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Jawdat 2012 1
Next Generation Networks
Indonesia Network Operator Group – IDNOG
Himawan Nugroho!
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Cisco Systems, Singapore, 2006 – 2008 Cisco Systems, Dubai, 2008 – present Cisco Live Speakers, 2011 – present
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‘’It’s not who you are underneath,
it’s what you do
thatdefines you”!
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I’m a storyteller. I tell stories !
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I’m your Budi!
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1925
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Pandawa Networks!5
Future proof?!
Improve customer
experience?!
Optimize Capex-Opex?!
Agile infrastructure?!
Multi Services?!
Clean Internet?!
Local content?!
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! Passive Optical Network (PON) ! " Lower CAPEX ! " Lower power consumption ! " Less CO rack space needed ! " Asymmetric BW split ! " More complex troubleshooting
! Ethernet ! " Easier BW upgrades ! " Easier unbundling ! " More space needed at CO for
distribution frames ! " More fiber duct utilization
PON ETH
Splitter 1:2
ONTs ONTs
Splitter 1:32
Splitter 1:64
OLT
Point to Multipoint Point to Point
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Customer Gateway Internet Router DC Gateway Cache Redirection
2.5Gb/s (DS) 1.25 Gb/s (US)
2.5Gb/s (DS) 1.25 Gb/s (US)
Customer ODN CO
2.5Gb/s (DS) 1.25 Gb/s (US)
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
OLT Apartment
Residential Bungalows
Retail, Mall Hotel, Stadium, University, School
Offices
DNS, DHCP
2.5Gb/s (DS) 1.25 Gb/s (US)
2.5Gb/s (DS) 1.25 Gb/s (US)
DATA CENTER INTERNET
Cache
Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
AAA
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Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
Data Center
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Core Router
Access Aggregation Core
OLT Apartment
Residential Bungalows
Retail, Mall
Offices
DNS, DHCP
Service Router INTERNET
Cache + Filter
Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
AAA
DATA CENTER
DC Switch
ASBR
Customer Gateway
Cache Redirection
Internet Gateway
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Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
Data Center
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MPLS (Layer 2.5) Shim Header Fields: Label, 20 bits Experimental (CoS), 3 bits Stacking bit, 1 bit. This is the bottom-of-stack bit. 1=on=last label. Time to live, 8 bits
TTL#Label#(20#bits)# CoS# S#
IP#Packet#32#bits#
L2#Header# MPLS#Header#
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Question: !How will the PE routers forward the VPN packets across the MPLS VPN backbone? !
Result:!• The P routers perform label switching, and the packet reaches the egress PE router !• The egress PE router performs a lookup on the VPN label and forwards the packet toward the CE router !
Answer: !They will label the VPN packets with a label stack, using the LDP label for !the egress PE router as the top label, and the VPN label assigned by the !egress PE router as the second label in the stack. !
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Question: !How will the ingress PE router get the second label in the !label stack from the egress PE router?!
Answer: !Labels are propagated in MP-BGP VPNv4 routing updates.!
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PE Router
Access MPLS Backbone Core
DNS, DHCP, AAA
Service Router INTERNET
Cache + Filter
Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
SIP + Voice GW
DATA CENTER
DC Switch
ASBR
Customer Gateway/CE
Cache Redirection
Internet Gateway
Service PE
CE
P Router
MP-BGP RR
PE Router SIP client
VVVV
PSTN
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Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
Data Center
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• Assume a flow from A to B
• T1: when L dies, the best path is impacted loss of traffic
• T2: When the traffic reaches the destination again through the computed next best path. If fast reroutes technologies are used, this may happen well before the network convergence Once the network converges, a next best path is computed
• Loss of Connectivity: T2 – T1, called “convergence” hereafter
• Traffic can be restored long before the convergence time if fast reroute technology is used
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• Minimize network downtime/traffic loss “Classical” Convergence > 1 sec. Fast Convergence < 1 sec. Fast Re-Route < 50-100 msec.
• Support all types (Link, Node or SRLG) of IP/MPLS restoration mechanisms.
• Keep it simple and straight.
• Keep it cost effective (both CAPEX/OPEX)
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STB / Receiver
IPTV Source
Out-of-band source directory, example: web server
Receiver learns of source, group/port
B A C D
E IGMPv3 (S, G) Join
Receiver sends IGMPv3 (S,G) Join
(S, G) Join
First-hop sends PIM (S,G) Join directly toward Source
Result: Shortest path tree rooted at the source, with no shared tree.
