy of a discussion in class.
• Result: To learn about the social pressures that shaped landscape history, develop an aptitude for reading plans, to understand the 3 main periods of stylistic imprints.
Conimbriga & Portuguese Gardens what makes these
early gardens special (ad 200-1550), their special decorative techniques and design motifs
(azulejos, mosaic, hydrology) Homework : Bring a short history of the garden you
chose to read/researchResult: To define a renaissance garden in both
descriptive and spatial terms, relate it to political events of the period.
012-2 Landscape History
Features of a Portuguese Garden
A water tank or basin
Walls with Ajulejos
Green backbone
Connection with the house
Beautiful pots, well-placed
Citrus
Italian Renaissance gardens…what makes these early gardens special
Result: To define a renaissance garden in both descriptive and spatial terms,
relate it to political events of the period.
012-3Landscape History
Italian Renaissance Gardens have:
. Soaring cypresses
.fountains
.geometric layout
.grottoes, masks, mythological statues
.mazes
Baroque Italian Gardens
Characteristics:
Elaborate Gateways/Gate Screens
Acqua d’Gnocci
Soaring Cypressses
Overscaled Plants & Formal Gardens
Grottoes
Gardens of France (Review)Chateau de Fountainbleau c 1528
Chateau de Villandry c 1536
Potager de Roi Versailles c 1638
Manoir de Chez (Normandy)
Vaux le Vicomte c 1650
Giverney Musee Claude Monet 1883-1926
Chamont Exhibition (June-October)
Maison et Parc Floral des Moitiers (Normandy)
Hallmarks of French Gardens
The geometric landscape movement was characterized by :
1. Outward facing views to the horizon
2. Clipped geometric forms of plant materials
3. Flat planes of terraced land
4. Formal water bodies & canals
5. Man’s dominance of the land
Hallmarks of French Gardens
However, one cannot characterize French gardens just in these ways…particularly since new ideas from artists and owners from abroad add fresh fuel to the canvas of nature.
Giverney, Chamont’s Garden Festival and the gardens at Moitier remind us to think “out of the box” while reaching to the past for inspiration.
Trademarks of French Gardens
Most French gardens illustrate a continuum of layers of garden design…most notably in our studies at Villandry where there is 16th c chateau and formal kitchen gardens plus a formal water garden.
Fountainbleau & Vaux le Vicomte are considered to be pure forms of geometric period landscapes
Visionaries of Georgian EnglandSir Issac Newton 1642-1727 optical properties of light
John Locke “Essay Concerning Human Understanding in 1690” & 1st Earl of Shaftsbury…Age of Enlightenment
Rousseau 1712-1778 visions of a more perfect society
3rd Earl of Shaftsbury 1671-1713 Genius of Place
Addison & Pope…….
Stowe & Castle Howard
Birth of the Emblematic gardens of the eighteenth century
Landscape Anatomy : Gardens of Romanticism featured…
Grottoes, cascades,wild scenery, temples, poetry, iconography …works resembling a painting
Influential works of art by Claude Lorraine & Nicholas Poisson (mid 1600’s) featured mythological subjects from the Roman countryside… wild green theatres of the imagination.
The visitor to an Enlightened Landscape would meditate and tell his own story by being in stage sets filled with allusions.
Villa Barbarigo (c1669)in Valsanbbio’s fountain backdrop…an influence on Kent at Rousham?? a great research project!
Gardens of England
Gardens in England today, like those of France and Italy, are often overlays of several landscape movements. Rousham, Stowe and Castle Howard represent “pure” evocations of the Picturesque Landscape movement.
There are many, earlier gardens designed in the geometric tradition which clearly embrace French & Italian influences.
Gardens of England
The effect of the National Trust in England and private landowners in opening their gardens to the public has had a profound impact on landscape preservation worldwide by educating visitors in the interpretation of landscape continuums and preservation methods.
012 -6 History of Landscape Design: USA
Understanding America’s pioneer ethos and the evolution of the landscape as powerful people created their versions of great country houses…or American farmsteads.
Periods of American Landscape History
A. Indians and Conquest
B. 1680-1750 Early Transitional
C. 1750-1820 Federal
D. 1820-1880 Antibellum/Reconstruction
E. 1880-1920 Victorian/Edwardian
F. 1920- present
Periods of American Landscape History
A. Indians and Conquest
B. 1680-1750 Early Transitional
C. 1750-1820 Federal
Periods of American Landscape History
A. Indians and Conquest
B. 1680-1750 Early Transitional
C. 1750-1820 Federal
D. 1820-1880 Antibellum/Reconstruction
Periods of American Landscape History
A. Indians and Conquest
B. 1680-1750 Early Transitional
C. 1750-1820 Federal
D. 1820-1880 Antibellum/Reconstruction
E. 1880-1920 Victorian/Edwardian
F. 1920- present