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PE Router
Access MPLS Backbone
DNS, DHCP, AAA
Service Router INTERNET
Cache + Filter
Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
SIP + Voice GW
DATA CENTER
DC Switch
ASBR
Customer Gateway/CE
Cache Redirection
Internet Gateway
Service PE
CE
P Router
MP-BGP RR
PE Router SIP client
VVVV
PSTN
VVVV
PSTN
DC Firewall Load Balancer
STB
IPTV
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Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
Data Center
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• Optimize bandwidth utilization for Video, Voice and Data apps
• Drives productivity by enhancing service-levels to mission-critical applications
• Helps maintain network availability in the event of DoS/worm attacks
Quality of Service
Network Availability
Security
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How Does It Work and Essential Elements CLASSIFICATION AND
MARKING QUEUEING AND DROPPING POST-QUEUING
OPERATIONS
• Classification and Marking: The first element to a QoS policy is to classify/identify the traffic that is to be treated differently; following classification, marking tools can set an attribute of a frame or packet to a specific value
• Policing: Determine whether packets are conforming to administratively-defined traffic rates and take action accordingly; such action could include marking, remarking or dropping a packet
• Scheduling (including Queuing and Dropping): Scheduling tools determine how a frame/packet exits a device; queuing algorithms are activated only when a device is experiencing congestion and are deactivated when the congestion clears
• Link Specific Mechanisms (Shaping, Fragmentation, Compression, Tx Ring) Offers network administrators tools to optimize link utilization
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Business Requirements Will Evolve and Expand over Time
Time
Critical Data
Realtime
4-Class Model
Best Effort
Signaling / Control Call Signaling
Critical Data
Interactive Video
Voice
8-Class Model
Scavenger
Best Effort
Streaming Video
Network Control
Network Management
Realtime Interactive
Transactional Data
Multimedia Conferencing
Voice
12-Class Model
Bulk Data
Scavenger
Best Effort
Multimedia Streaming
Network Control
Broadcast Video
Call Signaling
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What Difference Does It Make?
CE1 PE1
Uniform
Pipe
Short Pipe
IP IP IP/MPLS PE2 CE2
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Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
Data Center
Data Center
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RSP
LC
LC
LC
LC
RSP
LC
LC
LC
LC
Cluster – nV (Network Virtualization)
Key motivation is in the Access edge: Simpler Access Dual-homing • scaling the L2/L3 control plane (not data plane) Key motivation is in the Core:
Simpler Core PoP • scaling the non-blocking data plane • back-to-back, 2+1, 8+2, etc.
Cluster (one L2 & IP/MPLS control plane)
Cluster + Satellites
(remote linecards)
Multi-Chassis (one router)
RP
LC
LC
RP
LC
Multi-Chassis - IP Core
LC
LC
LC
LC
dRP
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ISO/IEC 42010:2007, Systems and Software Engineering
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Access!
Ethernet Node
Ethernet Node
DSL Node
PON Node
Access! Carrier Ethernet Aggregation!Aggregation
Node
Distribution Node
Distribution Node
Aggregation Node
Core Network IP / MPLS
Content Network
TV SIP
Content Network
TV SIP
IP Edge! Multiservice Core!
MPLS/IPoDWDM Optical Network
Core Node
Core Node
Business
Corporate
Business
Corporate
2G/3G RBS
Residential
STB
Residential
STB
Residential
STB
Business
Corporate
Pre-Agg /AggNode
Aggregation Node
MPLS/IP/Ethernet
BSC/RNC
BSC/RNC Cell Site Gateway
MPLS/IP Transport
Transport Deployment: VPWS, VPLS
Service Aware Deployment: VPWS, VPLS, MPLS VPN/IP
HSI Service Edge Node
Optional Video Service Edge Node
Optional Business Service Edge Node
NMS Service Management SEF EMS ACS Performance Management AAA, DHCP, DNS,
OAM Subsystem
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Market Services Access SLA Type SLA Example
Residential Internet Access Ethernet, DSL, PON Transport
Dynamic access bandwidth, session/idle timeout, advertisements, post paid/prepaid (time and volume)
VoIP Telephony Ethernet, DSL, PON Application
The number of VoIP appliances, SIP URLs/PST Phone numbers, active calls, VoIP call quality
VoD Ethernet, DSL, PON Application The number of STBs, stream quality, content flavours, charging models
TV Ethernet, DSL, PON Application The number of STBs, type of TV packages, SD vs HD content and delivery quality
Business L3 VPN Ethernet, DSL, PON, POS TDM Transport
Access bandwidth, differentiated services support, L3 VPN topology, managed services (unicast and multicast)
E-Line Ethernet, DSL*, PON* Transport Access bandwidth, differentiated services support, transparency
E-LAN Ethernet, DSL*, PON* Transport Access bandwidth, differentiated services support, multipoint transport, transparency
Legacy VPWS FR, and FR to IP (Ethernet) Transport
Guaranteed bandwidth per FR DLCI service. Also FR DLCI transport with IP interworking and Ethernet Access.
Transport Mobile RAN
2G, 3G R99, 3G R5, R8 Transport
Guaranteed bandwidth, delay and jitter synchronization (frequency and phase) accuracy inline with Mobile Radio technology
HSI Wholesale
Ethernet, DSL, PON Transport
Aggregated bandwidth on ISP level, differentiated services support, with subscriber management at ISP, with L2TP or MPLS VPN transport
Triple Play Wholesale
Ethernet, DSL, PON Transport
Aggregated bandwidth on ISP level, differentiated services support, transparent P2P Ethernet transport for unicast services, P2MP Ethernet transport for IPTV
Contribution Video
Ethernet, Video HD-SDI Transport Guaranteed bandwidth, delay, jitter , and close to zero or zero loss
* Ethernet Relay Point to Point and Multipoint only
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1) Reduce the number of networks ! IP NGN = single multiservice network
2) Reduce the number of layers ! IP NGN = IP/MPLS + DWDM
3) Reduce the number of nodes ! Direct Links = huge broadband traffic takes shortest path
4) Reduce the number of links ! MPLS Technology = statistical multiplex and hierarchy
5) Innovate – make use of modern technologies ! Moore’s Law = Lower TCO, Price/Gigabit, Watt/Gigabit
Optimization: How to move bits cheaper... ...reduce OPEX, CAPEX, and keep reasonable quality?
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• IPv4 address pool exhausted
• NGN Capabilities to Defence
• Government Mandates
• Cable market address scaling
• Population densities in various countries
• 4G deployments
• Smart Grids/Sensor Networks
• Connected Communities
• IPv4 connects computers
• IPv6 connects people and things
IPv6 is an enabler It is NOT a new service
It allows anything to connect to everything
Why Move To IPv6?
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IPv4 Address
HOST: 156.50.20.1
NET: 156.50.0.0/16
IPv6 Address
FE80::20B:60FF:FEA7:D81A
2001:0:0:A1::/64
Network Operator
I need some Catnip…
HEX is a curse…
Comparison of Address Type Syntax (CATS) Why we need IPv6 Address Management Tool
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IPv4 Address Run-Out
IPv4
IPv6 6rd
CGN +
6rd
Dual Stack
DS- Lite
Obtain IPv4 Addresses
MAP
CGN
IPv4 Address Sharing
IPv4 # IPv6 Transition Technologies in one Slide
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IPv4 Internet
IPv4 Backbone
Double step stateful translation: ! At CPE level
Between home network and ISP access network ! At CGN level
Between ISP network and public address network From CGN perspective: NAT44 = NAT444
IPv4 Traffic
CGN CPE
Source Address = 10.1.1.10 Outside Address = 170.0.0.1
Translated Address = 10.8.1.111
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IPv6 Backbone
IPv6 Internet
IPv4 Internet
! Two flavors: – stateful (1:n) – stateless (1:1)
! DNS64 to resolve IPv4 domain names
IPv4 Traffic IPv6 Traffic
CGN NAT64
Source Address = 2001:db8:1::10 Outside Address = 170.0.0.0
NAT64
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• NfV initiative announced at SDN and OpenFlow World Congress, October 2012 Industry Specification Group (ISG) with ETSI
• Leveraging cloud technology to support virtualizing specific network functions
vSwitch((Nexus(1000v)(
vRouter((CSR1000v)( vISE(
vFW((ASA(1000v)(
vWAAS( vESA( vWLC(
vRouteReflector(vNAM(vVideoCache(
VSG(
vWSA(
Nexus/Catalyst# ASR/ISR/CRS# IdenCty/Policy#D#ISE# Firewall#D#ASA#
WAAS# Email#Security#D#ESA# Wireless#LAN#Controller#
IOS/XR#RR#Video#Cache# Web#Security#D#WSA# Network#Analysis#D#NAM#
Security#Gateway#
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PE Router
Access MPLS Backbone
Switch Firewall
DNS DHCP AAA
Load Balancer SIP GW
IPTV Cache Filter
Service Router INTERNET
Internet/Transit
Internet/Transit
VIRTUALIZEDDATA CENTER
ASBR
Customer Gateway/CE
Cache Redirection
Internet Gateway
Service PE
CE
P Router
MP-BGP RR
PE Router SIP client
PSTN
STB NAT VM
Firewall VM
SBC VM
dDOS VM
Virus Scan VM
IPS VM
DPI VM
CGN VM
Portal VM
PCRF VM
DNS VM
DHCP VM
BNG VM
SDN Ctrl. VM
RaaS VM
WLC VM
WAAS VM
CDN VM
Caching
VM NMS VM
vRR VM
vRR VM
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Ideas are !cheap!!
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